ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.76.68.0/23
network10.76.68.0/23
broadcast10.76.69.255
first host10.76.68.1
last host10.76.69.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.76.68.0/23
address00001010.01001100.01000100.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001100.01000100.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001100.01000101.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4c4400
decimal172770304
reverse dns0.68.76.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4c:4400

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.76.68.0/3110.76.68.0 – 10.76.68.110.76.68.1
210.76.68.2/3110.76.68.2 – 10.76.68.310.76.68.3
310.76.68.4/3110.76.68.4 – 10.76.68.510.76.68.5
410.76.68.6/3110.76.68.6 – 10.76.68.710.76.68.7
510.76.68.8/3110.76.68.8 – 10.76.68.910.76.68.9
610.76.68.10/3110.76.68.10 – 10.76.68.1110.76.68.11
710.76.68.12/3110.76.68.12 – 10.76.68.1310.76.68.13
810.76.68.14/3110.76.68.14 – 10.76.68.1510.76.68.15
910.76.68.16/3110.76.68.16 – 10.76.68.1710.76.68.17
1010.76.68.18/3110.76.68.18 – 10.76.68.1910.76.68.19
1110.76.68.20/3110.76.68.20 – 10.76.68.2110.76.68.21
1210.76.68.22/3110.76.68.22 – 10.76.68.2310.76.68.23
1310.76.68.24/3110.76.68.24 – 10.76.68.2510.76.68.25
1410.76.68.26/3110.76.68.26 – 10.76.68.2710.76.68.27
1510.76.68.28/3110.76.68.28 – 10.76.68.2910.76.68.29
1610.76.68.30/3110.76.68.30 – 10.76.68.3110.76.68.31
1710.76.68.32/3110.76.68.32 – 10.76.68.3310.76.68.33
1810.76.68.34/3110.76.68.34 – 10.76.68.3510.76.68.35
1910.76.68.36/3110.76.68.36 – 10.76.68.3710.76.68.37
2010.76.68.38/3110.76.68.38 – 10.76.68.3910.76.68.39
2110.76.68.40/3110.76.68.40 – 10.76.68.4110.76.68.41
2210.76.68.42/3110.76.68.42 – 10.76.68.4310.76.68.43
2310.76.68.44/3110.76.68.44 – 10.76.68.4510.76.68.45
2410.76.68.46/3110.76.68.46 – 10.76.68.4710.76.68.47
2510.76.68.48/3110.76.68.48 – 10.76.68.4910.76.68.49
2610.76.68.50/3110.76.68.50 – 10.76.68.5110.76.68.51
2710.76.68.52/3110.76.68.52 – 10.76.68.5310.76.68.53
2810.76.68.54/3110.76.68.54 – 10.76.68.5510.76.68.55
2910.76.68.56/3110.76.68.56 – 10.76.68.5710.76.68.57
3010.76.68.58/3110.76.68.58 – 10.76.68.5910.76.68.59
3110.76.68.60/3110.76.68.60 – 10.76.68.6110.76.68.61
3210.76.68.62/3110.76.68.62 – 10.76.68.6310.76.68.63
3310.76.68.64/3110.76.68.64 – 10.76.68.6510.76.68.65
3410.76.68.66/3110.76.68.66 – 10.76.68.6710.76.68.67
3510.76.68.68/3110.76.68.68 – 10.76.68.6910.76.68.69
3610.76.68.70/3110.76.68.70 – 10.76.68.7110.76.68.71
3710.76.68.72/3110.76.68.72 – 10.76.68.7310.76.68.73
3810.76.68.74/3110.76.68.74 – 10.76.68.7510.76.68.75
3910.76.68.76/3110.76.68.76 – 10.76.68.7710.76.68.77
4010.76.68.78/3110.76.68.78 – 10.76.68.7910.76.68.79
4110.76.68.80/3110.76.68.80 – 10.76.68.8110.76.68.81
4210.76.68.82/3110.76.68.82 – 10.76.68.8310.76.68.83
4310.76.68.84/3110.76.68.84 – 10.76.68.8510.76.68.85
4410.76.68.86/3110.76.68.86 – 10.76.68.8710.76.68.87
4510.76.68.88/3110.76.68.88 – 10.76.68.8910.76.68.89
4610.76.68.90/3110.76.68.90 – 10.76.68.9110.76.68.91
4710.76.68.92/3110.76.68.92 – 10.76.68.9310.76.68.93
4810.76.68.94/3110.76.68.94 – 10.76.68.9510.76.68.95
4910.76.68.96/3110.76.68.96 – 10.76.68.9710.76.68.97
5010.76.68.98/3110.76.68.98 – 10.76.68.9910.76.68.99
5110.76.68.100/3110.76.68.100 – 10.76.68.10110.76.68.101
5210.76.68.102/3110.76.68.102 – 10.76.68.10310.76.68.103
5310.76.68.104/3110.76.68.104 – 10.76.68.10510.76.68.105
5410.76.68.106/3110.76.68.106 – 10.76.68.10710.76.68.107
5510.76.68.108/3110.76.68.108 – 10.76.68.10910.76.68.109
5610.76.68.110/3110.76.68.110 – 10.76.68.11110.76.68.111
5710.76.68.112/3110.76.68.112 – 10.76.68.11310.76.68.113
5810.76.68.114/3110.76.68.114 – 10.76.68.11510.76.68.115
5910.76.68.116/3110.76.68.116 – 10.76.68.11710.76.68.117
6010.76.68.118/3110.76.68.118 – 10.76.68.11910.76.68.119
6110.76.68.120/3110.76.68.120 – 10.76.68.12110.76.68.121
6210.76.68.122/3110.76.68.122 – 10.76.68.12310.76.68.123
6310.76.68.124/3110.76.68.124 – 10.76.68.12510.76.68.125
6410.76.68.126/3110.76.68.126 – 10.76.68.12710.76.68.127
6510.76.68.128/3110.76.68.128 – 10.76.68.12910.76.68.129
6610.76.68.130/3110.76.68.130 – 10.76.68.13110.76.68.131
6710.76.68.132/3110.76.68.132 – 10.76.68.13310.76.68.133
6810.76.68.134/3110.76.68.134 – 10.76.68.13510.76.68.135
6910.76.68.136/3110.76.68.136 – 10.76.68.13710.76.68.137
7010.76.68.138/3110.76.68.138 – 10.76.68.13910.76.68.139
7110.76.68.140/3110.76.68.140 – 10.76.68.14110.76.68.141
7210.76.68.142/3110.76.68.142 – 10.76.68.14310.76.68.143
7310.76.68.144/3110.76.68.144 – 10.76.68.14510.76.68.145
7410.76.68.146/3110.76.68.146 – 10.76.68.14710.76.68.147
7510.76.68.148/3110.76.68.148 – 10.76.68.14910.76.68.149
7610.76.68.150/3110.76.68.150 – 10.76.68.15110.76.68.151
7710.76.68.152/3110.76.68.152 – 10.76.68.15310.76.68.153
7810.76.68.154/3110.76.68.154 – 10.76.68.15510.76.68.155
7910.76.68.156/3110.76.68.156 – 10.76.68.15710.76.68.157
8010.76.68.158/3110.76.68.158 – 10.76.68.15910.76.68.159
8110.76.68.160/3110.76.68.160 – 10.76.68.16110.76.68.161
8210.76.68.162/3110.76.68.162 – 10.76.68.16310.76.68.163
8310.76.68.164/3110.76.68.164 – 10.76.68.16510.76.68.165
8410.76.68.166/3110.76.68.166 – 10.76.68.16710.76.68.167
8510.76.68.168/3110.76.68.168 – 10.76.68.16910.76.68.169
8610.76.68.170/3110.76.68.170 – 10.76.68.17110.76.68.171
8710.76.68.172/3110.76.68.172 – 10.76.68.17310.76.68.173
8810.76.68.174/3110.76.68.174 – 10.76.68.17510.76.68.175
8910.76.68.176/3110.76.68.176 – 10.76.68.17710.76.68.177
9010.76.68.178/3110.76.68.178 – 10.76.68.17910.76.68.179
9110.76.68.180/3110.76.68.180 – 10.76.68.18110.76.68.181
9210.76.68.182/3110.76.68.182 – 10.76.68.18310.76.68.183
9310.76.68.184/3110.76.68.184 – 10.76.68.18510.76.68.185
9410.76.68.186/3110.76.68.186 – 10.76.68.18710.76.68.187
9510.76.68.188/3110.76.68.188 – 10.76.68.18910.76.68.189
9610.76.68.190/3110.76.68.190 – 10.76.68.19110.76.68.191
9710.76.68.192/3110.76.68.192 – 10.76.68.19310.76.68.193
9810.76.68.194/3110.76.68.194 – 10.76.68.19510.76.68.195
9910.76.68.196/3110.76.68.196 – 10.76.68.19710.76.68.197
10010.76.68.198/3110.76.68.198 – 10.76.68.19910.76.68.199
10110.76.68.200/3110.76.68.200 – 10.76.68.20110.76.68.201
10210.76.68.202/3110.76.68.202 – 10.76.68.20310.76.68.203
10310.76.68.204/3110.76.68.204 – 10.76.68.20510.76.68.205
10410.76.68.206/3110.76.68.206 – 10.76.68.20710.76.68.207
10510.76.68.208/3110.76.68.208 – 10.76.68.20910.76.68.209
10610.76.68.210/3110.76.68.210 – 10.76.68.21110.76.68.211
10710.76.68.212/3110.76.68.212 – 10.76.68.21310.76.68.213
10810.76.68.214/3110.76.68.214 – 10.76.68.21510.76.68.215
10910.76.68.216/3110.76.68.216 – 10.76.68.21710.76.68.217
11010.76.68.218/3110.76.68.218 – 10.76.68.21910.76.68.219
11110.76.68.220/3110.76.68.220 – 10.76.68.22110.76.68.221
11210.76.68.222/3110.76.68.222 – 10.76.68.22310.76.68.223
11310.76.68.224/3110.76.68.224 – 10.76.68.22510.76.68.225
11410.76.68.226/3110.76.68.226 – 10.76.68.22710.76.68.227
11510.76.68.228/3110.76.68.228 – 10.76.68.22910.76.68.229
11610.76.68.230/3110.76.68.230 – 10.76.68.23110.76.68.231
11710.76.68.232/3110.76.68.232 – 10.76.68.23310.76.68.233
11810.76.68.234/3110.76.68.234 – 10.76.68.23510.76.68.235
11910.76.68.236/3110.76.68.236 – 10.76.68.23710.76.68.237
12010.76.68.238/3110.76.68.238 – 10.76.68.23910.76.68.239
12110.76.68.240/3110.76.68.240 – 10.76.68.24110.76.68.241
12210.76.68.242/3110.76.68.242 – 10.76.68.24310.76.68.243
12310.76.68.244/3110.76.68.244 – 10.76.68.24510.76.68.245
12410.76.68.246/3110.76.68.246 – 10.76.68.24710.76.68.247
12510.76.68.248/3110.76.68.248 – 10.76.68.24910.76.68.249
12610.76.68.250/3110.76.68.250 – 10.76.68.25110.76.68.251
12710.76.68.252/3110.76.68.252 – 10.76.68.25310.76.68.253
12810.76.68.254/3110.76.68.254 – 10.76.68.25510.76.68.255
12910.76.69.0/3110.76.69.0 – 10.76.69.110.76.69.1
13010.76.69.2/3110.76.69.2 – 10.76.69.310.76.69.3
13110.76.69.4/3110.76.69.4 – 10.76.69.510.76.69.5
13210.76.69.6/3110.76.69.6 – 10.76.69.710.76.69.7
13310.76.69.8/3110.76.69.8 – 10.76.69.910.76.69.9
13410.76.69.10/3110.76.69.10 – 10.76.69.1110.76.69.11
13510.76.69.12/3110.76.69.12 – 10.76.69.1310.76.69.13
13610.76.69.14/3110.76.69.14 – 10.76.69.1510.76.69.15
13710.76.69.16/3110.76.69.16 – 10.76.69.1710.76.69.17
13810.76.69.18/3110.76.69.18 – 10.76.69.1910.76.69.19
13910.76.69.20/3110.76.69.20 – 10.76.69.2110.76.69.21
14010.76.69.22/3110.76.69.22 – 10.76.69.2310.76.69.23
14110.76.69.24/3110.76.69.24 – 10.76.69.2510.76.69.25
14210.76.69.26/3110.76.69.26 – 10.76.69.2710.76.69.27
14310.76.69.28/3110.76.69.28 – 10.76.69.2910.76.69.29
14410.76.69.30/3110.76.69.30 – 10.76.69.3110.76.69.31
14510.76.69.32/3110.76.69.32 – 10.76.69.3310.76.69.33
14610.76.69.34/3110.76.69.34 – 10.76.69.3510.76.69.35
14710.76.69.36/3110.76.69.36 – 10.76.69.3710.76.69.37
14810.76.69.38/3110.76.69.38 – 10.76.69.3910.76.69.39
14910.76.69.40/3110.76.69.40 – 10.76.69.4110.76.69.41
15010.76.69.42/3110.76.69.42 – 10.76.69.4310.76.69.43
15110.76.69.44/3110.76.69.44 – 10.76.69.4510.76.69.45
15210.76.69.46/3110.76.69.46 – 10.76.69.4710.76.69.47
15310.76.69.48/3110.76.69.48 – 10.76.69.4910.76.69.49
15410.76.69.50/3110.76.69.50 – 10.76.69.5110.76.69.51
15510.76.69.52/3110.76.69.52 – 10.76.69.5310.76.69.53
15610.76.69.54/3110.76.69.54 – 10.76.69.5510.76.69.55
15710.76.69.56/3110.76.69.56 – 10.76.69.5710.76.69.57
15810.76.69.58/3110.76.69.58 – 10.76.69.5910.76.69.59
15910.76.69.60/3110.76.69.60 – 10.76.69.6110.76.69.61
16010.76.69.62/3110.76.69.62 – 10.76.69.6310.76.69.63
16110.76.69.64/3110.76.69.64 – 10.76.69.6510.76.69.65
16210.76.69.66/3110.76.69.66 – 10.76.69.6710.76.69.67
16310.76.69.68/3110.76.69.68 – 10.76.69.6910.76.69.69
16410.76.69.70/3110.76.69.70 – 10.76.69.7110.76.69.71
16510.76.69.72/3110.76.69.72 – 10.76.69.7310.76.69.73
16610.76.69.74/3110.76.69.74 – 10.76.69.7510.76.69.75
16710.76.69.76/3110.76.69.76 – 10.76.69.7710.76.69.77
16810.76.69.78/3110.76.69.78 – 10.76.69.7910.76.69.79
16910.76.69.80/3110.76.69.80 – 10.76.69.8110.76.69.81
17010.76.69.82/3110.76.69.82 – 10.76.69.8310.76.69.83
17110.76.69.84/3110.76.69.84 – 10.76.69.8510.76.69.85
17210.76.69.86/3110.76.69.86 – 10.76.69.8710.76.69.87
17310.76.69.88/3110.76.69.88 – 10.76.69.8910.76.69.89
17410.76.69.90/3110.76.69.90 – 10.76.69.9110.76.69.91
17510.76.69.92/3110.76.69.92 – 10.76.69.9310.76.69.93
17610.76.69.94/3110.76.69.94 – 10.76.69.9510.76.69.95
17710.76.69.96/3110.76.69.96 – 10.76.69.9710.76.69.97
17810.76.69.98/3110.76.69.98 – 10.76.69.9910.76.69.99
17910.76.69.100/3110.76.69.100 – 10.76.69.10110.76.69.101
18010.76.69.102/3110.76.69.102 – 10.76.69.10310.76.69.103
18110.76.69.104/3110.76.69.104 – 10.76.69.10510.76.69.105
18210.76.69.106/3110.76.69.106 – 10.76.69.10710.76.69.107
18310.76.69.108/3110.76.69.108 – 10.76.69.10910.76.69.109
18410.76.69.110/3110.76.69.110 – 10.76.69.11110.76.69.111
18510.76.69.112/3110.76.69.112 – 10.76.69.11310.76.69.113
18610.76.69.114/3110.76.69.114 – 10.76.69.11510.76.69.115
18710.76.69.116/3110.76.69.116 – 10.76.69.11710.76.69.117
18810.76.69.118/3110.76.69.118 – 10.76.69.11910.76.69.119
18910.76.69.120/3110.76.69.120 – 10.76.69.12110.76.69.121
19010.76.69.122/3110.76.69.122 – 10.76.69.12310.76.69.123
19110.76.69.124/3110.76.69.124 – 10.76.69.12510.76.69.125
19210.76.69.126/3110.76.69.126 – 10.76.69.12710.76.69.127
19310.76.69.128/3110.76.69.128 – 10.76.69.12910.76.69.129
19410.76.69.130/3110.76.69.130 – 10.76.69.13110.76.69.131
19510.76.69.132/3110.76.69.132 – 10.76.69.13310.76.69.133
19610.76.69.134/3110.76.69.134 – 10.76.69.13510.76.69.135
19710.76.69.136/3110.76.69.136 – 10.76.69.13710.76.69.137
19810.76.69.138/3110.76.69.138 – 10.76.69.13910.76.69.139
19910.76.69.140/3110.76.69.140 – 10.76.69.14110.76.69.141
20010.76.69.142/3110.76.69.142 – 10.76.69.14310.76.69.143
20110.76.69.144/3110.76.69.144 – 10.76.69.14510.76.69.145
20210.76.69.146/3110.76.69.146 – 10.76.69.14710.76.69.147
20310.76.69.148/3110.76.69.148 – 10.76.69.14910.76.69.149
20410.76.69.150/3110.76.69.150 – 10.76.69.15110.76.69.151
20510.76.69.152/3110.76.69.152 – 10.76.69.15310.76.69.153
20610.76.69.154/3110.76.69.154 – 10.76.69.15510.76.69.155
20710.76.69.156/3110.76.69.156 – 10.76.69.15710.76.69.157
20810.76.69.158/3110.76.69.158 – 10.76.69.15910.76.69.159
20910.76.69.160/3110.76.69.160 – 10.76.69.16110.76.69.161
21010.76.69.162/3110.76.69.162 – 10.76.69.16310.76.69.163
21110.76.69.164/3110.76.69.164 – 10.76.69.16510.76.69.165
21210.76.69.166/3110.76.69.166 – 10.76.69.16710.76.69.167
21310.76.69.168/3110.76.69.168 – 10.76.69.16910.76.69.169
21410.76.69.170/3110.76.69.170 – 10.76.69.17110.76.69.171
21510.76.69.172/3110.76.69.172 – 10.76.69.17310.76.69.173
21610.76.69.174/3110.76.69.174 – 10.76.69.17510.76.69.175
21710.76.69.176/3110.76.69.176 – 10.76.69.17710.76.69.177
21810.76.69.178/3110.76.69.178 – 10.76.69.17910.76.69.179
21910.76.69.180/3110.76.69.180 – 10.76.69.18110.76.69.181
22010.76.69.182/3110.76.69.182 – 10.76.69.18310.76.69.183
22110.76.69.184/3110.76.69.184 – 10.76.69.18510.76.69.185
22210.76.69.186/3110.76.69.186 – 10.76.69.18710.76.69.187
22310.76.69.188/3110.76.69.188 – 10.76.69.18910.76.69.189
22410.76.69.190/3110.76.69.190 – 10.76.69.19110.76.69.191
22510.76.69.192/3110.76.69.192 – 10.76.69.19310.76.69.193
22610.76.69.194/3110.76.69.194 – 10.76.69.19510.76.69.195
22710.76.69.196/3110.76.69.196 – 10.76.69.19710.76.69.197
22810.76.69.198/3110.76.69.198 – 10.76.69.19910.76.69.199
22910.76.69.200/3110.76.69.200 – 10.76.69.20110.76.69.201
23010.76.69.202/3110.76.69.202 – 10.76.69.20310.76.69.203
23110.76.69.204/3110.76.69.204 – 10.76.69.20510.76.69.205
23210.76.69.206/3110.76.69.206 – 10.76.69.20710.76.69.207
23310.76.69.208/3110.76.69.208 – 10.76.69.20910.76.69.209
23410.76.69.210/3110.76.69.210 – 10.76.69.21110.76.69.211
23510.76.69.212/3110.76.69.212 – 10.76.69.21310.76.69.213
23610.76.69.214/3110.76.69.214 – 10.76.69.21510.76.69.215
23710.76.69.216/3110.76.69.216 – 10.76.69.21710.76.69.217
23810.76.69.218/3110.76.69.218 – 10.76.69.21910.76.69.219
23910.76.69.220/3110.76.69.220 – 10.76.69.22110.76.69.221
24010.76.69.222/3110.76.69.222 – 10.76.69.22310.76.69.223
24110.76.69.224/3110.76.69.224 – 10.76.69.22510.76.69.225
24210.76.69.226/3110.76.69.226 – 10.76.69.22710.76.69.227
24310.76.69.228/3110.76.69.228 – 10.76.69.22910.76.69.229
24410.76.69.230/3110.76.69.230 – 10.76.69.23110.76.69.231
24510.76.69.232/3110.76.69.232 – 10.76.69.23310.76.69.233
24610.76.69.234/3110.76.69.234 – 10.76.69.23510.76.69.235
24710.76.69.236/3110.76.69.236 – 10.76.69.23710.76.69.237
24810.76.69.238/3110.76.69.238 – 10.76.69.23910.76.69.239
24910.76.69.240/3110.76.69.240 – 10.76.69.24110.76.69.241
25010.76.69.242/3110.76.69.242 – 10.76.69.24310.76.69.243
25110.76.69.244/3110.76.69.244 – 10.76.69.24510.76.69.245
25210.76.69.246/3110.76.69.246 – 10.76.69.24710.76.69.247
25310.76.69.248/3110.76.69.248 – 10.76.69.24910.76.69.249
25410.76.69.250/3110.76.69.250 – 10.76.69.25110.76.69.251
25510.76.69.252/3110.76.69.252 – 10.76.69.25310.76.69.253
25610.76.69.254/3110.76.69.254 – 10.76.69.25510.76.69.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →