ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.6.0/23
network10.78.6.0/23
broadcast10.78.7.255
first host10.78.6.1
last host10.78.7.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.78.6.0/23
address00001010.01001110.00000110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001110.00000110.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.00000111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e0600
decimal172885504
reverse dns0.6.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:600

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.6.0/3110.78.6.0 – 10.78.6.110.78.6.1
210.78.6.2/3110.78.6.2 – 10.78.6.310.78.6.3
310.78.6.4/3110.78.6.4 – 10.78.6.510.78.6.5
410.78.6.6/3110.78.6.6 – 10.78.6.710.78.6.7
510.78.6.8/3110.78.6.8 – 10.78.6.910.78.6.9
610.78.6.10/3110.78.6.10 – 10.78.6.1110.78.6.11
710.78.6.12/3110.78.6.12 – 10.78.6.1310.78.6.13
810.78.6.14/3110.78.6.14 – 10.78.6.1510.78.6.15
910.78.6.16/3110.78.6.16 – 10.78.6.1710.78.6.17
1010.78.6.18/3110.78.6.18 – 10.78.6.1910.78.6.19
1110.78.6.20/3110.78.6.20 – 10.78.6.2110.78.6.21
1210.78.6.22/3110.78.6.22 – 10.78.6.2310.78.6.23
1310.78.6.24/3110.78.6.24 – 10.78.6.2510.78.6.25
1410.78.6.26/3110.78.6.26 – 10.78.6.2710.78.6.27
1510.78.6.28/3110.78.6.28 – 10.78.6.2910.78.6.29
1610.78.6.30/3110.78.6.30 – 10.78.6.3110.78.6.31
1710.78.6.32/3110.78.6.32 – 10.78.6.3310.78.6.33
1810.78.6.34/3110.78.6.34 – 10.78.6.3510.78.6.35
1910.78.6.36/3110.78.6.36 – 10.78.6.3710.78.6.37
2010.78.6.38/3110.78.6.38 – 10.78.6.3910.78.6.39
2110.78.6.40/3110.78.6.40 – 10.78.6.4110.78.6.41
2210.78.6.42/3110.78.6.42 – 10.78.6.4310.78.6.43
2310.78.6.44/3110.78.6.44 – 10.78.6.4510.78.6.45
2410.78.6.46/3110.78.6.46 – 10.78.6.4710.78.6.47
2510.78.6.48/3110.78.6.48 – 10.78.6.4910.78.6.49
2610.78.6.50/3110.78.6.50 – 10.78.6.5110.78.6.51
2710.78.6.52/3110.78.6.52 – 10.78.6.5310.78.6.53
2810.78.6.54/3110.78.6.54 – 10.78.6.5510.78.6.55
2910.78.6.56/3110.78.6.56 – 10.78.6.5710.78.6.57
3010.78.6.58/3110.78.6.58 – 10.78.6.5910.78.6.59
3110.78.6.60/3110.78.6.60 – 10.78.6.6110.78.6.61
3210.78.6.62/3110.78.6.62 – 10.78.6.6310.78.6.63
3310.78.6.64/3110.78.6.64 – 10.78.6.6510.78.6.65
3410.78.6.66/3110.78.6.66 – 10.78.6.6710.78.6.67
3510.78.6.68/3110.78.6.68 – 10.78.6.6910.78.6.69
3610.78.6.70/3110.78.6.70 – 10.78.6.7110.78.6.71
3710.78.6.72/3110.78.6.72 – 10.78.6.7310.78.6.73
3810.78.6.74/3110.78.6.74 – 10.78.6.7510.78.6.75
3910.78.6.76/3110.78.6.76 – 10.78.6.7710.78.6.77
4010.78.6.78/3110.78.6.78 – 10.78.6.7910.78.6.79
4110.78.6.80/3110.78.6.80 – 10.78.6.8110.78.6.81
4210.78.6.82/3110.78.6.82 – 10.78.6.8310.78.6.83
4310.78.6.84/3110.78.6.84 – 10.78.6.8510.78.6.85
4410.78.6.86/3110.78.6.86 – 10.78.6.8710.78.6.87
4510.78.6.88/3110.78.6.88 – 10.78.6.8910.78.6.89
4610.78.6.90/3110.78.6.90 – 10.78.6.9110.78.6.91
4710.78.6.92/3110.78.6.92 – 10.78.6.9310.78.6.93
4810.78.6.94/3110.78.6.94 – 10.78.6.9510.78.6.95
4910.78.6.96/3110.78.6.96 – 10.78.6.9710.78.6.97
5010.78.6.98/3110.78.6.98 – 10.78.6.9910.78.6.99
5110.78.6.100/3110.78.6.100 – 10.78.6.10110.78.6.101
5210.78.6.102/3110.78.6.102 – 10.78.6.10310.78.6.103
5310.78.6.104/3110.78.6.104 – 10.78.6.10510.78.6.105
5410.78.6.106/3110.78.6.106 – 10.78.6.10710.78.6.107
5510.78.6.108/3110.78.6.108 – 10.78.6.10910.78.6.109
5610.78.6.110/3110.78.6.110 – 10.78.6.11110.78.6.111
5710.78.6.112/3110.78.6.112 – 10.78.6.11310.78.6.113
5810.78.6.114/3110.78.6.114 – 10.78.6.11510.78.6.115
5910.78.6.116/3110.78.6.116 – 10.78.6.11710.78.6.117
6010.78.6.118/3110.78.6.118 – 10.78.6.11910.78.6.119
6110.78.6.120/3110.78.6.120 – 10.78.6.12110.78.6.121
6210.78.6.122/3110.78.6.122 – 10.78.6.12310.78.6.123
6310.78.6.124/3110.78.6.124 – 10.78.6.12510.78.6.125
6410.78.6.126/3110.78.6.126 – 10.78.6.12710.78.6.127
6510.78.6.128/3110.78.6.128 – 10.78.6.12910.78.6.129
6610.78.6.130/3110.78.6.130 – 10.78.6.13110.78.6.131
6710.78.6.132/3110.78.6.132 – 10.78.6.13310.78.6.133
6810.78.6.134/3110.78.6.134 – 10.78.6.13510.78.6.135
6910.78.6.136/3110.78.6.136 – 10.78.6.13710.78.6.137
7010.78.6.138/3110.78.6.138 – 10.78.6.13910.78.6.139
7110.78.6.140/3110.78.6.140 – 10.78.6.14110.78.6.141
7210.78.6.142/3110.78.6.142 – 10.78.6.14310.78.6.143
7310.78.6.144/3110.78.6.144 – 10.78.6.14510.78.6.145
7410.78.6.146/3110.78.6.146 – 10.78.6.14710.78.6.147
7510.78.6.148/3110.78.6.148 – 10.78.6.14910.78.6.149
7610.78.6.150/3110.78.6.150 – 10.78.6.15110.78.6.151
7710.78.6.152/3110.78.6.152 – 10.78.6.15310.78.6.153
7810.78.6.154/3110.78.6.154 – 10.78.6.15510.78.6.155
7910.78.6.156/3110.78.6.156 – 10.78.6.15710.78.6.157
8010.78.6.158/3110.78.6.158 – 10.78.6.15910.78.6.159
8110.78.6.160/3110.78.6.160 – 10.78.6.16110.78.6.161
8210.78.6.162/3110.78.6.162 – 10.78.6.16310.78.6.163
8310.78.6.164/3110.78.6.164 – 10.78.6.16510.78.6.165
8410.78.6.166/3110.78.6.166 – 10.78.6.16710.78.6.167
8510.78.6.168/3110.78.6.168 – 10.78.6.16910.78.6.169
8610.78.6.170/3110.78.6.170 – 10.78.6.17110.78.6.171
8710.78.6.172/3110.78.6.172 – 10.78.6.17310.78.6.173
8810.78.6.174/3110.78.6.174 – 10.78.6.17510.78.6.175
8910.78.6.176/3110.78.6.176 – 10.78.6.17710.78.6.177
9010.78.6.178/3110.78.6.178 – 10.78.6.17910.78.6.179
9110.78.6.180/3110.78.6.180 – 10.78.6.18110.78.6.181
9210.78.6.182/3110.78.6.182 – 10.78.6.18310.78.6.183
9310.78.6.184/3110.78.6.184 – 10.78.6.18510.78.6.185
9410.78.6.186/3110.78.6.186 – 10.78.6.18710.78.6.187
9510.78.6.188/3110.78.6.188 – 10.78.6.18910.78.6.189
9610.78.6.190/3110.78.6.190 – 10.78.6.19110.78.6.191
9710.78.6.192/3110.78.6.192 – 10.78.6.19310.78.6.193
9810.78.6.194/3110.78.6.194 – 10.78.6.19510.78.6.195
9910.78.6.196/3110.78.6.196 – 10.78.6.19710.78.6.197
10010.78.6.198/3110.78.6.198 – 10.78.6.19910.78.6.199
10110.78.6.200/3110.78.6.200 – 10.78.6.20110.78.6.201
10210.78.6.202/3110.78.6.202 – 10.78.6.20310.78.6.203
10310.78.6.204/3110.78.6.204 – 10.78.6.20510.78.6.205
10410.78.6.206/3110.78.6.206 – 10.78.6.20710.78.6.207
10510.78.6.208/3110.78.6.208 – 10.78.6.20910.78.6.209
10610.78.6.210/3110.78.6.210 – 10.78.6.21110.78.6.211
10710.78.6.212/3110.78.6.212 – 10.78.6.21310.78.6.213
10810.78.6.214/3110.78.6.214 – 10.78.6.21510.78.6.215
10910.78.6.216/3110.78.6.216 – 10.78.6.21710.78.6.217
11010.78.6.218/3110.78.6.218 – 10.78.6.21910.78.6.219
11110.78.6.220/3110.78.6.220 – 10.78.6.22110.78.6.221
11210.78.6.222/3110.78.6.222 – 10.78.6.22310.78.6.223
11310.78.6.224/3110.78.6.224 – 10.78.6.22510.78.6.225
11410.78.6.226/3110.78.6.226 – 10.78.6.22710.78.6.227
11510.78.6.228/3110.78.6.228 – 10.78.6.22910.78.6.229
11610.78.6.230/3110.78.6.230 – 10.78.6.23110.78.6.231
11710.78.6.232/3110.78.6.232 – 10.78.6.23310.78.6.233
11810.78.6.234/3110.78.6.234 – 10.78.6.23510.78.6.235
11910.78.6.236/3110.78.6.236 – 10.78.6.23710.78.6.237
12010.78.6.238/3110.78.6.238 – 10.78.6.23910.78.6.239
12110.78.6.240/3110.78.6.240 – 10.78.6.24110.78.6.241
12210.78.6.242/3110.78.6.242 – 10.78.6.24310.78.6.243
12310.78.6.244/3110.78.6.244 – 10.78.6.24510.78.6.245
12410.78.6.246/3110.78.6.246 – 10.78.6.24710.78.6.247
12510.78.6.248/3110.78.6.248 – 10.78.6.24910.78.6.249
12610.78.6.250/3110.78.6.250 – 10.78.6.25110.78.6.251
12710.78.6.252/3110.78.6.252 – 10.78.6.25310.78.6.253
12810.78.6.254/3110.78.6.254 – 10.78.6.25510.78.6.255
12910.78.7.0/3110.78.7.0 – 10.78.7.110.78.7.1
13010.78.7.2/3110.78.7.2 – 10.78.7.310.78.7.3
13110.78.7.4/3110.78.7.4 – 10.78.7.510.78.7.5
13210.78.7.6/3110.78.7.6 – 10.78.7.710.78.7.7
13310.78.7.8/3110.78.7.8 – 10.78.7.910.78.7.9
13410.78.7.10/3110.78.7.10 – 10.78.7.1110.78.7.11
13510.78.7.12/3110.78.7.12 – 10.78.7.1310.78.7.13
13610.78.7.14/3110.78.7.14 – 10.78.7.1510.78.7.15
13710.78.7.16/3110.78.7.16 – 10.78.7.1710.78.7.17
13810.78.7.18/3110.78.7.18 – 10.78.7.1910.78.7.19
13910.78.7.20/3110.78.7.20 – 10.78.7.2110.78.7.21
14010.78.7.22/3110.78.7.22 – 10.78.7.2310.78.7.23
14110.78.7.24/3110.78.7.24 – 10.78.7.2510.78.7.25
14210.78.7.26/3110.78.7.26 – 10.78.7.2710.78.7.27
14310.78.7.28/3110.78.7.28 – 10.78.7.2910.78.7.29
14410.78.7.30/3110.78.7.30 – 10.78.7.3110.78.7.31
14510.78.7.32/3110.78.7.32 – 10.78.7.3310.78.7.33
14610.78.7.34/3110.78.7.34 – 10.78.7.3510.78.7.35
14710.78.7.36/3110.78.7.36 – 10.78.7.3710.78.7.37
14810.78.7.38/3110.78.7.38 – 10.78.7.3910.78.7.39
14910.78.7.40/3110.78.7.40 – 10.78.7.4110.78.7.41
15010.78.7.42/3110.78.7.42 – 10.78.7.4310.78.7.43
15110.78.7.44/3110.78.7.44 – 10.78.7.4510.78.7.45
15210.78.7.46/3110.78.7.46 – 10.78.7.4710.78.7.47
15310.78.7.48/3110.78.7.48 – 10.78.7.4910.78.7.49
15410.78.7.50/3110.78.7.50 – 10.78.7.5110.78.7.51
15510.78.7.52/3110.78.7.52 – 10.78.7.5310.78.7.53
15610.78.7.54/3110.78.7.54 – 10.78.7.5510.78.7.55
15710.78.7.56/3110.78.7.56 – 10.78.7.5710.78.7.57
15810.78.7.58/3110.78.7.58 – 10.78.7.5910.78.7.59
15910.78.7.60/3110.78.7.60 – 10.78.7.6110.78.7.61
16010.78.7.62/3110.78.7.62 – 10.78.7.6310.78.7.63
16110.78.7.64/3110.78.7.64 – 10.78.7.6510.78.7.65
16210.78.7.66/3110.78.7.66 – 10.78.7.6710.78.7.67
16310.78.7.68/3110.78.7.68 – 10.78.7.6910.78.7.69
16410.78.7.70/3110.78.7.70 – 10.78.7.7110.78.7.71
16510.78.7.72/3110.78.7.72 – 10.78.7.7310.78.7.73
16610.78.7.74/3110.78.7.74 – 10.78.7.7510.78.7.75
16710.78.7.76/3110.78.7.76 – 10.78.7.7710.78.7.77
16810.78.7.78/3110.78.7.78 – 10.78.7.7910.78.7.79
16910.78.7.80/3110.78.7.80 – 10.78.7.8110.78.7.81
17010.78.7.82/3110.78.7.82 – 10.78.7.8310.78.7.83
17110.78.7.84/3110.78.7.84 – 10.78.7.8510.78.7.85
17210.78.7.86/3110.78.7.86 – 10.78.7.8710.78.7.87
17310.78.7.88/3110.78.7.88 – 10.78.7.8910.78.7.89
17410.78.7.90/3110.78.7.90 – 10.78.7.9110.78.7.91
17510.78.7.92/3110.78.7.92 – 10.78.7.9310.78.7.93
17610.78.7.94/3110.78.7.94 – 10.78.7.9510.78.7.95
17710.78.7.96/3110.78.7.96 – 10.78.7.9710.78.7.97
17810.78.7.98/3110.78.7.98 – 10.78.7.9910.78.7.99
17910.78.7.100/3110.78.7.100 – 10.78.7.10110.78.7.101
18010.78.7.102/3110.78.7.102 – 10.78.7.10310.78.7.103
18110.78.7.104/3110.78.7.104 – 10.78.7.10510.78.7.105
18210.78.7.106/3110.78.7.106 – 10.78.7.10710.78.7.107
18310.78.7.108/3110.78.7.108 – 10.78.7.10910.78.7.109
18410.78.7.110/3110.78.7.110 – 10.78.7.11110.78.7.111
18510.78.7.112/3110.78.7.112 – 10.78.7.11310.78.7.113
18610.78.7.114/3110.78.7.114 – 10.78.7.11510.78.7.115
18710.78.7.116/3110.78.7.116 – 10.78.7.11710.78.7.117
18810.78.7.118/3110.78.7.118 – 10.78.7.11910.78.7.119
18910.78.7.120/3110.78.7.120 – 10.78.7.12110.78.7.121
19010.78.7.122/3110.78.7.122 – 10.78.7.12310.78.7.123
19110.78.7.124/3110.78.7.124 – 10.78.7.12510.78.7.125
19210.78.7.126/3110.78.7.126 – 10.78.7.12710.78.7.127
19310.78.7.128/3110.78.7.128 – 10.78.7.12910.78.7.129
19410.78.7.130/3110.78.7.130 – 10.78.7.13110.78.7.131
19510.78.7.132/3110.78.7.132 – 10.78.7.13310.78.7.133
19610.78.7.134/3110.78.7.134 – 10.78.7.13510.78.7.135
19710.78.7.136/3110.78.7.136 – 10.78.7.13710.78.7.137
19810.78.7.138/3110.78.7.138 – 10.78.7.13910.78.7.139
19910.78.7.140/3110.78.7.140 – 10.78.7.14110.78.7.141
20010.78.7.142/3110.78.7.142 – 10.78.7.14310.78.7.143
20110.78.7.144/3110.78.7.144 – 10.78.7.14510.78.7.145
20210.78.7.146/3110.78.7.146 – 10.78.7.14710.78.7.147
20310.78.7.148/3110.78.7.148 – 10.78.7.14910.78.7.149
20410.78.7.150/3110.78.7.150 – 10.78.7.15110.78.7.151
20510.78.7.152/3110.78.7.152 – 10.78.7.15310.78.7.153
20610.78.7.154/3110.78.7.154 – 10.78.7.15510.78.7.155
20710.78.7.156/3110.78.7.156 – 10.78.7.15710.78.7.157
20810.78.7.158/3110.78.7.158 – 10.78.7.15910.78.7.159
20910.78.7.160/3110.78.7.160 – 10.78.7.16110.78.7.161
21010.78.7.162/3110.78.7.162 – 10.78.7.16310.78.7.163
21110.78.7.164/3110.78.7.164 – 10.78.7.16510.78.7.165
21210.78.7.166/3110.78.7.166 – 10.78.7.16710.78.7.167
21310.78.7.168/3110.78.7.168 – 10.78.7.16910.78.7.169
21410.78.7.170/3110.78.7.170 – 10.78.7.17110.78.7.171
21510.78.7.172/3110.78.7.172 – 10.78.7.17310.78.7.173
21610.78.7.174/3110.78.7.174 – 10.78.7.17510.78.7.175
21710.78.7.176/3110.78.7.176 – 10.78.7.17710.78.7.177
21810.78.7.178/3110.78.7.178 – 10.78.7.17910.78.7.179
21910.78.7.180/3110.78.7.180 – 10.78.7.18110.78.7.181
22010.78.7.182/3110.78.7.182 – 10.78.7.18310.78.7.183
22110.78.7.184/3110.78.7.184 – 10.78.7.18510.78.7.185
22210.78.7.186/3110.78.7.186 – 10.78.7.18710.78.7.187
22310.78.7.188/3110.78.7.188 – 10.78.7.18910.78.7.189
22410.78.7.190/3110.78.7.190 – 10.78.7.19110.78.7.191
22510.78.7.192/3110.78.7.192 – 10.78.7.19310.78.7.193
22610.78.7.194/3110.78.7.194 – 10.78.7.19510.78.7.195
22710.78.7.196/3110.78.7.196 – 10.78.7.19710.78.7.197
22810.78.7.198/3110.78.7.198 – 10.78.7.19910.78.7.199
22910.78.7.200/3110.78.7.200 – 10.78.7.20110.78.7.201
23010.78.7.202/3110.78.7.202 – 10.78.7.20310.78.7.203
23110.78.7.204/3110.78.7.204 – 10.78.7.20510.78.7.205
23210.78.7.206/3110.78.7.206 – 10.78.7.20710.78.7.207
23310.78.7.208/3110.78.7.208 – 10.78.7.20910.78.7.209
23410.78.7.210/3110.78.7.210 – 10.78.7.21110.78.7.211
23510.78.7.212/3110.78.7.212 – 10.78.7.21310.78.7.213
23610.78.7.214/3110.78.7.214 – 10.78.7.21510.78.7.215
23710.78.7.216/3110.78.7.216 – 10.78.7.21710.78.7.217
23810.78.7.218/3110.78.7.218 – 10.78.7.21910.78.7.219
23910.78.7.220/3110.78.7.220 – 10.78.7.22110.78.7.221
24010.78.7.222/3110.78.7.222 – 10.78.7.22310.78.7.223
24110.78.7.224/3110.78.7.224 – 10.78.7.22510.78.7.225
24210.78.7.226/3110.78.7.226 – 10.78.7.22710.78.7.227
24310.78.7.228/3110.78.7.228 – 10.78.7.22910.78.7.229
24410.78.7.230/3110.78.7.230 – 10.78.7.23110.78.7.231
24510.78.7.232/3110.78.7.232 – 10.78.7.23310.78.7.233
24610.78.7.234/3110.78.7.234 – 10.78.7.23510.78.7.235
24710.78.7.236/3110.78.7.236 – 10.78.7.23710.78.7.237
24810.78.7.238/3110.78.7.238 – 10.78.7.23910.78.7.239
24910.78.7.240/3110.78.7.240 – 10.78.7.24110.78.7.241
25010.78.7.242/3110.78.7.242 – 10.78.7.24310.78.7.243
25110.78.7.244/3110.78.7.244 – 10.78.7.24510.78.7.245
25210.78.7.246/3110.78.7.246 – 10.78.7.24710.78.7.247
25310.78.7.248/3110.78.7.248 – 10.78.7.24910.78.7.249
25410.78.7.250/3110.78.7.250 – 10.78.7.25110.78.7.251
25510.78.7.252/3110.78.7.252 – 10.78.7.25310.78.7.253
25610.78.7.254/3110.78.7.254 – 10.78.7.25510.78.7.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →