ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.78.10.0/24
network10.78.10.0/24
broadcast10.78.10.255
first host10.78.10.1
last host10.78.10.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.78.10.0/24
address00001010.01001110.00001010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.01001110.00001010.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001110.00001010.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4e0a00
decimal172886528
reverse dns0.10.78.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4e:a00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.78.10.0/3210.78.10.0 – 10.78.10.010.78.10.0
210.78.10.1/3210.78.10.1 – 10.78.10.110.78.10.1
310.78.10.2/3210.78.10.2 – 10.78.10.210.78.10.2
410.78.10.3/3210.78.10.3 – 10.78.10.310.78.10.3
510.78.10.4/3210.78.10.4 – 10.78.10.410.78.10.4
610.78.10.5/3210.78.10.5 – 10.78.10.510.78.10.5
710.78.10.6/3210.78.10.6 – 10.78.10.610.78.10.6
810.78.10.7/3210.78.10.7 – 10.78.10.710.78.10.7
910.78.10.8/3210.78.10.8 – 10.78.10.810.78.10.8
1010.78.10.9/3210.78.10.9 – 10.78.10.910.78.10.9
1110.78.10.10/3210.78.10.10 – 10.78.10.1010.78.10.10
1210.78.10.11/3210.78.10.11 – 10.78.10.1110.78.10.11
1310.78.10.12/3210.78.10.12 – 10.78.10.1210.78.10.12
1410.78.10.13/3210.78.10.13 – 10.78.10.1310.78.10.13
1510.78.10.14/3210.78.10.14 – 10.78.10.1410.78.10.14
1610.78.10.15/3210.78.10.15 – 10.78.10.1510.78.10.15
1710.78.10.16/3210.78.10.16 – 10.78.10.1610.78.10.16
1810.78.10.17/3210.78.10.17 – 10.78.10.1710.78.10.17
1910.78.10.18/3210.78.10.18 – 10.78.10.1810.78.10.18
2010.78.10.19/3210.78.10.19 – 10.78.10.1910.78.10.19
2110.78.10.20/3210.78.10.20 – 10.78.10.2010.78.10.20
2210.78.10.21/3210.78.10.21 – 10.78.10.2110.78.10.21
2310.78.10.22/3210.78.10.22 – 10.78.10.2210.78.10.22
2410.78.10.23/3210.78.10.23 – 10.78.10.2310.78.10.23
2510.78.10.24/3210.78.10.24 – 10.78.10.2410.78.10.24
2610.78.10.25/3210.78.10.25 – 10.78.10.2510.78.10.25
2710.78.10.26/3210.78.10.26 – 10.78.10.2610.78.10.26
2810.78.10.27/3210.78.10.27 – 10.78.10.2710.78.10.27
2910.78.10.28/3210.78.10.28 – 10.78.10.2810.78.10.28
3010.78.10.29/3210.78.10.29 – 10.78.10.2910.78.10.29
3110.78.10.30/3210.78.10.30 – 10.78.10.3010.78.10.30
3210.78.10.31/3210.78.10.31 – 10.78.10.3110.78.10.31
3310.78.10.32/3210.78.10.32 – 10.78.10.3210.78.10.32
3410.78.10.33/3210.78.10.33 – 10.78.10.3310.78.10.33
3510.78.10.34/3210.78.10.34 – 10.78.10.3410.78.10.34
3610.78.10.35/3210.78.10.35 – 10.78.10.3510.78.10.35
3710.78.10.36/3210.78.10.36 – 10.78.10.3610.78.10.36
3810.78.10.37/3210.78.10.37 – 10.78.10.3710.78.10.37
3910.78.10.38/3210.78.10.38 – 10.78.10.3810.78.10.38
4010.78.10.39/3210.78.10.39 – 10.78.10.3910.78.10.39
4110.78.10.40/3210.78.10.40 – 10.78.10.4010.78.10.40
4210.78.10.41/3210.78.10.41 – 10.78.10.4110.78.10.41
4310.78.10.42/3210.78.10.42 – 10.78.10.4210.78.10.42
4410.78.10.43/3210.78.10.43 – 10.78.10.4310.78.10.43
4510.78.10.44/3210.78.10.44 – 10.78.10.4410.78.10.44
4610.78.10.45/3210.78.10.45 – 10.78.10.4510.78.10.45
4710.78.10.46/3210.78.10.46 – 10.78.10.4610.78.10.46
4810.78.10.47/3210.78.10.47 – 10.78.10.4710.78.10.47
4910.78.10.48/3210.78.10.48 – 10.78.10.4810.78.10.48
5010.78.10.49/3210.78.10.49 – 10.78.10.4910.78.10.49
5110.78.10.50/3210.78.10.50 – 10.78.10.5010.78.10.50
5210.78.10.51/3210.78.10.51 – 10.78.10.5110.78.10.51
5310.78.10.52/3210.78.10.52 – 10.78.10.5210.78.10.52
5410.78.10.53/3210.78.10.53 – 10.78.10.5310.78.10.53
5510.78.10.54/3210.78.10.54 – 10.78.10.5410.78.10.54
5610.78.10.55/3210.78.10.55 – 10.78.10.5510.78.10.55
5710.78.10.56/3210.78.10.56 – 10.78.10.5610.78.10.56
5810.78.10.57/3210.78.10.57 – 10.78.10.5710.78.10.57
5910.78.10.58/3210.78.10.58 – 10.78.10.5810.78.10.58
6010.78.10.59/3210.78.10.59 – 10.78.10.5910.78.10.59
6110.78.10.60/3210.78.10.60 – 10.78.10.6010.78.10.60
6210.78.10.61/3210.78.10.61 – 10.78.10.6110.78.10.61
6310.78.10.62/3210.78.10.62 – 10.78.10.6210.78.10.62
6410.78.10.63/3210.78.10.63 – 10.78.10.6310.78.10.63
6510.78.10.64/3210.78.10.64 – 10.78.10.6410.78.10.64
6610.78.10.65/3210.78.10.65 – 10.78.10.6510.78.10.65
6710.78.10.66/3210.78.10.66 – 10.78.10.6610.78.10.66
6810.78.10.67/3210.78.10.67 – 10.78.10.6710.78.10.67
6910.78.10.68/3210.78.10.68 – 10.78.10.6810.78.10.68
7010.78.10.69/3210.78.10.69 – 10.78.10.6910.78.10.69
7110.78.10.70/3210.78.10.70 – 10.78.10.7010.78.10.70
7210.78.10.71/3210.78.10.71 – 10.78.10.7110.78.10.71
7310.78.10.72/3210.78.10.72 – 10.78.10.7210.78.10.72
7410.78.10.73/3210.78.10.73 – 10.78.10.7310.78.10.73
7510.78.10.74/3210.78.10.74 – 10.78.10.7410.78.10.74
7610.78.10.75/3210.78.10.75 – 10.78.10.7510.78.10.75
7710.78.10.76/3210.78.10.76 – 10.78.10.7610.78.10.76
7810.78.10.77/3210.78.10.77 – 10.78.10.7710.78.10.77
7910.78.10.78/3210.78.10.78 – 10.78.10.7810.78.10.78
8010.78.10.79/3210.78.10.79 – 10.78.10.7910.78.10.79
8110.78.10.80/3210.78.10.80 – 10.78.10.8010.78.10.80
8210.78.10.81/3210.78.10.81 – 10.78.10.8110.78.10.81
8310.78.10.82/3210.78.10.82 – 10.78.10.8210.78.10.82
8410.78.10.83/3210.78.10.83 – 10.78.10.8310.78.10.83
8510.78.10.84/3210.78.10.84 – 10.78.10.8410.78.10.84
8610.78.10.85/3210.78.10.85 – 10.78.10.8510.78.10.85
8710.78.10.86/3210.78.10.86 – 10.78.10.8610.78.10.86
8810.78.10.87/3210.78.10.87 – 10.78.10.8710.78.10.87
8910.78.10.88/3210.78.10.88 – 10.78.10.8810.78.10.88
9010.78.10.89/3210.78.10.89 – 10.78.10.8910.78.10.89
9110.78.10.90/3210.78.10.90 – 10.78.10.9010.78.10.90
9210.78.10.91/3210.78.10.91 – 10.78.10.9110.78.10.91
9310.78.10.92/3210.78.10.92 – 10.78.10.9210.78.10.92
9410.78.10.93/3210.78.10.93 – 10.78.10.9310.78.10.93
9510.78.10.94/3210.78.10.94 – 10.78.10.9410.78.10.94
9610.78.10.95/3210.78.10.95 – 10.78.10.9510.78.10.95
9710.78.10.96/3210.78.10.96 – 10.78.10.9610.78.10.96
9810.78.10.97/3210.78.10.97 – 10.78.10.9710.78.10.97
9910.78.10.98/3210.78.10.98 – 10.78.10.9810.78.10.98
10010.78.10.99/3210.78.10.99 – 10.78.10.9910.78.10.99
10110.78.10.100/3210.78.10.100 – 10.78.10.10010.78.10.100
10210.78.10.101/3210.78.10.101 – 10.78.10.10110.78.10.101
10310.78.10.102/3210.78.10.102 – 10.78.10.10210.78.10.102
10410.78.10.103/3210.78.10.103 – 10.78.10.10310.78.10.103
10510.78.10.104/3210.78.10.104 – 10.78.10.10410.78.10.104
10610.78.10.105/3210.78.10.105 – 10.78.10.10510.78.10.105
10710.78.10.106/3210.78.10.106 – 10.78.10.10610.78.10.106
10810.78.10.107/3210.78.10.107 – 10.78.10.10710.78.10.107
10910.78.10.108/3210.78.10.108 – 10.78.10.10810.78.10.108
11010.78.10.109/3210.78.10.109 – 10.78.10.10910.78.10.109
11110.78.10.110/3210.78.10.110 – 10.78.10.11010.78.10.110
11210.78.10.111/3210.78.10.111 – 10.78.10.11110.78.10.111
11310.78.10.112/3210.78.10.112 – 10.78.10.11210.78.10.112
11410.78.10.113/3210.78.10.113 – 10.78.10.11310.78.10.113
11510.78.10.114/3210.78.10.114 – 10.78.10.11410.78.10.114
11610.78.10.115/3210.78.10.115 – 10.78.10.11510.78.10.115
11710.78.10.116/3210.78.10.116 – 10.78.10.11610.78.10.116
11810.78.10.117/3210.78.10.117 – 10.78.10.11710.78.10.117
11910.78.10.118/3210.78.10.118 – 10.78.10.11810.78.10.118
12010.78.10.119/3210.78.10.119 – 10.78.10.11910.78.10.119
12110.78.10.120/3210.78.10.120 – 10.78.10.12010.78.10.120
12210.78.10.121/3210.78.10.121 – 10.78.10.12110.78.10.121
12310.78.10.122/3210.78.10.122 – 10.78.10.12210.78.10.122
12410.78.10.123/3210.78.10.123 – 10.78.10.12310.78.10.123
12510.78.10.124/3210.78.10.124 – 10.78.10.12410.78.10.124
12610.78.10.125/3210.78.10.125 – 10.78.10.12510.78.10.125
12710.78.10.126/3210.78.10.126 – 10.78.10.12610.78.10.126
12810.78.10.127/3210.78.10.127 – 10.78.10.12710.78.10.127
12910.78.10.128/3210.78.10.128 – 10.78.10.12810.78.10.128
13010.78.10.129/3210.78.10.129 – 10.78.10.12910.78.10.129
13110.78.10.130/3210.78.10.130 – 10.78.10.13010.78.10.130
13210.78.10.131/3210.78.10.131 – 10.78.10.13110.78.10.131
13310.78.10.132/3210.78.10.132 – 10.78.10.13210.78.10.132
13410.78.10.133/3210.78.10.133 – 10.78.10.13310.78.10.133
13510.78.10.134/3210.78.10.134 – 10.78.10.13410.78.10.134
13610.78.10.135/3210.78.10.135 – 10.78.10.13510.78.10.135
13710.78.10.136/3210.78.10.136 – 10.78.10.13610.78.10.136
13810.78.10.137/3210.78.10.137 – 10.78.10.13710.78.10.137
13910.78.10.138/3210.78.10.138 – 10.78.10.13810.78.10.138
14010.78.10.139/3210.78.10.139 – 10.78.10.13910.78.10.139
14110.78.10.140/3210.78.10.140 – 10.78.10.14010.78.10.140
14210.78.10.141/3210.78.10.141 – 10.78.10.14110.78.10.141
14310.78.10.142/3210.78.10.142 – 10.78.10.14210.78.10.142
14410.78.10.143/3210.78.10.143 – 10.78.10.14310.78.10.143
14510.78.10.144/3210.78.10.144 – 10.78.10.14410.78.10.144
14610.78.10.145/3210.78.10.145 – 10.78.10.14510.78.10.145
14710.78.10.146/3210.78.10.146 – 10.78.10.14610.78.10.146
14810.78.10.147/3210.78.10.147 – 10.78.10.14710.78.10.147
14910.78.10.148/3210.78.10.148 – 10.78.10.14810.78.10.148
15010.78.10.149/3210.78.10.149 – 10.78.10.14910.78.10.149
15110.78.10.150/3210.78.10.150 – 10.78.10.15010.78.10.150
15210.78.10.151/3210.78.10.151 – 10.78.10.15110.78.10.151
15310.78.10.152/3210.78.10.152 – 10.78.10.15210.78.10.152
15410.78.10.153/3210.78.10.153 – 10.78.10.15310.78.10.153
15510.78.10.154/3210.78.10.154 – 10.78.10.15410.78.10.154
15610.78.10.155/3210.78.10.155 – 10.78.10.15510.78.10.155
15710.78.10.156/3210.78.10.156 – 10.78.10.15610.78.10.156
15810.78.10.157/3210.78.10.157 – 10.78.10.15710.78.10.157
15910.78.10.158/3210.78.10.158 – 10.78.10.15810.78.10.158
16010.78.10.159/3210.78.10.159 – 10.78.10.15910.78.10.159
16110.78.10.160/3210.78.10.160 – 10.78.10.16010.78.10.160
16210.78.10.161/3210.78.10.161 – 10.78.10.16110.78.10.161
16310.78.10.162/3210.78.10.162 – 10.78.10.16210.78.10.162
16410.78.10.163/3210.78.10.163 – 10.78.10.16310.78.10.163
16510.78.10.164/3210.78.10.164 – 10.78.10.16410.78.10.164
16610.78.10.165/3210.78.10.165 – 10.78.10.16510.78.10.165
16710.78.10.166/3210.78.10.166 – 10.78.10.16610.78.10.166
16810.78.10.167/3210.78.10.167 – 10.78.10.16710.78.10.167
16910.78.10.168/3210.78.10.168 – 10.78.10.16810.78.10.168
17010.78.10.169/3210.78.10.169 – 10.78.10.16910.78.10.169
17110.78.10.170/3210.78.10.170 – 10.78.10.17010.78.10.170
17210.78.10.171/3210.78.10.171 – 10.78.10.17110.78.10.171
17310.78.10.172/3210.78.10.172 – 10.78.10.17210.78.10.172
17410.78.10.173/3210.78.10.173 – 10.78.10.17310.78.10.173
17510.78.10.174/3210.78.10.174 – 10.78.10.17410.78.10.174
17610.78.10.175/3210.78.10.175 – 10.78.10.17510.78.10.175
17710.78.10.176/3210.78.10.176 – 10.78.10.17610.78.10.176
17810.78.10.177/3210.78.10.177 – 10.78.10.17710.78.10.177
17910.78.10.178/3210.78.10.178 – 10.78.10.17810.78.10.178
18010.78.10.179/3210.78.10.179 – 10.78.10.17910.78.10.179
18110.78.10.180/3210.78.10.180 – 10.78.10.18010.78.10.180
18210.78.10.181/3210.78.10.181 – 10.78.10.18110.78.10.181
18310.78.10.182/3210.78.10.182 – 10.78.10.18210.78.10.182
18410.78.10.183/3210.78.10.183 – 10.78.10.18310.78.10.183
18510.78.10.184/3210.78.10.184 – 10.78.10.18410.78.10.184
18610.78.10.185/3210.78.10.185 – 10.78.10.18510.78.10.185
18710.78.10.186/3210.78.10.186 – 10.78.10.18610.78.10.186
18810.78.10.187/3210.78.10.187 – 10.78.10.18710.78.10.187
18910.78.10.188/3210.78.10.188 – 10.78.10.18810.78.10.188
19010.78.10.189/3210.78.10.189 – 10.78.10.18910.78.10.189
19110.78.10.190/3210.78.10.190 – 10.78.10.19010.78.10.190
19210.78.10.191/3210.78.10.191 – 10.78.10.19110.78.10.191
19310.78.10.192/3210.78.10.192 – 10.78.10.19210.78.10.192
19410.78.10.193/3210.78.10.193 – 10.78.10.19310.78.10.193
19510.78.10.194/3210.78.10.194 – 10.78.10.19410.78.10.194
19610.78.10.195/3210.78.10.195 – 10.78.10.19510.78.10.195
19710.78.10.196/3210.78.10.196 – 10.78.10.19610.78.10.196
19810.78.10.197/3210.78.10.197 – 10.78.10.19710.78.10.197
19910.78.10.198/3210.78.10.198 – 10.78.10.19810.78.10.198
20010.78.10.199/3210.78.10.199 – 10.78.10.19910.78.10.199
20110.78.10.200/3210.78.10.200 – 10.78.10.20010.78.10.200
20210.78.10.201/3210.78.10.201 – 10.78.10.20110.78.10.201
20310.78.10.202/3210.78.10.202 – 10.78.10.20210.78.10.202
20410.78.10.203/3210.78.10.203 – 10.78.10.20310.78.10.203
20510.78.10.204/3210.78.10.204 – 10.78.10.20410.78.10.204
20610.78.10.205/3210.78.10.205 – 10.78.10.20510.78.10.205
20710.78.10.206/3210.78.10.206 – 10.78.10.20610.78.10.206
20810.78.10.207/3210.78.10.207 – 10.78.10.20710.78.10.207
20910.78.10.208/3210.78.10.208 – 10.78.10.20810.78.10.208
21010.78.10.209/3210.78.10.209 – 10.78.10.20910.78.10.209
21110.78.10.210/3210.78.10.210 – 10.78.10.21010.78.10.210
21210.78.10.211/3210.78.10.211 – 10.78.10.21110.78.10.211
21310.78.10.212/3210.78.10.212 – 10.78.10.21210.78.10.212
21410.78.10.213/3210.78.10.213 – 10.78.10.21310.78.10.213
21510.78.10.214/3210.78.10.214 – 10.78.10.21410.78.10.214
21610.78.10.215/3210.78.10.215 – 10.78.10.21510.78.10.215
21710.78.10.216/3210.78.10.216 – 10.78.10.21610.78.10.216
21810.78.10.217/3210.78.10.217 – 10.78.10.21710.78.10.217
21910.78.10.218/3210.78.10.218 – 10.78.10.21810.78.10.218
22010.78.10.219/3210.78.10.219 – 10.78.10.21910.78.10.219
22110.78.10.220/3210.78.10.220 – 10.78.10.22010.78.10.220
22210.78.10.221/3210.78.10.221 – 10.78.10.22110.78.10.221
22310.78.10.222/3210.78.10.222 – 10.78.10.22210.78.10.222
22410.78.10.223/3210.78.10.223 – 10.78.10.22310.78.10.223
22510.78.10.224/3210.78.10.224 – 10.78.10.22410.78.10.224
22610.78.10.225/3210.78.10.225 – 10.78.10.22510.78.10.225
22710.78.10.226/3210.78.10.226 – 10.78.10.22610.78.10.226
22810.78.10.227/3210.78.10.227 – 10.78.10.22710.78.10.227
22910.78.10.228/3210.78.10.228 – 10.78.10.22810.78.10.228
23010.78.10.229/3210.78.10.229 – 10.78.10.22910.78.10.229
23110.78.10.230/3210.78.10.230 – 10.78.10.23010.78.10.230
23210.78.10.231/3210.78.10.231 – 10.78.10.23110.78.10.231
23310.78.10.232/3210.78.10.232 – 10.78.10.23210.78.10.232
23410.78.10.233/3210.78.10.233 – 10.78.10.23310.78.10.233
23510.78.10.234/3210.78.10.234 – 10.78.10.23410.78.10.234
23610.78.10.235/3210.78.10.235 – 10.78.10.23510.78.10.235
23710.78.10.236/3210.78.10.236 – 10.78.10.23610.78.10.236
23810.78.10.237/3210.78.10.237 – 10.78.10.23710.78.10.237
23910.78.10.238/3210.78.10.238 – 10.78.10.23810.78.10.238
24010.78.10.239/3210.78.10.239 – 10.78.10.23910.78.10.239
24110.78.10.240/3210.78.10.240 – 10.78.10.24010.78.10.240
24210.78.10.241/3210.78.10.241 – 10.78.10.24110.78.10.241
24310.78.10.242/3210.78.10.242 – 10.78.10.24210.78.10.242
24410.78.10.243/3210.78.10.243 – 10.78.10.24310.78.10.243
24510.78.10.244/3210.78.10.244 – 10.78.10.24410.78.10.244
24610.78.10.245/3210.78.10.245 – 10.78.10.24510.78.10.245
24710.78.10.246/3210.78.10.246 – 10.78.10.24610.78.10.246
24810.78.10.247/3210.78.10.247 – 10.78.10.24710.78.10.247
24910.78.10.248/3210.78.10.248 – 10.78.10.24810.78.10.248
25010.78.10.249/3210.78.10.249 – 10.78.10.24910.78.10.249
25110.78.10.250/3210.78.10.250 – 10.78.10.25010.78.10.250
25210.78.10.251/3210.78.10.251 – 10.78.10.25110.78.10.251
25310.78.10.252/3210.78.10.252 – 10.78.10.25210.78.10.252
25410.78.10.253/3210.78.10.253 – 10.78.10.25310.78.10.253
25510.78.10.254/3210.78.10.254 – 10.78.10.25410.78.10.254
25610.78.10.255/3210.78.10.255 – 10.78.10.25510.78.10.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →