ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.11.0/24
network10.78.11.0/24
broadcast10.78.11.255
first host10.78.11.1
last host10.78.11.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.78.11.0/24
address00001010.01001110.00001011.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.01001110.00001011.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.00001011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e0b00
decimal172886784
reverse dns0.11.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:b00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.11.0/3210.78.11.0 – 10.78.11.010.78.11.0
210.78.11.1/3210.78.11.1 – 10.78.11.110.78.11.1
310.78.11.2/3210.78.11.2 – 10.78.11.210.78.11.2
410.78.11.3/3210.78.11.3 – 10.78.11.310.78.11.3
510.78.11.4/3210.78.11.4 – 10.78.11.410.78.11.4
610.78.11.5/3210.78.11.5 – 10.78.11.510.78.11.5
710.78.11.6/3210.78.11.6 – 10.78.11.610.78.11.6
810.78.11.7/3210.78.11.7 – 10.78.11.710.78.11.7
910.78.11.8/3210.78.11.8 – 10.78.11.810.78.11.8
1010.78.11.9/3210.78.11.9 – 10.78.11.910.78.11.9
1110.78.11.10/3210.78.11.10 – 10.78.11.1010.78.11.10
1210.78.11.11/3210.78.11.11 – 10.78.11.1110.78.11.11
1310.78.11.12/3210.78.11.12 – 10.78.11.1210.78.11.12
1410.78.11.13/3210.78.11.13 – 10.78.11.1310.78.11.13
1510.78.11.14/3210.78.11.14 – 10.78.11.1410.78.11.14
1610.78.11.15/3210.78.11.15 – 10.78.11.1510.78.11.15
1710.78.11.16/3210.78.11.16 – 10.78.11.1610.78.11.16
1810.78.11.17/3210.78.11.17 – 10.78.11.1710.78.11.17
1910.78.11.18/3210.78.11.18 – 10.78.11.1810.78.11.18
2010.78.11.19/3210.78.11.19 – 10.78.11.1910.78.11.19
2110.78.11.20/3210.78.11.20 – 10.78.11.2010.78.11.20
2210.78.11.21/3210.78.11.21 – 10.78.11.2110.78.11.21
2310.78.11.22/3210.78.11.22 – 10.78.11.2210.78.11.22
2410.78.11.23/3210.78.11.23 – 10.78.11.2310.78.11.23
2510.78.11.24/3210.78.11.24 – 10.78.11.2410.78.11.24
2610.78.11.25/3210.78.11.25 – 10.78.11.2510.78.11.25
2710.78.11.26/3210.78.11.26 – 10.78.11.2610.78.11.26
2810.78.11.27/3210.78.11.27 – 10.78.11.2710.78.11.27
2910.78.11.28/3210.78.11.28 – 10.78.11.2810.78.11.28
3010.78.11.29/3210.78.11.29 – 10.78.11.2910.78.11.29
3110.78.11.30/3210.78.11.30 – 10.78.11.3010.78.11.30
3210.78.11.31/3210.78.11.31 – 10.78.11.3110.78.11.31
3310.78.11.32/3210.78.11.32 – 10.78.11.3210.78.11.32
3410.78.11.33/3210.78.11.33 – 10.78.11.3310.78.11.33
3510.78.11.34/3210.78.11.34 – 10.78.11.3410.78.11.34
3610.78.11.35/3210.78.11.35 – 10.78.11.3510.78.11.35
3710.78.11.36/3210.78.11.36 – 10.78.11.3610.78.11.36
3810.78.11.37/3210.78.11.37 – 10.78.11.3710.78.11.37
3910.78.11.38/3210.78.11.38 – 10.78.11.3810.78.11.38
4010.78.11.39/3210.78.11.39 – 10.78.11.3910.78.11.39
4110.78.11.40/3210.78.11.40 – 10.78.11.4010.78.11.40
4210.78.11.41/3210.78.11.41 – 10.78.11.4110.78.11.41
4310.78.11.42/3210.78.11.42 – 10.78.11.4210.78.11.42
4410.78.11.43/3210.78.11.43 – 10.78.11.4310.78.11.43
4510.78.11.44/3210.78.11.44 – 10.78.11.4410.78.11.44
4610.78.11.45/3210.78.11.45 – 10.78.11.4510.78.11.45
4710.78.11.46/3210.78.11.46 – 10.78.11.4610.78.11.46
4810.78.11.47/3210.78.11.47 – 10.78.11.4710.78.11.47
4910.78.11.48/3210.78.11.48 – 10.78.11.4810.78.11.48
5010.78.11.49/3210.78.11.49 – 10.78.11.4910.78.11.49
5110.78.11.50/3210.78.11.50 – 10.78.11.5010.78.11.50
5210.78.11.51/3210.78.11.51 – 10.78.11.5110.78.11.51
5310.78.11.52/3210.78.11.52 – 10.78.11.5210.78.11.52
5410.78.11.53/3210.78.11.53 – 10.78.11.5310.78.11.53
5510.78.11.54/3210.78.11.54 – 10.78.11.5410.78.11.54
5610.78.11.55/3210.78.11.55 – 10.78.11.5510.78.11.55
5710.78.11.56/3210.78.11.56 – 10.78.11.5610.78.11.56
5810.78.11.57/3210.78.11.57 – 10.78.11.5710.78.11.57
5910.78.11.58/3210.78.11.58 – 10.78.11.5810.78.11.58
6010.78.11.59/3210.78.11.59 – 10.78.11.5910.78.11.59
6110.78.11.60/3210.78.11.60 – 10.78.11.6010.78.11.60
6210.78.11.61/3210.78.11.61 – 10.78.11.6110.78.11.61
6310.78.11.62/3210.78.11.62 – 10.78.11.6210.78.11.62
6410.78.11.63/3210.78.11.63 – 10.78.11.6310.78.11.63
6510.78.11.64/3210.78.11.64 – 10.78.11.6410.78.11.64
6610.78.11.65/3210.78.11.65 – 10.78.11.6510.78.11.65
6710.78.11.66/3210.78.11.66 – 10.78.11.6610.78.11.66
6810.78.11.67/3210.78.11.67 – 10.78.11.6710.78.11.67
6910.78.11.68/3210.78.11.68 – 10.78.11.6810.78.11.68
7010.78.11.69/3210.78.11.69 – 10.78.11.6910.78.11.69
7110.78.11.70/3210.78.11.70 – 10.78.11.7010.78.11.70
7210.78.11.71/3210.78.11.71 – 10.78.11.7110.78.11.71
7310.78.11.72/3210.78.11.72 – 10.78.11.7210.78.11.72
7410.78.11.73/3210.78.11.73 – 10.78.11.7310.78.11.73
7510.78.11.74/3210.78.11.74 – 10.78.11.7410.78.11.74
7610.78.11.75/3210.78.11.75 – 10.78.11.7510.78.11.75
7710.78.11.76/3210.78.11.76 – 10.78.11.7610.78.11.76
7810.78.11.77/3210.78.11.77 – 10.78.11.7710.78.11.77
7910.78.11.78/3210.78.11.78 – 10.78.11.7810.78.11.78
8010.78.11.79/3210.78.11.79 – 10.78.11.7910.78.11.79
8110.78.11.80/3210.78.11.80 – 10.78.11.8010.78.11.80
8210.78.11.81/3210.78.11.81 – 10.78.11.8110.78.11.81
8310.78.11.82/3210.78.11.82 – 10.78.11.8210.78.11.82
8410.78.11.83/3210.78.11.83 – 10.78.11.8310.78.11.83
8510.78.11.84/3210.78.11.84 – 10.78.11.8410.78.11.84
8610.78.11.85/3210.78.11.85 – 10.78.11.8510.78.11.85
8710.78.11.86/3210.78.11.86 – 10.78.11.8610.78.11.86
8810.78.11.87/3210.78.11.87 – 10.78.11.8710.78.11.87
8910.78.11.88/3210.78.11.88 – 10.78.11.8810.78.11.88
9010.78.11.89/3210.78.11.89 – 10.78.11.8910.78.11.89
9110.78.11.90/3210.78.11.90 – 10.78.11.9010.78.11.90
9210.78.11.91/3210.78.11.91 – 10.78.11.9110.78.11.91
9310.78.11.92/3210.78.11.92 – 10.78.11.9210.78.11.92
9410.78.11.93/3210.78.11.93 – 10.78.11.9310.78.11.93
9510.78.11.94/3210.78.11.94 – 10.78.11.9410.78.11.94
9610.78.11.95/3210.78.11.95 – 10.78.11.9510.78.11.95
9710.78.11.96/3210.78.11.96 – 10.78.11.9610.78.11.96
9810.78.11.97/3210.78.11.97 – 10.78.11.9710.78.11.97
9910.78.11.98/3210.78.11.98 – 10.78.11.9810.78.11.98
10010.78.11.99/3210.78.11.99 – 10.78.11.9910.78.11.99
10110.78.11.100/3210.78.11.100 – 10.78.11.10010.78.11.100
10210.78.11.101/3210.78.11.101 – 10.78.11.10110.78.11.101
10310.78.11.102/3210.78.11.102 – 10.78.11.10210.78.11.102
10410.78.11.103/3210.78.11.103 – 10.78.11.10310.78.11.103
10510.78.11.104/3210.78.11.104 – 10.78.11.10410.78.11.104
10610.78.11.105/3210.78.11.105 – 10.78.11.10510.78.11.105
10710.78.11.106/3210.78.11.106 – 10.78.11.10610.78.11.106
10810.78.11.107/3210.78.11.107 – 10.78.11.10710.78.11.107
10910.78.11.108/3210.78.11.108 – 10.78.11.10810.78.11.108
11010.78.11.109/3210.78.11.109 – 10.78.11.10910.78.11.109
11110.78.11.110/3210.78.11.110 – 10.78.11.11010.78.11.110
11210.78.11.111/3210.78.11.111 – 10.78.11.11110.78.11.111
11310.78.11.112/3210.78.11.112 – 10.78.11.11210.78.11.112
11410.78.11.113/3210.78.11.113 – 10.78.11.11310.78.11.113
11510.78.11.114/3210.78.11.114 – 10.78.11.11410.78.11.114
11610.78.11.115/3210.78.11.115 – 10.78.11.11510.78.11.115
11710.78.11.116/3210.78.11.116 – 10.78.11.11610.78.11.116
11810.78.11.117/3210.78.11.117 – 10.78.11.11710.78.11.117
11910.78.11.118/3210.78.11.118 – 10.78.11.11810.78.11.118
12010.78.11.119/3210.78.11.119 – 10.78.11.11910.78.11.119
12110.78.11.120/3210.78.11.120 – 10.78.11.12010.78.11.120
12210.78.11.121/3210.78.11.121 – 10.78.11.12110.78.11.121
12310.78.11.122/3210.78.11.122 – 10.78.11.12210.78.11.122
12410.78.11.123/3210.78.11.123 – 10.78.11.12310.78.11.123
12510.78.11.124/3210.78.11.124 – 10.78.11.12410.78.11.124
12610.78.11.125/3210.78.11.125 – 10.78.11.12510.78.11.125
12710.78.11.126/3210.78.11.126 – 10.78.11.12610.78.11.126
12810.78.11.127/3210.78.11.127 – 10.78.11.12710.78.11.127
12910.78.11.128/3210.78.11.128 – 10.78.11.12810.78.11.128
13010.78.11.129/3210.78.11.129 – 10.78.11.12910.78.11.129
13110.78.11.130/3210.78.11.130 – 10.78.11.13010.78.11.130
13210.78.11.131/3210.78.11.131 – 10.78.11.13110.78.11.131
13310.78.11.132/3210.78.11.132 – 10.78.11.13210.78.11.132
13410.78.11.133/3210.78.11.133 – 10.78.11.13310.78.11.133
13510.78.11.134/3210.78.11.134 – 10.78.11.13410.78.11.134
13610.78.11.135/3210.78.11.135 – 10.78.11.13510.78.11.135
13710.78.11.136/3210.78.11.136 – 10.78.11.13610.78.11.136
13810.78.11.137/3210.78.11.137 – 10.78.11.13710.78.11.137
13910.78.11.138/3210.78.11.138 – 10.78.11.13810.78.11.138
14010.78.11.139/3210.78.11.139 – 10.78.11.13910.78.11.139
14110.78.11.140/3210.78.11.140 – 10.78.11.14010.78.11.140
14210.78.11.141/3210.78.11.141 – 10.78.11.14110.78.11.141
14310.78.11.142/3210.78.11.142 – 10.78.11.14210.78.11.142
14410.78.11.143/3210.78.11.143 – 10.78.11.14310.78.11.143
14510.78.11.144/3210.78.11.144 – 10.78.11.14410.78.11.144
14610.78.11.145/3210.78.11.145 – 10.78.11.14510.78.11.145
14710.78.11.146/3210.78.11.146 – 10.78.11.14610.78.11.146
14810.78.11.147/3210.78.11.147 – 10.78.11.14710.78.11.147
14910.78.11.148/3210.78.11.148 – 10.78.11.14810.78.11.148
15010.78.11.149/3210.78.11.149 – 10.78.11.14910.78.11.149
15110.78.11.150/3210.78.11.150 – 10.78.11.15010.78.11.150
15210.78.11.151/3210.78.11.151 – 10.78.11.15110.78.11.151
15310.78.11.152/3210.78.11.152 – 10.78.11.15210.78.11.152
15410.78.11.153/3210.78.11.153 – 10.78.11.15310.78.11.153
15510.78.11.154/3210.78.11.154 – 10.78.11.15410.78.11.154
15610.78.11.155/3210.78.11.155 – 10.78.11.15510.78.11.155
15710.78.11.156/3210.78.11.156 – 10.78.11.15610.78.11.156
15810.78.11.157/3210.78.11.157 – 10.78.11.15710.78.11.157
15910.78.11.158/3210.78.11.158 – 10.78.11.15810.78.11.158
16010.78.11.159/3210.78.11.159 – 10.78.11.15910.78.11.159
16110.78.11.160/3210.78.11.160 – 10.78.11.16010.78.11.160
16210.78.11.161/3210.78.11.161 – 10.78.11.16110.78.11.161
16310.78.11.162/3210.78.11.162 – 10.78.11.16210.78.11.162
16410.78.11.163/3210.78.11.163 – 10.78.11.16310.78.11.163
16510.78.11.164/3210.78.11.164 – 10.78.11.16410.78.11.164
16610.78.11.165/3210.78.11.165 – 10.78.11.16510.78.11.165
16710.78.11.166/3210.78.11.166 – 10.78.11.16610.78.11.166
16810.78.11.167/3210.78.11.167 – 10.78.11.16710.78.11.167
16910.78.11.168/3210.78.11.168 – 10.78.11.16810.78.11.168
17010.78.11.169/3210.78.11.169 – 10.78.11.16910.78.11.169
17110.78.11.170/3210.78.11.170 – 10.78.11.17010.78.11.170
17210.78.11.171/3210.78.11.171 – 10.78.11.17110.78.11.171
17310.78.11.172/3210.78.11.172 – 10.78.11.17210.78.11.172
17410.78.11.173/3210.78.11.173 – 10.78.11.17310.78.11.173
17510.78.11.174/3210.78.11.174 – 10.78.11.17410.78.11.174
17610.78.11.175/3210.78.11.175 – 10.78.11.17510.78.11.175
17710.78.11.176/3210.78.11.176 – 10.78.11.17610.78.11.176
17810.78.11.177/3210.78.11.177 – 10.78.11.17710.78.11.177
17910.78.11.178/3210.78.11.178 – 10.78.11.17810.78.11.178
18010.78.11.179/3210.78.11.179 – 10.78.11.17910.78.11.179
18110.78.11.180/3210.78.11.180 – 10.78.11.18010.78.11.180
18210.78.11.181/3210.78.11.181 – 10.78.11.18110.78.11.181
18310.78.11.182/3210.78.11.182 – 10.78.11.18210.78.11.182
18410.78.11.183/3210.78.11.183 – 10.78.11.18310.78.11.183
18510.78.11.184/3210.78.11.184 – 10.78.11.18410.78.11.184
18610.78.11.185/3210.78.11.185 – 10.78.11.18510.78.11.185
18710.78.11.186/3210.78.11.186 – 10.78.11.18610.78.11.186
18810.78.11.187/3210.78.11.187 – 10.78.11.18710.78.11.187
18910.78.11.188/3210.78.11.188 – 10.78.11.18810.78.11.188
19010.78.11.189/3210.78.11.189 – 10.78.11.18910.78.11.189
19110.78.11.190/3210.78.11.190 – 10.78.11.19010.78.11.190
19210.78.11.191/3210.78.11.191 – 10.78.11.19110.78.11.191
19310.78.11.192/3210.78.11.192 – 10.78.11.19210.78.11.192
19410.78.11.193/3210.78.11.193 – 10.78.11.19310.78.11.193
19510.78.11.194/3210.78.11.194 – 10.78.11.19410.78.11.194
19610.78.11.195/3210.78.11.195 – 10.78.11.19510.78.11.195
19710.78.11.196/3210.78.11.196 – 10.78.11.19610.78.11.196
19810.78.11.197/3210.78.11.197 – 10.78.11.19710.78.11.197
19910.78.11.198/3210.78.11.198 – 10.78.11.19810.78.11.198
20010.78.11.199/3210.78.11.199 – 10.78.11.19910.78.11.199
20110.78.11.200/3210.78.11.200 – 10.78.11.20010.78.11.200
20210.78.11.201/3210.78.11.201 – 10.78.11.20110.78.11.201
20310.78.11.202/3210.78.11.202 – 10.78.11.20210.78.11.202
20410.78.11.203/3210.78.11.203 – 10.78.11.20310.78.11.203
20510.78.11.204/3210.78.11.204 – 10.78.11.20410.78.11.204
20610.78.11.205/3210.78.11.205 – 10.78.11.20510.78.11.205
20710.78.11.206/3210.78.11.206 – 10.78.11.20610.78.11.206
20810.78.11.207/3210.78.11.207 – 10.78.11.20710.78.11.207
20910.78.11.208/3210.78.11.208 – 10.78.11.20810.78.11.208
21010.78.11.209/3210.78.11.209 – 10.78.11.20910.78.11.209
21110.78.11.210/3210.78.11.210 – 10.78.11.21010.78.11.210
21210.78.11.211/3210.78.11.211 – 10.78.11.21110.78.11.211
21310.78.11.212/3210.78.11.212 – 10.78.11.21210.78.11.212
21410.78.11.213/3210.78.11.213 – 10.78.11.21310.78.11.213
21510.78.11.214/3210.78.11.214 – 10.78.11.21410.78.11.214
21610.78.11.215/3210.78.11.215 – 10.78.11.21510.78.11.215
21710.78.11.216/3210.78.11.216 – 10.78.11.21610.78.11.216
21810.78.11.217/3210.78.11.217 – 10.78.11.21710.78.11.217
21910.78.11.218/3210.78.11.218 – 10.78.11.21810.78.11.218
22010.78.11.219/3210.78.11.219 – 10.78.11.21910.78.11.219
22110.78.11.220/3210.78.11.220 – 10.78.11.22010.78.11.220
22210.78.11.221/3210.78.11.221 – 10.78.11.22110.78.11.221
22310.78.11.222/3210.78.11.222 – 10.78.11.22210.78.11.222
22410.78.11.223/3210.78.11.223 – 10.78.11.22310.78.11.223
22510.78.11.224/3210.78.11.224 – 10.78.11.22410.78.11.224
22610.78.11.225/3210.78.11.225 – 10.78.11.22510.78.11.225
22710.78.11.226/3210.78.11.226 – 10.78.11.22610.78.11.226
22810.78.11.227/3210.78.11.227 – 10.78.11.22710.78.11.227
22910.78.11.228/3210.78.11.228 – 10.78.11.22810.78.11.228
23010.78.11.229/3210.78.11.229 – 10.78.11.22910.78.11.229
23110.78.11.230/3210.78.11.230 – 10.78.11.23010.78.11.230
23210.78.11.231/3210.78.11.231 – 10.78.11.23110.78.11.231
23310.78.11.232/3210.78.11.232 – 10.78.11.23210.78.11.232
23410.78.11.233/3210.78.11.233 – 10.78.11.23310.78.11.233
23510.78.11.234/3210.78.11.234 – 10.78.11.23410.78.11.234
23610.78.11.235/3210.78.11.235 – 10.78.11.23510.78.11.235
23710.78.11.236/3210.78.11.236 – 10.78.11.23610.78.11.236
23810.78.11.237/3210.78.11.237 – 10.78.11.23710.78.11.237
23910.78.11.238/3210.78.11.238 – 10.78.11.23810.78.11.238
24010.78.11.239/3210.78.11.239 – 10.78.11.23910.78.11.239
24110.78.11.240/3210.78.11.240 – 10.78.11.24010.78.11.240
24210.78.11.241/3210.78.11.241 – 10.78.11.24110.78.11.241
24310.78.11.242/3210.78.11.242 – 10.78.11.24210.78.11.242
24410.78.11.243/3210.78.11.243 – 10.78.11.24310.78.11.243
24510.78.11.244/3210.78.11.244 – 10.78.11.24410.78.11.244
24610.78.11.245/3210.78.11.245 – 10.78.11.24510.78.11.245
24710.78.11.246/3210.78.11.246 – 10.78.11.24610.78.11.246
24810.78.11.247/3210.78.11.247 – 10.78.11.24710.78.11.247
24910.78.11.248/3210.78.11.248 – 10.78.11.24810.78.11.248
25010.78.11.249/3210.78.11.249 – 10.78.11.24910.78.11.249
25110.78.11.250/3210.78.11.250 – 10.78.11.25010.78.11.250
25210.78.11.251/3210.78.11.251 – 10.78.11.25110.78.11.251
25310.78.11.252/3210.78.11.252 – 10.78.11.25210.78.11.252
25410.78.11.253/3210.78.11.253 – 10.78.11.25310.78.11.253
25510.78.11.254/3210.78.11.254 – 10.78.11.25410.78.11.254
25610.78.11.255/3210.78.11.255 – 10.78.11.25510.78.11.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →