ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.77.90.0/23
network10.77.90.0/23
broadcast10.77.91.255
first host10.77.90.1
last host10.77.91.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.77.90.0/23
address00001010.01001101.01011010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001101.01011010.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001101.01011011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4d5a00
decimal172841472
reverse dns0.90.77.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4d:5a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.77.90.0/3110.77.90.0 – 10.77.90.110.77.90.1
210.77.90.2/3110.77.90.2 – 10.77.90.310.77.90.3
310.77.90.4/3110.77.90.4 – 10.77.90.510.77.90.5
410.77.90.6/3110.77.90.6 – 10.77.90.710.77.90.7
510.77.90.8/3110.77.90.8 – 10.77.90.910.77.90.9
610.77.90.10/3110.77.90.10 – 10.77.90.1110.77.90.11
710.77.90.12/3110.77.90.12 – 10.77.90.1310.77.90.13
810.77.90.14/3110.77.90.14 – 10.77.90.1510.77.90.15
910.77.90.16/3110.77.90.16 – 10.77.90.1710.77.90.17
1010.77.90.18/3110.77.90.18 – 10.77.90.1910.77.90.19
1110.77.90.20/3110.77.90.20 – 10.77.90.2110.77.90.21
1210.77.90.22/3110.77.90.22 – 10.77.90.2310.77.90.23
1310.77.90.24/3110.77.90.24 – 10.77.90.2510.77.90.25
1410.77.90.26/3110.77.90.26 – 10.77.90.2710.77.90.27
1510.77.90.28/3110.77.90.28 – 10.77.90.2910.77.90.29
1610.77.90.30/3110.77.90.30 – 10.77.90.3110.77.90.31
1710.77.90.32/3110.77.90.32 – 10.77.90.3310.77.90.33
1810.77.90.34/3110.77.90.34 – 10.77.90.3510.77.90.35
1910.77.90.36/3110.77.90.36 – 10.77.90.3710.77.90.37
2010.77.90.38/3110.77.90.38 – 10.77.90.3910.77.90.39
2110.77.90.40/3110.77.90.40 – 10.77.90.4110.77.90.41
2210.77.90.42/3110.77.90.42 – 10.77.90.4310.77.90.43
2310.77.90.44/3110.77.90.44 – 10.77.90.4510.77.90.45
2410.77.90.46/3110.77.90.46 – 10.77.90.4710.77.90.47
2510.77.90.48/3110.77.90.48 – 10.77.90.4910.77.90.49
2610.77.90.50/3110.77.90.50 – 10.77.90.5110.77.90.51
2710.77.90.52/3110.77.90.52 – 10.77.90.5310.77.90.53
2810.77.90.54/3110.77.90.54 – 10.77.90.5510.77.90.55
2910.77.90.56/3110.77.90.56 – 10.77.90.5710.77.90.57
3010.77.90.58/3110.77.90.58 – 10.77.90.5910.77.90.59
3110.77.90.60/3110.77.90.60 – 10.77.90.6110.77.90.61
3210.77.90.62/3110.77.90.62 – 10.77.90.6310.77.90.63
3310.77.90.64/3110.77.90.64 – 10.77.90.6510.77.90.65
3410.77.90.66/3110.77.90.66 – 10.77.90.6710.77.90.67
3510.77.90.68/3110.77.90.68 – 10.77.90.6910.77.90.69
3610.77.90.70/3110.77.90.70 – 10.77.90.7110.77.90.71
3710.77.90.72/3110.77.90.72 – 10.77.90.7310.77.90.73
3810.77.90.74/3110.77.90.74 – 10.77.90.7510.77.90.75
3910.77.90.76/3110.77.90.76 – 10.77.90.7710.77.90.77
4010.77.90.78/3110.77.90.78 – 10.77.90.7910.77.90.79
4110.77.90.80/3110.77.90.80 – 10.77.90.8110.77.90.81
4210.77.90.82/3110.77.90.82 – 10.77.90.8310.77.90.83
4310.77.90.84/3110.77.90.84 – 10.77.90.8510.77.90.85
4410.77.90.86/3110.77.90.86 – 10.77.90.8710.77.90.87
4510.77.90.88/3110.77.90.88 – 10.77.90.8910.77.90.89
4610.77.90.90/3110.77.90.90 – 10.77.90.9110.77.90.91
4710.77.90.92/3110.77.90.92 – 10.77.90.9310.77.90.93
4810.77.90.94/3110.77.90.94 – 10.77.90.9510.77.90.95
4910.77.90.96/3110.77.90.96 – 10.77.90.9710.77.90.97
5010.77.90.98/3110.77.90.98 – 10.77.90.9910.77.90.99
5110.77.90.100/3110.77.90.100 – 10.77.90.10110.77.90.101
5210.77.90.102/3110.77.90.102 – 10.77.90.10310.77.90.103
5310.77.90.104/3110.77.90.104 – 10.77.90.10510.77.90.105
5410.77.90.106/3110.77.90.106 – 10.77.90.10710.77.90.107
5510.77.90.108/3110.77.90.108 – 10.77.90.10910.77.90.109
5610.77.90.110/3110.77.90.110 – 10.77.90.11110.77.90.111
5710.77.90.112/3110.77.90.112 – 10.77.90.11310.77.90.113
5810.77.90.114/3110.77.90.114 – 10.77.90.11510.77.90.115
5910.77.90.116/3110.77.90.116 – 10.77.90.11710.77.90.117
6010.77.90.118/3110.77.90.118 – 10.77.90.11910.77.90.119
6110.77.90.120/3110.77.90.120 – 10.77.90.12110.77.90.121
6210.77.90.122/3110.77.90.122 – 10.77.90.12310.77.90.123
6310.77.90.124/3110.77.90.124 – 10.77.90.12510.77.90.125
6410.77.90.126/3110.77.90.126 – 10.77.90.12710.77.90.127
6510.77.90.128/3110.77.90.128 – 10.77.90.12910.77.90.129
6610.77.90.130/3110.77.90.130 – 10.77.90.13110.77.90.131
6710.77.90.132/3110.77.90.132 – 10.77.90.13310.77.90.133
6810.77.90.134/3110.77.90.134 – 10.77.90.13510.77.90.135
6910.77.90.136/3110.77.90.136 – 10.77.90.13710.77.90.137
7010.77.90.138/3110.77.90.138 – 10.77.90.13910.77.90.139
7110.77.90.140/3110.77.90.140 – 10.77.90.14110.77.90.141
7210.77.90.142/3110.77.90.142 – 10.77.90.14310.77.90.143
7310.77.90.144/3110.77.90.144 – 10.77.90.14510.77.90.145
7410.77.90.146/3110.77.90.146 – 10.77.90.14710.77.90.147
7510.77.90.148/3110.77.90.148 – 10.77.90.14910.77.90.149
7610.77.90.150/3110.77.90.150 – 10.77.90.15110.77.90.151
7710.77.90.152/3110.77.90.152 – 10.77.90.15310.77.90.153
7810.77.90.154/3110.77.90.154 – 10.77.90.15510.77.90.155
7910.77.90.156/3110.77.90.156 – 10.77.90.15710.77.90.157
8010.77.90.158/3110.77.90.158 – 10.77.90.15910.77.90.159
8110.77.90.160/3110.77.90.160 – 10.77.90.16110.77.90.161
8210.77.90.162/3110.77.90.162 – 10.77.90.16310.77.90.163
8310.77.90.164/3110.77.90.164 – 10.77.90.16510.77.90.165
8410.77.90.166/3110.77.90.166 – 10.77.90.16710.77.90.167
8510.77.90.168/3110.77.90.168 – 10.77.90.16910.77.90.169
8610.77.90.170/3110.77.90.170 – 10.77.90.17110.77.90.171
8710.77.90.172/3110.77.90.172 – 10.77.90.17310.77.90.173
8810.77.90.174/3110.77.90.174 – 10.77.90.17510.77.90.175
8910.77.90.176/3110.77.90.176 – 10.77.90.17710.77.90.177
9010.77.90.178/3110.77.90.178 – 10.77.90.17910.77.90.179
9110.77.90.180/3110.77.90.180 – 10.77.90.18110.77.90.181
9210.77.90.182/3110.77.90.182 – 10.77.90.18310.77.90.183
9310.77.90.184/3110.77.90.184 – 10.77.90.18510.77.90.185
9410.77.90.186/3110.77.90.186 – 10.77.90.18710.77.90.187
9510.77.90.188/3110.77.90.188 – 10.77.90.18910.77.90.189
9610.77.90.190/3110.77.90.190 – 10.77.90.19110.77.90.191
9710.77.90.192/3110.77.90.192 – 10.77.90.19310.77.90.193
9810.77.90.194/3110.77.90.194 – 10.77.90.19510.77.90.195
9910.77.90.196/3110.77.90.196 – 10.77.90.19710.77.90.197
10010.77.90.198/3110.77.90.198 – 10.77.90.19910.77.90.199
10110.77.90.200/3110.77.90.200 – 10.77.90.20110.77.90.201
10210.77.90.202/3110.77.90.202 – 10.77.90.20310.77.90.203
10310.77.90.204/3110.77.90.204 – 10.77.90.20510.77.90.205
10410.77.90.206/3110.77.90.206 – 10.77.90.20710.77.90.207
10510.77.90.208/3110.77.90.208 – 10.77.90.20910.77.90.209
10610.77.90.210/3110.77.90.210 – 10.77.90.21110.77.90.211
10710.77.90.212/3110.77.90.212 – 10.77.90.21310.77.90.213
10810.77.90.214/3110.77.90.214 – 10.77.90.21510.77.90.215
10910.77.90.216/3110.77.90.216 – 10.77.90.21710.77.90.217
11010.77.90.218/3110.77.90.218 – 10.77.90.21910.77.90.219
11110.77.90.220/3110.77.90.220 – 10.77.90.22110.77.90.221
11210.77.90.222/3110.77.90.222 – 10.77.90.22310.77.90.223
11310.77.90.224/3110.77.90.224 – 10.77.90.22510.77.90.225
11410.77.90.226/3110.77.90.226 – 10.77.90.22710.77.90.227
11510.77.90.228/3110.77.90.228 – 10.77.90.22910.77.90.229
11610.77.90.230/3110.77.90.230 – 10.77.90.23110.77.90.231
11710.77.90.232/3110.77.90.232 – 10.77.90.23310.77.90.233
11810.77.90.234/3110.77.90.234 – 10.77.90.23510.77.90.235
11910.77.90.236/3110.77.90.236 – 10.77.90.23710.77.90.237
12010.77.90.238/3110.77.90.238 – 10.77.90.23910.77.90.239
12110.77.90.240/3110.77.90.240 – 10.77.90.24110.77.90.241
12210.77.90.242/3110.77.90.242 – 10.77.90.24310.77.90.243
12310.77.90.244/3110.77.90.244 – 10.77.90.24510.77.90.245
12410.77.90.246/3110.77.90.246 – 10.77.90.24710.77.90.247
12510.77.90.248/3110.77.90.248 – 10.77.90.24910.77.90.249
12610.77.90.250/3110.77.90.250 – 10.77.90.25110.77.90.251
12710.77.90.252/3110.77.90.252 – 10.77.90.25310.77.90.253
12810.77.90.254/3110.77.90.254 – 10.77.90.25510.77.90.255
12910.77.91.0/3110.77.91.0 – 10.77.91.110.77.91.1
13010.77.91.2/3110.77.91.2 – 10.77.91.310.77.91.3
13110.77.91.4/3110.77.91.4 – 10.77.91.510.77.91.5
13210.77.91.6/3110.77.91.6 – 10.77.91.710.77.91.7
13310.77.91.8/3110.77.91.8 – 10.77.91.910.77.91.9
13410.77.91.10/3110.77.91.10 – 10.77.91.1110.77.91.11
13510.77.91.12/3110.77.91.12 – 10.77.91.1310.77.91.13
13610.77.91.14/3110.77.91.14 – 10.77.91.1510.77.91.15
13710.77.91.16/3110.77.91.16 – 10.77.91.1710.77.91.17
13810.77.91.18/3110.77.91.18 – 10.77.91.1910.77.91.19
13910.77.91.20/3110.77.91.20 – 10.77.91.2110.77.91.21
14010.77.91.22/3110.77.91.22 – 10.77.91.2310.77.91.23
14110.77.91.24/3110.77.91.24 – 10.77.91.2510.77.91.25
14210.77.91.26/3110.77.91.26 – 10.77.91.2710.77.91.27
14310.77.91.28/3110.77.91.28 – 10.77.91.2910.77.91.29
14410.77.91.30/3110.77.91.30 – 10.77.91.3110.77.91.31
14510.77.91.32/3110.77.91.32 – 10.77.91.3310.77.91.33
14610.77.91.34/3110.77.91.34 – 10.77.91.3510.77.91.35
14710.77.91.36/3110.77.91.36 – 10.77.91.3710.77.91.37
14810.77.91.38/3110.77.91.38 – 10.77.91.3910.77.91.39
14910.77.91.40/3110.77.91.40 – 10.77.91.4110.77.91.41
15010.77.91.42/3110.77.91.42 – 10.77.91.4310.77.91.43
15110.77.91.44/3110.77.91.44 – 10.77.91.4510.77.91.45
15210.77.91.46/3110.77.91.46 – 10.77.91.4710.77.91.47
15310.77.91.48/3110.77.91.48 – 10.77.91.4910.77.91.49
15410.77.91.50/3110.77.91.50 – 10.77.91.5110.77.91.51
15510.77.91.52/3110.77.91.52 – 10.77.91.5310.77.91.53
15610.77.91.54/3110.77.91.54 – 10.77.91.5510.77.91.55
15710.77.91.56/3110.77.91.56 – 10.77.91.5710.77.91.57
15810.77.91.58/3110.77.91.58 – 10.77.91.5910.77.91.59
15910.77.91.60/3110.77.91.60 – 10.77.91.6110.77.91.61
16010.77.91.62/3110.77.91.62 – 10.77.91.6310.77.91.63
16110.77.91.64/3110.77.91.64 – 10.77.91.6510.77.91.65
16210.77.91.66/3110.77.91.66 – 10.77.91.6710.77.91.67
16310.77.91.68/3110.77.91.68 – 10.77.91.6910.77.91.69
16410.77.91.70/3110.77.91.70 – 10.77.91.7110.77.91.71
16510.77.91.72/3110.77.91.72 – 10.77.91.7310.77.91.73
16610.77.91.74/3110.77.91.74 – 10.77.91.7510.77.91.75
16710.77.91.76/3110.77.91.76 – 10.77.91.7710.77.91.77
16810.77.91.78/3110.77.91.78 – 10.77.91.7910.77.91.79
16910.77.91.80/3110.77.91.80 – 10.77.91.8110.77.91.81
17010.77.91.82/3110.77.91.82 – 10.77.91.8310.77.91.83
17110.77.91.84/3110.77.91.84 – 10.77.91.8510.77.91.85
17210.77.91.86/3110.77.91.86 – 10.77.91.8710.77.91.87
17310.77.91.88/3110.77.91.88 – 10.77.91.8910.77.91.89
17410.77.91.90/3110.77.91.90 – 10.77.91.9110.77.91.91
17510.77.91.92/3110.77.91.92 – 10.77.91.9310.77.91.93
17610.77.91.94/3110.77.91.94 – 10.77.91.9510.77.91.95
17710.77.91.96/3110.77.91.96 – 10.77.91.9710.77.91.97
17810.77.91.98/3110.77.91.98 – 10.77.91.9910.77.91.99
17910.77.91.100/3110.77.91.100 – 10.77.91.10110.77.91.101
18010.77.91.102/3110.77.91.102 – 10.77.91.10310.77.91.103
18110.77.91.104/3110.77.91.104 – 10.77.91.10510.77.91.105
18210.77.91.106/3110.77.91.106 – 10.77.91.10710.77.91.107
18310.77.91.108/3110.77.91.108 – 10.77.91.10910.77.91.109
18410.77.91.110/3110.77.91.110 – 10.77.91.11110.77.91.111
18510.77.91.112/3110.77.91.112 – 10.77.91.11310.77.91.113
18610.77.91.114/3110.77.91.114 – 10.77.91.11510.77.91.115
18710.77.91.116/3110.77.91.116 – 10.77.91.11710.77.91.117
18810.77.91.118/3110.77.91.118 – 10.77.91.11910.77.91.119
18910.77.91.120/3110.77.91.120 – 10.77.91.12110.77.91.121
19010.77.91.122/3110.77.91.122 – 10.77.91.12310.77.91.123
19110.77.91.124/3110.77.91.124 – 10.77.91.12510.77.91.125
19210.77.91.126/3110.77.91.126 – 10.77.91.12710.77.91.127
19310.77.91.128/3110.77.91.128 – 10.77.91.12910.77.91.129
19410.77.91.130/3110.77.91.130 – 10.77.91.13110.77.91.131
19510.77.91.132/3110.77.91.132 – 10.77.91.13310.77.91.133
19610.77.91.134/3110.77.91.134 – 10.77.91.13510.77.91.135
19710.77.91.136/3110.77.91.136 – 10.77.91.13710.77.91.137
19810.77.91.138/3110.77.91.138 – 10.77.91.13910.77.91.139
19910.77.91.140/3110.77.91.140 – 10.77.91.14110.77.91.141
20010.77.91.142/3110.77.91.142 – 10.77.91.14310.77.91.143
20110.77.91.144/3110.77.91.144 – 10.77.91.14510.77.91.145
20210.77.91.146/3110.77.91.146 – 10.77.91.14710.77.91.147
20310.77.91.148/3110.77.91.148 – 10.77.91.14910.77.91.149
20410.77.91.150/3110.77.91.150 – 10.77.91.15110.77.91.151
20510.77.91.152/3110.77.91.152 – 10.77.91.15310.77.91.153
20610.77.91.154/3110.77.91.154 – 10.77.91.15510.77.91.155
20710.77.91.156/3110.77.91.156 – 10.77.91.15710.77.91.157
20810.77.91.158/3110.77.91.158 – 10.77.91.15910.77.91.159
20910.77.91.160/3110.77.91.160 – 10.77.91.16110.77.91.161
21010.77.91.162/3110.77.91.162 – 10.77.91.16310.77.91.163
21110.77.91.164/3110.77.91.164 – 10.77.91.16510.77.91.165
21210.77.91.166/3110.77.91.166 – 10.77.91.16710.77.91.167
21310.77.91.168/3110.77.91.168 – 10.77.91.16910.77.91.169
21410.77.91.170/3110.77.91.170 – 10.77.91.17110.77.91.171
21510.77.91.172/3110.77.91.172 – 10.77.91.17310.77.91.173
21610.77.91.174/3110.77.91.174 – 10.77.91.17510.77.91.175
21710.77.91.176/3110.77.91.176 – 10.77.91.17710.77.91.177
21810.77.91.178/3110.77.91.178 – 10.77.91.17910.77.91.179
21910.77.91.180/3110.77.91.180 – 10.77.91.18110.77.91.181
22010.77.91.182/3110.77.91.182 – 10.77.91.18310.77.91.183
22110.77.91.184/3110.77.91.184 – 10.77.91.18510.77.91.185
22210.77.91.186/3110.77.91.186 – 10.77.91.18710.77.91.187
22310.77.91.188/3110.77.91.188 – 10.77.91.18910.77.91.189
22410.77.91.190/3110.77.91.190 – 10.77.91.19110.77.91.191
22510.77.91.192/3110.77.91.192 – 10.77.91.19310.77.91.193
22610.77.91.194/3110.77.91.194 – 10.77.91.19510.77.91.195
22710.77.91.196/3110.77.91.196 – 10.77.91.19710.77.91.197
22810.77.91.198/3110.77.91.198 – 10.77.91.19910.77.91.199
22910.77.91.200/3110.77.91.200 – 10.77.91.20110.77.91.201
23010.77.91.202/3110.77.91.202 – 10.77.91.20310.77.91.203
23110.77.91.204/3110.77.91.204 – 10.77.91.20510.77.91.205
23210.77.91.206/3110.77.91.206 – 10.77.91.20710.77.91.207
23310.77.91.208/3110.77.91.208 – 10.77.91.20910.77.91.209
23410.77.91.210/3110.77.91.210 – 10.77.91.21110.77.91.211
23510.77.91.212/3110.77.91.212 – 10.77.91.21310.77.91.213
23610.77.91.214/3110.77.91.214 – 10.77.91.21510.77.91.215
23710.77.91.216/3110.77.91.216 – 10.77.91.21710.77.91.217
23810.77.91.218/3110.77.91.218 – 10.77.91.21910.77.91.219
23910.77.91.220/3110.77.91.220 – 10.77.91.22110.77.91.221
24010.77.91.222/3110.77.91.222 – 10.77.91.22310.77.91.223
24110.77.91.224/3110.77.91.224 – 10.77.91.22510.77.91.225
24210.77.91.226/3110.77.91.226 – 10.77.91.22710.77.91.227
24310.77.91.228/3110.77.91.228 – 10.77.91.22910.77.91.229
24410.77.91.230/3110.77.91.230 – 10.77.91.23110.77.91.231
24510.77.91.232/3110.77.91.232 – 10.77.91.23310.77.91.233
24610.77.91.234/3110.77.91.234 – 10.77.91.23510.77.91.235
24710.77.91.236/3110.77.91.236 – 10.77.91.23710.77.91.237
24810.77.91.238/3110.77.91.238 – 10.77.91.23910.77.91.239
24910.77.91.240/3110.77.91.240 – 10.77.91.24110.77.91.241
25010.77.91.242/3110.77.91.242 – 10.77.91.24310.77.91.243
25110.77.91.244/3110.77.91.244 – 10.77.91.24510.77.91.245
25210.77.91.246/3110.77.91.246 – 10.77.91.24710.77.91.247
25310.77.91.248/3110.77.91.248 – 10.77.91.24910.77.91.249
25410.77.91.250/3110.77.91.250 – 10.77.91.25110.77.91.251
25510.77.91.252/3110.77.91.252 – 10.77.91.25310.77.91.253
25610.77.91.254/3110.77.91.254 – 10.77.91.25510.77.91.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →