ip
ipku.in

IPv6 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IPv6 address with a prefix to see its network, address range, number of /64 subnets, and its full and short forms. You can also split the prefix into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
Try:2001:db8:abcd::1/482001:db8::/32fd00:1234::/56fe80::1/64
IPv4 calculator →
documentation2001:db8:abcd:0:67::/80
network2001:db8:abcd:0:67::/80
first host2001:db8:abcd:0:67::
last host2001:db8:abcd:0:67:ffff:ffff:ffff
addresses2⁴⁸ = 281,474,976,710,656
short form2001:db8:abcd:0:67::
ipcalc 2001:db8:abcd:0:67::/80
address2001:0db8:abcd:0000:0067:0000:0000:0000
network2001:0db8:abcd:0000:0067:0000:0000:0000
last host2001:0db8:abcd:0000:0067:ffff:ffff:ffff
green = network digits, amber = digit split by the prefix
full form2001:0db8:abcd:0000:0067:0000:0000:0000
reverse dns0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.7.6.0.0.0.0.0.0.d.c.b.a.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa

/80 split into /126 · 70,368,744,177,664 subnets

close ×
#networklast address
12001:db8:abcd:0:67::/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3
22001:db8:abcd:0:67::4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::7
32001:db8:abcd:0:67::8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::b
42001:db8:abcd:0:67::c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::f
52001:db8:abcd:0:67::10/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::13
62001:db8:abcd:0:67::14/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::17
72001:db8:abcd:0:67::18/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1b
82001:db8:abcd:0:67::1c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1f
92001:db8:abcd:0:67::20/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::23
102001:db8:abcd:0:67::24/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::27
112001:db8:abcd:0:67::28/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2b
122001:db8:abcd:0:67::2c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2f
132001:db8:abcd:0:67::30/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::33
142001:db8:abcd:0:67::34/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::37
152001:db8:abcd:0:67::38/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3b
162001:db8:abcd:0:67::3c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3f
172001:db8:abcd:0:67::40/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::43
182001:db8:abcd:0:67::44/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::47
192001:db8:abcd:0:67::48/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::4b
202001:db8:abcd:0:67::4c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::4f
212001:db8:abcd:0:67::50/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::53
222001:db8:abcd:0:67::54/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::57
232001:db8:abcd:0:67::58/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::5b
242001:db8:abcd:0:67::5c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::5f
252001:db8:abcd:0:67::60/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::63
262001:db8:abcd:0:67::64/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::67
272001:db8:abcd:0:67::68/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::6b
282001:db8:abcd:0:67::6c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::6f
292001:db8:abcd:0:67::70/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::73
302001:db8:abcd:0:67::74/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::77
312001:db8:abcd:0:67::78/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::7b
322001:db8:abcd:0:67::7c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::7f
332001:db8:abcd:0:67::80/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::83
342001:db8:abcd:0:67::84/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::87
352001:db8:abcd:0:67::88/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::8b
362001:db8:abcd:0:67::8c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::8f
372001:db8:abcd:0:67::90/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::93
382001:db8:abcd:0:67::94/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::97
392001:db8:abcd:0:67::98/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::9b
402001:db8:abcd:0:67::9c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::9f
412001:db8:abcd:0:67::a0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::a3
422001:db8:abcd:0:67::a4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::a7
432001:db8:abcd:0:67::a8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::ab
442001:db8:abcd:0:67::ac/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::af
452001:db8:abcd:0:67::b0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::b3
462001:db8:abcd:0:67::b4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::b7
472001:db8:abcd:0:67::b8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::bb
482001:db8:abcd:0:67::bc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::bf
492001:db8:abcd:0:67::c0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::c3
502001:db8:abcd:0:67::c4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::c7
512001:db8:abcd:0:67::c8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::cb
522001:db8:abcd:0:67::cc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::cf
532001:db8:abcd:0:67::d0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::d3
542001:db8:abcd:0:67::d4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::d7
552001:db8:abcd:0:67::d8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::db
562001:db8:abcd:0:67::dc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::df
572001:db8:abcd:0:67::e0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::e3
582001:db8:abcd:0:67::e4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::e7
592001:db8:abcd:0:67::e8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::eb
602001:db8:abcd:0:67::ec/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::ef
612001:db8:abcd:0:67::f0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::f3
622001:db8:abcd:0:67::f4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::f7
632001:db8:abcd:0:67::f8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::fb
642001:db8:abcd:0:67::fc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::ff
652001:db8:abcd:0:67::100/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::103
662001:db8:abcd:0:67::104/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::107
672001:db8:abcd:0:67::108/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::10b
682001:db8:abcd:0:67::10c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::10f
692001:db8:abcd:0:67::110/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::113
702001:db8:abcd:0:67::114/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::117
712001:db8:abcd:0:67::118/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::11b
722001:db8:abcd:0:67::11c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::11f
732001:db8:abcd:0:67::120/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::123
742001:db8:abcd:0:67::124/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::127
752001:db8:abcd:0:67::128/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::12b
762001:db8:abcd:0:67::12c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::12f
772001:db8:abcd:0:67::130/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::133
782001:db8:abcd:0:67::134/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::137
792001:db8:abcd:0:67::138/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::13b
802001:db8:abcd:0:67::13c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::13f
812001:db8:abcd:0:67::140/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::143
822001:db8:abcd:0:67::144/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::147
832001:db8:abcd:0:67::148/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::14b
842001:db8:abcd:0:67::14c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::14f
852001:db8:abcd:0:67::150/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::153
862001:db8:abcd:0:67::154/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::157
872001:db8:abcd:0:67::158/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::15b
882001:db8:abcd:0:67::15c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::15f
892001:db8:abcd:0:67::160/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::163
902001:db8:abcd:0:67::164/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::167
912001:db8:abcd:0:67::168/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::16b
922001:db8:abcd:0:67::16c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::16f
932001:db8:abcd:0:67::170/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::173
942001:db8:abcd:0:67::174/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::177
952001:db8:abcd:0:67::178/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::17b
962001:db8:abcd:0:67::17c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::17f
972001:db8:abcd:0:67::180/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::183
982001:db8:abcd:0:67::184/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::187
992001:db8:abcd:0:67::188/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::18b
1002001:db8:abcd:0:67::18c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::18f
1012001:db8:abcd:0:67::190/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::193
1022001:db8:abcd:0:67::194/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::197
1032001:db8:abcd:0:67::198/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::19b
1042001:db8:abcd:0:67::19c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::19f
1052001:db8:abcd:0:67::1a0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1a3
1062001:db8:abcd:0:67::1a4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1a7
1072001:db8:abcd:0:67::1a8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1ab
1082001:db8:abcd:0:67::1ac/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1af
1092001:db8:abcd:0:67::1b0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1b3
1102001:db8:abcd:0:67::1b4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1b7
1112001:db8:abcd:0:67::1b8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1bb
1122001:db8:abcd:0:67::1bc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1bf
1132001:db8:abcd:0:67::1c0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1c3
1142001:db8:abcd:0:67::1c4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1c7
1152001:db8:abcd:0:67::1c8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1cb
1162001:db8:abcd:0:67::1cc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1cf
1172001:db8:abcd:0:67::1d0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1d3
1182001:db8:abcd:0:67::1d4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1d7
1192001:db8:abcd:0:67::1d8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1db
1202001:db8:abcd:0:67::1dc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1df
1212001:db8:abcd:0:67::1e0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1e3
1222001:db8:abcd:0:67::1e4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1e7
1232001:db8:abcd:0:67::1e8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1eb
1242001:db8:abcd:0:67::1ec/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1ef
1252001:db8:abcd:0:67::1f0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1f3
1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1f4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1f7
1272001:db8:abcd:0:67::1f8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1fb
1282001:db8:abcd:0:67::1fc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::1ff
1292001:db8:abcd:0:67::200/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::203
1302001:db8:abcd:0:67::204/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::207
1312001:db8:abcd:0:67::208/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::20b
1322001:db8:abcd:0:67::20c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::20f
1332001:db8:abcd:0:67::210/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::213
1342001:db8:abcd:0:67::214/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::217
1352001:db8:abcd:0:67::218/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::21b
1362001:db8:abcd:0:67::21c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::21f
1372001:db8:abcd:0:67::220/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::223
1382001:db8:abcd:0:67::224/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::227
1392001:db8:abcd:0:67::228/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::22b
1402001:db8:abcd:0:67::22c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::22f
1412001:db8:abcd:0:67::230/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::233
1422001:db8:abcd:0:67::234/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::237
1432001:db8:abcd:0:67::238/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::23b
1442001:db8:abcd:0:67::23c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::23f
1452001:db8:abcd:0:67::240/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::243
1462001:db8:abcd:0:67::244/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::247
1472001:db8:abcd:0:67::248/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::24b
1482001:db8:abcd:0:67::24c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::24f
1492001:db8:abcd:0:67::250/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::253
1502001:db8:abcd:0:67::254/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::257
1512001:db8:abcd:0:67::258/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::25b
1522001:db8:abcd:0:67::25c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::25f
1532001:db8:abcd:0:67::260/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::263
1542001:db8:abcd:0:67::264/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::267
1552001:db8:abcd:0:67::268/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::26b
1562001:db8:abcd:0:67::26c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::26f
1572001:db8:abcd:0:67::270/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::273
1582001:db8:abcd:0:67::274/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::277
1592001:db8:abcd:0:67::278/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::27b
1602001:db8:abcd:0:67::27c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::27f
1612001:db8:abcd:0:67::280/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::283
1622001:db8:abcd:0:67::284/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::287
1632001:db8:abcd:0:67::288/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::28b
1642001:db8:abcd:0:67::28c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::28f
1652001:db8:abcd:0:67::290/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::293
1662001:db8:abcd:0:67::294/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::297
1672001:db8:abcd:0:67::298/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::29b
1682001:db8:abcd:0:67::29c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::29f
1692001:db8:abcd:0:67::2a0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2a3
1702001:db8:abcd:0:67::2a4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2a7
1712001:db8:abcd:0:67::2a8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2ab
1722001:db8:abcd:0:67::2ac/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2af
1732001:db8:abcd:0:67::2b0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2b3
1742001:db8:abcd:0:67::2b4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2b7
1752001:db8:abcd:0:67::2b8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2bb
1762001:db8:abcd:0:67::2bc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2bf
1772001:db8:abcd:0:67::2c0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2c3
1782001:db8:abcd:0:67::2c4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2c7
1792001:db8:abcd:0:67::2c8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2cb
1802001:db8:abcd:0:67::2cc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2cf
1812001:db8:abcd:0:67::2d0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2d3
1822001:db8:abcd:0:67::2d4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2d7
1832001:db8:abcd:0:67::2d8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2db
1842001:db8:abcd:0:67::2dc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2df
1852001:db8:abcd:0:67::2e0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2e3
1862001:db8:abcd:0:67::2e4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2e7
1872001:db8:abcd:0:67::2e8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2eb
1882001:db8:abcd:0:67::2ec/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2ef
1892001:db8:abcd:0:67::2f0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2f3
1902001:db8:abcd:0:67::2f4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2f7
1912001:db8:abcd:0:67::2f8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2fb
1922001:db8:abcd:0:67::2fc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::2ff
1932001:db8:abcd:0:67::300/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::303
1942001:db8:abcd:0:67::304/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::307
1952001:db8:abcd:0:67::308/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::30b
1962001:db8:abcd:0:67::30c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::30f
1972001:db8:abcd:0:67::310/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::313
1982001:db8:abcd:0:67::314/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::317
1992001:db8:abcd:0:67::318/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::31b
2002001:db8:abcd:0:67::31c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::31f
2012001:db8:abcd:0:67::320/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::323
2022001:db8:abcd:0:67::324/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::327
2032001:db8:abcd:0:67::328/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::32b
2042001:db8:abcd:0:67::32c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::32f
2052001:db8:abcd:0:67::330/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::333
2062001:db8:abcd:0:67::334/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::337
2072001:db8:abcd:0:67::338/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::33b
2082001:db8:abcd:0:67::33c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::33f
2092001:db8:abcd:0:67::340/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::343
2102001:db8:abcd:0:67::344/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::347
2112001:db8:abcd:0:67::348/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::34b
2122001:db8:abcd:0:67::34c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::34f
2132001:db8:abcd:0:67::350/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::353
2142001:db8:abcd:0:67::354/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::357
2152001:db8:abcd:0:67::358/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::35b
2162001:db8:abcd:0:67::35c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::35f
2172001:db8:abcd:0:67::360/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::363
2182001:db8:abcd:0:67::364/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::367
2192001:db8:abcd:0:67::368/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::36b
2202001:db8:abcd:0:67::36c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::36f
2212001:db8:abcd:0:67::370/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::373
2222001:db8:abcd:0:67::374/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::377
2232001:db8:abcd:0:67::378/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::37b
2242001:db8:abcd:0:67::37c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::37f
2252001:db8:abcd:0:67::380/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::383
2262001:db8:abcd:0:67::384/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::387
2272001:db8:abcd:0:67::388/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::38b
2282001:db8:abcd:0:67::38c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::38f
2292001:db8:abcd:0:67::390/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::393
2302001:db8:abcd:0:67::394/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::397
2312001:db8:abcd:0:67::398/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::39b
2322001:db8:abcd:0:67::39c/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::39f
2332001:db8:abcd:0:67::3a0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3a3
2342001:db8:abcd:0:67::3a4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3a7
2352001:db8:abcd:0:67::3a8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3ab
2362001:db8:abcd:0:67::3ac/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3af
2372001:db8:abcd:0:67::3b0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3b3
2382001:db8:abcd:0:67::3b4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3b7
2392001:db8:abcd:0:67::3b8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3bb
2402001:db8:abcd:0:67::3bc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3bf
2412001:db8:abcd:0:67::3c0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3c3
2422001:db8:abcd:0:67::3c4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3c7
2432001:db8:abcd:0:67::3c8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3cb
2442001:db8:abcd:0:67::3cc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3cf
2452001:db8:abcd:0:67::3d0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3d3
2462001:db8:abcd:0:67::3d4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3d7
2472001:db8:abcd:0:67::3d8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3db
2482001:db8:abcd:0:67::3dc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3df
2492001:db8:abcd:0:67::3e0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3e3
2502001:db8:abcd:0:67::3e4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3e7
2512001:db8:abcd:0:67::3e8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3eb
2522001:db8:abcd:0:67::3ec/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3ef
2532001:db8:abcd:0:67::3f0/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3f3
2542001:db8:abcd:0:67::3f4/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3f7
2552001:db8:abcd:0:67::3f8/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3fb
2562001:db8:abcd:0:67::3fc/1262001:db8:abcd:0:67::3ff

showing 256 of 70,368,744,177,664

01 / table

IPv6 prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixaddresses/64 subnetsin your /80
/82¹²⁰2⁵⁶-
/122¹¹⁶2⁵²-
/162¹¹²2⁴⁸-
/202¹⁰⁸2⁴⁴-
/242¹⁰⁴2⁴⁰-
/282¹⁰⁰2³⁶-
/322⁹⁶4,294,967,296-
/362⁹²268,435,456-
/402⁸⁸16,777,216-
/442⁸⁴1,048,576-
/482⁸⁰65,536-
/522⁷⁶4,096-
/562⁷²256-
/602⁶⁸16-
/642⁶⁴1-
/722⁵⁶--
/802⁴⁸-1
/964,294,967,296-65,536 split →
/11265,536-4,294,967,296 split →
/120256-2⁴⁰ split →
/12416-2⁴⁴ split →
/1264-2⁴⁶ split →
/1272-2⁴⁷ split →
/1281-2⁴⁸ split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this IPv6 calculator?

▼

Type an IPv6 address followed by a prefix, like 2001:db8:abcd::1/48. Without a prefix it uses /64. The address can be written in full or shortened with ::.

Why does IPv6 have no broadcast address?

▼

IPv6 replaced broadcast with multicast, so no address is set aside for it. That is why this calculator shows the whole range, from the network address to the last address.

What prefix do ISPs usually hand out?

▼

A single LAN is almost always a /64. Home customers usually get a /56 or /60, and an organization or site usually gets a /48. One /48 holds 65,536 /64 subnets.

Learn how to work it out →