ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.110.0/23
network10.78.110.0/23
broadcast10.78.111.255
first host10.78.110.1
last host10.78.111.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.78.110.0/23
address00001010.01001110.01101110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001110.01101110.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.01101111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e6e00
decimal172912128
reverse dns0.110.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:6e00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.110.0/3110.78.110.0 – 10.78.110.110.78.110.1
210.78.110.2/3110.78.110.2 – 10.78.110.310.78.110.3
310.78.110.4/3110.78.110.4 – 10.78.110.510.78.110.5
410.78.110.6/3110.78.110.6 – 10.78.110.710.78.110.7
510.78.110.8/3110.78.110.8 – 10.78.110.910.78.110.9
610.78.110.10/3110.78.110.10 – 10.78.110.1110.78.110.11
710.78.110.12/3110.78.110.12 – 10.78.110.1310.78.110.13
810.78.110.14/3110.78.110.14 – 10.78.110.1510.78.110.15
910.78.110.16/3110.78.110.16 – 10.78.110.1710.78.110.17
1010.78.110.18/3110.78.110.18 – 10.78.110.1910.78.110.19
1110.78.110.20/3110.78.110.20 – 10.78.110.2110.78.110.21
1210.78.110.22/3110.78.110.22 – 10.78.110.2310.78.110.23
1310.78.110.24/3110.78.110.24 – 10.78.110.2510.78.110.25
1410.78.110.26/3110.78.110.26 – 10.78.110.2710.78.110.27
1510.78.110.28/3110.78.110.28 – 10.78.110.2910.78.110.29
1610.78.110.30/3110.78.110.30 – 10.78.110.3110.78.110.31
1710.78.110.32/3110.78.110.32 – 10.78.110.3310.78.110.33
1810.78.110.34/3110.78.110.34 – 10.78.110.3510.78.110.35
1910.78.110.36/3110.78.110.36 – 10.78.110.3710.78.110.37
2010.78.110.38/3110.78.110.38 – 10.78.110.3910.78.110.39
2110.78.110.40/3110.78.110.40 – 10.78.110.4110.78.110.41
2210.78.110.42/3110.78.110.42 – 10.78.110.4310.78.110.43
2310.78.110.44/3110.78.110.44 – 10.78.110.4510.78.110.45
2410.78.110.46/3110.78.110.46 – 10.78.110.4710.78.110.47
2510.78.110.48/3110.78.110.48 – 10.78.110.4910.78.110.49
2610.78.110.50/3110.78.110.50 – 10.78.110.5110.78.110.51
2710.78.110.52/3110.78.110.52 – 10.78.110.5310.78.110.53
2810.78.110.54/3110.78.110.54 – 10.78.110.5510.78.110.55
2910.78.110.56/3110.78.110.56 – 10.78.110.5710.78.110.57
3010.78.110.58/3110.78.110.58 – 10.78.110.5910.78.110.59
3110.78.110.60/3110.78.110.60 – 10.78.110.6110.78.110.61
3210.78.110.62/3110.78.110.62 – 10.78.110.6310.78.110.63
3310.78.110.64/3110.78.110.64 – 10.78.110.6510.78.110.65
3410.78.110.66/3110.78.110.66 – 10.78.110.6710.78.110.67
3510.78.110.68/3110.78.110.68 – 10.78.110.6910.78.110.69
3610.78.110.70/3110.78.110.70 – 10.78.110.7110.78.110.71
3710.78.110.72/3110.78.110.72 – 10.78.110.7310.78.110.73
3810.78.110.74/3110.78.110.74 – 10.78.110.7510.78.110.75
3910.78.110.76/3110.78.110.76 – 10.78.110.7710.78.110.77
4010.78.110.78/3110.78.110.78 – 10.78.110.7910.78.110.79
4110.78.110.80/3110.78.110.80 – 10.78.110.8110.78.110.81
4210.78.110.82/3110.78.110.82 – 10.78.110.8310.78.110.83
4310.78.110.84/3110.78.110.84 – 10.78.110.8510.78.110.85
4410.78.110.86/3110.78.110.86 – 10.78.110.8710.78.110.87
4510.78.110.88/3110.78.110.88 – 10.78.110.8910.78.110.89
4610.78.110.90/3110.78.110.90 – 10.78.110.9110.78.110.91
4710.78.110.92/3110.78.110.92 – 10.78.110.9310.78.110.93
4810.78.110.94/3110.78.110.94 – 10.78.110.9510.78.110.95
4910.78.110.96/3110.78.110.96 – 10.78.110.9710.78.110.97
5010.78.110.98/3110.78.110.98 – 10.78.110.9910.78.110.99
5110.78.110.100/3110.78.110.100 – 10.78.110.10110.78.110.101
5210.78.110.102/3110.78.110.102 – 10.78.110.10310.78.110.103
5310.78.110.104/3110.78.110.104 – 10.78.110.10510.78.110.105
5410.78.110.106/3110.78.110.106 – 10.78.110.10710.78.110.107
5510.78.110.108/3110.78.110.108 – 10.78.110.10910.78.110.109
5610.78.110.110/3110.78.110.110 – 10.78.110.11110.78.110.111
5710.78.110.112/3110.78.110.112 – 10.78.110.11310.78.110.113
5810.78.110.114/3110.78.110.114 – 10.78.110.11510.78.110.115
5910.78.110.116/3110.78.110.116 – 10.78.110.11710.78.110.117
6010.78.110.118/3110.78.110.118 – 10.78.110.11910.78.110.119
6110.78.110.120/3110.78.110.120 – 10.78.110.12110.78.110.121
6210.78.110.122/3110.78.110.122 – 10.78.110.12310.78.110.123
6310.78.110.124/3110.78.110.124 – 10.78.110.12510.78.110.125
6410.78.110.126/3110.78.110.126 – 10.78.110.12710.78.110.127
6510.78.110.128/3110.78.110.128 – 10.78.110.12910.78.110.129
6610.78.110.130/3110.78.110.130 – 10.78.110.13110.78.110.131
6710.78.110.132/3110.78.110.132 – 10.78.110.13310.78.110.133
6810.78.110.134/3110.78.110.134 – 10.78.110.13510.78.110.135
6910.78.110.136/3110.78.110.136 – 10.78.110.13710.78.110.137
7010.78.110.138/3110.78.110.138 – 10.78.110.13910.78.110.139
7110.78.110.140/3110.78.110.140 – 10.78.110.14110.78.110.141
7210.78.110.142/3110.78.110.142 – 10.78.110.14310.78.110.143
7310.78.110.144/3110.78.110.144 – 10.78.110.14510.78.110.145
7410.78.110.146/3110.78.110.146 – 10.78.110.14710.78.110.147
7510.78.110.148/3110.78.110.148 – 10.78.110.14910.78.110.149
7610.78.110.150/3110.78.110.150 – 10.78.110.15110.78.110.151
7710.78.110.152/3110.78.110.152 – 10.78.110.15310.78.110.153
7810.78.110.154/3110.78.110.154 – 10.78.110.15510.78.110.155
7910.78.110.156/3110.78.110.156 – 10.78.110.15710.78.110.157
8010.78.110.158/3110.78.110.158 – 10.78.110.15910.78.110.159
8110.78.110.160/3110.78.110.160 – 10.78.110.16110.78.110.161
8210.78.110.162/3110.78.110.162 – 10.78.110.16310.78.110.163
8310.78.110.164/3110.78.110.164 – 10.78.110.16510.78.110.165
8410.78.110.166/3110.78.110.166 – 10.78.110.16710.78.110.167
8510.78.110.168/3110.78.110.168 – 10.78.110.16910.78.110.169
8610.78.110.170/3110.78.110.170 – 10.78.110.17110.78.110.171
8710.78.110.172/3110.78.110.172 – 10.78.110.17310.78.110.173
8810.78.110.174/3110.78.110.174 – 10.78.110.17510.78.110.175
8910.78.110.176/3110.78.110.176 – 10.78.110.17710.78.110.177
9010.78.110.178/3110.78.110.178 – 10.78.110.17910.78.110.179
9110.78.110.180/3110.78.110.180 – 10.78.110.18110.78.110.181
9210.78.110.182/3110.78.110.182 – 10.78.110.18310.78.110.183
9310.78.110.184/3110.78.110.184 – 10.78.110.18510.78.110.185
9410.78.110.186/3110.78.110.186 – 10.78.110.18710.78.110.187
9510.78.110.188/3110.78.110.188 – 10.78.110.18910.78.110.189
9610.78.110.190/3110.78.110.190 – 10.78.110.19110.78.110.191
9710.78.110.192/3110.78.110.192 – 10.78.110.19310.78.110.193
9810.78.110.194/3110.78.110.194 – 10.78.110.19510.78.110.195
9910.78.110.196/3110.78.110.196 – 10.78.110.19710.78.110.197
10010.78.110.198/3110.78.110.198 – 10.78.110.19910.78.110.199
10110.78.110.200/3110.78.110.200 – 10.78.110.20110.78.110.201
10210.78.110.202/3110.78.110.202 – 10.78.110.20310.78.110.203
10310.78.110.204/3110.78.110.204 – 10.78.110.20510.78.110.205
10410.78.110.206/3110.78.110.206 – 10.78.110.20710.78.110.207
10510.78.110.208/3110.78.110.208 – 10.78.110.20910.78.110.209
10610.78.110.210/3110.78.110.210 – 10.78.110.21110.78.110.211
10710.78.110.212/3110.78.110.212 – 10.78.110.21310.78.110.213
10810.78.110.214/3110.78.110.214 – 10.78.110.21510.78.110.215
10910.78.110.216/3110.78.110.216 – 10.78.110.21710.78.110.217
11010.78.110.218/3110.78.110.218 – 10.78.110.21910.78.110.219
11110.78.110.220/3110.78.110.220 – 10.78.110.22110.78.110.221
11210.78.110.222/3110.78.110.222 – 10.78.110.22310.78.110.223
11310.78.110.224/3110.78.110.224 – 10.78.110.22510.78.110.225
11410.78.110.226/3110.78.110.226 – 10.78.110.22710.78.110.227
11510.78.110.228/3110.78.110.228 – 10.78.110.22910.78.110.229
11610.78.110.230/3110.78.110.230 – 10.78.110.23110.78.110.231
11710.78.110.232/3110.78.110.232 – 10.78.110.23310.78.110.233
11810.78.110.234/3110.78.110.234 – 10.78.110.23510.78.110.235
11910.78.110.236/3110.78.110.236 – 10.78.110.23710.78.110.237
12010.78.110.238/3110.78.110.238 – 10.78.110.23910.78.110.239
12110.78.110.240/3110.78.110.240 – 10.78.110.24110.78.110.241
12210.78.110.242/3110.78.110.242 – 10.78.110.24310.78.110.243
12310.78.110.244/3110.78.110.244 – 10.78.110.24510.78.110.245
12410.78.110.246/3110.78.110.246 – 10.78.110.24710.78.110.247
12510.78.110.248/3110.78.110.248 – 10.78.110.24910.78.110.249
12610.78.110.250/3110.78.110.250 – 10.78.110.25110.78.110.251
12710.78.110.252/3110.78.110.252 – 10.78.110.25310.78.110.253
12810.78.110.254/3110.78.110.254 – 10.78.110.25510.78.110.255
12910.78.111.0/3110.78.111.0 – 10.78.111.110.78.111.1
13010.78.111.2/3110.78.111.2 – 10.78.111.310.78.111.3
13110.78.111.4/3110.78.111.4 – 10.78.111.510.78.111.5
13210.78.111.6/3110.78.111.6 – 10.78.111.710.78.111.7
13310.78.111.8/3110.78.111.8 – 10.78.111.910.78.111.9
13410.78.111.10/3110.78.111.10 – 10.78.111.1110.78.111.11
13510.78.111.12/3110.78.111.12 – 10.78.111.1310.78.111.13
13610.78.111.14/3110.78.111.14 – 10.78.111.1510.78.111.15
13710.78.111.16/3110.78.111.16 – 10.78.111.1710.78.111.17
13810.78.111.18/3110.78.111.18 – 10.78.111.1910.78.111.19
13910.78.111.20/3110.78.111.20 – 10.78.111.2110.78.111.21
14010.78.111.22/3110.78.111.22 – 10.78.111.2310.78.111.23
14110.78.111.24/3110.78.111.24 – 10.78.111.2510.78.111.25
14210.78.111.26/3110.78.111.26 – 10.78.111.2710.78.111.27
14310.78.111.28/3110.78.111.28 – 10.78.111.2910.78.111.29
14410.78.111.30/3110.78.111.30 – 10.78.111.3110.78.111.31
14510.78.111.32/3110.78.111.32 – 10.78.111.3310.78.111.33
14610.78.111.34/3110.78.111.34 – 10.78.111.3510.78.111.35
14710.78.111.36/3110.78.111.36 – 10.78.111.3710.78.111.37
14810.78.111.38/3110.78.111.38 – 10.78.111.3910.78.111.39
14910.78.111.40/3110.78.111.40 – 10.78.111.4110.78.111.41
15010.78.111.42/3110.78.111.42 – 10.78.111.4310.78.111.43
15110.78.111.44/3110.78.111.44 – 10.78.111.4510.78.111.45
15210.78.111.46/3110.78.111.46 – 10.78.111.4710.78.111.47
15310.78.111.48/3110.78.111.48 – 10.78.111.4910.78.111.49
15410.78.111.50/3110.78.111.50 – 10.78.111.5110.78.111.51
15510.78.111.52/3110.78.111.52 – 10.78.111.5310.78.111.53
15610.78.111.54/3110.78.111.54 – 10.78.111.5510.78.111.55
15710.78.111.56/3110.78.111.56 – 10.78.111.5710.78.111.57
15810.78.111.58/3110.78.111.58 – 10.78.111.5910.78.111.59
15910.78.111.60/3110.78.111.60 – 10.78.111.6110.78.111.61
16010.78.111.62/3110.78.111.62 – 10.78.111.6310.78.111.63
16110.78.111.64/3110.78.111.64 – 10.78.111.6510.78.111.65
16210.78.111.66/3110.78.111.66 – 10.78.111.6710.78.111.67
16310.78.111.68/3110.78.111.68 – 10.78.111.6910.78.111.69
16410.78.111.70/3110.78.111.70 – 10.78.111.7110.78.111.71
16510.78.111.72/3110.78.111.72 – 10.78.111.7310.78.111.73
16610.78.111.74/3110.78.111.74 – 10.78.111.7510.78.111.75
16710.78.111.76/3110.78.111.76 – 10.78.111.7710.78.111.77
16810.78.111.78/3110.78.111.78 – 10.78.111.7910.78.111.79
16910.78.111.80/3110.78.111.80 – 10.78.111.8110.78.111.81
17010.78.111.82/3110.78.111.82 – 10.78.111.8310.78.111.83
17110.78.111.84/3110.78.111.84 – 10.78.111.8510.78.111.85
17210.78.111.86/3110.78.111.86 – 10.78.111.8710.78.111.87
17310.78.111.88/3110.78.111.88 – 10.78.111.8910.78.111.89
17410.78.111.90/3110.78.111.90 – 10.78.111.9110.78.111.91
17510.78.111.92/3110.78.111.92 – 10.78.111.9310.78.111.93
17610.78.111.94/3110.78.111.94 – 10.78.111.9510.78.111.95
17710.78.111.96/3110.78.111.96 – 10.78.111.9710.78.111.97
17810.78.111.98/3110.78.111.98 – 10.78.111.9910.78.111.99
17910.78.111.100/3110.78.111.100 – 10.78.111.10110.78.111.101
18010.78.111.102/3110.78.111.102 – 10.78.111.10310.78.111.103
18110.78.111.104/3110.78.111.104 – 10.78.111.10510.78.111.105
18210.78.111.106/3110.78.111.106 – 10.78.111.10710.78.111.107
18310.78.111.108/3110.78.111.108 – 10.78.111.10910.78.111.109
18410.78.111.110/3110.78.111.110 – 10.78.111.11110.78.111.111
18510.78.111.112/3110.78.111.112 – 10.78.111.11310.78.111.113
18610.78.111.114/3110.78.111.114 – 10.78.111.11510.78.111.115
18710.78.111.116/3110.78.111.116 – 10.78.111.11710.78.111.117
18810.78.111.118/3110.78.111.118 – 10.78.111.11910.78.111.119
18910.78.111.120/3110.78.111.120 – 10.78.111.12110.78.111.121
19010.78.111.122/3110.78.111.122 – 10.78.111.12310.78.111.123
19110.78.111.124/3110.78.111.124 – 10.78.111.12510.78.111.125
19210.78.111.126/3110.78.111.126 – 10.78.111.12710.78.111.127
19310.78.111.128/3110.78.111.128 – 10.78.111.12910.78.111.129
19410.78.111.130/3110.78.111.130 – 10.78.111.13110.78.111.131
19510.78.111.132/3110.78.111.132 – 10.78.111.13310.78.111.133
19610.78.111.134/3110.78.111.134 – 10.78.111.13510.78.111.135
19710.78.111.136/3110.78.111.136 – 10.78.111.13710.78.111.137
19810.78.111.138/3110.78.111.138 – 10.78.111.13910.78.111.139
19910.78.111.140/3110.78.111.140 – 10.78.111.14110.78.111.141
20010.78.111.142/3110.78.111.142 – 10.78.111.14310.78.111.143
20110.78.111.144/3110.78.111.144 – 10.78.111.14510.78.111.145
20210.78.111.146/3110.78.111.146 – 10.78.111.14710.78.111.147
20310.78.111.148/3110.78.111.148 – 10.78.111.14910.78.111.149
20410.78.111.150/3110.78.111.150 – 10.78.111.15110.78.111.151
20510.78.111.152/3110.78.111.152 – 10.78.111.15310.78.111.153
20610.78.111.154/3110.78.111.154 – 10.78.111.15510.78.111.155
20710.78.111.156/3110.78.111.156 – 10.78.111.15710.78.111.157
20810.78.111.158/3110.78.111.158 – 10.78.111.15910.78.111.159
20910.78.111.160/3110.78.111.160 – 10.78.111.16110.78.111.161
21010.78.111.162/3110.78.111.162 – 10.78.111.16310.78.111.163
21110.78.111.164/3110.78.111.164 – 10.78.111.16510.78.111.165
21210.78.111.166/3110.78.111.166 – 10.78.111.16710.78.111.167
21310.78.111.168/3110.78.111.168 – 10.78.111.16910.78.111.169
21410.78.111.170/3110.78.111.170 – 10.78.111.17110.78.111.171
21510.78.111.172/3110.78.111.172 – 10.78.111.17310.78.111.173
21610.78.111.174/3110.78.111.174 – 10.78.111.17510.78.111.175
21710.78.111.176/3110.78.111.176 – 10.78.111.17710.78.111.177
21810.78.111.178/3110.78.111.178 – 10.78.111.17910.78.111.179
21910.78.111.180/3110.78.111.180 – 10.78.111.18110.78.111.181
22010.78.111.182/3110.78.111.182 – 10.78.111.18310.78.111.183
22110.78.111.184/3110.78.111.184 – 10.78.111.18510.78.111.185
22210.78.111.186/3110.78.111.186 – 10.78.111.18710.78.111.187
22310.78.111.188/3110.78.111.188 – 10.78.111.18910.78.111.189
22410.78.111.190/3110.78.111.190 – 10.78.111.19110.78.111.191
22510.78.111.192/3110.78.111.192 – 10.78.111.19310.78.111.193
22610.78.111.194/3110.78.111.194 – 10.78.111.19510.78.111.195
22710.78.111.196/3110.78.111.196 – 10.78.111.19710.78.111.197
22810.78.111.198/3110.78.111.198 – 10.78.111.19910.78.111.199
22910.78.111.200/3110.78.111.200 – 10.78.111.20110.78.111.201
23010.78.111.202/3110.78.111.202 – 10.78.111.20310.78.111.203
23110.78.111.204/3110.78.111.204 – 10.78.111.20510.78.111.205
23210.78.111.206/3110.78.111.206 – 10.78.111.20710.78.111.207
23310.78.111.208/3110.78.111.208 – 10.78.111.20910.78.111.209
23410.78.111.210/3110.78.111.210 – 10.78.111.21110.78.111.211
23510.78.111.212/3110.78.111.212 – 10.78.111.21310.78.111.213
23610.78.111.214/3110.78.111.214 – 10.78.111.21510.78.111.215
23710.78.111.216/3110.78.111.216 – 10.78.111.21710.78.111.217
23810.78.111.218/3110.78.111.218 – 10.78.111.21910.78.111.219
23910.78.111.220/3110.78.111.220 – 10.78.111.22110.78.111.221
24010.78.111.222/3110.78.111.222 – 10.78.111.22310.78.111.223
24110.78.111.224/3110.78.111.224 – 10.78.111.22510.78.111.225
24210.78.111.226/3110.78.111.226 – 10.78.111.22710.78.111.227
24310.78.111.228/3110.78.111.228 – 10.78.111.22910.78.111.229
24410.78.111.230/3110.78.111.230 – 10.78.111.23110.78.111.231
24510.78.111.232/3110.78.111.232 – 10.78.111.23310.78.111.233
24610.78.111.234/3110.78.111.234 – 10.78.111.23510.78.111.235
24710.78.111.236/3110.78.111.236 – 10.78.111.23710.78.111.237
24810.78.111.238/3110.78.111.238 – 10.78.111.23910.78.111.239
24910.78.111.240/3110.78.111.240 – 10.78.111.24110.78.111.241
25010.78.111.242/3110.78.111.242 – 10.78.111.24310.78.111.243
25110.78.111.244/3110.78.111.244 – 10.78.111.24510.78.111.245
25210.78.111.246/3110.78.111.246 – 10.78.111.24710.78.111.247
25310.78.111.248/3110.78.111.248 – 10.78.111.24910.78.111.249
25410.78.111.250/3110.78.111.250 – 10.78.111.25110.78.111.251
25510.78.111.252/3110.78.111.252 – 10.78.111.25310.78.111.253
25610.78.111.254/3110.78.111.254 – 10.78.111.25510.78.111.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →