ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.29.0/24
network10.78.29.0/24
broadcast10.78.29.255
first host10.78.29.1
last host10.78.29.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.78.29.0/24
address00001010.01001110.00011101.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.01001110.00011101.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.00011101.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e1d00
decimal172891392
reverse dns0.29.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:1d00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.29.0/3210.78.29.0 – 10.78.29.010.78.29.0
210.78.29.1/3210.78.29.1 – 10.78.29.110.78.29.1
310.78.29.2/3210.78.29.2 – 10.78.29.210.78.29.2
410.78.29.3/3210.78.29.3 – 10.78.29.310.78.29.3
510.78.29.4/3210.78.29.4 – 10.78.29.410.78.29.4
610.78.29.5/3210.78.29.5 – 10.78.29.510.78.29.5
710.78.29.6/3210.78.29.6 – 10.78.29.610.78.29.6
810.78.29.7/3210.78.29.7 – 10.78.29.710.78.29.7
910.78.29.8/3210.78.29.8 – 10.78.29.810.78.29.8
1010.78.29.9/3210.78.29.9 – 10.78.29.910.78.29.9
1110.78.29.10/3210.78.29.10 – 10.78.29.1010.78.29.10
1210.78.29.11/3210.78.29.11 – 10.78.29.1110.78.29.11
1310.78.29.12/3210.78.29.12 – 10.78.29.1210.78.29.12
1410.78.29.13/3210.78.29.13 – 10.78.29.1310.78.29.13
1510.78.29.14/3210.78.29.14 – 10.78.29.1410.78.29.14
1610.78.29.15/3210.78.29.15 – 10.78.29.1510.78.29.15
1710.78.29.16/3210.78.29.16 – 10.78.29.1610.78.29.16
1810.78.29.17/3210.78.29.17 – 10.78.29.1710.78.29.17
1910.78.29.18/3210.78.29.18 – 10.78.29.1810.78.29.18
2010.78.29.19/3210.78.29.19 – 10.78.29.1910.78.29.19
2110.78.29.20/3210.78.29.20 – 10.78.29.2010.78.29.20
2210.78.29.21/3210.78.29.21 – 10.78.29.2110.78.29.21
2310.78.29.22/3210.78.29.22 – 10.78.29.2210.78.29.22
2410.78.29.23/3210.78.29.23 – 10.78.29.2310.78.29.23
2510.78.29.24/3210.78.29.24 – 10.78.29.2410.78.29.24
2610.78.29.25/3210.78.29.25 – 10.78.29.2510.78.29.25
2710.78.29.26/3210.78.29.26 – 10.78.29.2610.78.29.26
2810.78.29.27/3210.78.29.27 – 10.78.29.2710.78.29.27
2910.78.29.28/3210.78.29.28 – 10.78.29.2810.78.29.28
3010.78.29.29/3210.78.29.29 – 10.78.29.2910.78.29.29
3110.78.29.30/3210.78.29.30 – 10.78.29.3010.78.29.30
3210.78.29.31/3210.78.29.31 – 10.78.29.3110.78.29.31
3310.78.29.32/3210.78.29.32 – 10.78.29.3210.78.29.32
3410.78.29.33/3210.78.29.33 – 10.78.29.3310.78.29.33
3510.78.29.34/3210.78.29.34 – 10.78.29.3410.78.29.34
3610.78.29.35/3210.78.29.35 – 10.78.29.3510.78.29.35
3710.78.29.36/3210.78.29.36 – 10.78.29.3610.78.29.36
3810.78.29.37/3210.78.29.37 – 10.78.29.3710.78.29.37
3910.78.29.38/3210.78.29.38 – 10.78.29.3810.78.29.38
4010.78.29.39/3210.78.29.39 – 10.78.29.3910.78.29.39
4110.78.29.40/3210.78.29.40 – 10.78.29.4010.78.29.40
4210.78.29.41/3210.78.29.41 – 10.78.29.4110.78.29.41
4310.78.29.42/3210.78.29.42 – 10.78.29.4210.78.29.42
4410.78.29.43/3210.78.29.43 – 10.78.29.4310.78.29.43
4510.78.29.44/3210.78.29.44 – 10.78.29.4410.78.29.44
4610.78.29.45/3210.78.29.45 – 10.78.29.4510.78.29.45
4710.78.29.46/3210.78.29.46 – 10.78.29.4610.78.29.46
4810.78.29.47/3210.78.29.47 – 10.78.29.4710.78.29.47
4910.78.29.48/3210.78.29.48 – 10.78.29.4810.78.29.48
5010.78.29.49/3210.78.29.49 – 10.78.29.4910.78.29.49
5110.78.29.50/3210.78.29.50 – 10.78.29.5010.78.29.50
5210.78.29.51/3210.78.29.51 – 10.78.29.5110.78.29.51
5310.78.29.52/3210.78.29.52 – 10.78.29.5210.78.29.52
5410.78.29.53/3210.78.29.53 – 10.78.29.5310.78.29.53
5510.78.29.54/3210.78.29.54 – 10.78.29.5410.78.29.54
5610.78.29.55/3210.78.29.55 – 10.78.29.5510.78.29.55
5710.78.29.56/3210.78.29.56 – 10.78.29.5610.78.29.56
5810.78.29.57/3210.78.29.57 – 10.78.29.5710.78.29.57
5910.78.29.58/3210.78.29.58 – 10.78.29.5810.78.29.58
6010.78.29.59/3210.78.29.59 – 10.78.29.5910.78.29.59
6110.78.29.60/3210.78.29.60 – 10.78.29.6010.78.29.60
6210.78.29.61/3210.78.29.61 – 10.78.29.6110.78.29.61
6310.78.29.62/3210.78.29.62 – 10.78.29.6210.78.29.62
6410.78.29.63/3210.78.29.63 – 10.78.29.6310.78.29.63
6510.78.29.64/3210.78.29.64 – 10.78.29.6410.78.29.64
6610.78.29.65/3210.78.29.65 – 10.78.29.6510.78.29.65
6710.78.29.66/3210.78.29.66 – 10.78.29.6610.78.29.66
6810.78.29.67/3210.78.29.67 – 10.78.29.6710.78.29.67
6910.78.29.68/3210.78.29.68 – 10.78.29.6810.78.29.68
7010.78.29.69/3210.78.29.69 – 10.78.29.6910.78.29.69
7110.78.29.70/3210.78.29.70 – 10.78.29.7010.78.29.70
7210.78.29.71/3210.78.29.71 – 10.78.29.7110.78.29.71
7310.78.29.72/3210.78.29.72 – 10.78.29.7210.78.29.72
7410.78.29.73/3210.78.29.73 – 10.78.29.7310.78.29.73
7510.78.29.74/3210.78.29.74 – 10.78.29.7410.78.29.74
7610.78.29.75/3210.78.29.75 – 10.78.29.7510.78.29.75
7710.78.29.76/3210.78.29.76 – 10.78.29.7610.78.29.76
7810.78.29.77/3210.78.29.77 – 10.78.29.7710.78.29.77
7910.78.29.78/3210.78.29.78 – 10.78.29.7810.78.29.78
8010.78.29.79/3210.78.29.79 – 10.78.29.7910.78.29.79
8110.78.29.80/3210.78.29.80 – 10.78.29.8010.78.29.80
8210.78.29.81/3210.78.29.81 – 10.78.29.8110.78.29.81
8310.78.29.82/3210.78.29.82 – 10.78.29.8210.78.29.82
8410.78.29.83/3210.78.29.83 – 10.78.29.8310.78.29.83
8510.78.29.84/3210.78.29.84 – 10.78.29.8410.78.29.84
8610.78.29.85/3210.78.29.85 – 10.78.29.8510.78.29.85
8710.78.29.86/3210.78.29.86 – 10.78.29.8610.78.29.86
8810.78.29.87/3210.78.29.87 – 10.78.29.8710.78.29.87
8910.78.29.88/3210.78.29.88 – 10.78.29.8810.78.29.88
9010.78.29.89/3210.78.29.89 – 10.78.29.8910.78.29.89
9110.78.29.90/3210.78.29.90 – 10.78.29.9010.78.29.90
9210.78.29.91/3210.78.29.91 – 10.78.29.9110.78.29.91
9310.78.29.92/3210.78.29.92 – 10.78.29.9210.78.29.92
9410.78.29.93/3210.78.29.93 – 10.78.29.9310.78.29.93
9510.78.29.94/3210.78.29.94 – 10.78.29.9410.78.29.94
9610.78.29.95/3210.78.29.95 – 10.78.29.9510.78.29.95
9710.78.29.96/3210.78.29.96 – 10.78.29.9610.78.29.96
9810.78.29.97/3210.78.29.97 – 10.78.29.9710.78.29.97
9910.78.29.98/3210.78.29.98 – 10.78.29.9810.78.29.98
10010.78.29.99/3210.78.29.99 – 10.78.29.9910.78.29.99
10110.78.29.100/3210.78.29.100 – 10.78.29.10010.78.29.100
10210.78.29.101/3210.78.29.101 – 10.78.29.10110.78.29.101
10310.78.29.102/3210.78.29.102 – 10.78.29.10210.78.29.102
10410.78.29.103/3210.78.29.103 – 10.78.29.10310.78.29.103
10510.78.29.104/3210.78.29.104 – 10.78.29.10410.78.29.104
10610.78.29.105/3210.78.29.105 – 10.78.29.10510.78.29.105
10710.78.29.106/3210.78.29.106 – 10.78.29.10610.78.29.106
10810.78.29.107/3210.78.29.107 – 10.78.29.10710.78.29.107
10910.78.29.108/3210.78.29.108 – 10.78.29.10810.78.29.108
11010.78.29.109/3210.78.29.109 – 10.78.29.10910.78.29.109
11110.78.29.110/3210.78.29.110 – 10.78.29.11010.78.29.110
11210.78.29.111/3210.78.29.111 – 10.78.29.11110.78.29.111
11310.78.29.112/3210.78.29.112 – 10.78.29.11210.78.29.112
11410.78.29.113/3210.78.29.113 – 10.78.29.11310.78.29.113
11510.78.29.114/3210.78.29.114 – 10.78.29.11410.78.29.114
11610.78.29.115/3210.78.29.115 – 10.78.29.11510.78.29.115
11710.78.29.116/3210.78.29.116 – 10.78.29.11610.78.29.116
11810.78.29.117/3210.78.29.117 – 10.78.29.11710.78.29.117
11910.78.29.118/3210.78.29.118 – 10.78.29.11810.78.29.118
12010.78.29.119/3210.78.29.119 – 10.78.29.11910.78.29.119
12110.78.29.120/3210.78.29.120 – 10.78.29.12010.78.29.120
12210.78.29.121/3210.78.29.121 – 10.78.29.12110.78.29.121
12310.78.29.122/3210.78.29.122 – 10.78.29.12210.78.29.122
12410.78.29.123/3210.78.29.123 – 10.78.29.12310.78.29.123
12510.78.29.124/3210.78.29.124 – 10.78.29.12410.78.29.124
12610.78.29.125/3210.78.29.125 – 10.78.29.12510.78.29.125
12710.78.29.126/3210.78.29.126 – 10.78.29.12610.78.29.126
12810.78.29.127/3210.78.29.127 – 10.78.29.12710.78.29.127
12910.78.29.128/3210.78.29.128 – 10.78.29.12810.78.29.128
13010.78.29.129/3210.78.29.129 – 10.78.29.12910.78.29.129
13110.78.29.130/3210.78.29.130 – 10.78.29.13010.78.29.130
13210.78.29.131/3210.78.29.131 – 10.78.29.13110.78.29.131
13310.78.29.132/3210.78.29.132 – 10.78.29.13210.78.29.132
13410.78.29.133/3210.78.29.133 – 10.78.29.13310.78.29.133
13510.78.29.134/3210.78.29.134 – 10.78.29.13410.78.29.134
13610.78.29.135/3210.78.29.135 – 10.78.29.13510.78.29.135
13710.78.29.136/3210.78.29.136 – 10.78.29.13610.78.29.136
13810.78.29.137/3210.78.29.137 – 10.78.29.13710.78.29.137
13910.78.29.138/3210.78.29.138 – 10.78.29.13810.78.29.138
14010.78.29.139/3210.78.29.139 – 10.78.29.13910.78.29.139
14110.78.29.140/3210.78.29.140 – 10.78.29.14010.78.29.140
14210.78.29.141/3210.78.29.141 – 10.78.29.14110.78.29.141
14310.78.29.142/3210.78.29.142 – 10.78.29.14210.78.29.142
14410.78.29.143/3210.78.29.143 – 10.78.29.14310.78.29.143
14510.78.29.144/3210.78.29.144 – 10.78.29.14410.78.29.144
14610.78.29.145/3210.78.29.145 – 10.78.29.14510.78.29.145
14710.78.29.146/3210.78.29.146 – 10.78.29.14610.78.29.146
14810.78.29.147/3210.78.29.147 – 10.78.29.14710.78.29.147
14910.78.29.148/3210.78.29.148 – 10.78.29.14810.78.29.148
15010.78.29.149/3210.78.29.149 – 10.78.29.14910.78.29.149
15110.78.29.150/3210.78.29.150 – 10.78.29.15010.78.29.150
15210.78.29.151/3210.78.29.151 – 10.78.29.15110.78.29.151
15310.78.29.152/3210.78.29.152 – 10.78.29.15210.78.29.152
15410.78.29.153/3210.78.29.153 – 10.78.29.15310.78.29.153
15510.78.29.154/3210.78.29.154 – 10.78.29.15410.78.29.154
15610.78.29.155/3210.78.29.155 – 10.78.29.15510.78.29.155
15710.78.29.156/3210.78.29.156 – 10.78.29.15610.78.29.156
15810.78.29.157/3210.78.29.157 – 10.78.29.15710.78.29.157
15910.78.29.158/3210.78.29.158 – 10.78.29.15810.78.29.158
16010.78.29.159/3210.78.29.159 – 10.78.29.15910.78.29.159
16110.78.29.160/3210.78.29.160 – 10.78.29.16010.78.29.160
16210.78.29.161/3210.78.29.161 – 10.78.29.16110.78.29.161
16310.78.29.162/3210.78.29.162 – 10.78.29.16210.78.29.162
16410.78.29.163/3210.78.29.163 – 10.78.29.16310.78.29.163
16510.78.29.164/3210.78.29.164 – 10.78.29.16410.78.29.164
16610.78.29.165/3210.78.29.165 – 10.78.29.16510.78.29.165
16710.78.29.166/3210.78.29.166 – 10.78.29.16610.78.29.166
16810.78.29.167/3210.78.29.167 – 10.78.29.16710.78.29.167
16910.78.29.168/3210.78.29.168 – 10.78.29.16810.78.29.168
17010.78.29.169/3210.78.29.169 – 10.78.29.16910.78.29.169
17110.78.29.170/3210.78.29.170 – 10.78.29.17010.78.29.170
17210.78.29.171/3210.78.29.171 – 10.78.29.17110.78.29.171
17310.78.29.172/3210.78.29.172 – 10.78.29.17210.78.29.172
17410.78.29.173/3210.78.29.173 – 10.78.29.17310.78.29.173
17510.78.29.174/3210.78.29.174 – 10.78.29.17410.78.29.174
17610.78.29.175/3210.78.29.175 – 10.78.29.17510.78.29.175
17710.78.29.176/3210.78.29.176 – 10.78.29.17610.78.29.176
17810.78.29.177/3210.78.29.177 – 10.78.29.17710.78.29.177
17910.78.29.178/3210.78.29.178 – 10.78.29.17810.78.29.178
18010.78.29.179/3210.78.29.179 – 10.78.29.17910.78.29.179
18110.78.29.180/3210.78.29.180 – 10.78.29.18010.78.29.180
18210.78.29.181/3210.78.29.181 – 10.78.29.18110.78.29.181
18310.78.29.182/3210.78.29.182 – 10.78.29.18210.78.29.182
18410.78.29.183/3210.78.29.183 – 10.78.29.18310.78.29.183
18510.78.29.184/3210.78.29.184 – 10.78.29.18410.78.29.184
18610.78.29.185/3210.78.29.185 – 10.78.29.18510.78.29.185
18710.78.29.186/3210.78.29.186 – 10.78.29.18610.78.29.186
18810.78.29.187/3210.78.29.187 – 10.78.29.18710.78.29.187
18910.78.29.188/3210.78.29.188 – 10.78.29.18810.78.29.188
19010.78.29.189/3210.78.29.189 – 10.78.29.18910.78.29.189
19110.78.29.190/3210.78.29.190 – 10.78.29.19010.78.29.190
19210.78.29.191/3210.78.29.191 – 10.78.29.19110.78.29.191
19310.78.29.192/3210.78.29.192 – 10.78.29.19210.78.29.192
19410.78.29.193/3210.78.29.193 – 10.78.29.19310.78.29.193
19510.78.29.194/3210.78.29.194 – 10.78.29.19410.78.29.194
19610.78.29.195/3210.78.29.195 – 10.78.29.19510.78.29.195
19710.78.29.196/3210.78.29.196 – 10.78.29.19610.78.29.196
19810.78.29.197/3210.78.29.197 – 10.78.29.19710.78.29.197
19910.78.29.198/3210.78.29.198 – 10.78.29.19810.78.29.198
20010.78.29.199/3210.78.29.199 – 10.78.29.19910.78.29.199
20110.78.29.200/3210.78.29.200 – 10.78.29.20010.78.29.200
20210.78.29.201/3210.78.29.201 – 10.78.29.20110.78.29.201
20310.78.29.202/3210.78.29.202 – 10.78.29.20210.78.29.202
20410.78.29.203/3210.78.29.203 – 10.78.29.20310.78.29.203
20510.78.29.204/3210.78.29.204 – 10.78.29.20410.78.29.204
20610.78.29.205/3210.78.29.205 – 10.78.29.20510.78.29.205
20710.78.29.206/3210.78.29.206 – 10.78.29.20610.78.29.206
20810.78.29.207/3210.78.29.207 – 10.78.29.20710.78.29.207
20910.78.29.208/3210.78.29.208 – 10.78.29.20810.78.29.208
21010.78.29.209/3210.78.29.209 – 10.78.29.20910.78.29.209
21110.78.29.210/3210.78.29.210 – 10.78.29.21010.78.29.210
21210.78.29.211/3210.78.29.211 – 10.78.29.21110.78.29.211
21310.78.29.212/3210.78.29.212 – 10.78.29.21210.78.29.212
21410.78.29.213/3210.78.29.213 – 10.78.29.21310.78.29.213
21510.78.29.214/3210.78.29.214 – 10.78.29.21410.78.29.214
21610.78.29.215/3210.78.29.215 – 10.78.29.21510.78.29.215
21710.78.29.216/3210.78.29.216 – 10.78.29.21610.78.29.216
21810.78.29.217/3210.78.29.217 – 10.78.29.21710.78.29.217
21910.78.29.218/3210.78.29.218 – 10.78.29.21810.78.29.218
22010.78.29.219/3210.78.29.219 – 10.78.29.21910.78.29.219
22110.78.29.220/3210.78.29.220 – 10.78.29.22010.78.29.220
22210.78.29.221/3210.78.29.221 – 10.78.29.22110.78.29.221
22310.78.29.222/3210.78.29.222 – 10.78.29.22210.78.29.222
22410.78.29.223/3210.78.29.223 – 10.78.29.22310.78.29.223
22510.78.29.224/3210.78.29.224 – 10.78.29.22410.78.29.224
22610.78.29.225/3210.78.29.225 – 10.78.29.22510.78.29.225
22710.78.29.226/3210.78.29.226 – 10.78.29.22610.78.29.226
22810.78.29.227/3210.78.29.227 – 10.78.29.22710.78.29.227
22910.78.29.228/3210.78.29.228 – 10.78.29.22810.78.29.228
23010.78.29.229/3210.78.29.229 – 10.78.29.22910.78.29.229
23110.78.29.230/3210.78.29.230 – 10.78.29.23010.78.29.230
23210.78.29.231/3210.78.29.231 – 10.78.29.23110.78.29.231
23310.78.29.232/3210.78.29.232 – 10.78.29.23210.78.29.232
23410.78.29.233/3210.78.29.233 – 10.78.29.23310.78.29.233
23510.78.29.234/3210.78.29.234 – 10.78.29.23410.78.29.234
23610.78.29.235/3210.78.29.235 – 10.78.29.23510.78.29.235
23710.78.29.236/3210.78.29.236 – 10.78.29.23610.78.29.236
23810.78.29.237/3210.78.29.237 – 10.78.29.23710.78.29.237
23910.78.29.238/3210.78.29.238 – 10.78.29.23810.78.29.238
24010.78.29.239/3210.78.29.239 – 10.78.29.23910.78.29.239
24110.78.29.240/3210.78.29.240 – 10.78.29.24010.78.29.240
24210.78.29.241/3210.78.29.241 – 10.78.29.24110.78.29.241
24310.78.29.242/3210.78.29.242 – 10.78.29.24210.78.29.242
24410.78.29.243/3210.78.29.243 – 10.78.29.24310.78.29.243
24510.78.29.244/3210.78.29.244 – 10.78.29.24410.78.29.244
24610.78.29.245/3210.78.29.245 – 10.78.29.24510.78.29.245
24710.78.29.246/3210.78.29.246 – 10.78.29.24610.78.29.246
24810.78.29.247/3210.78.29.247 – 10.78.29.24710.78.29.247
24910.78.29.248/3210.78.29.248 – 10.78.29.24810.78.29.248
25010.78.29.249/3210.78.29.249 – 10.78.29.24910.78.29.249
25110.78.29.250/3210.78.29.250 – 10.78.29.25010.78.29.250
25210.78.29.251/3210.78.29.251 – 10.78.29.25110.78.29.251
25310.78.29.252/3210.78.29.252 – 10.78.29.25210.78.29.252
25410.78.29.253/3210.78.29.253 – 10.78.29.25310.78.29.253
25510.78.29.254/3210.78.29.254 – 10.78.29.25410.78.29.254
25610.78.29.255/3210.78.29.255 – 10.78.29.25510.78.29.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →