ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.180.0/24
network10.78.180.0/24
broadcast10.78.180.255
first host10.78.180.1
last host10.78.180.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.78.180.0/24
address00001010.01001110.10110100.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.01001110.10110100.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.10110100.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4eb400
decimal172930048
reverse dns0.180.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:b400

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.180.0/3210.78.180.0 – 10.78.180.010.78.180.0
210.78.180.1/3210.78.180.1 – 10.78.180.110.78.180.1
310.78.180.2/3210.78.180.2 – 10.78.180.210.78.180.2
410.78.180.3/3210.78.180.3 – 10.78.180.310.78.180.3
510.78.180.4/3210.78.180.4 – 10.78.180.410.78.180.4
610.78.180.5/3210.78.180.5 – 10.78.180.510.78.180.5
710.78.180.6/3210.78.180.6 – 10.78.180.610.78.180.6
810.78.180.7/3210.78.180.7 – 10.78.180.710.78.180.7
910.78.180.8/3210.78.180.8 – 10.78.180.810.78.180.8
1010.78.180.9/3210.78.180.9 – 10.78.180.910.78.180.9
1110.78.180.10/3210.78.180.10 – 10.78.180.1010.78.180.10
1210.78.180.11/3210.78.180.11 – 10.78.180.1110.78.180.11
1310.78.180.12/3210.78.180.12 – 10.78.180.1210.78.180.12
1410.78.180.13/3210.78.180.13 – 10.78.180.1310.78.180.13
1510.78.180.14/3210.78.180.14 – 10.78.180.1410.78.180.14
1610.78.180.15/3210.78.180.15 – 10.78.180.1510.78.180.15
1710.78.180.16/3210.78.180.16 – 10.78.180.1610.78.180.16
1810.78.180.17/3210.78.180.17 – 10.78.180.1710.78.180.17
1910.78.180.18/3210.78.180.18 – 10.78.180.1810.78.180.18
2010.78.180.19/3210.78.180.19 – 10.78.180.1910.78.180.19
2110.78.180.20/3210.78.180.20 – 10.78.180.2010.78.180.20
2210.78.180.21/3210.78.180.21 – 10.78.180.2110.78.180.21
2310.78.180.22/3210.78.180.22 – 10.78.180.2210.78.180.22
2410.78.180.23/3210.78.180.23 – 10.78.180.2310.78.180.23
2510.78.180.24/3210.78.180.24 – 10.78.180.2410.78.180.24
2610.78.180.25/3210.78.180.25 – 10.78.180.2510.78.180.25
2710.78.180.26/3210.78.180.26 – 10.78.180.2610.78.180.26
2810.78.180.27/3210.78.180.27 – 10.78.180.2710.78.180.27
2910.78.180.28/3210.78.180.28 – 10.78.180.2810.78.180.28
3010.78.180.29/3210.78.180.29 – 10.78.180.2910.78.180.29
3110.78.180.30/3210.78.180.30 – 10.78.180.3010.78.180.30
3210.78.180.31/3210.78.180.31 – 10.78.180.3110.78.180.31
3310.78.180.32/3210.78.180.32 – 10.78.180.3210.78.180.32
3410.78.180.33/3210.78.180.33 – 10.78.180.3310.78.180.33
3510.78.180.34/3210.78.180.34 – 10.78.180.3410.78.180.34
3610.78.180.35/3210.78.180.35 – 10.78.180.3510.78.180.35
3710.78.180.36/3210.78.180.36 – 10.78.180.3610.78.180.36
3810.78.180.37/3210.78.180.37 – 10.78.180.3710.78.180.37
3910.78.180.38/3210.78.180.38 – 10.78.180.3810.78.180.38
4010.78.180.39/3210.78.180.39 – 10.78.180.3910.78.180.39
4110.78.180.40/3210.78.180.40 – 10.78.180.4010.78.180.40
4210.78.180.41/3210.78.180.41 – 10.78.180.4110.78.180.41
4310.78.180.42/3210.78.180.42 – 10.78.180.4210.78.180.42
4410.78.180.43/3210.78.180.43 – 10.78.180.4310.78.180.43
4510.78.180.44/3210.78.180.44 – 10.78.180.4410.78.180.44
4610.78.180.45/3210.78.180.45 – 10.78.180.4510.78.180.45
4710.78.180.46/3210.78.180.46 – 10.78.180.4610.78.180.46
4810.78.180.47/3210.78.180.47 – 10.78.180.4710.78.180.47
4910.78.180.48/3210.78.180.48 – 10.78.180.4810.78.180.48
5010.78.180.49/3210.78.180.49 – 10.78.180.4910.78.180.49
5110.78.180.50/3210.78.180.50 – 10.78.180.5010.78.180.50
5210.78.180.51/3210.78.180.51 – 10.78.180.5110.78.180.51
5310.78.180.52/3210.78.180.52 – 10.78.180.5210.78.180.52
5410.78.180.53/3210.78.180.53 – 10.78.180.5310.78.180.53
5510.78.180.54/3210.78.180.54 – 10.78.180.5410.78.180.54
5610.78.180.55/3210.78.180.55 – 10.78.180.5510.78.180.55
5710.78.180.56/3210.78.180.56 – 10.78.180.5610.78.180.56
5810.78.180.57/3210.78.180.57 – 10.78.180.5710.78.180.57
5910.78.180.58/3210.78.180.58 – 10.78.180.5810.78.180.58
6010.78.180.59/3210.78.180.59 – 10.78.180.5910.78.180.59
6110.78.180.60/3210.78.180.60 – 10.78.180.6010.78.180.60
6210.78.180.61/3210.78.180.61 – 10.78.180.6110.78.180.61
6310.78.180.62/3210.78.180.62 – 10.78.180.6210.78.180.62
6410.78.180.63/3210.78.180.63 – 10.78.180.6310.78.180.63
6510.78.180.64/3210.78.180.64 – 10.78.180.6410.78.180.64
6610.78.180.65/3210.78.180.65 – 10.78.180.6510.78.180.65
6710.78.180.66/3210.78.180.66 – 10.78.180.6610.78.180.66
6810.78.180.67/3210.78.180.67 – 10.78.180.6710.78.180.67
6910.78.180.68/3210.78.180.68 – 10.78.180.6810.78.180.68
7010.78.180.69/3210.78.180.69 – 10.78.180.6910.78.180.69
7110.78.180.70/3210.78.180.70 – 10.78.180.7010.78.180.70
7210.78.180.71/3210.78.180.71 – 10.78.180.7110.78.180.71
7310.78.180.72/3210.78.180.72 – 10.78.180.7210.78.180.72
7410.78.180.73/3210.78.180.73 – 10.78.180.7310.78.180.73
7510.78.180.74/3210.78.180.74 – 10.78.180.7410.78.180.74
7610.78.180.75/3210.78.180.75 – 10.78.180.7510.78.180.75
7710.78.180.76/3210.78.180.76 – 10.78.180.7610.78.180.76
7810.78.180.77/3210.78.180.77 – 10.78.180.7710.78.180.77
7910.78.180.78/3210.78.180.78 – 10.78.180.7810.78.180.78
8010.78.180.79/3210.78.180.79 – 10.78.180.7910.78.180.79
8110.78.180.80/3210.78.180.80 – 10.78.180.8010.78.180.80
8210.78.180.81/3210.78.180.81 – 10.78.180.8110.78.180.81
8310.78.180.82/3210.78.180.82 – 10.78.180.8210.78.180.82
8410.78.180.83/3210.78.180.83 – 10.78.180.8310.78.180.83
8510.78.180.84/3210.78.180.84 – 10.78.180.8410.78.180.84
8610.78.180.85/3210.78.180.85 – 10.78.180.8510.78.180.85
8710.78.180.86/3210.78.180.86 – 10.78.180.8610.78.180.86
8810.78.180.87/3210.78.180.87 – 10.78.180.8710.78.180.87
8910.78.180.88/3210.78.180.88 – 10.78.180.8810.78.180.88
9010.78.180.89/3210.78.180.89 – 10.78.180.8910.78.180.89
9110.78.180.90/3210.78.180.90 – 10.78.180.9010.78.180.90
9210.78.180.91/3210.78.180.91 – 10.78.180.9110.78.180.91
9310.78.180.92/3210.78.180.92 – 10.78.180.9210.78.180.92
9410.78.180.93/3210.78.180.93 – 10.78.180.9310.78.180.93
9510.78.180.94/3210.78.180.94 – 10.78.180.9410.78.180.94
9610.78.180.95/3210.78.180.95 – 10.78.180.9510.78.180.95
9710.78.180.96/3210.78.180.96 – 10.78.180.9610.78.180.96
9810.78.180.97/3210.78.180.97 – 10.78.180.9710.78.180.97
9910.78.180.98/3210.78.180.98 – 10.78.180.9810.78.180.98
10010.78.180.99/3210.78.180.99 – 10.78.180.9910.78.180.99
10110.78.180.100/3210.78.180.100 – 10.78.180.10010.78.180.100
10210.78.180.101/3210.78.180.101 – 10.78.180.10110.78.180.101
10310.78.180.102/3210.78.180.102 – 10.78.180.10210.78.180.102
10410.78.180.103/3210.78.180.103 – 10.78.180.10310.78.180.103
10510.78.180.104/3210.78.180.104 – 10.78.180.10410.78.180.104
10610.78.180.105/3210.78.180.105 – 10.78.180.10510.78.180.105
10710.78.180.106/3210.78.180.106 – 10.78.180.10610.78.180.106
10810.78.180.107/3210.78.180.107 – 10.78.180.10710.78.180.107
10910.78.180.108/3210.78.180.108 – 10.78.180.10810.78.180.108
11010.78.180.109/3210.78.180.109 – 10.78.180.10910.78.180.109
11110.78.180.110/3210.78.180.110 – 10.78.180.11010.78.180.110
11210.78.180.111/3210.78.180.111 – 10.78.180.11110.78.180.111
11310.78.180.112/3210.78.180.112 – 10.78.180.11210.78.180.112
11410.78.180.113/3210.78.180.113 – 10.78.180.11310.78.180.113
11510.78.180.114/3210.78.180.114 – 10.78.180.11410.78.180.114
11610.78.180.115/3210.78.180.115 – 10.78.180.11510.78.180.115
11710.78.180.116/3210.78.180.116 – 10.78.180.11610.78.180.116
11810.78.180.117/3210.78.180.117 – 10.78.180.11710.78.180.117
11910.78.180.118/3210.78.180.118 – 10.78.180.11810.78.180.118
12010.78.180.119/3210.78.180.119 – 10.78.180.11910.78.180.119
12110.78.180.120/3210.78.180.120 – 10.78.180.12010.78.180.120
12210.78.180.121/3210.78.180.121 – 10.78.180.12110.78.180.121
12310.78.180.122/3210.78.180.122 – 10.78.180.12210.78.180.122
12410.78.180.123/3210.78.180.123 – 10.78.180.12310.78.180.123
12510.78.180.124/3210.78.180.124 – 10.78.180.12410.78.180.124
12610.78.180.125/3210.78.180.125 – 10.78.180.12510.78.180.125
12710.78.180.126/3210.78.180.126 – 10.78.180.12610.78.180.126
12810.78.180.127/3210.78.180.127 – 10.78.180.12710.78.180.127
12910.78.180.128/3210.78.180.128 – 10.78.180.12810.78.180.128
13010.78.180.129/3210.78.180.129 – 10.78.180.12910.78.180.129
13110.78.180.130/3210.78.180.130 – 10.78.180.13010.78.180.130
13210.78.180.131/3210.78.180.131 – 10.78.180.13110.78.180.131
13310.78.180.132/3210.78.180.132 – 10.78.180.13210.78.180.132
13410.78.180.133/3210.78.180.133 – 10.78.180.13310.78.180.133
13510.78.180.134/3210.78.180.134 – 10.78.180.13410.78.180.134
13610.78.180.135/3210.78.180.135 – 10.78.180.13510.78.180.135
13710.78.180.136/3210.78.180.136 – 10.78.180.13610.78.180.136
13810.78.180.137/3210.78.180.137 – 10.78.180.13710.78.180.137
13910.78.180.138/3210.78.180.138 – 10.78.180.13810.78.180.138
14010.78.180.139/3210.78.180.139 – 10.78.180.13910.78.180.139
14110.78.180.140/3210.78.180.140 – 10.78.180.14010.78.180.140
14210.78.180.141/3210.78.180.141 – 10.78.180.14110.78.180.141
14310.78.180.142/3210.78.180.142 – 10.78.180.14210.78.180.142
14410.78.180.143/3210.78.180.143 – 10.78.180.14310.78.180.143
14510.78.180.144/3210.78.180.144 – 10.78.180.14410.78.180.144
14610.78.180.145/3210.78.180.145 – 10.78.180.14510.78.180.145
14710.78.180.146/3210.78.180.146 – 10.78.180.14610.78.180.146
14810.78.180.147/3210.78.180.147 – 10.78.180.14710.78.180.147
14910.78.180.148/3210.78.180.148 – 10.78.180.14810.78.180.148
15010.78.180.149/3210.78.180.149 – 10.78.180.14910.78.180.149
15110.78.180.150/3210.78.180.150 – 10.78.180.15010.78.180.150
15210.78.180.151/3210.78.180.151 – 10.78.180.15110.78.180.151
15310.78.180.152/3210.78.180.152 – 10.78.180.15210.78.180.152
15410.78.180.153/3210.78.180.153 – 10.78.180.15310.78.180.153
15510.78.180.154/3210.78.180.154 – 10.78.180.15410.78.180.154
15610.78.180.155/3210.78.180.155 – 10.78.180.15510.78.180.155
15710.78.180.156/3210.78.180.156 – 10.78.180.15610.78.180.156
15810.78.180.157/3210.78.180.157 – 10.78.180.15710.78.180.157
15910.78.180.158/3210.78.180.158 – 10.78.180.15810.78.180.158
16010.78.180.159/3210.78.180.159 – 10.78.180.15910.78.180.159
16110.78.180.160/3210.78.180.160 – 10.78.180.16010.78.180.160
16210.78.180.161/3210.78.180.161 – 10.78.180.16110.78.180.161
16310.78.180.162/3210.78.180.162 – 10.78.180.16210.78.180.162
16410.78.180.163/3210.78.180.163 – 10.78.180.16310.78.180.163
16510.78.180.164/3210.78.180.164 – 10.78.180.16410.78.180.164
16610.78.180.165/3210.78.180.165 – 10.78.180.16510.78.180.165
16710.78.180.166/3210.78.180.166 – 10.78.180.16610.78.180.166
16810.78.180.167/3210.78.180.167 – 10.78.180.16710.78.180.167
16910.78.180.168/3210.78.180.168 – 10.78.180.16810.78.180.168
17010.78.180.169/3210.78.180.169 – 10.78.180.16910.78.180.169
17110.78.180.170/3210.78.180.170 – 10.78.180.17010.78.180.170
17210.78.180.171/3210.78.180.171 – 10.78.180.17110.78.180.171
17310.78.180.172/3210.78.180.172 – 10.78.180.17210.78.180.172
17410.78.180.173/3210.78.180.173 – 10.78.180.17310.78.180.173
17510.78.180.174/3210.78.180.174 – 10.78.180.17410.78.180.174
17610.78.180.175/3210.78.180.175 – 10.78.180.17510.78.180.175
17710.78.180.176/3210.78.180.176 – 10.78.180.17610.78.180.176
17810.78.180.177/3210.78.180.177 – 10.78.180.17710.78.180.177
17910.78.180.178/3210.78.180.178 – 10.78.180.17810.78.180.178
18010.78.180.179/3210.78.180.179 – 10.78.180.17910.78.180.179
18110.78.180.180/3210.78.180.180 – 10.78.180.18010.78.180.180
18210.78.180.181/3210.78.180.181 – 10.78.180.18110.78.180.181
18310.78.180.182/3210.78.180.182 – 10.78.180.18210.78.180.182
18410.78.180.183/3210.78.180.183 – 10.78.180.18310.78.180.183
18510.78.180.184/3210.78.180.184 – 10.78.180.18410.78.180.184
18610.78.180.185/3210.78.180.185 – 10.78.180.18510.78.180.185
18710.78.180.186/3210.78.180.186 – 10.78.180.18610.78.180.186
18810.78.180.187/3210.78.180.187 – 10.78.180.18710.78.180.187
18910.78.180.188/3210.78.180.188 – 10.78.180.18810.78.180.188
19010.78.180.189/3210.78.180.189 – 10.78.180.18910.78.180.189
19110.78.180.190/3210.78.180.190 – 10.78.180.19010.78.180.190
19210.78.180.191/3210.78.180.191 – 10.78.180.19110.78.180.191
19310.78.180.192/3210.78.180.192 – 10.78.180.19210.78.180.192
19410.78.180.193/3210.78.180.193 – 10.78.180.19310.78.180.193
19510.78.180.194/3210.78.180.194 – 10.78.180.19410.78.180.194
19610.78.180.195/3210.78.180.195 – 10.78.180.19510.78.180.195
19710.78.180.196/3210.78.180.196 – 10.78.180.19610.78.180.196
19810.78.180.197/3210.78.180.197 – 10.78.180.19710.78.180.197
19910.78.180.198/3210.78.180.198 – 10.78.180.19810.78.180.198
20010.78.180.199/3210.78.180.199 – 10.78.180.19910.78.180.199
20110.78.180.200/3210.78.180.200 – 10.78.180.20010.78.180.200
20210.78.180.201/3210.78.180.201 – 10.78.180.20110.78.180.201
20310.78.180.202/3210.78.180.202 – 10.78.180.20210.78.180.202
20410.78.180.203/3210.78.180.203 – 10.78.180.20310.78.180.203
20510.78.180.204/3210.78.180.204 – 10.78.180.20410.78.180.204
20610.78.180.205/3210.78.180.205 – 10.78.180.20510.78.180.205
20710.78.180.206/3210.78.180.206 – 10.78.180.20610.78.180.206
20810.78.180.207/3210.78.180.207 – 10.78.180.20710.78.180.207
20910.78.180.208/3210.78.180.208 – 10.78.180.20810.78.180.208
21010.78.180.209/3210.78.180.209 – 10.78.180.20910.78.180.209
21110.78.180.210/3210.78.180.210 – 10.78.180.21010.78.180.210
21210.78.180.211/3210.78.180.211 – 10.78.180.21110.78.180.211
21310.78.180.212/3210.78.180.212 – 10.78.180.21210.78.180.212
21410.78.180.213/3210.78.180.213 – 10.78.180.21310.78.180.213
21510.78.180.214/3210.78.180.214 – 10.78.180.21410.78.180.214
21610.78.180.215/3210.78.180.215 – 10.78.180.21510.78.180.215
21710.78.180.216/3210.78.180.216 – 10.78.180.21610.78.180.216
21810.78.180.217/3210.78.180.217 – 10.78.180.21710.78.180.217
21910.78.180.218/3210.78.180.218 – 10.78.180.21810.78.180.218
22010.78.180.219/3210.78.180.219 – 10.78.180.21910.78.180.219
22110.78.180.220/3210.78.180.220 – 10.78.180.22010.78.180.220
22210.78.180.221/3210.78.180.221 – 10.78.180.22110.78.180.221
22310.78.180.222/3210.78.180.222 – 10.78.180.22210.78.180.222
22410.78.180.223/3210.78.180.223 – 10.78.180.22310.78.180.223
22510.78.180.224/3210.78.180.224 – 10.78.180.22410.78.180.224
22610.78.180.225/3210.78.180.225 – 10.78.180.22510.78.180.225
22710.78.180.226/3210.78.180.226 – 10.78.180.22610.78.180.226
22810.78.180.227/3210.78.180.227 – 10.78.180.22710.78.180.227
22910.78.180.228/3210.78.180.228 – 10.78.180.22810.78.180.228
23010.78.180.229/3210.78.180.229 – 10.78.180.22910.78.180.229
23110.78.180.230/3210.78.180.230 – 10.78.180.23010.78.180.230
23210.78.180.231/3210.78.180.231 – 10.78.180.23110.78.180.231
23310.78.180.232/3210.78.180.232 – 10.78.180.23210.78.180.232
23410.78.180.233/3210.78.180.233 – 10.78.180.23310.78.180.233
23510.78.180.234/3210.78.180.234 – 10.78.180.23410.78.180.234
23610.78.180.235/3210.78.180.235 – 10.78.180.23510.78.180.235
23710.78.180.236/3210.78.180.236 – 10.78.180.23610.78.180.236
23810.78.180.237/3210.78.180.237 – 10.78.180.23710.78.180.237
23910.78.180.238/3210.78.180.238 – 10.78.180.23810.78.180.238
24010.78.180.239/3210.78.180.239 – 10.78.180.23910.78.180.239
24110.78.180.240/3210.78.180.240 – 10.78.180.24010.78.180.240
24210.78.180.241/3210.78.180.241 – 10.78.180.24110.78.180.241
24310.78.180.242/3210.78.180.242 – 10.78.180.24210.78.180.242
24410.78.180.243/3210.78.180.243 – 10.78.180.24310.78.180.243
24510.78.180.244/3210.78.180.244 – 10.78.180.24410.78.180.244
24610.78.180.245/3210.78.180.245 – 10.78.180.24510.78.180.245
24710.78.180.246/3210.78.180.246 – 10.78.180.24610.78.180.246
24810.78.180.247/3210.78.180.247 – 10.78.180.24710.78.180.247
24910.78.180.248/3210.78.180.248 – 10.78.180.24810.78.180.248
25010.78.180.249/3210.78.180.249 – 10.78.180.24910.78.180.249
25110.78.180.250/3210.78.180.250 – 10.78.180.25010.78.180.250
25210.78.180.251/3210.78.180.251 – 10.78.180.25110.78.180.251
25310.78.180.252/3210.78.180.252 – 10.78.180.25210.78.180.252
25410.78.180.253/3210.78.180.253 – 10.78.180.25310.78.180.253
25510.78.180.254/3210.78.180.254 – 10.78.180.25410.78.180.254
25610.78.180.255/3210.78.180.255 – 10.78.180.25510.78.180.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →