ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.76.200.0/23
network10.76.200.0/23
broadcast10.76.201.255
first host10.76.200.1
last host10.76.201.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.76.200.0/23
address00001010.01001100.11001000.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001100.11001000.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001100.11001001.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4cc800
decimal172804096
reverse dns0.200.76.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4c:c800

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.76.200.0/3110.76.200.0 – 10.76.200.110.76.200.1
210.76.200.2/3110.76.200.2 – 10.76.200.310.76.200.3
310.76.200.4/3110.76.200.4 – 10.76.200.510.76.200.5
410.76.200.6/3110.76.200.6 – 10.76.200.710.76.200.7
510.76.200.8/3110.76.200.8 – 10.76.200.910.76.200.9
610.76.200.10/3110.76.200.10 – 10.76.200.1110.76.200.11
710.76.200.12/3110.76.200.12 – 10.76.200.1310.76.200.13
810.76.200.14/3110.76.200.14 – 10.76.200.1510.76.200.15
910.76.200.16/3110.76.200.16 – 10.76.200.1710.76.200.17
1010.76.200.18/3110.76.200.18 – 10.76.200.1910.76.200.19
1110.76.200.20/3110.76.200.20 – 10.76.200.2110.76.200.21
1210.76.200.22/3110.76.200.22 – 10.76.200.2310.76.200.23
1310.76.200.24/3110.76.200.24 – 10.76.200.2510.76.200.25
1410.76.200.26/3110.76.200.26 – 10.76.200.2710.76.200.27
1510.76.200.28/3110.76.200.28 – 10.76.200.2910.76.200.29
1610.76.200.30/3110.76.200.30 – 10.76.200.3110.76.200.31
1710.76.200.32/3110.76.200.32 – 10.76.200.3310.76.200.33
1810.76.200.34/3110.76.200.34 – 10.76.200.3510.76.200.35
1910.76.200.36/3110.76.200.36 – 10.76.200.3710.76.200.37
2010.76.200.38/3110.76.200.38 – 10.76.200.3910.76.200.39
2110.76.200.40/3110.76.200.40 – 10.76.200.4110.76.200.41
2210.76.200.42/3110.76.200.42 – 10.76.200.4310.76.200.43
2310.76.200.44/3110.76.200.44 – 10.76.200.4510.76.200.45
2410.76.200.46/3110.76.200.46 – 10.76.200.4710.76.200.47
2510.76.200.48/3110.76.200.48 – 10.76.200.4910.76.200.49
2610.76.200.50/3110.76.200.50 – 10.76.200.5110.76.200.51
2710.76.200.52/3110.76.200.52 – 10.76.200.5310.76.200.53
2810.76.200.54/3110.76.200.54 – 10.76.200.5510.76.200.55
2910.76.200.56/3110.76.200.56 – 10.76.200.5710.76.200.57
3010.76.200.58/3110.76.200.58 – 10.76.200.5910.76.200.59
3110.76.200.60/3110.76.200.60 – 10.76.200.6110.76.200.61
3210.76.200.62/3110.76.200.62 – 10.76.200.6310.76.200.63
3310.76.200.64/3110.76.200.64 – 10.76.200.6510.76.200.65
3410.76.200.66/3110.76.200.66 – 10.76.200.6710.76.200.67
3510.76.200.68/3110.76.200.68 – 10.76.200.6910.76.200.69
3610.76.200.70/3110.76.200.70 – 10.76.200.7110.76.200.71
3710.76.200.72/3110.76.200.72 – 10.76.200.7310.76.200.73
3810.76.200.74/3110.76.200.74 – 10.76.200.7510.76.200.75
3910.76.200.76/3110.76.200.76 – 10.76.200.7710.76.200.77
4010.76.200.78/3110.76.200.78 – 10.76.200.7910.76.200.79
4110.76.200.80/3110.76.200.80 – 10.76.200.8110.76.200.81
4210.76.200.82/3110.76.200.82 – 10.76.200.8310.76.200.83
4310.76.200.84/3110.76.200.84 – 10.76.200.8510.76.200.85
4410.76.200.86/3110.76.200.86 – 10.76.200.8710.76.200.87
4510.76.200.88/3110.76.200.88 – 10.76.200.8910.76.200.89
4610.76.200.90/3110.76.200.90 – 10.76.200.9110.76.200.91
4710.76.200.92/3110.76.200.92 – 10.76.200.9310.76.200.93
4810.76.200.94/3110.76.200.94 – 10.76.200.9510.76.200.95
4910.76.200.96/3110.76.200.96 – 10.76.200.9710.76.200.97
5010.76.200.98/3110.76.200.98 – 10.76.200.9910.76.200.99
5110.76.200.100/3110.76.200.100 – 10.76.200.10110.76.200.101
5210.76.200.102/3110.76.200.102 – 10.76.200.10310.76.200.103
5310.76.200.104/3110.76.200.104 – 10.76.200.10510.76.200.105
5410.76.200.106/3110.76.200.106 – 10.76.200.10710.76.200.107
5510.76.200.108/3110.76.200.108 – 10.76.200.10910.76.200.109
5610.76.200.110/3110.76.200.110 – 10.76.200.11110.76.200.111
5710.76.200.112/3110.76.200.112 – 10.76.200.11310.76.200.113
5810.76.200.114/3110.76.200.114 – 10.76.200.11510.76.200.115
5910.76.200.116/3110.76.200.116 – 10.76.200.11710.76.200.117
6010.76.200.118/3110.76.200.118 – 10.76.200.11910.76.200.119
6110.76.200.120/3110.76.200.120 – 10.76.200.12110.76.200.121
6210.76.200.122/3110.76.200.122 – 10.76.200.12310.76.200.123
6310.76.200.124/3110.76.200.124 – 10.76.200.12510.76.200.125
6410.76.200.126/3110.76.200.126 – 10.76.200.12710.76.200.127
6510.76.200.128/3110.76.200.128 – 10.76.200.12910.76.200.129
6610.76.200.130/3110.76.200.130 – 10.76.200.13110.76.200.131
6710.76.200.132/3110.76.200.132 – 10.76.200.13310.76.200.133
6810.76.200.134/3110.76.200.134 – 10.76.200.13510.76.200.135
6910.76.200.136/3110.76.200.136 – 10.76.200.13710.76.200.137
7010.76.200.138/3110.76.200.138 – 10.76.200.13910.76.200.139
7110.76.200.140/3110.76.200.140 – 10.76.200.14110.76.200.141
7210.76.200.142/3110.76.200.142 – 10.76.200.14310.76.200.143
7310.76.200.144/3110.76.200.144 – 10.76.200.14510.76.200.145
7410.76.200.146/3110.76.200.146 – 10.76.200.14710.76.200.147
7510.76.200.148/3110.76.200.148 – 10.76.200.14910.76.200.149
7610.76.200.150/3110.76.200.150 – 10.76.200.15110.76.200.151
7710.76.200.152/3110.76.200.152 – 10.76.200.15310.76.200.153
7810.76.200.154/3110.76.200.154 – 10.76.200.15510.76.200.155
7910.76.200.156/3110.76.200.156 – 10.76.200.15710.76.200.157
8010.76.200.158/3110.76.200.158 – 10.76.200.15910.76.200.159
8110.76.200.160/3110.76.200.160 – 10.76.200.16110.76.200.161
8210.76.200.162/3110.76.200.162 – 10.76.200.16310.76.200.163
8310.76.200.164/3110.76.200.164 – 10.76.200.16510.76.200.165
8410.76.200.166/3110.76.200.166 – 10.76.200.16710.76.200.167
8510.76.200.168/3110.76.200.168 – 10.76.200.16910.76.200.169
8610.76.200.170/3110.76.200.170 – 10.76.200.17110.76.200.171
8710.76.200.172/3110.76.200.172 – 10.76.200.17310.76.200.173
8810.76.200.174/3110.76.200.174 – 10.76.200.17510.76.200.175
8910.76.200.176/3110.76.200.176 – 10.76.200.17710.76.200.177
9010.76.200.178/3110.76.200.178 – 10.76.200.17910.76.200.179
9110.76.200.180/3110.76.200.180 – 10.76.200.18110.76.200.181
9210.76.200.182/3110.76.200.182 – 10.76.200.18310.76.200.183
9310.76.200.184/3110.76.200.184 – 10.76.200.18510.76.200.185
9410.76.200.186/3110.76.200.186 – 10.76.200.18710.76.200.187
9510.76.200.188/3110.76.200.188 – 10.76.200.18910.76.200.189
9610.76.200.190/3110.76.200.190 – 10.76.200.19110.76.200.191
9710.76.200.192/3110.76.200.192 – 10.76.200.19310.76.200.193
9810.76.200.194/3110.76.200.194 – 10.76.200.19510.76.200.195
9910.76.200.196/3110.76.200.196 – 10.76.200.19710.76.200.197
10010.76.200.198/3110.76.200.198 – 10.76.200.19910.76.200.199
10110.76.200.200/3110.76.200.200 – 10.76.200.20110.76.200.201
10210.76.200.202/3110.76.200.202 – 10.76.200.20310.76.200.203
10310.76.200.204/3110.76.200.204 – 10.76.200.20510.76.200.205
10410.76.200.206/3110.76.200.206 – 10.76.200.20710.76.200.207
10510.76.200.208/3110.76.200.208 – 10.76.200.20910.76.200.209
10610.76.200.210/3110.76.200.210 – 10.76.200.21110.76.200.211
10710.76.200.212/3110.76.200.212 – 10.76.200.21310.76.200.213
10810.76.200.214/3110.76.200.214 – 10.76.200.21510.76.200.215
10910.76.200.216/3110.76.200.216 – 10.76.200.21710.76.200.217
11010.76.200.218/3110.76.200.218 – 10.76.200.21910.76.200.219
11110.76.200.220/3110.76.200.220 – 10.76.200.22110.76.200.221
11210.76.200.222/3110.76.200.222 – 10.76.200.22310.76.200.223
11310.76.200.224/3110.76.200.224 – 10.76.200.22510.76.200.225
11410.76.200.226/3110.76.200.226 – 10.76.200.22710.76.200.227
11510.76.200.228/3110.76.200.228 – 10.76.200.22910.76.200.229
11610.76.200.230/3110.76.200.230 – 10.76.200.23110.76.200.231
11710.76.200.232/3110.76.200.232 – 10.76.200.23310.76.200.233
11810.76.200.234/3110.76.200.234 – 10.76.200.23510.76.200.235
11910.76.200.236/3110.76.200.236 – 10.76.200.23710.76.200.237
12010.76.200.238/3110.76.200.238 – 10.76.200.23910.76.200.239
12110.76.200.240/3110.76.200.240 – 10.76.200.24110.76.200.241
12210.76.200.242/3110.76.200.242 – 10.76.200.24310.76.200.243
12310.76.200.244/3110.76.200.244 – 10.76.200.24510.76.200.245
12410.76.200.246/3110.76.200.246 – 10.76.200.24710.76.200.247
12510.76.200.248/3110.76.200.248 – 10.76.200.24910.76.200.249
12610.76.200.250/3110.76.200.250 – 10.76.200.25110.76.200.251
12710.76.200.252/3110.76.200.252 – 10.76.200.25310.76.200.253
12810.76.200.254/3110.76.200.254 – 10.76.200.25510.76.200.255
12910.76.201.0/3110.76.201.0 – 10.76.201.110.76.201.1
13010.76.201.2/3110.76.201.2 – 10.76.201.310.76.201.3
13110.76.201.4/3110.76.201.4 – 10.76.201.510.76.201.5
13210.76.201.6/3110.76.201.6 – 10.76.201.710.76.201.7
13310.76.201.8/3110.76.201.8 – 10.76.201.910.76.201.9
13410.76.201.10/3110.76.201.10 – 10.76.201.1110.76.201.11
13510.76.201.12/3110.76.201.12 – 10.76.201.1310.76.201.13
13610.76.201.14/3110.76.201.14 – 10.76.201.1510.76.201.15
13710.76.201.16/3110.76.201.16 – 10.76.201.1710.76.201.17
13810.76.201.18/3110.76.201.18 – 10.76.201.1910.76.201.19
13910.76.201.20/3110.76.201.20 – 10.76.201.2110.76.201.21
14010.76.201.22/3110.76.201.22 – 10.76.201.2310.76.201.23
14110.76.201.24/3110.76.201.24 – 10.76.201.2510.76.201.25
14210.76.201.26/3110.76.201.26 – 10.76.201.2710.76.201.27
14310.76.201.28/3110.76.201.28 – 10.76.201.2910.76.201.29
14410.76.201.30/3110.76.201.30 – 10.76.201.3110.76.201.31
14510.76.201.32/3110.76.201.32 – 10.76.201.3310.76.201.33
14610.76.201.34/3110.76.201.34 – 10.76.201.3510.76.201.35
14710.76.201.36/3110.76.201.36 – 10.76.201.3710.76.201.37
14810.76.201.38/3110.76.201.38 – 10.76.201.3910.76.201.39
14910.76.201.40/3110.76.201.40 – 10.76.201.4110.76.201.41
15010.76.201.42/3110.76.201.42 – 10.76.201.4310.76.201.43
15110.76.201.44/3110.76.201.44 – 10.76.201.4510.76.201.45
15210.76.201.46/3110.76.201.46 – 10.76.201.4710.76.201.47
15310.76.201.48/3110.76.201.48 – 10.76.201.4910.76.201.49
15410.76.201.50/3110.76.201.50 – 10.76.201.5110.76.201.51
15510.76.201.52/3110.76.201.52 – 10.76.201.5310.76.201.53
15610.76.201.54/3110.76.201.54 – 10.76.201.5510.76.201.55
15710.76.201.56/3110.76.201.56 – 10.76.201.5710.76.201.57
15810.76.201.58/3110.76.201.58 – 10.76.201.5910.76.201.59
15910.76.201.60/3110.76.201.60 – 10.76.201.6110.76.201.61
16010.76.201.62/3110.76.201.62 – 10.76.201.6310.76.201.63
16110.76.201.64/3110.76.201.64 – 10.76.201.6510.76.201.65
16210.76.201.66/3110.76.201.66 – 10.76.201.6710.76.201.67
16310.76.201.68/3110.76.201.68 – 10.76.201.6910.76.201.69
16410.76.201.70/3110.76.201.70 – 10.76.201.7110.76.201.71
16510.76.201.72/3110.76.201.72 – 10.76.201.7310.76.201.73
16610.76.201.74/3110.76.201.74 – 10.76.201.7510.76.201.75
16710.76.201.76/3110.76.201.76 – 10.76.201.7710.76.201.77
16810.76.201.78/3110.76.201.78 – 10.76.201.7910.76.201.79
16910.76.201.80/3110.76.201.80 – 10.76.201.8110.76.201.81
17010.76.201.82/3110.76.201.82 – 10.76.201.8310.76.201.83
17110.76.201.84/3110.76.201.84 – 10.76.201.8510.76.201.85
17210.76.201.86/3110.76.201.86 – 10.76.201.8710.76.201.87
17310.76.201.88/3110.76.201.88 – 10.76.201.8910.76.201.89
17410.76.201.90/3110.76.201.90 – 10.76.201.9110.76.201.91
17510.76.201.92/3110.76.201.92 – 10.76.201.9310.76.201.93
17610.76.201.94/3110.76.201.94 – 10.76.201.9510.76.201.95
17710.76.201.96/3110.76.201.96 – 10.76.201.9710.76.201.97
17810.76.201.98/3110.76.201.98 – 10.76.201.9910.76.201.99
17910.76.201.100/3110.76.201.100 – 10.76.201.10110.76.201.101
18010.76.201.102/3110.76.201.102 – 10.76.201.10310.76.201.103
18110.76.201.104/3110.76.201.104 – 10.76.201.10510.76.201.105
18210.76.201.106/3110.76.201.106 – 10.76.201.10710.76.201.107
18310.76.201.108/3110.76.201.108 – 10.76.201.10910.76.201.109
18410.76.201.110/3110.76.201.110 – 10.76.201.11110.76.201.111
18510.76.201.112/3110.76.201.112 – 10.76.201.11310.76.201.113
18610.76.201.114/3110.76.201.114 – 10.76.201.11510.76.201.115
18710.76.201.116/3110.76.201.116 – 10.76.201.11710.76.201.117
18810.76.201.118/3110.76.201.118 – 10.76.201.11910.76.201.119
18910.76.201.120/3110.76.201.120 – 10.76.201.12110.76.201.121
19010.76.201.122/3110.76.201.122 – 10.76.201.12310.76.201.123
19110.76.201.124/3110.76.201.124 – 10.76.201.12510.76.201.125
19210.76.201.126/3110.76.201.126 – 10.76.201.12710.76.201.127
19310.76.201.128/3110.76.201.128 – 10.76.201.12910.76.201.129
19410.76.201.130/3110.76.201.130 – 10.76.201.13110.76.201.131
19510.76.201.132/3110.76.201.132 – 10.76.201.13310.76.201.133
19610.76.201.134/3110.76.201.134 – 10.76.201.13510.76.201.135
19710.76.201.136/3110.76.201.136 – 10.76.201.13710.76.201.137
19810.76.201.138/3110.76.201.138 – 10.76.201.13910.76.201.139
19910.76.201.140/3110.76.201.140 – 10.76.201.14110.76.201.141
20010.76.201.142/3110.76.201.142 – 10.76.201.14310.76.201.143
20110.76.201.144/3110.76.201.144 – 10.76.201.14510.76.201.145
20210.76.201.146/3110.76.201.146 – 10.76.201.14710.76.201.147
20310.76.201.148/3110.76.201.148 – 10.76.201.14910.76.201.149
20410.76.201.150/3110.76.201.150 – 10.76.201.15110.76.201.151
20510.76.201.152/3110.76.201.152 – 10.76.201.15310.76.201.153
20610.76.201.154/3110.76.201.154 – 10.76.201.15510.76.201.155
20710.76.201.156/3110.76.201.156 – 10.76.201.15710.76.201.157
20810.76.201.158/3110.76.201.158 – 10.76.201.15910.76.201.159
20910.76.201.160/3110.76.201.160 – 10.76.201.16110.76.201.161
21010.76.201.162/3110.76.201.162 – 10.76.201.16310.76.201.163
21110.76.201.164/3110.76.201.164 – 10.76.201.16510.76.201.165
21210.76.201.166/3110.76.201.166 – 10.76.201.16710.76.201.167
21310.76.201.168/3110.76.201.168 – 10.76.201.16910.76.201.169
21410.76.201.170/3110.76.201.170 – 10.76.201.17110.76.201.171
21510.76.201.172/3110.76.201.172 – 10.76.201.17310.76.201.173
21610.76.201.174/3110.76.201.174 – 10.76.201.17510.76.201.175
21710.76.201.176/3110.76.201.176 – 10.76.201.17710.76.201.177
21810.76.201.178/3110.76.201.178 – 10.76.201.17910.76.201.179
21910.76.201.180/3110.76.201.180 – 10.76.201.18110.76.201.181
22010.76.201.182/3110.76.201.182 – 10.76.201.18310.76.201.183
22110.76.201.184/3110.76.201.184 – 10.76.201.18510.76.201.185
22210.76.201.186/3110.76.201.186 – 10.76.201.18710.76.201.187
22310.76.201.188/3110.76.201.188 – 10.76.201.18910.76.201.189
22410.76.201.190/3110.76.201.190 – 10.76.201.19110.76.201.191
22510.76.201.192/3110.76.201.192 – 10.76.201.19310.76.201.193
22610.76.201.194/3110.76.201.194 – 10.76.201.19510.76.201.195
22710.76.201.196/3110.76.201.196 – 10.76.201.19710.76.201.197
22810.76.201.198/3110.76.201.198 – 10.76.201.19910.76.201.199
22910.76.201.200/3110.76.201.200 – 10.76.201.20110.76.201.201
23010.76.201.202/3110.76.201.202 – 10.76.201.20310.76.201.203
23110.76.201.204/3110.76.201.204 – 10.76.201.20510.76.201.205
23210.76.201.206/3110.76.201.206 – 10.76.201.20710.76.201.207
23310.76.201.208/3110.76.201.208 – 10.76.201.20910.76.201.209
23410.76.201.210/3110.76.201.210 – 10.76.201.21110.76.201.211
23510.76.201.212/3110.76.201.212 – 10.76.201.21310.76.201.213
23610.76.201.214/3110.76.201.214 – 10.76.201.21510.76.201.215
23710.76.201.216/3110.76.201.216 – 10.76.201.21710.76.201.217
23810.76.201.218/3110.76.201.218 – 10.76.201.21910.76.201.219
23910.76.201.220/3110.76.201.220 – 10.76.201.22110.76.201.221
24010.76.201.222/3110.76.201.222 – 10.76.201.22310.76.201.223
24110.76.201.224/3110.76.201.224 – 10.76.201.22510.76.201.225
24210.76.201.226/3110.76.201.226 – 10.76.201.22710.76.201.227
24310.76.201.228/3110.76.201.228 – 10.76.201.22910.76.201.229
24410.76.201.230/3110.76.201.230 – 10.76.201.23110.76.201.231
24510.76.201.232/3110.76.201.232 – 10.76.201.23310.76.201.233
24610.76.201.234/3110.76.201.234 – 10.76.201.23510.76.201.235
24710.76.201.236/3110.76.201.236 – 10.76.201.23710.76.201.237
24810.76.201.238/3110.76.201.238 – 10.76.201.23910.76.201.239
24910.76.201.240/3110.76.201.240 – 10.76.201.24110.76.201.241
25010.76.201.242/3110.76.201.242 – 10.76.201.24310.76.201.243
25110.76.201.244/3110.76.201.244 – 10.76.201.24510.76.201.245
25210.76.201.246/3110.76.201.246 – 10.76.201.24710.76.201.247
25310.76.201.248/3110.76.201.248 – 10.76.201.24910.76.201.249
25410.76.201.250/3110.76.201.250 – 10.76.201.25110.76.201.251
25510.76.201.252/3110.76.201.252 – 10.76.201.25310.76.201.253
25610.76.201.254/3110.76.201.254 – 10.76.201.25510.76.201.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →