ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.155.0/24
network10.78.155.0/24
broadcast10.78.155.255
first host10.78.155.1
last host10.78.155.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.78.155.0/24
address00001010.01001110.10011011.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.01001110.10011011.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.10011011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e9b00
decimal172923648
reverse dns0.155.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:9b00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.155.0/3210.78.155.0 – 10.78.155.010.78.155.0
210.78.155.1/3210.78.155.1 – 10.78.155.110.78.155.1
310.78.155.2/3210.78.155.2 – 10.78.155.210.78.155.2
410.78.155.3/3210.78.155.3 – 10.78.155.310.78.155.3
510.78.155.4/3210.78.155.4 – 10.78.155.410.78.155.4
610.78.155.5/3210.78.155.5 – 10.78.155.510.78.155.5
710.78.155.6/3210.78.155.6 – 10.78.155.610.78.155.6
810.78.155.7/3210.78.155.7 – 10.78.155.710.78.155.7
910.78.155.8/3210.78.155.8 – 10.78.155.810.78.155.8
1010.78.155.9/3210.78.155.9 – 10.78.155.910.78.155.9
1110.78.155.10/3210.78.155.10 – 10.78.155.1010.78.155.10
1210.78.155.11/3210.78.155.11 – 10.78.155.1110.78.155.11
1310.78.155.12/3210.78.155.12 – 10.78.155.1210.78.155.12
1410.78.155.13/3210.78.155.13 – 10.78.155.1310.78.155.13
1510.78.155.14/3210.78.155.14 – 10.78.155.1410.78.155.14
1610.78.155.15/3210.78.155.15 – 10.78.155.1510.78.155.15
1710.78.155.16/3210.78.155.16 – 10.78.155.1610.78.155.16
1810.78.155.17/3210.78.155.17 – 10.78.155.1710.78.155.17
1910.78.155.18/3210.78.155.18 – 10.78.155.1810.78.155.18
2010.78.155.19/3210.78.155.19 – 10.78.155.1910.78.155.19
2110.78.155.20/3210.78.155.20 – 10.78.155.2010.78.155.20
2210.78.155.21/3210.78.155.21 – 10.78.155.2110.78.155.21
2310.78.155.22/3210.78.155.22 – 10.78.155.2210.78.155.22
2410.78.155.23/3210.78.155.23 – 10.78.155.2310.78.155.23
2510.78.155.24/3210.78.155.24 – 10.78.155.2410.78.155.24
2610.78.155.25/3210.78.155.25 – 10.78.155.2510.78.155.25
2710.78.155.26/3210.78.155.26 – 10.78.155.2610.78.155.26
2810.78.155.27/3210.78.155.27 – 10.78.155.2710.78.155.27
2910.78.155.28/3210.78.155.28 – 10.78.155.2810.78.155.28
3010.78.155.29/3210.78.155.29 – 10.78.155.2910.78.155.29
3110.78.155.30/3210.78.155.30 – 10.78.155.3010.78.155.30
3210.78.155.31/3210.78.155.31 – 10.78.155.3110.78.155.31
3310.78.155.32/3210.78.155.32 – 10.78.155.3210.78.155.32
3410.78.155.33/3210.78.155.33 – 10.78.155.3310.78.155.33
3510.78.155.34/3210.78.155.34 – 10.78.155.3410.78.155.34
3610.78.155.35/3210.78.155.35 – 10.78.155.3510.78.155.35
3710.78.155.36/3210.78.155.36 – 10.78.155.3610.78.155.36
3810.78.155.37/3210.78.155.37 – 10.78.155.3710.78.155.37
3910.78.155.38/3210.78.155.38 – 10.78.155.3810.78.155.38
4010.78.155.39/3210.78.155.39 – 10.78.155.3910.78.155.39
4110.78.155.40/3210.78.155.40 – 10.78.155.4010.78.155.40
4210.78.155.41/3210.78.155.41 – 10.78.155.4110.78.155.41
4310.78.155.42/3210.78.155.42 – 10.78.155.4210.78.155.42
4410.78.155.43/3210.78.155.43 – 10.78.155.4310.78.155.43
4510.78.155.44/3210.78.155.44 – 10.78.155.4410.78.155.44
4610.78.155.45/3210.78.155.45 – 10.78.155.4510.78.155.45
4710.78.155.46/3210.78.155.46 – 10.78.155.4610.78.155.46
4810.78.155.47/3210.78.155.47 – 10.78.155.4710.78.155.47
4910.78.155.48/3210.78.155.48 – 10.78.155.4810.78.155.48
5010.78.155.49/3210.78.155.49 – 10.78.155.4910.78.155.49
5110.78.155.50/3210.78.155.50 – 10.78.155.5010.78.155.50
5210.78.155.51/3210.78.155.51 – 10.78.155.5110.78.155.51
5310.78.155.52/3210.78.155.52 – 10.78.155.5210.78.155.52
5410.78.155.53/3210.78.155.53 – 10.78.155.5310.78.155.53
5510.78.155.54/3210.78.155.54 – 10.78.155.5410.78.155.54
5610.78.155.55/3210.78.155.55 – 10.78.155.5510.78.155.55
5710.78.155.56/3210.78.155.56 – 10.78.155.5610.78.155.56
5810.78.155.57/3210.78.155.57 – 10.78.155.5710.78.155.57
5910.78.155.58/3210.78.155.58 – 10.78.155.5810.78.155.58
6010.78.155.59/3210.78.155.59 – 10.78.155.5910.78.155.59
6110.78.155.60/3210.78.155.60 – 10.78.155.6010.78.155.60
6210.78.155.61/3210.78.155.61 – 10.78.155.6110.78.155.61
6310.78.155.62/3210.78.155.62 – 10.78.155.6210.78.155.62
6410.78.155.63/3210.78.155.63 – 10.78.155.6310.78.155.63
6510.78.155.64/3210.78.155.64 – 10.78.155.6410.78.155.64
6610.78.155.65/3210.78.155.65 – 10.78.155.6510.78.155.65
6710.78.155.66/3210.78.155.66 – 10.78.155.6610.78.155.66
6810.78.155.67/3210.78.155.67 – 10.78.155.6710.78.155.67
6910.78.155.68/3210.78.155.68 – 10.78.155.6810.78.155.68
7010.78.155.69/3210.78.155.69 – 10.78.155.6910.78.155.69
7110.78.155.70/3210.78.155.70 – 10.78.155.7010.78.155.70
7210.78.155.71/3210.78.155.71 – 10.78.155.7110.78.155.71
7310.78.155.72/3210.78.155.72 – 10.78.155.7210.78.155.72
7410.78.155.73/3210.78.155.73 – 10.78.155.7310.78.155.73
7510.78.155.74/3210.78.155.74 – 10.78.155.7410.78.155.74
7610.78.155.75/3210.78.155.75 – 10.78.155.7510.78.155.75
7710.78.155.76/3210.78.155.76 – 10.78.155.7610.78.155.76
7810.78.155.77/3210.78.155.77 – 10.78.155.7710.78.155.77
7910.78.155.78/3210.78.155.78 – 10.78.155.7810.78.155.78
8010.78.155.79/3210.78.155.79 – 10.78.155.7910.78.155.79
8110.78.155.80/3210.78.155.80 – 10.78.155.8010.78.155.80
8210.78.155.81/3210.78.155.81 – 10.78.155.8110.78.155.81
8310.78.155.82/3210.78.155.82 – 10.78.155.8210.78.155.82
8410.78.155.83/3210.78.155.83 – 10.78.155.8310.78.155.83
8510.78.155.84/3210.78.155.84 – 10.78.155.8410.78.155.84
8610.78.155.85/3210.78.155.85 – 10.78.155.8510.78.155.85
8710.78.155.86/3210.78.155.86 – 10.78.155.8610.78.155.86
8810.78.155.87/3210.78.155.87 – 10.78.155.8710.78.155.87
8910.78.155.88/3210.78.155.88 – 10.78.155.8810.78.155.88
9010.78.155.89/3210.78.155.89 – 10.78.155.8910.78.155.89
9110.78.155.90/3210.78.155.90 – 10.78.155.9010.78.155.90
9210.78.155.91/3210.78.155.91 – 10.78.155.9110.78.155.91
9310.78.155.92/3210.78.155.92 – 10.78.155.9210.78.155.92
9410.78.155.93/3210.78.155.93 – 10.78.155.9310.78.155.93
9510.78.155.94/3210.78.155.94 – 10.78.155.9410.78.155.94
9610.78.155.95/3210.78.155.95 – 10.78.155.9510.78.155.95
9710.78.155.96/3210.78.155.96 – 10.78.155.9610.78.155.96
9810.78.155.97/3210.78.155.97 – 10.78.155.9710.78.155.97
9910.78.155.98/3210.78.155.98 – 10.78.155.9810.78.155.98
10010.78.155.99/3210.78.155.99 – 10.78.155.9910.78.155.99
10110.78.155.100/3210.78.155.100 – 10.78.155.10010.78.155.100
10210.78.155.101/3210.78.155.101 – 10.78.155.10110.78.155.101
10310.78.155.102/3210.78.155.102 – 10.78.155.10210.78.155.102
10410.78.155.103/3210.78.155.103 – 10.78.155.10310.78.155.103
10510.78.155.104/3210.78.155.104 – 10.78.155.10410.78.155.104
10610.78.155.105/3210.78.155.105 – 10.78.155.10510.78.155.105
10710.78.155.106/3210.78.155.106 – 10.78.155.10610.78.155.106
10810.78.155.107/3210.78.155.107 – 10.78.155.10710.78.155.107
10910.78.155.108/3210.78.155.108 – 10.78.155.10810.78.155.108
11010.78.155.109/3210.78.155.109 – 10.78.155.10910.78.155.109
11110.78.155.110/3210.78.155.110 – 10.78.155.11010.78.155.110
11210.78.155.111/3210.78.155.111 – 10.78.155.11110.78.155.111
11310.78.155.112/3210.78.155.112 – 10.78.155.11210.78.155.112
11410.78.155.113/3210.78.155.113 – 10.78.155.11310.78.155.113
11510.78.155.114/3210.78.155.114 – 10.78.155.11410.78.155.114
11610.78.155.115/3210.78.155.115 – 10.78.155.11510.78.155.115
11710.78.155.116/3210.78.155.116 – 10.78.155.11610.78.155.116
11810.78.155.117/3210.78.155.117 – 10.78.155.11710.78.155.117
11910.78.155.118/3210.78.155.118 – 10.78.155.11810.78.155.118
12010.78.155.119/3210.78.155.119 – 10.78.155.11910.78.155.119
12110.78.155.120/3210.78.155.120 – 10.78.155.12010.78.155.120
12210.78.155.121/3210.78.155.121 – 10.78.155.12110.78.155.121
12310.78.155.122/3210.78.155.122 – 10.78.155.12210.78.155.122
12410.78.155.123/3210.78.155.123 – 10.78.155.12310.78.155.123
12510.78.155.124/3210.78.155.124 – 10.78.155.12410.78.155.124
12610.78.155.125/3210.78.155.125 – 10.78.155.12510.78.155.125
12710.78.155.126/3210.78.155.126 – 10.78.155.12610.78.155.126
12810.78.155.127/3210.78.155.127 – 10.78.155.12710.78.155.127
12910.78.155.128/3210.78.155.128 – 10.78.155.12810.78.155.128
13010.78.155.129/3210.78.155.129 – 10.78.155.12910.78.155.129
13110.78.155.130/3210.78.155.130 – 10.78.155.13010.78.155.130
13210.78.155.131/3210.78.155.131 – 10.78.155.13110.78.155.131
13310.78.155.132/3210.78.155.132 – 10.78.155.13210.78.155.132
13410.78.155.133/3210.78.155.133 – 10.78.155.13310.78.155.133
13510.78.155.134/3210.78.155.134 – 10.78.155.13410.78.155.134
13610.78.155.135/3210.78.155.135 – 10.78.155.13510.78.155.135
13710.78.155.136/3210.78.155.136 – 10.78.155.13610.78.155.136
13810.78.155.137/3210.78.155.137 – 10.78.155.13710.78.155.137
13910.78.155.138/3210.78.155.138 – 10.78.155.13810.78.155.138
14010.78.155.139/3210.78.155.139 – 10.78.155.13910.78.155.139
14110.78.155.140/3210.78.155.140 – 10.78.155.14010.78.155.140
14210.78.155.141/3210.78.155.141 – 10.78.155.14110.78.155.141
14310.78.155.142/3210.78.155.142 – 10.78.155.14210.78.155.142
14410.78.155.143/3210.78.155.143 – 10.78.155.14310.78.155.143
14510.78.155.144/3210.78.155.144 – 10.78.155.14410.78.155.144
14610.78.155.145/3210.78.155.145 – 10.78.155.14510.78.155.145
14710.78.155.146/3210.78.155.146 – 10.78.155.14610.78.155.146
14810.78.155.147/3210.78.155.147 – 10.78.155.14710.78.155.147
14910.78.155.148/3210.78.155.148 – 10.78.155.14810.78.155.148
15010.78.155.149/3210.78.155.149 – 10.78.155.14910.78.155.149
15110.78.155.150/3210.78.155.150 – 10.78.155.15010.78.155.150
15210.78.155.151/3210.78.155.151 – 10.78.155.15110.78.155.151
15310.78.155.152/3210.78.155.152 – 10.78.155.15210.78.155.152
15410.78.155.153/3210.78.155.153 – 10.78.155.15310.78.155.153
15510.78.155.154/3210.78.155.154 – 10.78.155.15410.78.155.154
15610.78.155.155/3210.78.155.155 – 10.78.155.15510.78.155.155
15710.78.155.156/3210.78.155.156 – 10.78.155.15610.78.155.156
15810.78.155.157/3210.78.155.157 – 10.78.155.15710.78.155.157
15910.78.155.158/3210.78.155.158 – 10.78.155.15810.78.155.158
16010.78.155.159/3210.78.155.159 – 10.78.155.15910.78.155.159
16110.78.155.160/3210.78.155.160 – 10.78.155.16010.78.155.160
16210.78.155.161/3210.78.155.161 – 10.78.155.16110.78.155.161
16310.78.155.162/3210.78.155.162 – 10.78.155.16210.78.155.162
16410.78.155.163/3210.78.155.163 – 10.78.155.16310.78.155.163
16510.78.155.164/3210.78.155.164 – 10.78.155.16410.78.155.164
16610.78.155.165/3210.78.155.165 – 10.78.155.16510.78.155.165
16710.78.155.166/3210.78.155.166 – 10.78.155.16610.78.155.166
16810.78.155.167/3210.78.155.167 – 10.78.155.16710.78.155.167
16910.78.155.168/3210.78.155.168 – 10.78.155.16810.78.155.168
17010.78.155.169/3210.78.155.169 – 10.78.155.16910.78.155.169
17110.78.155.170/3210.78.155.170 – 10.78.155.17010.78.155.170
17210.78.155.171/3210.78.155.171 – 10.78.155.17110.78.155.171
17310.78.155.172/3210.78.155.172 – 10.78.155.17210.78.155.172
17410.78.155.173/3210.78.155.173 – 10.78.155.17310.78.155.173
17510.78.155.174/3210.78.155.174 – 10.78.155.17410.78.155.174
17610.78.155.175/3210.78.155.175 – 10.78.155.17510.78.155.175
17710.78.155.176/3210.78.155.176 – 10.78.155.17610.78.155.176
17810.78.155.177/3210.78.155.177 – 10.78.155.17710.78.155.177
17910.78.155.178/3210.78.155.178 – 10.78.155.17810.78.155.178
18010.78.155.179/3210.78.155.179 – 10.78.155.17910.78.155.179
18110.78.155.180/3210.78.155.180 – 10.78.155.18010.78.155.180
18210.78.155.181/3210.78.155.181 – 10.78.155.18110.78.155.181
18310.78.155.182/3210.78.155.182 – 10.78.155.18210.78.155.182
18410.78.155.183/3210.78.155.183 – 10.78.155.18310.78.155.183
18510.78.155.184/3210.78.155.184 – 10.78.155.18410.78.155.184
18610.78.155.185/3210.78.155.185 – 10.78.155.18510.78.155.185
18710.78.155.186/3210.78.155.186 – 10.78.155.18610.78.155.186
18810.78.155.187/3210.78.155.187 – 10.78.155.18710.78.155.187
18910.78.155.188/3210.78.155.188 – 10.78.155.18810.78.155.188
19010.78.155.189/3210.78.155.189 – 10.78.155.18910.78.155.189
19110.78.155.190/3210.78.155.190 – 10.78.155.19010.78.155.190
19210.78.155.191/3210.78.155.191 – 10.78.155.19110.78.155.191
19310.78.155.192/3210.78.155.192 – 10.78.155.19210.78.155.192
19410.78.155.193/3210.78.155.193 – 10.78.155.19310.78.155.193
19510.78.155.194/3210.78.155.194 – 10.78.155.19410.78.155.194
19610.78.155.195/3210.78.155.195 – 10.78.155.19510.78.155.195
19710.78.155.196/3210.78.155.196 – 10.78.155.19610.78.155.196
19810.78.155.197/3210.78.155.197 – 10.78.155.19710.78.155.197
19910.78.155.198/3210.78.155.198 – 10.78.155.19810.78.155.198
20010.78.155.199/3210.78.155.199 – 10.78.155.19910.78.155.199
20110.78.155.200/3210.78.155.200 – 10.78.155.20010.78.155.200
20210.78.155.201/3210.78.155.201 – 10.78.155.20110.78.155.201
20310.78.155.202/3210.78.155.202 – 10.78.155.20210.78.155.202
20410.78.155.203/3210.78.155.203 – 10.78.155.20310.78.155.203
20510.78.155.204/3210.78.155.204 – 10.78.155.20410.78.155.204
20610.78.155.205/3210.78.155.205 – 10.78.155.20510.78.155.205
20710.78.155.206/3210.78.155.206 – 10.78.155.20610.78.155.206
20810.78.155.207/3210.78.155.207 – 10.78.155.20710.78.155.207
20910.78.155.208/3210.78.155.208 – 10.78.155.20810.78.155.208
21010.78.155.209/3210.78.155.209 – 10.78.155.20910.78.155.209
21110.78.155.210/3210.78.155.210 – 10.78.155.21010.78.155.210
21210.78.155.211/3210.78.155.211 – 10.78.155.21110.78.155.211
21310.78.155.212/3210.78.155.212 – 10.78.155.21210.78.155.212
21410.78.155.213/3210.78.155.213 – 10.78.155.21310.78.155.213
21510.78.155.214/3210.78.155.214 – 10.78.155.21410.78.155.214
21610.78.155.215/3210.78.155.215 – 10.78.155.21510.78.155.215
21710.78.155.216/3210.78.155.216 – 10.78.155.21610.78.155.216
21810.78.155.217/3210.78.155.217 – 10.78.155.21710.78.155.217
21910.78.155.218/3210.78.155.218 – 10.78.155.21810.78.155.218
22010.78.155.219/3210.78.155.219 – 10.78.155.21910.78.155.219
22110.78.155.220/3210.78.155.220 – 10.78.155.22010.78.155.220
22210.78.155.221/3210.78.155.221 – 10.78.155.22110.78.155.221
22310.78.155.222/3210.78.155.222 – 10.78.155.22210.78.155.222
22410.78.155.223/3210.78.155.223 – 10.78.155.22310.78.155.223
22510.78.155.224/3210.78.155.224 – 10.78.155.22410.78.155.224
22610.78.155.225/3210.78.155.225 – 10.78.155.22510.78.155.225
22710.78.155.226/3210.78.155.226 – 10.78.155.22610.78.155.226
22810.78.155.227/3210.78.155.227 – 10.78.155.22710.78.155.227
22910.78.155.228/3210.78.155.228 – 10.78.155.22810.78.155.228
23010.78.155.229/3210.78.155.229 – 10.78.155.22910.78.155.229
23110.78.155.230/3210.78.155.230 – 10.78.155.23010.78.155.230
23210.78.155.231/3210.78.155.231 – 10.78.155.23110.78.155.231
23310.78.155.232/3210.78.155.232 – 10.78.155.23210.78.155.232
23410.78.155.233/3210.78.155.233 – 10.78.155.23310.78.155.233
23510.78.155.234/3210.78.155.234 – 10.78.155.23410.78.155.234
23610.78.155.235/3210.78.155.235 – 10.78.155.23510.78.155.235
23710.78.155.236/3210.78.155.236 – 10.78.155.23610.78.155.236
23810.78.155.237/3210.78.155.237 – 10.78.155.23710.78.155.237
23910.78.155.238/3210.78.155.238 – 10.78.155.23810.78.155.238
24010.78.155.239/3210.78.155.239 – 10.78.155.23910.78.155.239
24110.78.155.240/3210.78.155.240 – 10.78.155.24010.78.155.240
24210.78.155.241/3210.78.155.241 – 10.78.155.24110.78.155.241
24310.78.155.242/3210.78.155.242 – 10.78.155.24210.78.155.242
24410.78.155.243/3210.78.155.243 – 10.78.155.24310.78.155.243
24510.78.155.244/3210.78.155.244 – 10.78.155.24410.78.155.244
24610.78.155.245/3210.78.155.245 – 10.78.155.24510.78.155.245
24710.78.155.246/3210.78.155.246 – 10.78.155.24610.78.155.246
24810.78.155.247/3210.78.155.247 – 10.78.155.24710.78.155.247
24910.78.155.248/3210.78.155.248 – 10.78.155.24810.78.155.248
25010.78.155.249/3210.78.155.249 – 10.78.155.24910.78.155.249
25110.78.155.250/3210.78.155.250 – 10.78.155.25010.78.155.250
25210.78.155.251/3210.78.155.251 – 10.78.155.25110.78.155.251
25310.78.155.252/3210.78.155.252 – 10.78.155.25210.78.155.252
25410.78.155.253/3210.78.155.253 – 10.78.155.25310.78.155.253
25510.78.155.254/3210.78.155.254 – 10.78.155.25410.78.155.254
25610.78.155.255/3210.78.155.255 – 10.78.155.25510.78.155.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →