ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.157.0/24
network10.78.157.0/24
broadcast10.78.157.255
first host10.78.157.1
last host10.78.157.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.78.157.0/24
address00001010.01001110.10011101.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.01001110.10011101.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.10011101.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e9d00
decimal172924160
reverse dns0.157.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:9d00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.157.0/3210.78.157.0 – 10.78.157.010.78.157.0
210.78.157.1/3210.78.157.1 – 10.78.157.110.78.157.1
310.78.157.2/3210.78.157.2 – 10.78.157.210.78.157.2
410.78.157.3/3210.78.157.3 – 10.78.157.310.78.157.3
510.78.157.4/3210.78.157.4 – 10.78.157.410.78.157.4
610.78.157.5/3210.78.157.5 – 10.78.157.510.78.157.5
710.78.157.6/3210.78.157.6 – 10.78.157.610.78.157.6
810.78.157.7/3210.78.157.7 – 10.78.157.710.78.157.7
910.78.157.8/3210.78.157.8 – 10.78.157.810.78.157.8
1010.78.157.9/3210.78.157.9 – 10.78.157.910.78.157.9
1110.78.157.10/3210.78.157.10 – 10.78.157.1010.78.157.10
1210.78.157.11/3210.78.157.11 – 10.78.157.1110.78.157.11
1310.78.157.12/3210.78.157.12 – 10.78.157.1210.78.157.12
1410.78.157.13/3210.78.157.13 – 10.78.157.1310.78.157.13
1510.78.157.14/3210.78.157.14 – 10.78.157.1410.78.157.14
1610.78.157.15/3210.78.157.15 – 10.78.157.1510.78.157.15
1710.78.157.16/3210.78.157.16 – 10.78.157.1610.78.157.16
1810.78.157.17/3210.78.157.17 – 10.78.157.1710.78.157.17
1910.78.157.18/3210.78.157.18 – 10.78.157.1810.78.157.18
2010.78.157.19/3210.78.157.19 – 10.78.157.1910.78.157.19
2110.78.157.20/3210.78.157.20 – 10.78.157.2010.78.157.20
2210.78.157.21/3210.78.157.21 – 10.78.157.2110.78.157.21
2310.78.157.22/3210.78.157.22 – 10.78.157.2210.78.157.22
2410.78.157.23/3210.78.157.23 – 10.78.157.2310.78.157.23
2510.78.157.24/3210.78.157.24 – 10.78.157.2410.78.157.24
2610.78.157.25/3210.78.157.25 – 10.78.157.2510.78.157.25
2710.78.157.26/3210.78.157.26 – 10.78.157.2610.78.157.26
2810.78.157.27/3210.78.157.27 – 10.78.157.2710.78.157.27
2910.78.157.28/3210.78.157.28 – 10.78.157.2810.78.157.28
3010.78.157.29/3210.78.157.29 – 10.78.157.2910.78.157.29
3110.78.157.30/3210.78.157.30 – 10.78.157.3010.78.157.30
3210.78.157.31/3210.78.157.31 – 10.78.157.3110.78.157.31
3310.78.157.32/3210.78.157.32 – 10.78.157.3210.78.157.32
3410.78.157.33/3210.78.157.33 – 10.78.157.3310.78.157.33
3510.78.157.34/3210.78.157.34 – 10.78.157.3410.78.157.34
3610.78.157.35/3210.78.157.35 – 10.78.157.3510.78.157.35
3710.78.157.36/3210.78.157.36 – 10.78.157.3610.78.157.36
3810.78.157.37/3210.78.157.37 – 10.78.157.3710.78.157.37
3910.78.157.38/3210.78.157.38 – 10.78.157.3810.78.157.38
4010.78.157.39/3210.78.157.39 – 10.78.157.3910.78.157.39
4110.78.157.40/3210.78.157.40 – 10.78.157.4010.78.157.40
4210.78.157.41/3210.78.157.41 – 10.78.157.4110.78.157.41
4310.78.157.42/3210.78.157.42 – 10.78.157.4210.78.157.42
4410.78.157.43/3210.78.157.43 – 10.78.157.4310.78.157.43
4510.78.157.44/3210.78.157.44 – 10.78.157.4410.78.157.44
4610.78.157.45/3210.78.157.45 – 10.78.157.4510.78.157.45
4710.78.157.46/3210.78.157.46 – 10.78.157.4610.78.157.46
4810.78.157.47/3210.78.157.47 – 10.78.157.4710.78.157.47
4910.78.157.48/3210.78.157.48 – 10.78.157.4810.78.157.48
5010.78.157.49/3210.78.157.49 – 10.78.157.4910.78.157.49
5110.78.157.50/3210.78.157.50 – 10.78.157.5010.78.157.50
5210.78.157.51/3210.78.157.51 – 10.78.157.5110.78.157.51
5310.78.157.52/3210.78.157.52 – 10.78.157.5210.78.157.52
5410.78.157.53/3210.78.157.53 – 10.78.157.5310.78.157.53
5510.78.157.54/3210.78.157.54 – 10.78.157.5410.78.157.54
5610.78.157.55/3210.78.157.55 – 10.78.157.5510.78.157.55
5710.78.157.56/3210.78.157.56 – 10.78.157.5610.78.157.56
5810.78.157.57/3210.78.157.57 – 10.78.157.5710.78.157.57
5910.78.157.58/3210.78.157.58 – 10.78.157.5810.78.157.58
6010.78.157.59/3210.78.157.59 – 10.78.157.5910.78.157.59
6110.78.157.60/3210.78.157.60 – 10.78.157.6010.78.157.60
6210.78.157.61/3210.78.157.61 – 10.78.157.6110.78.157.61
6310.78.157.62/3210.78.157.62 – 10.78.157.6210.78.157.62
6410.78.157.63/3210.78.157.63 – 10.78.157.6310.78.157.63
6510.78.157.64/3210.78.157.64 – 10.78.157.6410.78.157.64
6610.78.157.65/3210.78.157.65 – 10.78.157.6510.78.157.65
6710.78.157.66/3210.78.157.66 – 10.78.157.6610.78.157.66
6810.78.157.67/3210.78.157.67 – 10.78.157.6710.78.157.67
6910.78.157.68/3210.78.157.68 – 10.78.157.6810.78.157.68
7010.78.157.69/3210.78.157.69 – 10.78.157.6910.78.157.69
7110.78.157.70/3210.78.157.70 – 10.78.157.7010.78.157.70
7210.78.157.71/3210.78.157.71 – 10.78.157.7110.78.157.71
7310.78.157.72/3210.78.157.72 – 10.78.157.7210.78.157.72
7410.78.157.73/3210.78.157.73 – 10.78.157.7310.78.157.73
7510.78.157.74/3210.78.157.74 – 10.78.157.7410.78.157.74
7610.78.157.75/3210.78.157.75 – 10.78.157.7510.78.157.75
7710.78.157.76/3210.78.157.76 – 10.78.157.7610.78.157.76
7810.78.157.77/3210.78.157.77 – 10.78.157.7710.78.157.77
7910.78.157.78/3210.78.157.78 – 10.78.157.7810.78.157.78
8010.78.157.79/3210.78.157.79 – 10.78.157.7910.78.157.79
8110.78.157.80/3210.78.157.80 – 10.78.157.8010.78.157.80
8210.78.157.81/3210.78.157.81 – 10.78.157.8110.78.157.81
8310.78.157.82/3210.78.157.82 – 10.78.157.8210.78.157.82
8410.78.157.83/3210.78.157.83 – 10.78.157.8310.78.157.83
8510.78.157.84/3210.78.157.84 – 10.78.157.8410.78.157.84
8610.78.157.85/3210.78.157.85 – 10.78.157.8510.78.157.85
8710.78.157.86/3210.78.157.86 – 10.78.157.8610.78.157.86
8810.78.157.87/3210.78.157.87 – 10.78.157.8710.78.157.87
8910.78.157.88/3210.78.157.88 – 10.78.157.8810.78.157.88
9010.78.157.89/3210.78.157.89 – 10.78.157.8910.78.157.89
9110.78.157.90/3210.78.157.90 – 10.78.157.9010.78.157.90
9210.78.157.91/3210.78.157.91 – 10.78.157.9110.78.157.91
9310.78.157.92/3210.78.157.92 – 10.78.157.9210.78.157.92
9410.78.157.93/3210.78.157.93 – 10.78.157.9310.78.157.93
9510.78.157.94/3210.78.157.94 – 10.78.157.9410.78.157.94
9610.78.157.95/3210.78.157.95 – 10.78.157.9510.78.157.95
9710.78.157.96/3210.78.157.96 – 10.78.157.9610.78.157.96
9810.78.157.97/3210.78.157.97 – 10.78.157.9710.78.157.97
9910.78.157.98/3210.78.157.98 – 10.78.157.9810.78.157.98
10010.78.157.99/3210.78.157.99 – 10.78.157.9910.78.157.99
10110.78.157.100/3210.78.157.100 – 10.78.157.10010.78.157.100
10210.78.157.101/3210.78.157.101 – 10.78.157.10110.78.157.101
10310.78.157.102/3210.78.157.102 – 10.78.157.10210.78.157.102
10410.78.157.103/3210.78.157.103 – 10.78.157.10310.78.157.103
10510.78.157.104/3210.78.157.104 – 10.78.157.10410.78.157.104
10610.78.157.105/3210.78.157.105 – 10.78.157.10510.78.157.105
10710.78.157.106/3210.78.157.106 – 10.78.157.10610.78.157.106
10810.78.157.107/3210.78.157.107 – 10.78.157.10710.78.157.107
10910.78.157.108/3210.78.157.108 – 10.78.157.10810.78.157.108
11010.78.157.109/3210.78.157.109 – 10.78.157.10910.78.157.109
11110.78.157.110/3210.78.157.110 – 10.78.157.11010.78.157.110
11210.78.157.111/3210.78.157.111 – 10.78.157.11110.78.157.111
11310.78.157.112/3210.78.157.112 – 10.78.157.11210.78.157.112
11410.78.157.113/3210.78.157.113 – 10.78.157.11310.78.157.113
11510.78.157.114/3210.78.157.114 – 10.78.157.11410.78.157.114
11610.78.157.115/3210.78.157.115 – 10.78.157.11510.78.157.115
11710.78.157.116/3210.78.157.116 – 10.78.157.11610.78.157.116
11810.78.157.117/3210.78.157.117 – 10.78.157.11710.78.157.117
11910.78.157.118/3210.78.157.118 – 10.78.157.11810.78.157.118
12010.78.157.119/3210.78.157.119 – 10.78.157.11910.78.157.119
12110.78.157.120/3210.78.157.120 – 10.78.157.12010.78.157.120
12210.78.157.121/3210.78.157.121 – 10.78.157.12110.78.157.121
12310.78.157.122/3210.78.157.122 – 10.78.157.12210.78.157.122
12410.78.157.123/3210.78.157.123 – 10.78.157.12310.78.157.123
12510.78.157.124/3210.78.157.124 – 10.78.157.12410.78.157.124
12610.78.157.125/3210.78.157.125 – 10.78.157.12510.78.157.125
12710.78.157.126/3210.78.157.126 – 10.78.157.12610.78.157.126
12810.78.157.127/3210.78.157.127 – 10.78.157.12710.78.157.127
12910.78.157.128/3210.78.157.128 – 10.78.157.12810.78.157.128
13010.78.157.129/3210.78.157.129 – 10.78.157.12910.78.157.129
13110.78.157.130/3210.78.157.130 – 10.78.157.13010.78.157.130
13210.78.157.131/3210.78.157.131 – 10.78.157.13110.78.157.131
13310.78.157.132/3210.78.157.132 – 10.78.157.13210.78.157.132
13410.78.157.133/3210.78.157.133 – 10.78.157.13310.78.157.133
13510.78.157.134/3210.78.157.134 – 10.78.157.13410.78.157.134
13610.78.157.135/3210.78.157.135 – 10.78.157.13510.78.157.135
13710.78.157.136/3210.78.157.136 – 10.78.157.13610.78.157.136
13810.78.157.137/3210.78.157.137 – 10.78.157.13710.78.157.137
13910.78.157.138/3210.78.157.138 – 10.78.157.13810.78.157.138
14010.78.157.139/3210.78.157.139 – 10.78.157.13910.78.157.139
14110.78.157.140/3210.78.157.140 – 10.78.157.14010.78.157.140
14210.78.157.141/3210.78.157.141 – 10.78.157.14110.78.157.141
14310.78.157.142/3210.78.157.142 – 10.78.157.14210.78.157.142
14410.78.157.143/3210.78.157.143 – 10.78.157.14310.78.157.143
14510.78.157.144/3210.78.157.144 – 10.78.157.14410.78.157.144
14610.78.157.145/3210.78.157.145 – 10.78.157.14510.78.157.145
14710.78.157.146/3210.78.157.146 – 10.78.157.14610.78.157.146
14810.78.157.147/3210.78.157.147 – 10.78.157.14710.78.157.147
14910.78.157.148/3210.78.157.148 – 10.78.157.14810.78.157.148
15010.78.157.149/3210.78.157.149 – 10.78.157.14910.78.157.149
15110.78.157.150/3210.78.157.150 – 10.78.157.15010.78.157.150
15210.78.157.151/3210.78.157.151 – 10.78.157.15110.78.157.151
15310.78.157.152/3210.78.157.152 – 10.78.157.15210.78.157.152
15410.78.157.153/3210.78.157.153 – 10.78.157.15310.78.157.153
15510.78.157.154/3210.78.157.154 – 10.78.157.15410.78.157.154
15610.78.157.155/3210.78.157.155 – 10.78.157.15510.78.157.155
15710.78.157.156/3210.78.157.156 – 10.78.157.15610.78.157.156
15810.78.157.157/3210.78.157.157 – 10.78.157.15710.78.157.157
15910.78.157.158/3210.78.157.158 – 10.78.157.15810.78.157.158
16010.78.157.159/3210.78.157.159 – 10.78.157.15910.78.157.159
16110.78.157.160/3210.78.157.160 – 10.78.157.16010.78.157.160
16210.78.157.161/3210.78.157.161 – 10.78.157.16110.78.157.161
16310.78.157.162/3210.78.157.162 – 10.78.157.16210.78.157.162
16410.78.157.163/3210.78.157.163 – 10.78.157.16310.78.157.163
16510.78.157.164/3210.78.157.164 – 10.78.157.16410.78.157.164
16610.78.157.165/3210.78.157.165 – 10.78.157.16510.78.157.165
16710.78.157.166/3210.78.157.166 – 10.78.157.16610.78.157.166
16810.78.157.167/3210.78.157.167 – 10.78.157.16710.78.157.167
16910.78.157.168/3210.78.157.168 – 10.78.157.16810.78.157.168
17010.78.157.169/3210.78.157.169 – 10.78.157.16910.78.157.169
17110.78.157.170/3210.78.157.170 – 10.78.157.17010.78.157.170
17210.78.157.171/3210.78.157.171 – 10.78.157.17110.78.157.171
17310.78.157.172/3210.78.157.172 – 10.78.157.17210.78.157.172
17410.78.157.173/3210.78.157.173 – 10.78.157.17310.78.157.173
17510.78.157.174/3210.78.157.174 – 10.78.157.17410.78.157.174
17610.78.157.175/3210.78.157.175 – 10.78.157.17510.78.157.175
17710.78.157.176/3210.78.157.176 – 10.78.157.17610.78.157.176
17810.78.157.177/3210.78.157.177 – 10.78.157.17710.78.157.177
17910.78.157.178/3210.78.157.178 – 10.78.157.17810.78.157.178
18010.78.157.179/3210.78.157.179 – 10.78.157.17910.78.157.179
18110.78.157.180/3210.78.157.180 – 10.78.157.18010.78.157.180
18210.78.157.181/3210.78.157.181 – 10.78.157.18110.78.157.181
18310.78.157.182/3210.78.157.182 – 10.78.157.18210.78.157.182
18410.78.157.183/3210.78.157.183 – 10.78.157.18310.78.157.183
18510.78.157.184/3210.78.157.184 – 10.78.157.18410.78.157.184
18610.78.157.185/3210.78.157.185 – 10.78.157.18510.78.157.185
18710.78.157.186/3210.78.157.186 – 10.78.157.18610.78.157.186
18810.78.157.187/3210.78.157.187 – 10.78.157.18710.78.157.187
18910.78.157.188/3210.78.157.188 – 10.78.157.18810.78.157.188
19010.78.157.189/3210.78.157.189 – 10.78.157.18910.78.157.189
19110.78.157.190/3210.78.157.190 – 10.78.157.19010.78.157.190
19210.78.157.191/3210.78.157.191 – 10.78.157.19110.78.157.191
19310.78.157.192/3210.78.157.192 – 10.78.157.19210.78.157.192
19410.78.157.193/3210.78.157.193 – 10.78.157.19310.78.157.193
19510.78.157.194/3210.78.157.194 – 10.78.157.19410.78.157.194
19610.78.157.195/3210.78.157.195 – 10.78.157.19510.78.157.195
19710.78.157.196/3210.78.157.196 – 10.78.157.19610.78.157.196
19810.78.157.197/3210.78.157.197 – 10.78.157.19710.78.157.197
19910.78.157.198/3210.78.157.198 – 10.78.157.19810.78.157.198
20010.78.157.199/3210.78.157.199 – 10.78.157.19910.78.157.199
20110.78.157.200/3210.78.157.200 – 10.78.157.20010.78.157.200
20210.78.157.201/3210.78.157.201 – 10.78.157.20110.78.157.201
20310.78.157.202/3210.78.157.202 – 10.78.157.20210.78.157.202
20410.78.157.203/3210.78.157.203 – 10.78.157.20310.78.157.203
20510.78.157.204/3210.78.157.204 – 10.78.157.20410.78.157.204
20610.78.157.205/3210.78.157.205 – 10.78.157.20510.78.157.205
20710.78.157.206/3210.78.157.206 – 10.78.157.20610.78.157.206
20810.78.157.207/3210.78.157.207 – 10.78.157.20710.78.157.207
20910.78.157.208/3210.78.157.208 – 10.78.157.20810.78.157.208
21010.78.157.209/3210.78.157.209 – 10.78.157.20910.78.157.209
21110.78.157.210/3210.78.157.210 – 10.78.157.21010.78.157.210
21210.78.157.211/3210.78.157.211 – 10.78.157.21110.78.157.211
21310.78.157.212/3210.78.157.212 – 10.78.157.21210.78.157.212
21410.78.157.213/3210.78.157.213 – 10.78.157.21310.78.157.213
21510.78.157.214/3210.78.157.214 – 10.78.157.21410.78.157.214
21610.78.157.215/3210.78.157.215 – 10.78.157.21510.78.157.215
21710.78.157.216/3210.78.157.216 – 10.78.157.21610.78.157.216
21810.78.157.217/3210.78.157.217 – 10.78.157.21710.78.157.217
21910.78.157.218/3210.78.157.218 – 10.78.157.21810.78.157.218
22010.78.157.219/3210.78.157.219 – 10.78.157.21910.78.157.219
22110.78.157.220/3210.78.157.220 – 10.78.157.22010.78.157.220
22210.78.157.221/3210.78.157.221 – 10.78.157.22110.78.157.221
22310.78.157.222/3210.78.157.222 – 10.78.157.22210.78.157.222
22410.78.157.223/3210.78.157.223 – 10.78.157.22310.78.157.223
22510.78.157.224/3210.78.157.224 – 10.78.157.22410.78.157.224
22610.78.157.225/3210.78.157.225 – 10.78.157.22510.78.157.225
22710.78.157.226/3210.78.157.226 – 10.78.157.22610.78.157.226
22810.78.157.227/3210.78.157.227 – 10.78.157.22710.78.157.227
22910.78.157.228/3210.78.157.228 – 10.78.157.22810.78.157.228
23010.78.157.229/3210.78.157.229 – 10.78.157.22910.78.157.229
23110.78.157.230/3210.78.157.230 – 10.78.157.23010.78.157.230
23210.78.157.231/3210.78.157.231 – 10.78.157.23110.78.157.231
23310.78.157.232/3210.78.157.232 – 10.78.157.23210.78.157.232
23410.78.157.233/3210.78.157.233 – 10.78.157.23310.78.157.233
23510.78.157.234/3210.78.157.234 – 10.78.157.23410.78.157.234
23610.78.157.235/3210.78.157.235 – 10.78.157.23510.78.157.235
23710.78.157.236/3210.78.157.236 – 10.78.157.23610.78.157.236
23810.78.157.237/3210.78.157.237 – 10.78.157.23710.78.157.237
23910.78.157.238/3210.78.157.238 – 10.78.157.23810.78.157.238
24010.78.157.239/3210.78.157.239 – 10.78.157.23910.78.157.239
24110.78.157.240/3210.78.157.240 – 10.78.157.24010.78.157.240
24210.78.157.241/3210.78.157.241 – 10.78.157.24110.78.157.241
24310.78.157.242/3210.78.157.242 – 10.78.157.24210.78.157.242
24410.78.157.243/3210.78.157.243 – 10.78.157.24310.78.157.243
24510.78.157.244/3210.78.157.244 – 10.78.157.24410.78.157.244
24610.78.157.245/3210.78.157.245 – 10.78.157.24510.78.157.245
24710.78.157.246/3210.78.157.246 – 10.78.157.24610.78.157.246
24810.78.157.247/3210.78.157.247 – 10.78.157.24710.78.157.247
24910.78.157.248/3210.78.157.248 – 10.78.157.24810.78.157.248
25010.78.157.249/3210.78.157.249 – 10.78.157.24910.78.157.249
25110.78.157.250/3210.78.157.250 – 10.78.157.25010.78.157.250
25210.78.157.251/3210.78.157.251 – 10.78.157.25110.78.157.251
25310.78.157.252/3210.78.157.252 – 10.78.157.25210.78.157.252
25410.78.157.253/3210.78.157.253 – 10.78.157.25310.78.157.253
25510.78.157.254/3210.78.157.254 – 10.78.157.25410.78.157.254
25610.78.157.255/3210.78.157.255 – 10.78.157.25510.78.157.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →