ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.58.0/23
network10.78.58.0/23
broadcast10.78.59.255
first host10.78.58.1
last host10.78.59.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.78.58.0/23
address00001010.01001110.00111010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001110.00111010.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.00111011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e3a00
decimal172898816
reverse dns0.58.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:3a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.58.0/3110.78.58.0 – 10.78.58.110.78.58.1
210.78.58.2/3110.78.58.2 – 10.78.58.310.78.58.3
310.78.58.4/3110.78.58.4 – 10.78.58.510.78.58.5
410.78.58.6/3110.78.58.6 – 10.78.58.710.78.58.7
510.78.58.8/3110.78.58.8 – 10.78.58.910.78.58.9
610.78.58.10/3110.78.58.10 – 10.78.58.1110.78.58.11
710.78.58.12/3110.78.58.12 – 10.78.58.1310.78.58.13
810.78.58.14/3110.78.58.14 – 10.78.58.1510.78.58.15
910.78.58.16/3110.78.58.16 – 10.78.58.1710.78.58.17
1010.78.58.18/3110.78.58.18 – 10.78.58.1910.78.58.19
1110.78.58.20/3110.78.58.20 – 10.78.58.2110.78.58.21
1210.78.58.22/3110.78.58.22 – 10.78.58.2310.78.58.23
1310.78.58.24/3110.78.58.24 – 10.78.58.2510.78.58.25
1410.78.58.26/3110.78.58.26 – 10.78.58.2710.78.58.27
1510.78.58.28/3110.78.58.28 – 10.78.58.2910.78.58.29
1610.78.58.30/3110.78.58.30 – 10.78.58.3110.78.58.31
1710.78.58.32/3110.78.58.32 – 10.78.58.3310.78.58.33
1810.78.58.34/3110.78.58.34 – 10.78.58.3510.78.58.35
1910.78.58.36/3110.78.58.36 – 10.78.58.3710.78.58.37
2010.78.58.38/3110.78.58.38 – 10.78.58.3910.78.58.39
2110.78.58.40/3110.78.58.40 – 10.78.58.4110.78.58.41
2210.78.58.42/3110.78.58.42 – 10.78.58.4310.78.58.43
2310.78.58.44/3110.78.58.44 – 10.78.58.4510.78.58.45
2410.78.58.46/3110.78.58.46 – 10.78.58.4710.78.58.47
2510.78.58.48/3110.78.58.48 – 10.78.58.4910.78.58.49
2610.78.58.50/3110.78.58.50 – 10.78.58.5110.78.58.51
2710.78.58.52/3110.78.58.52 – 10.78.58.5310.78.58.53
2810.78.58.54/3110.78.58.54 – 10.78.58.5510.78.58.55
2910.78.58.56/3110.78.58.56 – 10.78.58.5710.78.58.57
3010.78.58.58/3110.78.58.58 – 10.78.58.5910.78.58.59
3110.78.58.60/3110.78.58.60 – 10.78.58.6110.78.58.61
3210.78.58.62/3110.78.58.62 – 10.78.58.6310.78.58.63
3310.78.58.64/3110.78.58.64 – 10.78.58.6510.78.58.65
3410.78.58.66/3110.78.58.66 – 10.78.58.6710.78.58.67
3510.78.58.68/3110.78.58.68 – 10.78.58.6910.78.58.69
3610.78.58.70/3110.78.58.70 – 10.78.58.7110.78.58.71
3710.78.58.72/3110.78.58.72 – 10.78.58.7310.78.58.73
3810.78.58.74/3110.78.58.74 – 10.78.58.7510.78.58.75
3910.78.58.76/3110.78.58.76 – 10.78.58.7710.78.58.77
4010.78.58.78/3110.78.58.78 – 10.78.58.7910.78.58.79
4110.78.58.80/3110.78.58.80 – 10.78.58.8110.78.58.81
4210.78.58.82/3110.78.58.82 – 10.78.58.8310.78.58.83
4310.78.58.84/3110.78.58.84 – 10.78.58.8510.78.58.85
4410.78.58.86/3110.78.58.86 – 10.78.58.8710.78.58.87
4510.78.58.88/3110.78.58.88 – 10.78.58.8910.78.58.89
4610.78.58.90/3110.78.58.90 – 10.78.58.9110.78.58.91
4710.78.58.92/3110.78.58.92 – 10.78.58.9310.78.58.93
4810.78.58.94/3110.78.58.94 – 10.78.58.9510.78.58.95
4910.78.58.96/3110.78.58.96 – 10.78.58.9710.78.58.97
5010.78.58.98/3110.78.58.98 – 10.78.58.9910.78.58.99
5110.78.58.100/3110.78.58.100 – 10.78.58.10110.78.58.101
5210.78.58.102/3110.78.58.102 – 10.78.58.10310.78.58.103
5310.78.58.104/3110.78.58.104 – 10.78.58.10510.78.58.105
5410.78.58.106/3110.78.58.106 – 10.78.58.10710.78.58.107
5510.78.58.108/3110.78.58.108 – 10.78.58.10910.78.58.109
5610.78.58.110/3110.78.58.110 – 10.78.58.11110.78.58.111
5710.78.58.112/3110.78.58.112 – 10.78.58.11310.78.58.113
5810.78.58.114/3110.78.58.114 – 10.78.58.11510.78.58.115
5910.78.58.116/3110.78.58.116 – 10.78.58.11710.78.58.117
6010.78.58.118/3110.78.58.118 – 10.78.58.11910.78.58.119
6110.78.58.120/3110.78.58.120 – 10.78.58.12110.78.58.121
6210.78.58.122/3110.78.58.122 – 10.78.58.12310.78.58.123
6310.78.58.124/3110.78.58.124 – 10.78.58.12510.78.58.125
6410.78.58.126/3110.78.58.126 – 10.78.58.12710.78.58.127
6510.78.58.128/3110.78.58.128 – 10.78.58.12910.78.58.129
6610.78.58.130/3110.78.58.130 – 10.78.58.13110.78.58.131
6710.78.58.132/3110.78.58.132 – 10.78.58.13310.78.58.133
6810.78.58.134/3110.78.58.134 – 10.78.58.13510.78.58.135
6910.78.58.136/3110.78.58.136 – 10.78.58.13710.78.58.137
7010.78.58.138/3110.78.58.138 – 10.78.58.13910.78.58.139
7110.78.58.140/3110.78.58.140 – 10.78.58.14110.78.58.141
7210.78.58.142/3110.78.58.142 – 10.78.58.14310.78.58.143
7310.78.58.144/3110.78.58.144 – 10.78.58.14510.78.58.145
7410.78.58.146/3110.78.58.146 – 10.78.58.14710.78.58.147
7510.78.58.148/3110.78.58.148 – 10.78.58.14910.78.58.149
7610.78.58.150/3110.78.58.150 – 10.78.58.15110.78.58.151
7710.78.58.152/3110.78.58.152 – 10.78.58.15310.78.58.153
7810.78.58.154/3110.78.58.154 – 10.78.58.15510.78.58.155
7910.78.58.156/3110.78.58.156 – 10.78.58.15710.78.58.157
8010.78.58.158/3110.78.58.158 – 10.78.58.15910.78.58.159
8110.78.58.160/3110.78.58.160 – 10.78.58.16110.78.58.161
8210.78.58.162/3110.78.58.162 – 10.78.58.16310.78.58.163
8310.78.58.164/3110.78.58.164 – 10.78.58.16510.78.58.165
8410.78.58.166/3110.78.58.166 – 10.78.58.16710.78.58.167
8510.78.58.168/3110.78.58.168 – 10.78.58.16910.78.58.169
8610.78.58.170/3110.78.58.170 – 10.78.58.17110.78.58.171
8710.78.58.172/3110.78.58.172 – 10.78.58.17310.78.58.173
8810.78.58.174/3110.78.58.174 – 10.78.58.17510.78.58.175
8910.78.58.176/3110.78.58.176 – 10.78.58.17710.78.58.177
9010.78.58.178/3110.78.58.178 – 10.78.58.17910.78.58.179
9110.78.58.180/3110.78.58.180 – 10.78.58.18110.78.58.181
9210.78.58.182/3110.78.58.182 – 10.78.58.18310.78.58.183
9310.78.58.184/3110.78.58.184 – 10.78.58.18510.78.58.185
9410.78.58.186/3110.78.58.186 – 10.78.58.18710.78.58.187
9510.78.58.188/3110.78.58.188 – 10.78.58.18910.78.58.189
9610.78.58.190/3110.78.58.190 – 10.78.58.19110.78.58.191
9710.78.58.192/3110.78.58.192 – 10.78.58.19310.78.58.193
9810.78.58.194/3110.78.58.194 – 10.78.58.19510.78.58.195
9910.78.58.196/3110.78.58.196 – 10.78.58.19710.78.58.197
10010.78.58.198/3110.78.58.198 – 10.78.58.19910.78.58.199
10110.78.58.200/3110.78.58.200 – 10.78.58.20110.78.58.201
10210.78.58.202/3110.78.58.202 – 10.78.58.20310.78.58.203
10310.78.58.204/3110.78.58.204 – 10.78.58.20510.78.58.205
10410.78.58.206/3110.78.58.206 – 10.78.58.20710.78.58.207
10510.78.58.208/3110.78.58.208 – 10.78.58.20910.78.58.209
10610.78.58.210/3110.78.58.210 – 10.78.58.21110.78.58.211
10710.78.58.212/3110.78.58.212 – 10.78.58.21310.78.58.213
10810.78.58.214/3110.78.58.214 – 10.78.58.21510.78.58.215
10910.78.58.216/3110.78.58.216 – 10.78.58.21710.78.58.217
11010.78.58.218/3110.78.58.218 – 10.78.58.21910.78.58.219
11110.78.58.220/3110.78.58.220 – 10.78.58.22110.78.58.221
11210.78.58.222/3110.78.58.222 – 10.78.58.22310.78.58.223
11310.78.58.224/3110.78.58.224 – 10.78.58.22510.78.58.225
11410.78.58.226/3110.78.58.226 – 10.78.58.22710.78.58.227
11510.78.58.228/3110.78.58.228 – 10.78.58.22910.78.58.229
11610.78.58.230/3110.78.58.230 – 10.78.58.23110.78.58.231
11710.78.58.232/3110.78.58.232 – 10.78.58.23310.78.58.233
11810.78.58.234/3110.78.58.234 – 10.78.58.23510.78.58.235
11910.78.58.236/3110.78.58.236 – 10.78.58.23710.78.58.237
12010.78.58.238/3110.78.58.238 – 10.78.58.23910.78.58.239
12110.78.58.240/3110.78.58.240 – 10.78.58.24110.78.58.241
12210.78.58.242/3110.78.58.242 – 10.78.58.24310.78.58.243
12310.78.58.244/3110.78.58.244 – 10.78.58.24510.78.58.245
12410.78.58.246/3110.78.58.246 – 10.78.58.24710.78.58.247
12510.78.58.248/3110.78.58.248 – 10.78.58.24910.78.58.249
12610.78.58.250/3110.78.58.250 – 10.78.58.25110.78.58.251
12710.78.58.252/3110.78.58.252 – 10.78.58.25310.78.58.253
12810.78.58.254/3110.78.58.254 – 10.78.58.25510.78.58.255
12910.78.59.0/3110.78.59.0 – 10.78.59.110.78.59.1
13010.78.59.2/3110.78.59.2 – 10.78.59.310.78.59.3
13110.78.59.4/3110.78.59.4 – 10.78.59.510.78.59.5
13210.78.59.6/3110.78.59.6 – 10.78.59.710.78.59.7
13310.78.59.8/3110.78.59.8 – 10.78.59.910.78.59.9
13410.78.59.10/3110.78.59.10 – 10.78.59.1110.78.59.11
13510.78.59.12/3110.78.59.12 – 10.78.59.1310.78.59.13
13610.78.59.14/3110.78.59.14 – 10.78.59.1510.78.59.15
13710.78.59.16/3110.78.59.16 – 10.78.59.1710.78.59.17
13810.78.59.18/3110.78.59.18 – 10.78.59.1910.78.59.19
13910.78.59.20/3110.78.59.20 – 10.78.59.2110.78.59.21
14010.78.59.22/3110.78.59.22 – 10.78.59.2310.78.59.23
14110.78.59.24/3110.78.59.24 – 10.78.59.2510.78.59.25
14210.78.59.26/3110.78.59.26 – 10.78.59.2710.78.59.27
14310.78.59.28/3110.78.59.28 – 10.78.59.2910.78.59.29
14410.78.59.30/3110.78.59.30 – 10.78.59.3110.78.59.31
14510.78.59.32/3110.78.59.32 – 10.78.59.3310.78.59.33
14610.78.59.34/3110.78.59.34 – 10.78.59.3510.78.59.35
14710.78.59.36/3110.78.59.36 – 10.78.59.3710.78.59.37
14810.78.59.38/3110.78.59.38 – 10.78.59.3910.78.59.39
14910.78.59.40/3110.78.59.40 – 10.78.59.4110.78.59.41
15010.78.59.42/3110.78.59.42 – 10.78.59.4310.78.59.43
15110.78.59.44/3110.78.59.44 – 10.78.59.4510.78.59.45
15210.78.59.46/3110.78.59.46 – 10.78.59.4710.78.59.47
15310.78.59.48/3110.78.59.48 – 10.78.59.4910.78.59.49
15410.78.59.50/3110.78.59.50 – 10.78.59.5110.78.59.51
15510.78.59.52/3110.78.59.52 – 10.78.59.5310.78.59.53
15610.78.59.54/3110.78.59.54 – 10.78.59.5510.78.59.55
15710.78.59.56/3110.78.59.56 – 10.78.59.5710.78.59.57
15810.78.59.58/3110.78.59.58 – 10.78.59.5910.78.59.59
15910.78.59.60/3110.78.59.60 – 10.78.59.6110.78.59.61
16010.78.59.62/3110.78.59.62 – 10.78.59.6310.78.59.63
16110.78.59.64/3110.78.59.64 – 10.78.59.6510.78.59.65
16210.78.59.66/3110.78.59.66 – 10.78.59.6710.78.59.67
16310.78.59.68/3110.78.59.68 – 10.78.59.6910.78.59.69
16410.78.59.70/3110.78.59.70 – 10.78.59.7110.78.59.71
16510.78.59.72/3110.78.59.72 – 10.78.59.7310.78.59.73
16610.78.59.74/3110.78.59.74 – 10.78.59.7510.78.59.75
16710.78.59.76/3110.78.59.76 – 10.78.59.7710.78.59.77
16810.78.59.78/3110.78.59.78 – 10.78.59.7910.78.59.79
16910.78.59.80/3110.78.59.80 – 10.78.59.8110.78.59.81
17010.78.59.82/3110.78.59.82 – 10.78.59.8310.78.59.83
17110.78.59.84/3110.78.59.84 – 10.78.59.8510.78.59.85
17210.78.59.86/3110.78.59.86 – 10.78.59.8710.78.59.87
17310.78.59.88/3110.78.59.88 – 10.78.59.8910.78.59.89
17410.78.59.90/3110.78.59.90 – 10.78.59.9110.78.59.91
17510.78.59.92/3110.78.59.92 – 10.78.59.9310.78.59.93
17610.78.59.94/3110.78.59.94 – 10.78.59.9510.78.59.95
17710.78.59.96/3110.78.59.96 – 10.78.59.9710.78.59.97
17810.78.59.98/3110.78.59.98 – 10.78.59.9910.78.59.99
17910.78.59.100/3110.78.59.100 – 10.78.59.10110.78.59.101
18010.78.59.102/3110.78.59.102 – 10.78.59.10310.78.59.103
18110.78.59.104/3110.78.59.104 – 10.78.59.10510.78.59.105
18210.78.59.106/3110.78.59.106 – 10.78.59.10710.78.59.107
18310.78.59.108/3110.78.59.108 – 10.78.59.10910.78.59.109
18410.78.59.110/3110.78.59.110 – 10.78.59.11110.78.59.111
18510.78.59.112/3110.78.59.112 – 10.78.59.11310.78.59.113
18610.78.59.114/3110.78.59.114 – 10.78.59.11510.78.59.115
18710.78.59.116/3110.78.59.116 – 10.78.59.11710.78.59.117
18810.78.59.118/3110.78.59.118 – 10.78.59.11910.78.59.119
18910.78.59.120/3110.78.59.120 – 10.78.59.12110.78.59.121
19010.78.59.122/3110.78.59.122 – 10.78.59.12310.78.59.123
19110.78.59.124/3110.78.59.124 – 10.78.59.12510.78.59.125
19210.78.59.126/3110.78.59.126 – 10.78.59.12710.78.59.127
19310.78.59.128/3110.78.59.128 – 10.78.59.12910.78.59.129
19410.78.59.130/3110.78.59.130 – 10.78.59.13110.78.59.131
19510.78.59.132/3110.78.59.132 – 10.78.59.13310.78.59.133
19610.78.59.134/3110.78.59.134 – 10.78.59.13510.78.59.135
19710.78.59.136/3110.78.59.136 – 10.78.59.13710.78.59.137
19810.78.59.138/3110.78.59.138 – 10.78.59.13910.78.59.139
19910.78.59.140/3110.78.59.140 – 10.78.59.14110.78.59.141
20010.78.59.142/3110.78.59.142 – 10.78.59.14310.78.59.143
20110.78.59.144/3110.78.59.144 – 10.78.59.14510.78.59.145
20210.78.59.146/3110.78.59.146 – 10.78.59.14710.78.59.147
20310.78.59.148/3110.78.59.148 – 10.78.59.14910.78.59.149
20410.78.59.150/3110.78.59.150 – 10.78.59.15110.78.59.151
20510.78.59.152/3110.78.59.152 – 10.78.59.15310.78.59.153
20610.78.59.154/3110.78.59.154 – 10.78.59.15510.78.59.155
20710.78.59.156/3110.78.59.156 – 10.78.59.15710.78.59.157
20810.78.59.158/3110.78.59.158 – 10.78.59.15910.78.59.159
20910.78.59.160/3110.78.59.160 – 10.78.59.16110.78.59.161
21010.78.59.162/3110.78.59.162 – 10.78.59.16310.78.59.163
21110.78.59.164/3110.78.59.164 – 10.78.59.16510.78.59.165
21210.78.59.166/3110.78.59.166 – 10.78.59.16710.78.59.167
21310.78.59.168/3110.78.59.168 – 10.78.59.16910.78.59.169
21410.78.59.170/3110.78.59.170 – 10.78.59.17110.78.59.171
21510.78.59.172/3110.78.59.172 – 10.78.59.17310.78.59.173
21610.78.59.174/3110.78.59.174 – 10.78.59.17510.78.59.175
21710.78.59.176/3110.78.59.176 – 10.78.59.17710.78.59.177
21810.78.59.178/3110.78.59.178 – 10.78.59.17910.78.59.179
21910.78.59.180/3110.78.59.180 – 10.78.59.18110.78.59.181
22010.78.59.182/3110.78.59.182 – 10.78.59.18310.78.59.183
22110.78.59.184/3110.78.59.184 – 10.78.59.18510.78.59.185
22210.78.59.186/3110.78.59.186 – 10.78.59.18710.78.59.187
22310.78.59.188/3110.78.59.188 – 10.78.59.18910.78.59.189
22410.78.59.190/3110.78.59.190 – 10.78.59.19110.78.59.191
22510.78.59.192/3110.78.59.192 – 10.78.59.19310.78.59.193
22610.78.59.194/3110.78.59.194 – 10.78.59.19510.78.59.195
22710.78.59.196/3110.78.59.196 – 10.78.59.19710.78.59.197
22810.78.59.198/3110.78.59.198 – 10.78.59.19910.78.59.199
22910.78.59.200/3110.78.59.200 – 10.78.59.20110.78.59.201
23010.78.59.202/3110.78.59.202 – 10.78.59.20310.78.59.203
23110.78.59.204/3110.78.59.204 – 10.78.59.20510.78.59.205
23210.78.59.206/3110.78.59.206 – 10.78.59.20710.78.59.207
23310.78.59.208/3110.78.59.208 – 10.78.59.20910.78.59.209
23410.78.59.210/3110.78.59.210 – 10.78.59.21110.78.59.211
23510.78.59.212/3110.78.59.212 – 10.78.59.21310.78.59.213
23610.78.59.214/3110.78.59.214 – 10.78.59.21510.78.59.215
23710.78.59.216/3110.78.59.216 – 10.78.59.21710.78.59.217
23810.78.59.218/3110.78.59.218 – 10.78.59.21910.78.59.219
23910.78.59.220/3110.78.59.220 – 10.78.59.22110.78.59.221
24010.78.59.222/3110.78.59.222 – 10.78.59.22310.78.59.223
24110.78.59.224/3110.78.59.224 – 10.78.59.22510.78.59.225
24210.78.59.226/3110.78.59.226 – 10.78.59.22710.78.59.227
24310.78.59.228/3110.78.59.228 – 10.78.59.22910.78.59.229
24410.78.59.230/3110.78.59.230 – 10.78.59.23110.78.59.231
24510.78.59.232/3110.78.59.232 – 10.78.59.23310.78.59.233
24610.78.59.234/3110.78.59.234 – 10.78.59.23510.78.59.235
24710.78.59.236/3110.78.59.236 – 10.78.59.23710.78.59.237
24810.78.59.238/3110.78.59.238 – 10.78.59.23910.78.59.239
24910.78.59.240/3110.78.59.240 – 10.78.59.24110.78.59.241
25010.78.59.242/3110.78.59.242 – 10.78.59.24310.78.59.243
25110.78.59.244/3110.78.59.244 – 10.78.59.24510.78.59.245
25210.78.59.246/3110.78.59.246 – 10.78.59.24710.78.59.247
25310.78.59.248/3110.78.59.248 – 10.78.59.24910.78.59.249
25410.78.59.250/3110.78.59.250 – 10.78.59.25110.78.59.251
25510.78.59.252/3110.78.59.252 – 10.78.59.25310.78.59.253
25610.78.59.254/3110.78.59.254 – 10.78.59.25510.78.59.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →