ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.74.0/23
network10.78.74.0/23
broadcast10.78.75.255
first host10.78.74.1
last host10.78.75.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.78.74.0/23
address00001010.01001110.01001010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001110.01001010.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.01001011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e4a00
decimal172902912
reverse dns0.74.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:4a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.74.0/3110.78.74.0 – 10.78.74.110.78.74.1
210.78.74.2/3110.78.74.2 – 10.78.74.310.78.74.3
310.78.74.4/3110.78.74.4 – 10.78.74.510.78.74.5
410.78.74.6/3110.78.74.6 – 10.78.74.710.78.74.7
510.78.74.8/3110.78.74.8 – 10.78.74.910.78.74.9
610.78.74.10/3110.78.74.10 – 10.78.74.1110.78.74.11
710.78.74.12/3110.78.74.12 – 10.78.74.1310.78.74.13
810.78.74.14/3110.78.74.14 – 10.78.74.1510.78.74.15
910.78.74.16/3110.78.74.16 – 10.78.74.1710.78.74.17
1010.78.74.18/3110.78.74.18 – 10.78.74.1910.78.74.19
1110.78.74.20/3110.78.74.20 – 10.78.74.2110.78.74.21
1210.78.74.22/3110.78.74.22 – 10.78.74.2310.78.74.23
1310.78.74.24/3110.78.74.24 – 10.78.74.2510.78.74.25
1410.78.74.26/3110.78.74.26 – 10.78.74.2710.78.74.27
1510.78.74.28/3110.78.74.28 – 10.78.74.2910.78.74.29
1610.78.74.30/3110.78.74.30 – 10.78.74.3110.78.74.31
1710.78.74.32/3110.78.74.32 – 10.78.74.3310.78.74.33
1810.78.74.34/3110.78.74.34 – 10.78.74.3510.78.74.35
1910.78.74.36/3110.78.74.36 – 10.78.74.3710.78.74.37
2010.78.74.38/3110.78.74.38 – 10.78.74.3910.78.74.39
2110.78.74.40/3110.78.74.40 – 10.78.74.4110.78.74.41
2210.78.74.42/3110.78.74.42 – 10.78.74.4310.78.74.43
2310.78.74.44/3110.78.74.44 – 10.78.74.4510.78.74.45
2410.78.74.46/3110.78.74.46 – 10.78.74.4710.78.74.47
2510.78.74.48/3110.78.74.48 – 10.78.74.4910.78.74.49
2610.78.74.50/3110.78.74.50 – 10.78.74.5110.78.74.51
2710.78.74.52/3110.78.74.52 – 10.78.74.5310.78.74.53
2810.78.74.54/3110.78.74.54 – 10.78.74.5510.78.74.55
2910.78.74.56/3110.78.74.56 – 10.78.74.5710.78.74.57
3010.78.74.58/3110.78.74.58 – 10.78.74.5910.78.74.59
3110.78.74.60/3110.78.74.60 – 10.78.74.6110.78.74.61
3210.78.74.62/3110.78.74.62 – 10.78.74.6310.78.74.63
3310.78.74.64/3110.78.74.64 – 10.78.74.6510.78.74.65
3410.78.74.66/3110.78.74.66 – 10.78.74.6710.78.74.67
3510.78.74.68/3110.78.74.68 – 10.78.74.6910.78.74.69
3610.78.74.70/3110.78.74.70 – 10.78.74.7110.78.74.71
3710.78.74.72/3110.78.74.72 – 10.78.74.7310.78.74.73
3810.78.74.74/3110.78.74.74 – 10.78.74.7510.78.74.75
3910.78.74.76/3110.78.74.76 – 10.78.74.7710.78.74.77
4010.78.74.78/3110.78.74.78 – 10.78.74.7910.78.74.79
4110.78.74.80/3110.78.74.80 – 10.78.74.8110.78.74.81
4210.78.74.82/3110.78.74.82 – 10.78.74.8310.78.74.83
4310.78.74.84/3110.78.74.84 – 10.78.74.8510.78.74.85
4410.78.74.86/3110.78.74.86 – 10.78.74.8710.78.74.87
4510.78.74.88/3110.78.74.88 – 10.78.74.8910.78.74.89
4610.78.74.90/3110.78.74.90 – 10.78.74.9110.78.74.91
4710.78.74.92/3110.78.74.92 – 10.78.74.9310.78.74.93
4810.78.74.94/3110.78.74.94 – 10.78.74.9510.78.74.95
4910.78.74.96/3110.78.74.96 – 10.78.74.9710.78.74.97
5010.78.74.98/3110.78.74.98 – 10.78.74.9910.78.74.99
5110.78.74.100/3110.78.74.100 – 10.78.74.10110.78.74.101
5210.78.74.102/3110.78.74.102 – 10.78.74.10310.78.74.103
5310.78.74.104/3110.78.74.104 – 10.78.74.10510.78.74.105
5410.78.74.106/3110.78.74.106 – 10.78.74.10710.78.74.107
5510.78.74.108/3110.78.74.108 – 10.78.74.10910.78.74.109
5610.78.74.110/3110.78.74.110 – 10.78.74.11110.78.74.111
5710.78.74.112/3110.78.74.112 – 10.78.74.11310.78.74.113
5810.78.74.114/3110.78.74.114 – 10.78.74.11510.78.74.115
5910.78.74.116/3110.78.74.116 – 10.78.74.11710.78.74.117
6010.78.74.118/3110.78.74.118 – 10.78.74.11910.78.74.119
6110.78.74.120/3110.78.74.120 – 10.78.74.12110.78.74.121
6210.78.74.122/3110.78.74.122 – 10.78.74.12310.78.74.123
6310.78.74.124/3110.78.74.124 – 10.78.74.12510.78.74.125
6410.78.74.126/3110.78.74.126 – 10.78.74.12710.78.74.127
6510.78.74.128/3110.78.74.128 – 10.78.74.12910.78.74.129
6610.78.74.130/3110.78.74.130 – 10.78.74.13110.78.74.131
6710.78.74.132/3110.78.74.132 – 10.78.74.13310.78.74.133
6810.78.74.134/3110.78.74.134 – 10.78.74.13510.78.74.135
6910.78.74.136/3110.78.74.136 – 10.78.74.13710.78.74.137
7010.78.74.138/3110.78.74.138 – 10.78.74.13910.78.74.139
7110.78.74.140/3110.78.74.140 – 10.78.74.14110.78.74.141
7210.78.74.142/3110.78.74.142 – 10.78.74.14310.78.74.143
7310.78.74.144/3110.78.74.144 – 10.78.74.14510.78.74.145
7410.78.74.146/3110.78.74.146 – 10.78.74.14710.78.74.147
7510.78.74.148/3110.78.74.148 – 10.78.74.14910.78.74.149
7610.78.74.150/3110.78.74.150 – 10.78.74.15110.78.74.151
7710.78.74.152/3110.78.74.152 – 10.78.74.15310.78.74.153
7810.78.74.154/3110.78.74.154 – 10.78.74.15510.78.74.155
7910.78.74.156/3110.78.74.156 – 10.78.74.15710.78.74.157
8010.78.74.158/3110.78.74.158 – 10.78.74.15910.78.74.159
8110.78.74.160/3110.78.74.160 – 10.78.74.16110.78.74.161
8210.78.74.162/3110.78.74.162 – 10.78.74.16310.78.74.163
8310.78.74.164/3110.78.74.164 – 10.78.74.16510.78.74.165
8410.78.74.166/3110.78.74.166 – 10.78.74.16710.78.74.167
8510.78.74.168/3110.78.74.168 – 10.78.74.16910.78.74.169
8610.78.74.170/3110.78.74.170 – 10.78.74.17110.78.74.171
8710.78.74.172/3110.78.74.172 – 10.78.74.17310.78.74.173
8810.78.74.174/3110.78.74.174 – 10.78.74.17510.78.74.175
8910.78.74.176/3110.78.74.176 – 10.78.74.17710.78.74.177
9010.78.74.178/3110.78.74.178 – 10.78.74.17910.78.74.179
9110.78.74.180/3110.78.74.180 – 10.78.74.18110.78.74.181
9210.78.74.182/3110.78.74.182 – 10.78.74.18310.78.74.183
9310.78.74.184/3110.78.74.184 – 10.78.74.18510.78.74.185
9410.78.74.186/3110.78.74.186 – 10.78.74.18710.78.74.187
9510.78.74.188/3110.78.74.188 – 10.78.74.18910.78.74.189
9610.78.74.190/3110.78.74.190 – 10.78.74.19110.78.74.191
9710.78.74.192/3110.78.74.192 – 10.78.74.19310.78.74.193
9810.78.74.194/3110.78.74.194 – 10.78.74.19510.78.74.195
9910.78.74.196/3110.78.74.196 – 10.78.74.19710.78.74.197
10010.78.74.198/3110.78.74.198 – 10.78.74.19910.78.74.199
10110.78.74.200/3110.78.74.200 – 10.78.74.20110.78.74.201
10210.78.74.202/3110.78.74.202 – 10.78.74.20310.78.74.203
10310.78.74.204/3110.78.74.204 – 10.78.74.20510.78.74.205
10410.78.74.206/3110.78.74.206 – 10.78.74.20710.78.74.207
10510.78.74.208/3110.78.74.208 – 10.78.74.20910.78.74.209
10610.78.74.210/3110.78.74.210 – 10.78.74.21110.78.74.211
10710.78.74.212/3110.78.74.212 – 10.78.74.21310.78.74.213
10810.78.74.214/3110.78.74.214 – 10.78.74.21510.78.74.215
10910.78.74.216/3110.78.74.216 – 10.78.74.21710.78.74.217
11010.78.74.218/3110.78.74.218 – 10.78.74.21910.78.74.219
11110.78.74.220/3110.78.74.220 – 10.78.74.22110.78.74.221
11210.78.74.222/3110.78.74.222 – 10.78.74.22310.78.74.223
11310.78.74.224/3110.78.74.224 – 10.78.74.22510.78.74.225
11410.78.74.226/3110.78.74.226 – 10.78.74.22710.78.74.227
11510.78.74.228/3110.78.74.228 – 10.78.74.22910.78.74.229
11610.78.74.230/3110.78.74.230 – 10.78.74.23110.78.74.231
11710.78.74.232/3110.78.74.232 – 10.78.74.23310.78.74.233
11810.78.74.234/3110.78.74.234 – 10.78.74.23510.78.74.235
11910.78.74.236/3110.78.74.236 – 10.78.74.23710.78.74.237
12010.78.74.238/3110.78.74.238 – 10.78.74.23910.78.74.239
12110.78.74.240/3110.78.74.240 – 10.78.74.24110.78.74.241
12210.78.74.242/3110.78.74.242 – 10.78.74.24310.78.74.243
12310.78.74.244/3110.78.74.244 – 10.78.74.24510.78.74.245
12410.78.74.246/3110.78.74.246 – 10.78.74.24710.78.74.247
12510.78.74.248/3110.78.74.248 – 10.78.74.24910.78.74.249
12610.78.74.250/3110.78.74.250 – 10.78.74.25110.78.74.251
12710.78.74.252/3110.78.74.252 – 10.78.74.25310.78.74.253
12810.78.74.254/3110.78.74.254 – 10.78.74.25510.78.74.255
12910.78.75.0/3110.78.75.0 – 10.78.75.110.78.75.1
13010.78.75.2/3110.78.75.2 – 10.78.75.310.78.75.3
13110.78.75.4/3110.78.75.4 – 10.78.75.510.78.75.5
13210.78.75.6/3110.78.75.6 – 10.78.75.710.78.75.7
13310.78.75.8/3110.78.75.8 – 10.78.75.910.78.75.9
13410.78.75.10/3110.78.75.10 – 10.78.75.1110.78.75.11
13510.78.75.12/3110.78.75.12 – 10.78.75.1310.78.75.13
13610.78.75.14/3110.78.75.14 – 10.78.75.1510.78.75.15
13710.78.75.16/3110.78.75.16 – 10.78.75.1710.78.75.17
13810.78.75.18/3110.78.75.18 – 10.78.75.1910.78.75.19
13910.78.75.20/3110.78.75.20 – 10.78.75.2110.78.75.21
14010.78.75.22/3110.78.75.22 – 10.78.75.2310.78.75.23
14110.78.75.24/3110.78.75.24 – 10.78.75.2510.78.75.25
14210.78.75.26/3110.78.75.26 – 10.78.75.2710.78.75.27
14310.78.75.28/3110.78.75.28 – 10.78.75.2910.78.75.29
14410.78.75.30/3110.78.75.30 – 10.78.75.3110.78.75.31
14510.78.75.32/3110.78.75.32 – 10.78.75.3310.78.75.33
14610.78.75.34/3110.78.75.34 – 10.78.75.3510.78.75.35
14710.78.75.36/3110.78.75.36 – 10.78.75.3710.78.75.37
14810.78.75.38/3110.78.75.38 – 10.78.75.3910.78.75.39
14910.78.75.40/3110.78.75.40 – 10.78.75.4110.78.75.41
15010.78.75.42/3110.78.75.42 – 10.78.75.4310.78.75.43
15110.78.75.44/3110.78.75.44 – 10.78.75.4510.78.75.45
15210.78.75.46/3110.78.75.46 – 10.78.75.4710.78.75.47
15310.78.75.48/3110.78.75.48 – 10.78.75.4910.78.75.49
15410.78.75.50/3110.78.75.50 – 10.78.75.5110.78.75.51
15510.78.75.52/3110.78.75.52 – 10.78.75.5310.78.75.53
15610.78.75.54/3110.78.75.54 – 10.78.75.5510.78.75.55
15710.78.75.56/3110.78.75.56 – 10.78.75.5710.78.75.57
15810.78.75.58/3110.78.75.58 – 10.78.75.5910.78.75.59
15910.78.75.60/3110.78.75.60 – 10.78.75.6110.78.75.61
16010.78.75.62/3110.78.75.62 – 10.78.75.6310.78.75.63
16110.78.75.64/3110.78.75.64 – 10.78.75.6510.78.75.65
16210.78.75.66/3110.78.75.66 – 10.78.75.6710.78.75.67
16310.78.75.68/3110.78.75.68 – 10.78.75.6910.78.75.69
16410.78.75.70/3110.78.75.70 – 10.78.75.7110.78.75.71
16510.78.75.72/3110.78.75.72 – 10.78.75.7310.78.75.73
16610.78.75.74/3110.78.75.74 – 10.78.75.7510.78.75.75
16710.78.75.76/3110.78.75.76 – 10.78.75.7710.78.75.77
16810.78.75.78/3110.78.75.78 – 10.78.75.7910.78.75.79
16910.78.75.80/3110.78.75.80 – 10.78.75.8110.78.75.81
17010.78.75.82/3110.78.75.82 – 10.78.75.8310.78.75.83
17110.78.75.84/3110.78.75.84 – 10.78.75.8510.78.75.85
17210.78.75.86/3110.78.75.86 – 10.78.75.8710.78.75.87
17310.78.75.88/3110.78.75.88 – 10.78.75.8910.78.75.89
17410.78.75.90/3110.78.75.90 – 10.78.75.9110.78.75.91
17510.78.75.92/3110.78.75.92 – 10.78.75.9310.78.75.93
17610.78.75.94/3110.78.75.94 – 10.78.75.9510.78.75.95
17710.78.75.96/3110.78.75.96 – 10.78.75.9710.78.75.97
17810.78.75.98/3110.78.75.98 – 10.78.75.9910.78.75.99
17910.78.75.100/3110.78.75.100 – 10.78.75.10110.78.75.101
18010.78.75.102/3110.78.75.102 – 10.78.75.10310.78.75.103
18110.78.75.104/3110.78.75.104 – 10.78.75.10510.78.75.105
18210.78.75.106/3110.78.75.106 – 10.78.75.10710.78.75.107
18310.78.75.108/3110.78.75.108 – 10.78.75.10910.78.75.109
18410.78.75.110/3110.78.75.110 – 10.78.75.11110.78.75.111
18510.78.75.112/3110.78.75.112 – 10.78.75.11310.78.75.113
18610.78.75.114/3110.78.75.114 – 10.78.75.11510.78.75.115
18710.78.75.116/3110.78.75.116 – 10.78.75.11710.78.75.117
18810.78.75.118/3110.78.75.118 – 10.78.75.11910.78.75.119
18910.78.75.120/3110.78.75.120 – 10.78.75.12110.78.75.121
19010.78.75.122/3110.78.75.122 – 10.78.75.12310.78.75.123
19110.78.75.124/3110.78.75.124 – 10.78.75.12510.78.75.125
19210.78.75.126/3110.78.75.126 – 10.78.75.12710.78.75.127
19310.78.75.128/3110.78.75.128 – 10.78.75.12910.78.75.129
19410.78.75.130/3110.78.75.130 – 10.78.75.13110.78.75.131
19510.78.75.132/3110.78.75.132 – 10.78.75.13310.78.75.133
19610.78.75.134/3110.78.75.134 – 10.78.75.13510.78.75.135
19710.78.75.136/3110.78.75.136 – 10.78.75.13710.78.75.137
19810.78.75.138/3110.78.75.138 – 10.78.75.13910.78.75.139
19910.78.75.140/3110.78.75.140 – 10.78.75.14110.78.75.141
20010.78.75.142/3110.78.75.142 – 10.78.75.14310.78.75.143
20110.78.75.144/3110.78.75.144 – 10.78.75.14510.78.75.145
20210.78.75.146/3110.78.75.146 – 10.78.75.14710.78.75.147
20310.78.75.148/3110.78.75.148 – 10.78.75.14910.78.75.149
20410.78.75.150/3110.78.75.150 – 10.78.75.15110.78.75.151
20510.78.75.152/3110.78.75.152 – 10.78.75.15310.78.75.153
20610.78.75.154/3110.78.75.154 – 10.78.75.15510.78.75.155
20710.78.75.156/3110.78.75.156 – 10.78.75.15710.78.75.157
20810.78.75.158/3110.78.75.158 – 10.78.75.15910.78.75.159
20910.78.75.160/3110.78.75.160 – 10.78.75.16110.78.75.161
21010.78.75.162/3110.78.75.162 – 10.78.75.16310.78.75.163
21110.78.75.164/3110.78.75.164 – 10.78.75.16510.78.75.165
21210.78.75.166/3110.78.75.166 – 10.78.75.16710.78.75.167
21310.78.75.168/3110.78.75.168 – 10.78.75.16910.78.75.169
21410.78.75.170/3110.78.75.170 – 10.78.75.17110.78.75.171
21510.78.75.172/3110.78.75.172 – 10.78.75.17310.78.75.173
21610.78.75.174/3110.78.75.174 – 10.78.75.17510.78.75.175
21710.78.75.176/3110.78.75.176 – 10.78.75.17710.78.75.177
21810.78.75.178/3110.78.75.178 – 10.78.75.17910.78.75.179
21910.78.75.180/3110.78.75.180 – 10.78.75.18110.78.75.181
22010.78.75.182/3110.78.75.182 – 10.78.75.18310.78.75.183
22110.78.75.184/3110.78.75.184 – 10.78.75.18510.78.75.185
22210.78.75.186/3110.78.75.186 – 10.78.75.18710.78.75.187
22310.78.75.188/3110.78.75.188 – 10.78.75.18910.78.75.189
22410.78.75.190/3110.78.75.190 – 10.78.75.19110.78.75.191
22510.78.75.192/3110.78.75.192 – 10.78.75.19310.78.75.193
22610.78.75.194/3110.78.75.194 – 10.78.75.19510.78.75.195
22710.78.75.196/3110.78.75.196 – 10.78.75.19710.78.75.197
22810.78.75.198/3110.78.75.198 – 10.78.75.19910.78.75.199
22910.78.75.200/3110.78.75.200 – 10.78.75.20110.78.75.201
23010.78.75.202/3110.78.75.202 – 10.78.75.20310.78.75.203
23110.78.75.204/3110.78.75.204 – 10.78.75.20510.78.75.205
23210.78.75.206/3110.78.75.206 – 10.78.75.20710.78.75.207
23310.78.75.208/3110.78.75.208 – 10.78.75.20910.78.75.209
23410.78.75.210/3110.78.75.210 – 10.78.75.21110.78.75.211
23510.78.75.212/3110.78.75.212 – 10.78.75.21310.78.75.213
23610.78.75.214/3110.78.75.214 – 10.78.75.21510.78.75.215
23710.78.75.216/3110.78.75.216 – 10.78.75.21710.78.75.217
23810.78.75.218/3110.78.75.218 – 10.78.75.21910.78.75.219
23910.78.75.220/3110.78.75.220 – 10.78.75.22110.78.75.221
24010.78.75.222/3110.78.75.222 – 10.78.75.22310.78.75.223
24110.78.75.224/3110.78.75.224 – 10.78.75.22510.78.75.225
24210.78.75.226/3110.78.75.226 – 10.78.75.22710.78.75.227
24310.78.75.228/3110.78.75.228 – 10.78.75.22910.78.75.229
24410.78.75.230/3110.78.75.230 – 10.78.75.23110.78.75.231
24510.78.75.232/3110.78.75.232 – 10.78.75.23310.78.75.233
24610.78.75.234/3110.78.75.234 – 10.78.75.23510.78.75.235
24710.78.75.236/3110.78.75.236 – 10.78.75.23710.78.75.237
24810.78.75.238/3110.78.75.238 – 10.78.75.23910.78.75.239
24910.78.75.240/3110.78.75.240 – 10.78.75.24110.78.75.241
25010.78.75.242/3110.78.75.242 – 10.78.75.24310.78.75.243
25110.78.75.244/3110.78.75.244 – 10.78.75.24510.78.75.245
25210.78.75.246/3110.78.75.246 – 10.78.75.24710.78.75.247
25310.78.75.248/3110.78.75.248 – 10.78.75.24910.78.75.249
25410.78.75.250/3110.78.75.250 – 10.78.75.25110.78.75.251
25510.78.75.252/3110.78.75.252 – 10.78.75.25310.78.75.253
25610.78.75.254/3110.78.75.254 – 10.78.75.25510.78.75.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →