ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.76.18.0/23
network10.76.18.0/23
broadcast10.76.19.255
first host10.76.18.1
last host10.76.19.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.76.18.0/23
address00001010.01001100.00010010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01001100.00010010.00000000
broadcast00001010.01001100.00010011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a4c1200
decimal172757504
reverse dns0.18.76.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a4c:1200

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.76.18.0/3110.76.18.0 – 10.76.18.110.76.18.1
210.76.18.2/3110.76.18.2 – 10.76.18.310.76.18.3
310.76.18.4/3110.76.18.4 – 10.76.18.510.76.18.5
410.76.18.6/3110.76.18.6 – 10.76.18.710.76.18.7
510.76.18.8/3110.76.18.8 – 10.76.18.910.76.18.9
610.76.18.10/3110.76.18.10 – 10.76.18.1110.76.18.11
710.76.18.12/3110.76.18.12 – 10.76.18.1310.76.18.13
810.76.18.14/3110.76.18.14 – 10.76.18.1510.76.18.15
910.76.18.16/3110.76.18.16 – 10.76.18.1710.76.18.17
1010.76.18.18/3110.76.18.18 – 10.76.18.1910.76.18.19
1110.76.18.20/3110.76.18.20 – 10.76.18.2110.76.18.21
1210.76.18.22/3110.76.18.22 – 10.76.18.2310.76.18.23
1310.76.18.24/3110.76.18.24 – 10.76.18.2510.76.18.25
1410.76.18.26/3110.76.18.26 – 10.76.18.2710.76.18.27
1510.76.18.28/3110.76.18.28 – 10.76.18.2910.76.18.29
1610.76.18.30/3110.76.18.30 – 10.76.18.3110.76.18.31
1710.76.18.32/3110.76.18.32 – 10.76.18.3310.76.18.33
1810.76.18.34/3110.76.18.34 – 10.76.18.3510.76.18.35
1910.76.18.36/3110.76.18.36 – 10.76.18.3710.76.18.37
2010.76.18.38/3110.76.18.38 – 10.76.18.3910.76.18.39
2110.76.18.40/3110.76.18.40 – 10.76.18.4110.76.18.41
2210.76.18.42/3110.76.18.42 – 10.76.18.4310.76.18.43
2310.76.18.44/3110.76.18.44 – 10.76.18.4510.76.18.45
2410.76.18.46/3110.76.18.46 – 10.76.18.4710.76.18.47
2510.76.18.48/3110.76.18.48 – 10.76.18.4910.76.18.49
2610.76.18.50/3110.76.18.50 – 10.76.18.5110.76.18.51
2710.76.18.52/3110.76.18.52 – 10.76.18.5310.76.18.53
2810.76.18.54/3110.76.18.54 – 10.76.18.5510.76.18.55
2910.76.18.56/3110.76.18.56 – 10.76.18.5710.76.18.57
3010.76.18.58/3110.76.18.58 – 10.76.18.5910.76.18.59
3110.76.18.60/3110.76.18.60 – 10.76.18.6110.76.18.61
3210.76.18.62/3110.76.18.62 – 10.76.18.6310.76.18.63
3310.76.18.64/3110.76.18.64 – 10.76.18.6510.76.18.65
3410.76.18.66/3110.76.18.66 – 10.76.18.6710.76.18.67
3510.76.18.68/3110.76.18.68 – 10.76.18.6910.76.18.69
3610.76.18.70/3110.76.18.70 – 10.76.18.7110.76.18.71
3710.76.18.72/3110.76.18.72 – 10.76.18.7310.76.18.73
3810.76.18.74/3110.76.18.74 – 10.76.18.7510.76.18.75
3910.76.18.76/3110.76.18.76 – 10.76.18.7710.76.18.77
4010.76.18.78/3110.76.18.78 – 10.76.18.7910.76.18.79
4110.76.18.80/3110.76.18.80 – 10.76.18.8110.76.18.81
4210.76.18.82/3110.76.18.82 – 10.76.18.8310.76.18.83
4310.76.18.84/3110.76.18.84 – 10.76.18.8510.76.18.85
4410.76.18.86/3110.76.18.86 – 10.76.18.8710.76.18.87
4510.76.18.88/3110.76.18.88 – 10.76.18.8910.76.18.89
4610.76.18.90/3110.76.18.90 – 10.76.18.9110.76.18.91
4710.76.18.92/3110.76.18.92 – 10.76.18.9310.76.18.93
4810.76.18.94/3110.76.18.94 – 10.76.18.9510.76.18.95
4910.76.18.96/3110.76.18.96 – 10.76.18.9710.76.18.97
5010.76.18.98/3110.76.18.98 – 10.76.18.9910.76.18.99
5110.76.18.100/3110.76.18.100 – 10.76.18.10110.76.18.101
5210.76.18.102/3110.76.18.102 – 10.76.18.10310.76.18.103
5310.76.18.104/3110.76.18.104 – 10.76.18.10510.76.18.105
5410.76.18.106/3110.76.18.106 – 10.76.18.10710.76.18.107
5510.76.18.108/3110.76.18.108 – 10.76.18.10910.76.18.109
5610.76.18.110/3110.76.18.110 – 10.76.18.11110.76.18.111
5710.76.18.112/3110.76.18.112 – 10.76.18.11310.76.18.113
5810.76.18.114/3110.76.18.114 – 10.76.18.11510.76.18.115
5910.76.18.116/3110.76.18.116 – 10.76.18.11710.76.18.117
6010.76.18.118/3110.76.18.118 – 10.76.18.11910.76.18.119
6110.76.18.120/3110.76.18.120 – 10.76.18.12110.76.18.121
6210.76.18.122/3110.76.18.122 – 10.76.18.12310.76.18.123
6310.76.18.124/3110.76.18.124 – 10.76.18.12510.76.18.125
6410.76.18.126/3110.76.18.126 – 10.76.18.12710.76.18.127
6510.76.18.128/3110.76.18.128 – 10.76.18.12910.76.18.129
6610.76.18.130/3110.76.18.130 – 10.76.18.13110.76.18.131
6710.76.18.132/3110.76.18.132 – 10.76.18.13310.76.18.133
6810.76.18.134/3110.76.18.134 – 10.76.18.13510.76.18.135
6910.76.18.136/3110.76.18.136 – 10.76.18.13710.76.18.137
7010.76.18.138/3110.76.18.138 – 10.76.18.13910.76.18.139
7110.76.18.140/3110.76.18.140 – 10.76.18.14110.76.18.141
7210.76.18.142/3110.76.18.142 – 10.76.18.14310.76.18.143
7310.76.18.144/3110.76.18.144 – 10.76.18.14510.76.18.145
7410.76.18.146/3110.76.18.146 – 10.76.18.14710.76.18.147
7510.76.18.148/3110.76.18.148 – 10.76.18.14910.76.18.149
7610.76.18.150/3110.76.18.150 – 10.76.18.15110.76.18.151
7710.76.18.152/3110.76.18.152 – 10.76.18.15310.76.18.153
7810.76.18.154/3110.76.18.154 – 10.76.18.15510.76.18.155
7910.76.18.156/3110.76.18.156 – 10.76.18.15710.76.18.157
8010.76.18.158/3110.76.18.158 – 10.76.18.15910.76.18.159
8110.76.18.160/3110.76.18.160 – 10.76.18.16110.76.18.161
8210.76.18.162/3110.76.18.162 – 10.76.18.16310.76.18.163
8310.76.18.164/3110.76.18.164 – 10.76.18.16510.76.18.165
8410.76.18.166/3110.76.18.166 – 10.76.18.16710.76.18.167
8510.76.18.168/3110.76.18.168 – 10.76.18.16910.76.18.169
8610.76.18.170/3110.76.18.170 – 10.76.18.17110.76.18.171
8710.76.18.172/3110.76.18.172 – 10.76.18.17310.76.18.173
8810.76.18.174/3110.76.18.174 – 10.76.18.17510.76.18.175
8910.76.18.176/3110.76.18.176 – 10.76.18.17710.76.18.177
9010.76.18.178/3110.76.18.178 – 10.76.18.17910.76.18.179
9110.76.18.180/3110.76.18.180 – 10.76.18.18110.76.18.181
9210.76.18.182/3110.76.18.182 – 10.76.18.18310.76.18.183
9310.76.18.184/3110.76.18.184 – 10.76.18.18510.76.18.185
9410.76.18.186/3110.76.18.186 – 10.76.18.18710.76.18.187
9510.76.18.188/3110.76.18.188 – 10.76.18.18910.76.18.189
9610.76.18.190/3110.76.18.190 – 10.76.18.19110.76.18.191
9710.76.18.192/3110.76.18.192 – 10.76.18.19310.76.18.193
9810.76.18.194/3110.76.18.194 – 10.76.18.19510.76.18.195
9910.76.18.196/3110.76.18.196 – 10.76.18.19710.76.18.197
10010.76.18.198/3110.76.18.198 – 10.76.18.19910.76.18.199
10110.76.18.200/3110.76.18.200 – 10.76.18.20110.76.18.201
10210.76.18.202/3110.76.18.202 – 10.76.18.20310.76.18.203
10310.76.18.204/3110.76.18.204 – 10.76.18.20510.76.18.205
10410.76.18.206/3110.76.18.206 – 10.76.18.20710.76.18.207
10510.76.18.208/3110.76.18.208 – 10.76.18.20910.76.18.209
10610.76.18.210/3110.76.18.210 – 10.76.18.21110.76.18.211
10710.76.18.212/3110.76.18.212 – 10.76.18.21310.76.18.213
10810.76.18.214/3110.76.18.214 – 10.76.18.21510.76.18.215
10910.76.18.216/3110.76.18.216 – 10.76.18.21710.76.18.217
11010.76.18.218/3110.76.18.218 – 10.76.18.21910.76.18.219
11110.76.18.220/3110.76.18.220 – 10.76.18.22110.76.18.221
11210.76.18.222/3110.76.18.222 – 10.76.18.22310.76.18.223
11310.76.18.224/3110.76.18.224 – 10.76.18.22510.76.18.225
11410.76.18.226/3110.76.18.226 – 10.76.18.22710.76.18.227
11510.76.18.228/3110.76.18.228 – 10.76.18.22910.76.18.229
11610.76.18.230/3110.76.18.230 – 10.76.18.23110.76.18.231
11710.76.18.232/3110.76.18.232 – 10.76.18.23310.76.18.233
11810.76.18.234/3110.76.18.234 – 10.76.18.23510.76.18.235
11910.76.18.236/3110.76.18.236 – 10.76.18.23710.76.18.237
12010.76.18.238/3110.76.18.238 – 10.76.18.23910.76.18.239
12110.76.18.240/3110.76.18.240 – 10.76.18.24110.76.18.241
12210.76.18.242/3110.76.18.242 – 10.76.18.24310.76.18.243
12310.76.18.244/3110.76.18.244 – 10.76.18.24510.76.18.245
12410.76.18.246/3110.76.18.246 – 10.76.18.24710.76.18.247
12510.76.18.248/3110.76.18.248 – 10.76.18.24910.76.18.249
12610.76.18.250/3110.76.18.250 – 10.76.18.25110.76.18.251
12710.76.18.252/3110.76.18.252 – 10.76.18.25310.76.18.253
12810.76.18.254/3110.76.18.254 – 10.76.18.25510.76.18.255
12910.76.19.0/3110.76.19.0 – 10.76.19.110.76.19.1
13010.76.19.2/3110.76.19.2 – 10.76.19.310.76.19.3
13110.76.19.4/3110.76.19.4 – 10.76.19.510.76.19.5
13210.76.19.6/3110.76.19.6 – 10.76.19.710.76.19.7
13310.76.19.8/3110.76.19.8 – 10.76.19.910.76.19.9
13410.76.19.10/3110.76.19.10 – 10.76.19.1110.76.19.11
13510.76.19.12/3110.76.19.12 – 10.76.19.1310.76.19.13
13610.76.19.14/3110.76.19.14 – 10.76.19.1510.76.19.15
13710.76.19.16/3110.76.19.16 – 10.76.19.1710.76.19.17
13810.76.19.18/3110.76.19.18 – 10.76.19.1910.76.19.19
13910.76.19.20/3110.76.19.20 – 10.76.19.2110.76.19.21
14010.76.19.22/3110.76.19.22 – 10.76.19.2310.76.19.23
14110.76.19.24/3110.76.19.24 – 10.76.19.2510.76.19.25
14210.76.19.26/3110.76.19.26 – 10.76.19.2710.76.19.27
14310.76.19.28/3110.76.19.28 – 10.76.19.2910.76.19.29
14410.76.19.30/3110.76.19.30 – 10.76.19.3110.76.19.31
14510.76.19.32/3110.76.19.32 – 10.76.19.3310.76.19.33
14610.76.19.34/3110.76.19.34 – 10.76.19.3510.76.19.35
14710.76.19.36/3110.76.19.36 – 10.76.19.3710.76.19.37
14810.76.19.38/3110.76.19.38 – 10.76.19.3910.76.19.39
14910.76.19.40/3110.76.19.40 – 10.76.19.4110.76.19.41
15010.76.19.42/3110.76.19.42 – 10.76.19.4310.76.19.43
15110.76.19.44/3110.76.19.44 – 10.76.19.4510.76.19.45
15210.76.19.46/3110.76.19.46 – 10.76.19.4710.76.19.47
15310.76.19.48/3110.76.19.48 – 10.76.19.4910.76.19.49
15410.76.19.50/3110.76.19.50 – 10.76.19.5110.76.19.51
15510.76.19.52/3110.76.19.52 – 10.76.19.5310.76.19.53
15610.76.19.54/3110.76.19.54 – 10.76.19.5510.76.19.55
15710.76.19.56/3110.76.19.56 – 10.76.19.5710.76.19.57
15810.76.19.58/3110.76.19.58 – 10.76.19.5910.76.19.59
15910.76.19.60/3110.76.19.60 – 10.76.19.6110.76.19.61
16010.76.19.62/3110.76.19.62 – 10.76.19.6310.76.19.63
16110.76.19.64/3110.76.19.64 – 10.76.19.6510.76.19.65
16210.76.19.66/3110.76.19.66 – 10.76.19.6710.76.19.67
16310.76.19.68/3110.76.19.68 – 10.76.19.6910.76.19.69
16410.76.19.70/3110.76.19.70 – 10.76.19.7110.76.19.71
16510.76.19.72/3110.76.19.72 – 10.76.19.7310.76.19.73
16610.76.19.74/3110.76.19.74 – 10.76.19.7510.76.19.75
16710.76.19.76/3110.76.19.76 – 10.76.19.7710.76.19.77
16810.76.19.78/3110.76.19.78 – 10.76.19.7910.76.19.79
16910.76.19.80/3110.76.19.80 – 10.76.19.8110.76.19.81
17010.76.19.82/3110.76.19.82 – 10.76.19.8310.76.19.83
17110.76.19.84/3110.76.19.84 – 10.76.19.8510.76.19.85
17210.76.19.86/3110.76.19.86 – 10.76.19.8710.76.19.87
17310.76.19.88/3110.76.19.88 – 10.76.19.8910.76.19.89
17410.76.19.90/3110.76.19.90 – 10.76.19.9110.76.19.91
17510.76.19.92/3110.76.19.92 – 10.76.19.9310.76.19.93
17610.76.19.94/3110.76.19.94 – 10.76.19.9510.76.19.95
17710.76.19.96/3110.76.19.96 – 10.76.19.9710.76.19.97
17810.76.19.98/3110.76.19.98 – 10.76.19.9910.76.19.99
17910.76.19.100/3110.76.19.100 – 10.76.19.10110.76.19.101
18010.76.19.102/3110.76.19.102 – 10.76.19.10310.76.19.103
18110.76.19.104/3110.76.19.104 – 10.76.19.10510.76.19.105
18210.76.19.106/3110.76.19.106 – 10.76.19.10710.76.19.107
18310.76.19.108/3110.76.19.108 – 10.76.19.10910.76.19.109
18410.76.19.110/3110.76.19.110 – 10.76.19.11110.76.19.111
18510.76.19.112/3110.76.19.112 – 10.76.19.11310.76.19.113
18610.76.19.114/3110.76.19.114 – 10.76.19.11510.76.19.115
18710.76.19.116/3110.76.19.116 – 10.76.19.11710.76.19.117
18810.76.19.118/3110.76.19.118 – 10.76.19.11910.76.19.119
18910.76.19.120/3110.76.19.120 – 10.76.19.12110.76.19.121
19010.76.19.122/3110.76.19.122 – 10.76.19.12310.76.19.123
19110.76.19.124/3110.76.19.124 – 10.76.19.12510.76.19.125
19210.76.19.126/3110.76.19.126 – 10.76.19.12710.76.19.127
19310.76.19.128/3110.76.19.128 – 10.76.19.12910.76.19.129
19410.76.19.130/3110.76.19.130 – 10.76.19.13110.76.19.131
19510.76.19.132/3110.76.19.132 – 10.76.19.13310.76.19.133
19610.76.19.134/3110.76.19.134 – 10.76.19.13510.76.19.135
19710.76.19.136/3110.76.19.136 – 10.76.19.13710.76.19.137
19810.76.19.138/3110.76.19.138 – 10.76.19.13910.76.19.139
19910.76.19.140/3110.76.19.140 – 10.76.19.14110.76.19.141
20010.76.19.142/3110.76.19.142 – 10.76.19.14310.76.19.143
20110.76.19.144/3110.76.19.144 – 10.76.19.14510.76.19.145
20210.76.19.146/3110.76.19.146 – 10.76.19.14710.76.19.147
20310.76.19.148/3110.76.19.148 – 10.76.19.14910.76.19.149
20410.76.19.150/3110.76.19.150 – 10.76.19.15110.76.19.151
20510.76.19.152/3110.76.19.152 – 10.76.19.15310.76.19.153
20610.76.19.154/3110.76.19.154 – 10.76.19.15510.76.19.155
20710.76.19.156/3110.76.19.156 – 10.76.19.15710.76.19.157
20810.76.19.158/3110.76.19.158 – 10.76.19.15910.76.19.159
20910.76.19.160/3110.76.19.160 – 10.76.19.16110.76.19.161
21010.76.19.162/3110.76.19.162 – 10.76.19.16310.76.19.163
21110.76.19.164/3110.76.19.164 – 10.76.19.16510.76.19.165
21210.76.19.166/3110.76.19.166 – 10.76.19.16710.76.19.167
21310.76.19.168/3110.76.19.168 – 10.76.19.16910.76.19.169
21410.76.19.170/3110.76.19.170 – 10.76.19.17110.76.19.171
21510.76.19.172/3110.76.19.172 – 10.76.19.17310.76.19.173
21610.76.19.174/3110.76.19.174 – 10.76.19.17510.76.19.175
21710.76.19.176/3110.76.19.176 – 10.76.19.17710.76.19.177
21810.76.19.178/3110.76.19.178 – 10.76.19.17910.76.19.179
21910.76.19.180/3110.76.19.180 – 10.76.19.18110.76.19.181
22010.76.19.182/3110.76.19.182 – 10.76.19.18310.76.19.183
22110.76.19.184/3110.76.19.184 – 10.76.19.18510.76.19.185
22210.76.19.186/3110.76.19.186 – 10.76.19.18710.76.19.187
22310.76.19.188/3110.76.19.188 – 10.76.19.18910.76.19.189
22410.76.19.190/3110.76.19.190 – 10.76.19.19110.76.19.191
22510.76.19.192/3110.76.19.192 – 10.76.19.19310.76.19.193
22610.76.19.194/3110.76.19.194 – 10.76.19.19510.76.19.195
22710.76.19.196/3110.76.19.196 – 10.76.19.19710.76.19.197
22810.76.19.198/3110.76.19.198 – 10.76.19.19910.76.19.199
22910.76.19.200/3110.76.19.200 – 10.76.19.20110.76.19.201
23010.76.19.202/3110.76.19.202 – 10.76.19.20310.76.19.203
23110.76.19.204/3110.76.19.204 – 10.76.19.20510.76.19.205
23210.76.19.206/3110.76.19.206 – 10.76.19.20710.76.19.207
23310.76.19.208/3110.76.19.208 – 10.76.19.20910.76.19.209
23410.76.19.210/3110.76.19.210 – 10.76.19.21110.76.19.211
23510.76.19.212/3110.76.19.212 – 10.76.19.21310.76.19.213
23610.76.19.214/3110.76.19.214 – 10.76.19.21510.76.19.215
23710.76.19.216/3110.76.19.216 – 10.76.19.21710.76.19.217
23810.76.19.218/3110.76.19.218 – 10.76.19.21910.76.19.219
23910.76.19.220/3110.76.19.220 – 10.76.19.22110.76.19.221
24010.76.19.222/3110.76.19.222 – 10.76.19.22310.76.19.223
24110.76.19.224/3110.76.19.224 – 10.76.19.22510.76.19.225
24210.76.19.226/3110.76.19.226 – 10.76.19.22710.76.19.227
24310.76.19.228/3110.76.19.228 – 10.76.19.22910.76.19.229
24410.76.19.230/3110.76.19.230 – 10.76.19.23110.76.19.231
24510.76.19.232/3110.76.19.232 – 10.76.19.23310.76.19.233
24610.76.19.234/3110.76.19.234 – 10.76.19.23510.76.19.235
24710.76.19.236/3110.76.19.236 – 10.76.19.23710.76.19.237
24810.76.19.238/3110.76.19.238 – 10.76.19.23910.76.19.239
24910.76.19.240/3110.76.19.240 – 10.76.19.24110.76.19.241
25010.76.19.242/3110.76.19.242 – 10.76.19.24310.76.19.243
25110.76.19.244/3110.76.19.244 – 10.76.19.24510.76.19.245
25210.76.19.246/3110.76.19.246 – 10.76.19.24710.76.19.247
25310.76.19.248/3110.76.19.248 – 10.76.19.24910.76.19.249
25410.76.19.250/3110.76.19.250 – 10.76.19.25110.76.19.251
25510.76.19.252/3110.76.19.252 – 10.76.19.25310.76.19.253
25610.76.19.254/3110.76.19.254 – 10.76.19.25510.76.19.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →