ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.76.86.0/23
network10.76.86.0/23
broadcast10.76.87.255
first host10.76.86.1
last host10.76.87.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.76.86.0/23
address00001010.01001100.01010110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001100.01010110.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001100.01010111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4c5600
decimal172774912
reverse dns0.86.76.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4c:5600

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.76.86.0/3110.76.86.0 – 10.76.86.110.76.86.1
210.76.86.2/3110.76.86.2 – 10.76.86.310.76.86.3
310.76.86.4/3110.76.86.4 – 10.76.86.510.76.86.5
410.76.86.6/3110.76.86.6 – 10.76.86.710.76.86.7
510.76.86.8/3110.76.86.8 – 10.76.86.910.76.86.9
610.76.86.10/3110.76.86.10 – 10.76.86.1110.76.86.11
710.76.86.12/3110.76.86.12 – 10.76.86.1310.76.86.13
810.76.86.14/3110.76.86.14 – 10.76.86.1510.76.86.15
910.76.86.16/3110.76.86.16 – 10.76.86.1710.76.86.17
1010.76.86.18/3110.76.86.18 – 10.76.86.1910.76.86.19
1110.76.86.20/3110.76.86.20 – 10.76.86.2110.76.86.21
1210.76.86.22/3110.76.86.22 – 10.76.86.2310.76.86.23
1310.76.86.24/3110.76.86.24 – 10.76.86.2510.76.86.25
1410.76.86.26/3110.76.86.26 – 10.76.86.2710.76.86.27
1510.76.86.28/3110.76.86.28 – 10.76.86.2910.76.86.29
1610.76.86.30/3110.76.86.30 – 10.76.86.3110.76.86.31
1710.76.86.32/3110.76.86.32 – 10.76.86.3310.76.86.33
1810.76.86.34/3110.76.86.34 – 10.76.86.3510.76.86.35
1910.76.86.36/3110.76.86.36 – 10.76.86.3710.76.86.37
2010.76.86.38/3110.76.86.38 – 10.76.86.3910.76.86.39
2110.76.86.40/3110.76.86.40 – 10.76.86.4110.76.86.41
2210.76.86.42/3110.76.86.42 – 10.76.86.4310.76.86.43
2310.76.86.44/3110.76.86.44 – 10.76.86.4510.76.86.45
2410.76.86.46/3110.76.86.46 – 10.76.86.4710.76.86.47
2510.76.86.48/3110.76.86.48 – 10.76.86.4910.76.86.49
2610.76.86.50/3110.76.86.50 – 10.76.86.5110.76.86.51
2710.76.86.52/3110.76.86.52 – 10.76.86.5310.76.86.53
2810.76.86.54/3110.76.86.54 – 10.76.86.5510.76.86.55
2910.76.86.56/3110.76.86.56 – 10.76.86.5710.76.86.57
3010.76.86.58/3110.76.86.58 – 10.76.86.5910.76.86.59
3110.76.86.60/3110.76.86.60 – 10.76.86.6110.76.86.61
3210.76.86.62/3110.76.86.62 – 10.76.86.6310.76.86.63
3310.76.86.64/3110.76.86.64 – 10.76.86.6510.76.86.65
3410.76.86.66/3110.76.86.66 – 10.76.86.6710.76.86.67
3510.76.86.68/3110.76.86.68 – 10.76.86.6910.76.86.69
3610.76.86.70/3110.76.86.70 – 10.76.86.7110.76.86.71
3710.76.86.72/3110.76.86.72 – 10.76.86.7310.76.86.73
3810.76.86.74/3110.76.86.74 – 10.76.86.7510.76.86.75
3910.76.86.76/3110.76.86.76 – 10.76.86.7710.76.86.77
4010.76.86.78/3110.76.86.78 – 10.76.86.7910.76.86.79
4110.76.86.80/3110.76.86.80 – 10.76.86.8110.76.86.81
4210.76.86.82/3110.76.86.82 – 10.76.86.8310.76.86.83
4310.76.86.84/3110.76.86.84 – 10.76.86.8510.76.86.85
4410.76.86.86/3110.76.86.86 – 10.76.86.8710.76.86.87
4510.76.86.88/3110.76.86.88 – 10.76.86.8910.76.86.89
4610.76.86.90/3110.76.86.90 – 10.76.86.9110.76.86.91
4710.76.86.92/3110.76.86.92 – 10.76.86.9310.76.86.93
4810.76.86.94/3110.76.86.94 – 10.76.86.9510.76.86.95
4910.76.86.96/3110.76.86.96 – 10.76.86.9710.76.86.97
5010.76.86.98/3110.76.86.98 – 10.76.86.9910.76.86.99
5110.76.86.100/3110.76.86.100 – 10.76.86.10110.76.86.101
5210.76.86.102/3110.76.86.102 – 10.76.86.10310.76.86.103
5310.76.86.104/3110.76.86.104 – 10.76.86.10510.76.86.105
5410.76.86.106/3110.76.86.106 – 10.76.86.10710.76.86.107
5510.76.86.108/3110.76.86.108 – 10.76.86.10910.76.86.109
5610.76.86.110/3110.76.86.110 – 10.76.86.11110.76.86.111
5710.76.86.112/3110.76.86.112 – 10.76.86.11310.76.86.113
5810.76.86.114/3110.76.86.114 – 10.76.86.11510.76.86.115
5910.76.86.116/3110.76.86.116 – 10.76.86.11710.76.86.117
6010.76.86.118/3110.76.86.118 – 10.76.86.11910.76.86.119
6110.76.86.120/3110.76.86.120 – 10.76.86.12110.76.86.121
6210.76.86.122/3110.76.86.122 – 10.76.86.12310.76.86.123
6310.76.86.124/3110.76.86.124 – 10.76.86.12510.76.86.125
6410.76.86.126/3110.76.86.126 – 10.76.86.12710.76.86.127
6510.76.86.128/3110.76.86.128 – 10.76.86.12910.76.86.129
6610.76.86.130/3110.76.86.130 – 10.76.86.13110.76.86.131
6710.76.86.132/3110.76.86.132 – 10.76.86.13310.76.86.133
6810.76.86.134/3110.76.86.134 – 10.76.86.13510.76.86.135
6910.76.86.136/3110.76.86.136 – 10.76.86.13710.76.86.137
7010.76.86.138/3110.76.86.138 – 10.76.86.13910.76.86.139
7110.76.86.140/3110.76.86.140 – 10.76.86.14110.76.86.141
7210.76.86.142/3110.76.86.142 – 10.76.86.14310.76.86.143
7310.76.86.144/3110.76.86.144 – 10.76.86.14510.76.86.145
7410.76.86.146/3110.76.86.146 – 10.76.86.14710.76.86.147
7510.76.86.148/3110.76.86.148 – 10.76.86.14910.76.86.149
7610.76.86.150/3110.76.86.150 – 10.76.86.15110.76.86.151
7710.76.86.152/3110.76.86.152 – 10.76.86.15310.76.86.153
7810.76.86.154/3110.76.86.154 – 10.76.86.15510.76.86.155
7910.76.86.156/3110.76.86.156 – 10.76.86.15710.76.86.157
8010.76.86.158/3110.76.86.158 – 10.76.86.15910.76.86.159
8110.76.86.160/3110.76.86.160 – 10.76.86.16110.76.86.161
8210.76.86.162/3110.76.86.162 – 10.76.86.16310.76.86.163
8310.76.86.164/3110.76.86.164 – 10.76.86.16510.76.86.165
8410.76.86.166/3110.76.86.166 – 10.76.86.16710.76.86.167
8510.76.86.168/3110.76.86.168 – 10.76.86.16910.76.86.169
8610.76.86.170/3110.76.86.170 – 10.76.86.17110.76.86.171
8710.76.86.172/3110.76.86.172 – 10.76.86.17310.76.86.173
8810.76.86.174/3110.76.86.174 – 10.76.86.17510.76.86.175
8910.76.86.176/3110.76.86.176 – 10.76.86.17710.76.86.177
9010.76.86.178/3110.76.86.178 – 10.76.86.17910.76.86.179
9110.76.86.180/3110.76.86.180 – 10.76.86.18110.76.86.181
9210.76.86.182/3110.76.86.182 – 10.76.86.18310.76.86.183
9310.76.86.184/3110.76.86.184 – 10.76.86.18510.76.86.185
9410.76.86.186/3110.76.86.186 – 10.76.86.18710.76.86.187
9510.76.86.188/3110.76.86.188 – 10.76.86.18910.76.86.189
9610.76.86.190/3110.76.86.190 – 10.76.86.19110.76.86.191
9710.76.86.192/3110.76.86.192 – 10.76.86.19310.76.86.193
9810.76.86.194/3110.76.86.194 – 10.76.86.19510.76.86.195
9910.76.86.196/3110.76.86.196 – 10.76.86.19710.76.86.197
10010.76.86.198/3110.76.86.198 – 10.76.86.19910.76.86.199
10110.76.86.200/3110.76.86.200 – 10.76.86.20110.76.86.201
10210.76.86.202/3110.76.86.202 – 10.76.86.20310.76.86.203
10310.76.86.204/3110.76.86.204 – 10.76.86.20510.76.86.205
10410.76.86.206/3110.76.86.206 – 10.76.86.20710.76.86.207
10510.76.86.208/3110.76.86.208 – 10.76.86.20910.76.86.209
10610.76.86.210/3110.76.86.210 – 10.76.86.21110.76.86.211
10710.76.86.212/3110.76.86.212 – 10.76.86.21310.76.86.213
10810.76.86.214/3110.76.86.214 – 10.76.86.21510.76.86.215
10910.76.86.216/3110.76.86.216 – 10.76.86.21710.76.86.217
11010.76.86.218/3110.76.86.218 – 10.76.86.21910.76.86.219
11110.76.86.220/3110.76.86.220 – 10.76.86.22110.76.86.221
11210.76.86.222/3110.76.86.222 – 10.76.86.22310.76.86.223
11310.76.86.224/3110.76.86.224 – 10.76.86.22510.76.86.225
11410.76.86.226/3110.76.86.226 – 10.76.86.22710.76.86.227
11510.76.86.228/3110.76.86.228 – 10.76.86.22910.76.86.229
11610.76.86.230/3110.76.86.230 – 10.76.86.23110.76.86.231
11710.76.86.232/3110.76.86.232 – 10.76.86.23310.76.86.233
11810.76.86.234/3110.76.86.234 – 10.76.86.23510.76.86.235
11910.76.86.236/3110.76.86.236 – 10.76.86.23710.76.86.237
12010.76.86.238/3110.76.86.238 – 10.76.86.23910.76.86.239
12110.76.86.240/3110.76.86.240 – 10.76.86.24110.76.86.241
12210.76.86.242/3110.76.86.242 – 10.76.86.24310.76.86.243
12310.76.86.244/3110.76.86.244 – 10.76.86.24510.76.86.245
12410.76.86.246/3110.76.86.246 – 10.76.86.24710.76.86.247
12510.76.86.248/3110.76.86.248 – 10.76.86.24910.76.86.249
12610.76.86.250/3110.76.86.250 – 10.76.86.25110.76.86.251
12710.76.86.252/3110.76.86.252 – 10.76.86.25310.76.86.253
12810.76.86.254/3110.76.86.254 – 10.76.86.25510.76.86.255
12910.76.87.0/3110.76.87.0 – 10.76.87.110.76.87.1
13010.76.87.2/3110.76.87.2 – 10.76.87.310.76.87.3
13110.76.87.4/3110.76.87.4 – 10.76.87.510.76.87.5
13210.76.87.6/3110.76.87.6 – 10.76.87.710.76.87.7
13310.76.87.8/3110.76.87.8 – 10.76.87.910.76.87.9
13410.76.87.10/3110.76.87.10 – 10.76.87.1110.76.87.11
13510.76.87.12/3110.76.87.12 – 10.76.87.1310.76.87.13
13610.76.87.14/3110.76.87.14 – 10.76.87.1510.76.87.15
13710.76.87.16/3110.76.87.16 – 10.76.87.1710.76.87.17
13810.76.87.18/3110.76.87.18 – 10.76.87.1910.76.87.19
13910.76.87.20/3110.76.87.20 – 10.76.87.2110.76.87.21
14010.76.87.22/3110.76.87.22 – 10.76.87.2310.76.87.23
14110.76.87.24/3110.76.87.24 – 10.76.87.2510.76.87.25
14210.76.87.26/3110.76.87.26 – 10.76.87.2710.76.87.27
14310.76.87.28/3110.76.87.28 – 10.76.87.2910.76.87.29
14410.76.87.30/3110.76.87.30 – 10.76.87.3110.76.87.31
14510.76.87.32/3110.76.87.32 – 10.76.87.3310.76.87.33
14610.76.87.34/3110.76.87.34 – 10.76.87.3510.76.87.35
14710.76.87.36/3110.76.87.36 – 10.76.87.3710.76.87.37
14810.76.87.38/3110.76.87.38 – 10.76.87.3910.76.87.39
14910.76.87.40/3110.76.87.40 – 10.76.87.4110.76.87.41
15010.76.87.42/3110.76.87.42 – 10.76.87.4310.76.87.43
15110.76.87.44/3110.76.87.44 – 10.76.87.4510.76.87.45
15210.76.87.46/3110.76.87.46 – 10.76.87.4710.76.87.47
15310.76.87.48/3110.76.87.48 – 10.76.87.4910.76.87.49
15410.76.87.50/3110.76.87.50 – 10.76.87.5110.76.87.51
15510.76.87.52/3110.76.87.52 – 10.76.87.5310.76.87.53
15610.76.87.54/3110.76.87.54 – 10.76.87.5510.76.87.55
15710.76.87.56/3110.76.87.56 – 10.76.87.5710.76.87.57
15810.76.87.58/3110.76.87.58 – 10.76.87.5910.76.87.59
15910.76.87.60/3110.76.87.60 – 10.76.87.6110.76.87.61
16010.76.87.62/3110.76.87.62 – 10.76.87.6310.76.87.63
16110.76.87.64/3110.76.87.64 – 10.76.87.6510.76.87.65
16210.76.87.66/3110.76.87.66 – 10.76.87.6710.76.87.67
16310.76.87.68/3110.76.87.68 – 10.76.87.6910.76.87.69
16410.76.87.70/3110.76.87.70 – 10.76.87.7110.76.87.71
16510.76.87.72/3110.76.87.72 – 10.76.87.7310.76.87.73
16610.76.87.74/3110.76.87.74 – 10.76.87.7510.76.87.75
16710.76.87.76/3110.76.87.76 – 10.76.87.7710.76.87.77
16810.76.87.78/3110.76.87.78 – 10.76.87.7910.76.87.79
16910.76.87.80/3110.76.87.80 – 10.76.87.8110.76.87.81
17010.76.87.82/3110.76.87.82 – 10.76.87.8310.76.87.83
17110.76.87.84/3110.76.87.84 – 10.76.87.8510.76.87.85
17210.76.87.86/3110.76.87.86 – 10.76.87.8710.76.87.87
17310.76.87.88/3110.76.87.88 – 10.76.87.8910.76.87.89
17410.76.87.90/3110.76.87.90 – 10.76.87.9110.76.87.91
17510.76.87.92/3110.76.87.92 – 10.76.87.9310.76.87.93
17610.76.87.94/3110.76.87.94 – 10.76.87.9510.76.87.95
17710.76.87.96/3110.76.87.96 – 10.76.87.9710.76.87.97
17810.76.87.98/3110.76.87.98 – 10.76.87.9910.76.87.99
17910.76.87.100/3110.76.87.100 – 10.76.87.10110.76.87.101
18010.76.87.102/3110.76.87.102 – 10.76.87.10310.76.87.103
18110.76.87.104/3110.76.87.104 – 10.76.87.10510.76.87.105
18210.76.87.106/3110.76.87.106 – 10.76.87.10710.76.87.107
18310.76.87.108/3110.76.87.108 – 10.76.87.10910.76.87.109
18410.76.87.110/3110.76.87.110 – 10.76.87.11110.76.87.111
18510.76.87.112/3110.76.87.112 – 10.76.87.11310.76.87.113
18610.76.87.114/3110.76.87.114 – 10.76.87.11510.76.87.115
18710.76.87.116/3110.76.87.116 – 10.76.87.11710.76.87.117
18810.76.87.118/3110.76.87.118 – 10.76.87.11910.76.87.119
18910.76.87.120/3110.76.87.120 – 10.76.87.12110.76.87.121
19010.76.87.122/3110.76.87.122 – 10.76.87.12310.76.87.123
19110.76.87.124/3110.76.87.124 – 10.76.87.12510.76.87.125
19210.76.87.126/3110.76.87.126 – 10.76.87.12710.76.87.127
19310.76.87.128/3110.76.87.128 – 10.76.87.12910.76.87.129
19410.76.87.130/3110.76.87.130 – 10.76.87.13110.76.87.131
19510.76.87.132/3110.76.87.132 – 10.76.87.13310.76.87.133
19610.76.87.134/3110.76.87.134 – 10.76.87.13510.76.87.135
19710.76.87.136/3110.76.87.136 – 10.76.87.13710.76.87.137
19810.76.87.138/3110.76.87.138 – 10.76.87.13910.76.87.139
19910.76.87.140/3110.76.87.140 – 10.76.87.14110.76.87.141
20010.76.87.142/3110.76.87.142 – 10.76.87.14310.76.87.143
20110.76.87.144/3110.76.87.144 – 10.76.87.14510.76.87.145
20210.76.87.146/3110.76.87.146 – 10.76.87.14710.76.87.147
20310.76.87.148/3110.76.87.148 – 10.76.87.14910.76.87.149
20410.76.87.150/3110.76.87.150 – 10.76.87.15110.76.87.151
20510.76.87.152/3110.76.87.152 – 10.76.87.15310.76.87.153
20610.76.87.154/3110.76.87.154 – 10.76.87.15510.76.87.155
20710.76.87.156/3110.76.87.156 – 10.76.87.15710.76.87.157
20810.76.87.158/3110.76.87.158 – 10.76.87.15910.76.87.159
20910.76.87.160/3110.76.87.160 – 10.76.87.16110.76.87.161
21010.76.87.162/3110.76.87.162 – 10.76.87.16310.76.87.163
21110.76.87.164/3110.76.87.164 – 10.76.87.16510.76.87.165
21210.76.87.166/3110.76.87.166 – 10.76.87.16710.76.87.167
21310.76.87.168/3110.76.87.168 – 10.76.87.16910.76.87.169
21410.76.87.170/3110.76.87.170 – 10.76.87.17110.76.87.171
21510.76.87.172/3110.76.87.172 – 10.76.87.17310.76.87.173
21610.76.87.174/3110.76.87.174 – 10.76.87.17510.76.87.175
21710.76.87.176/3110.76.87.176 – 10.76.87.17710.76.87.177
21810.76.87.178/3110.76.87.178 – 10.76.87.17910.76.87.179
21910.76.87.180/3110.76.87.180 – 10.76.87.18110.76.87.181
22010.76.87.182/3110.76.87.182 – 10.76.87.18310.76.87.183
22110.76.87.184/3110.76.87.184 – 10.76.87.18510.76.87.185
22210.76.87.186/3110.76.87.186 – 10.76.87.18710.76.87.187
22310.76.87.188/3110.76.87.188 – 10.76.87.18910.76.87.189
22410.76.87.190/3110.76.87.190 – 10.76.87.19110.76.87.191
22510.76.87.192/3110.76.87.192 – 10.76.87.19310.76.87.193
22610.76.87.194/3110.76.87.194 – 10.76.87.19510.76.87.195
22710.76.87.196/3110.76.87.196 – 10.76.87.19710.76.87.197
22810.76.87.198/3110.76.87.198 – 10.76.87.19910.76.87.199
22910.76.87.200/3110.76.87.200 – 10.76.87.20110.76.87.201
23010.76.87.202/3110.76.87.202 – 10.76.87.20310.76.87.203
23110.76.87.204/3110.76.87.204 – 10.76.87.20510.76.87.205
23210.76.87.206/3110.76.87.206 – 10.76.87.20710.76.87.207
23310.76.87.208/3110.76.87.208 – 10.76.87.20910.76.87.209
23410.76.87.210/3110.76.87.210 – 10.76.87.21110.76.87.211
23510.76.87.212/3110.76.87.212 – 10.76.87.21310.76.87.213
23610.76.87.214/3110.76.87.214 – 10.76.87.21510.76.87.215
23710.76.87.216/3110.76.87.216 – 10.76.87.21710.76.87.217
23810.76.87.218/3110.76.87.218 – 10.76.87.21910.76.87.219
23910.76.87.220/3110.76.87.220 – 10.76.87.22110.76.87.221
24010.76.87.222/3110.76.87.222 – 10.76.87.22310.76.87.223
24110.76.87.224/3110.76.87.224 – 10.76.87.22510.76.87.225
24210.76.87.226/3110.76.87.226 – 10.76.87.22710.76.87.227
24310.76.87.228/3110.76.87.228 – 10.76.87.22910.76.87.229
24410.76.87.230/3110.76.87.230 – 10.76.87.23110.76.87.231
24510.76.87.232/3110.76.87.232 – 10.76.87.23310.76.87.233
24610.76.87.234/3110.76.87.234 – 10.76.87.23510.76.87.235
24710.76.87.236/3110.76.87.236 – 10.76.87.23710.76.87.237
24810.76.87.238/3110.76.87.238 – 10.76.87.23910.76.87.239
24910.76.87.240/3110.76.87.240 – 10.76.87.24110.76.87.241
25010.76.87.242/3110.76.87.242 – 10.76.87.24310.76.87.243
25110.76.87.244/3110.76.87.244 – 10.76.87.24510.76.87.245
25210.76.87.246/3110.76.87.246 – 10.76.87.24710.76.87.247
25310.76.87.248/3110.76.87.248 – 10.76.87.24910.76.87.249
25410.76.87.250/3110.76.87.250 – 10.76.87.25110.76.87.251
25510.76.87.252/3110.76.87.252 – 10.76.87.25310.76.87.253
25610.76.87.254/3110.76.87.254 – 10.76.87.25510.76.87.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →