ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.54.0/24
network10.78.54.0/24
broadcast10.78.54.255
first host10.78.54.1
last host10.78.54.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.78.54.0/24
address00001010.01001110.00110110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.01001110.00110110.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.00110110.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e3600
decimal172897792
reverse dns0.54.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:3600

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.54.0/3210.78.54.0 – 10.78.54.010.78.54.0
210.78.54.1/3210.78.54.1 – 10.78.54.110.78.54.1
310.78.54.2/3210.78.54.2 – 10.78.54.210.78.54.2
410.78.54.3/3210.78.54.3 – 10.78.54.310.78.54.3
510.78.54.4/3210.78.54.4 – 10.78.54.410.78.54.4
610.78.54.5/3210.78.54.5 – 10.78.54.510.78.54.5
710.78.54.6/3210.78.54.6 – 10.78.54.610.78.54.6
810.78.54.7/3210.78.54.7 – 10.78.54.710.78.54.7
910.78.54.8/3210.78.54.8 – 10.78.54.810.78.54.8
1010.78.54.9/3210.78.54.9 – 10.78.54.910.78.54.9
1110.78.54.10/3210.78.54.10 – 10.78.54.1010.78.54.10
1210.78.54.11/3210.78.54.11 – 10.78.54.1110.78.54.11
1310.78.54.12/3210.78.54.12 – 10.78.54.1210.78.54.12
1410.78.54.13/3210.78.54.13 – 10.78.54.1310.78.54.13
1510.78.54.14/3210.78.54.14 – 10.78.54.1410.78.54.14
1610.78.54.15/3210.78.54.15 – 10.78.54.1510.78.54.15
1710.78.54.16/3210.78.54.16 – 10.78.54.1610.78.54.16
1810.78.54.17/3210.78.54.17 – 10.78.54.1710.78.54.17
1910.78.54.18/3210.78.54.18 – 10.78.54.1810.78.54.18
2010.78.54.19/3210.78.54.19 – 10.78.54.1910.78.54.19
2110.78.54.20/3210.78.54.20 – 10.78.54.2010.78.54.20
2210.78.54.21/3210.78.54.21 – 10.78.54.2110.78.54.21
2310.78.54.22/3210.78.54.22 – 10.78.54.2210.78.54.22
2410.78.54.23/3210.78.54.23 – 10.78.54.2310.78.54.23
2510.78.54.24/3210.78.54.24 – 10.78.54.2410.78.54.24
2610.78.54.25/3210.78.54.25 – 10.78.54.2510.78.54.25
2710.78.54.26/3210.78.54.26 – 10.78.54.2610.78.54.26
2810.78.54.27/3210.78.54.27 – 10.78.54.2710.78.54.27
2910.78.54.28/3210.78.54.28 – 10.78.54.2810.78.54.28
3010.78.54.29/3210.78.54.29 – 10.78.54.2910.78.54.29
3110.78.54.30/3210.78.54.30 – 10.78.54.3010.78.54.30
3210.78.54.31/3210.78.54.31 – 10.78.54.3110.78.54.31
3310.78.54.32/3210.78.54.32 – 10.78.54.3210.78.54.32
3410.78.54.33/3210.78.54.33 – 10.78.54.3310.78.54.33
3510.78.54.34/3210.78.54.34 – 10.78.54.3410.78.54.34
3610.78.54.35/3210.78.54.35 – 10.78.54.3510.78.54.35
3710.78.54.36/3210.78.54.36 – 10.78.54.3610.78.54.36
3810.78.54.37/3210.78.54.37 – 10.78.54.3710.78.54.37
3910.78.54.38/3210.78.54.38 – 10.78.54.3810.78.54.38
4010.78.54.39/3210.78.54.39 – 10.78.54.3910.78.54.39
4110.78.54.40/3210.78.54.40 – 10.78.54.4010.78.54.40
4210.78.54.41/3210.78.54.41 – 10.78.54.4110.78.54.41
4310.78.54.42/3210.78.54.42 – 10.78.54.4210.78.54.42
4410.78.54.43/3210.78.54.43 – 10.78.54.4310.78.54.43
4510.78.54.44/3210.78.54.44 – 10.78.54.4410.78.54.44
4610.78.54.45/3210.78.54.45 – 10.78.54.4510.78.54.45
4710.78.54.46/3210.78.54.46 – 10.78.54.4610.78.54.46
4810.78.54.47/3210.78.54.47 – 10.78.54.4710.78.54.47
4910.78.54.48/3210.78.54.48 – 10.78.54.4810.78.54.48
5010.78.54.49/3210.78.54.49 – 10.78.54.4910.78.54.49
5110.78.54.50/3210.78.54.50 – 10.78.54.5010.78.54.50
5210.78.54.51/3210.78.54.51 – 10.78.54.5110.78.54.51
5310.78.54.52/3210.78.54.52 – 10.78.54.5210.78.54.52
5410.78.54.53/3210.78.54.53 – 10.78.54.5310.78.54.53
5510.78.54.54/3210.78.54.54 – 10.78.54.5410.78.54.54
5610.78.54.55/3210.78.54.55 – 10.78.54.5510.78.54.55
5710.78.54.56/3210.78.54.56 – 10.78.54.5610.78.54.56
5810.78.54.57/3210.78.54.57 – 10.78.54.5710.78.54.57
5910.78.54.58/3210.78.54.58 – 10.78.54.5810.78.54.58
6010.78.54.59/3210.78.54.59 – 10.78.54.5910.78.54.59
6110.78.54.60/3210.78.54.60 – 10.78.54.6010.78.54.60
6210.78.54.61/3210.78.54.61 – 10.78.54.6110.78.54.61
6310.78.54.62/3210.78.54.62 – 10.78.54.6210.78.54.62
6410.78.54.63/3210.78.54.63 – 10.78.54.6310.78.54.63
6510.78.54.64/3210.78.54.64 – 10.78.54.6410.78.54.64
6610.78.54.65/3210.78.54.65 – 10.78.54.6510.78.54.65
6710.78.54.66/3210.78.54.66 – 10.78.54.6610.78.54.66
6810.78.54.67/3210.78.54.67 – 10.78.54.6710.78.54.67
6910.78.54.68/3210.78.54.68 – 10.78.54.6810.78.54.68
7010.78.54.69/3210.78.54.69 – 10.78.54.6910.78.54.69
7110.78.54.70/3210.78.54.70 – 10.78.54.7010.78.54.70
7210.78.54.71/3210.78.54.71 – 10.78.54.7110.78.54.71
7310.78.54.72/3210.78.54.72 – 10.78.54.7210.78.54.72
7410.78.54.73/3210.78.54.73 – 10.78.54.7310.78.54.73
7510.78.54.74/3210.78.54.74 – 10.78.54.7410.78.54.74
7610.78.54.75/3210.78.54.75 – 10.78.54.7510.78.54.75
7710.78.54.76/3210.78.54.76 – 10.78.54.7610.78.54.76
7810.78.54.77/3210.78.54.77 – 10.78.54.7710.78.54.77
7910.78.54.78/3210.78.54.78 – 10.78.54.7810.78.54.78
8010.78.54.79/3210.78.54.79 – 10.78.54.7910.78.54.79
8110.78.54.80/3210.78.54.80 – 10.78.54.8010.78.54.80
8210.78.54.81/3210.78.54.81 – 10.78.54.8110.78.54.81
8310.78.54.82/3210.78.54.82 – 10.78.54.8210.78.54.82
8410.78.54.83/3210.78.54.83 – 10.78.54.8310.78.54.83
8510.78.54.84/3210.78.54.84 – 10.78.54.8410.78.54.84
8610.78.54.85/3210.78.54.85 – 10.78.54.8510.78.54.85
8710.78.54.86/3210.78.54.86 – 10.78.54.8610.78.54.86
8810.78.54.87/3210.78.54.87 – 10.78.54.8710.78.54.87
8910.78.54.88/3210.78.54.88 – 10.78.54.8810.78.54.88
9010.78.54.89/3210.78.54.89 – 10.78.54.8910.78.54.89
9110.78.54.90/3210.78.54.90 – 10.78.54.9010.78.54.90
9210.78.54.91/3210.78.54.91 – 10.78.54.9110.78.54.91
9310.78.54.92/3210.78.54.92 – 10.78.54.9210.78.54.92
9410.78.54.93/3210.78.54.93 – 10.78.54.9310.78.54.93
9510.78.54.94/3210.78.54.94 – 10.78.54.9410.78.54.94
9610.78.54.95/3210.78.54.95 – 10.78.54.9510.78.54.95
9710.78.54.96/3210.78.54.96 – 10.78.54.9610.78.54.96
9810.78.54.97/3210.78.54.97 – 10.78.54.9710.78.54.97
9910.78.54.98/3210.78.54.98 – 10.78.54.9810.78.54.98
10010.78.54.99/3210.78.54.99 – 10.78.54.9910.78.54.99
10110.78.54.100/3210.78.54.100 – 10.78.54.10010.78.54.100
10210.78.54.101/3210.78.54.101 – 10.78.54.10110.78.54.101
10310.78.54.102/3210.78.54.102 – 10.78.54.10210.78.54.102
10410.78.54.103/3210.78.54.103 – 10.78.54.10310.78.54.103
10510.78.54.104/3210.78.54.104 – 10.78.54.10410.78.54.104
10610.78.54.105/3210.78.54.105 – 10.78.54.10510.78.54.105
10710.78.54.106/3210.78.54.106 – 10.78.54.10610.78.54.106
10810.78.54.107/3210.78.54.107 – 10.78.54.10710.78.54.107
10910.78.54.108/3210.78.54.108 – 10.78.54.10810.78.54.108
11010.78.54.109/3210.78.54.109 – 10.78.54.10910.78.54.109
11110.78.54.110/3210.78.54.110 – 10.78.54.11010.78.54.110
11210.78.54.111/3210.78.54.111 – 10.78.54.11110.78.54.111
11310.78.54.112/3210.78.54.112 – 10.78.54.11210.78.54.112
11410.78.54.113/3210.78.54.113 – 10.78.54.11310.78.54.113
11510.78.54.114/3210.78.54.114 – 10.78.54.11410.78.54.114
11610.78.54.115/3210.78.54.115 – 10.78.54.11510.78.54.115
11710.78.54.116/3210.78.54.116 – 10.78.54.11610.78.54.116
11810.78.54.117/3210.78.54.117 – 10.78.54.11710.78.54.117
11910.78.54.118/3210.78.54.118 – 10.78.54.11810.78.54.118
12010.78.54.119/3210.78.54.119 – 10.78.54.11910.78.54.119
12110.78.54.120/3210.78.54.120 – 10.78.54.12010.78.54.120
12210.78.54.121/3210.78.54.121 – 10.78.54.12110.78.54.121
12310.78.54.122/3210.78.54.122 – 10.78.54.12210.78.54.122
12410.78.54.123/3210.78.54.123 – 10.78.54.12310.78.54.123
12510.78.54.124/3210.78.54.124 – 10.78.54.12410.78.54.124
12610.78.54.125/3210.78.54.125 – 10.78.54.12510.78.54.125
12710.78.54.126/3210.78.54.126 – 10.78.54.12610.78.54.126
12810.78.54.127/3210.78.54.127 – 10.78.54.12710.78.54.127
12910.78.54.128/3210.78.54.128 – 10.78.54.12810.78.54.128
13010.78.54.129/3210.78.54.129 – 10.78.54.12910.78.54.129
13110.78.54.130/3210.78.54.130 – 10.78.54.13010.78.54.130
13210.78.54.131/3210.78.54.131 – 10.78.54.13110.78.54.131
13310.78.54.132/3210.78.54.132 – 10.78.54.13210.78.54.132
13410.78.54.133/3210.78.54.133 – 10.78.54.13310.78.54.133
13510.78.54.134/3210.78.54.134 – 10.78.54.13410.78.54.134
13610.78.54.135/3210.78.54.135 – 10.78.54.13510.78.54.135
13710.78.54.136/3210.78.54.136 – 10.78.54.13610.78.54.136
13810.78.54.137/3210.78.54.137 – 10.78.54.13710.78.54.137
13910.78.54.138/3210.78.54.138 – 10.78.54.13810.78.54.138
14010.78.54.139/3210.78.54.139 – 10.78.54.13910.78.54.139
14110.78.54.140/3210.78.54.140 – 10.78.54.14010.78.54.140
14210.78.54.141/3210.78.54.141 – 10.78.54.14110.78.54.141
14310.78.54.142/3210.78.54.142 – 10.78.54.14210.78.54.142
14410.78.54.143/3210.78.54.143 – 10.78.54.14310.78.54.143
14510.78.54.144/3210.78.54.144 – 10.78.54.14410.78.54.144
14610.78.54.145/3210.78.54.145 – 10.78.54.14510.78.54.145
14710.78.54.146/3210.78.54.146 – 10.78.54.14610.78.54.146
14810.78.54.147/3210.78.54.147 – 10.78.54.14710.78.54.147
14910.78.54.148/3210.78.54.148 – 10.78.54.14810.78.54.148
15010.78.54.149/3210.78.54.149 – 10.78.54.14910.78.54.149
15110.78.54.150/3210.78.54.150 – 10.78.54.15010.78.54.150
15210.78.54.151/3210.78.54.151 – 10.78.54.15110.78.54.151
15310.78.54.152/3210.78.54.152 – 10.78.54.15210.78.54.152
15410.78.54.153/3210.78.54.153 – 10.78.54.15310.78.54.153
15510.78.54.154/3210.78.54.154 – 10.78.54.15410.78.54.154
15610.78.54.155/3210.78.54.155 – 10.78.54.15510.78.54.155
15710.78.54.156/3210.78.54.156 – 10.78.54.15610.78.54.156
15810.78.54.157/3210.78.54.157 – 10.78.54.15710.78.54.157
15910.78.54.158/3210.78.54.158 – 10.78.54.15810.78.54.158
16010.78.54.159/3210.78.54.159 – 10.78.54.15910.78.54.159
16110.78.54.160/3210.78.54.160 – 10.78.54.16010.78.54.160
16210.78.54.161/3210.78.54.161 – 10.78.54.16110.78.54.161
16310.78.54.162/3210.78.54.162 – 10.78.54.16210.78.54.162
16410.78.54.163/3210.78.54.163 – 10.78.54.16310.78.54.163
16510.78.54.164/3210.78.54.164 – 10.78.54.16410.78.54.164
16610.78.54.165/3210.78.54.165 – 10.78.54.16510.78.54.165
16710.78.54.166/3210.78.54.166 – 10.78.54.16610.78.54.166
16810.78.54.167/3210.78.54.167 – 10.78.54.16710.78.54.167
16910.78.54.168/3210.78.54.168 – 10.78.54.16810.78.54.168
17010.78.54.169/3210.78.54.169 – 10.78.54.16910.78.54.169
17110.78.54.170/3210.78.54.170 – 10.78.54.17010.78.54.170
17210.78.54.171/3210.78.54.171 – 10.78.54.17110.78.54.171
17310.78.54.172/3210.78.54.172 – 10.78.54.17210.78.54.172
17410.78.54.173/3210.78.54.173 – 10.78.54.17310.78.54.173
17510.78.54.174/3210.78.54.174 – 10.78.54.17410.78.54.174
17610.78.54.175/3210.78.54.175 – 10.78.54.17510.78.54.175
17710.78.54.176/3210.78.54.176 – 10.78.54.17610.78.54.176
17810.78.54.177/3210.78.54.177 – 10.78.54.17710.78.54.177
17910.78.54.178/3210.78.54.178 – 10.78.54.17810.78.54.178
18010.78.54.179/3210.78.54.179 – 10.78.54.17910.78.54.179
18110.78.54.180/3210.78.54.180 – 10.78.54.18010.78.54.180
18210.78.54.181/3210.78.54.181 – 10.78.54.18110.78.54.181
18310.78.54.182/3210.78.54.182 – 10.78.54.18210.78.54.182
18410.78.54.183/3210.78.54.183 – 10.78.54.18310.78.54.183
18510.78.54.184/3210.78.54.184 – 10.78.54.18410.78.54.184
18610.78.54.185/3210.78.54.185 – 10.78.54.18510.78.54.185
18710.78.54.186/3210.78.54.186 – 10.78.54.18610.78.54.186
18810.78.54.187/3210.78.54.187 – 10.78.54.18710.78.54.187
18910.78.54.188/3210.78.54.188 – 10.78.54.18810.78.54.188
19010.78.54.189/3210.78.54.189 – 10.78.54.18910.78.54.189
19110.78.54.190/3210.78.54.190 – 10.78.54.19010.78.54.190
19210.78.54.191/3210.78.54.191 – 10.78.54.19110.78.54.191
19310.78.54.192/3210.78.54.192 – 10.78.54.19210.78.54.192
19410.78.54.193/3210.78.54.193 – 10.78.54.19310.78.54.193
19510.78.54.194/3210.78.54.194 – 10.78.54.19410.78.54.194
19610.78.54.195/3210.78.54.195 – 10.78.54.19510.78.54.195
19710.78.54.196/3210.78.54.196 – 10.78.54.19610.78.54.196
19810.78.54.197/3210.78.54.197 – 10.78.54.19710.78.54.197
19910.78.54.198/3210.78.54.198 – 10.78.54.19810.78.54.198
20010.78.54.199/3210.78.54.199 – 10.78.54.19910.78.54.199
20110.78.54.200/3210.78.54.200 – 10.78.54.20010.78.54.200
20210.78.54.201/3210.78.54.201 – 10.78.54.20110.78.54.201
20310.78.54.202/3210.78.54.202 – 10.78.54.20210.78.54.202
20410.78.54.203/3210.78.54.203 – 10.78.54.20310.78.54.203
20510.78.54.204/3210.78.54.204 – 10.78.54.20410.78.54.204
20610.78.54.205/3210.78.54.205 – 10.78.54.20510.78.54.205
20710.78.54.206/3210.78.54.206 – 10.78.54.20610.78.54.206
20810.78.54.207/3210.78.54.207 – 10.78.54.20710.78.54.207
20910.78.54.208/3210.78.54.208 – 10.78.54.20810.78.54.208
21010.78.54.209/3210.78.54.209 – 10.78.54.20910.78.54.209
21110.78.54.210/3210.78.54.210 – 10.78.54.21010.78.54.210
21210.78.54.211/3210.78.54.211 – 10.78.54.21110.78.54.211
21310.78.54.212/3210.78.54.212 – 10.78.54.21210.78.54.212
21410.78.54.213/3210.78.54.213 – 10.78.54.21310.78.54.213
21510.78.54.214/3210.78.54.214 – 10.78.54.21410.78.54.214
21610.78.54.215/3210.78.54.215 – 10.78.54.21510.78.54.215
21710.78.54.216/3210.78.54.216 – 10.78.54.21610.78.54.216
21810.78.54.217/3210.78.54.217 – 10.78.54.21710.78.54.217
21910.78.54.218/3210.78.54.218 – 10.78.54.21810.78.54.218
22010.78.54.219/3210.78.54.219 – 10.78.54.21910.78.54.219
22110.78.54.220/3210.78.54.220 – 10.78.54.22010.78.54.220
22210.78.54.221/3210.78.54.221 – 10.78.54.22110.78.54.221
22310.78.54.222/3210.78.54.222 – 10.78.54.22210.78.54.222
22410.78.54.223/3210.78.54.223 – 10.78.54.22310.78.54.223
22510.78.54.224/3210.78.54.224 – 10.78.54.22410.78.54.224
22610.78.54.225/3210.78.54.225 – 10.78.54.22510.78.54.225
22710.78.54.226/3210.78.54.226 – 10.78.54.22610.78.54.226
22810.78.54.227/3210.78.54.227 – 10.78.54.22710.78.54.227
22910.78.54.228/3210.78.54.228 – 10.78.54.22810.78.54.228
23010.78.54.229/3210.78.54.229 – 10.78.54.22910.78.54.229
23110.78.54.230/3210.78.54.230 – 10.78.54.23010.78.54.230
23210.78.54.231/3210.78.54.231 – 10.78.54.23110.78.54.231
23310.78.54.232/3210.78.54.232 – 10.78.54.23210.78.54.232
23410.78.54.233/3210.78.54.233 – 10.78.54.23310.78.54.233
23510.78.54.234/3210.78.54.234 – 10.78.54.23410.78.54.234
23610.78.54.235/3210.78.54.235 – 10.78.54.23510.78.54.235
23710.78.54.236/3210.78.54.236 – 10.78.54.23610.78.54.236
23810.78.54.237/3210.78.54.237 – 10.78.54.23710.78.54.237
23910.78.54.238/3210.78.54.238 – 10.78.54.23810.78.54.238
24010.78.54.239/3210.78.54.239 – 10.78.54.23910.78.54.239
24110.78.54.240/3210.78.54.240 – 10.78.54.24010.78.54.240
24210.78.54.241/3210.78.54.241 – 10.78.54.24110.78.54.241
24310.78.54.242/3210.78.54.242 – 10.78.54.24210.78.54.242
24410.78.54.243/3210.78.54.243 – 10.78.54.24310.78.54.243
24510.78.54.244/3210.78.54.244 – 10.78.54.24410.78.54.244
24610.78.54.245/3210.78.54.245 – 10.78.54.24510.78.54.245
24710.78.54.246/3210.78.54.246 – 10.78.54.24610.78.54.246
24810.78.54.247/3210.78.54.247 – 10.78.54.24710.78.54.247
24910.78.54.248/3210.78.54.248 – 10.78.54.24810.78.54.248
25010.78.54.249/3210.78.54.249 – 10.78.54.24910.78.54.249
25110.78.54.250/3210.78.54.250 – 10.78.54.25010.78.54.250
25210.78.54.251/3210.78.54.251 – 10.78.54.25110.78.54.251
25310.78.54.252/3210.78.54.252 – 10.78.54.25210.78.54.252
25410.78.54.253/3210.78.54.253 – 10.78.54.25310.78.54.253
25510.78.54.254/3210.78.54.254 – 10.78.54.25410.78.54.254
25610.78.54.255/3210.78.54.255 – 10.78.54.25510.78.54.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →