ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.69.76.0/23
network10.69.76.0/23
broadcast10.69.77.255
first host10.69.76.1
last host10.69.77.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.69.76.0/23
address00001010.01000101.01001100.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.01000101.01001100.00000000
broadcast00001010.01000101.01001101.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a454c00
decimal172313600
reverse dns0.76.69.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a45:4c00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.69.76.0/3110.69.76.0 – 10.69.76.110.69.76.1
210.69.76.2/3110.69.76.2 – 10.69.76.310.69.76.3
310.69.76.4/3110.69.76.4 – 10.69.76.510.69.76.5
410.69.76.6/3110.69.76.6 – 10.69.76.710.69.76.7
510.69.76.8/3110.69.76.8 – 10.69.76.910.69.76.9
610.69.76.10/3110.69.76.10 – 10.69.76.1110.69.76.11
710.69.76.12/3110.69.76.12 – 10.69.76.1310.69.76.13
810.69.76.14/3110.69.76.14 – 10.69.76.1510.69.76.15
910.69.76.16/3110.69.76.16 – 10.69.76.1710.69.76.17
1010.69.76.18/3110.69.76.18 – 10.69.76.1910.69.76.19
1110.69.76.20/3110.69.76.20 – 10.69.76.2110.69.76.21
1210.69.76.22/3110.69.76.22 – 10.69.76.2310.69.76.23
1310.69.76.24/3110.69.76.24 – 10.69.76.2510.69.76.25
1410.69.76.26/3110.69.76.26 – 10.69.76.2710.69.76.27
1510.69.76.28/3110.69.76.28 – 10.69.76.2910.69.76.29
1610.69.76.30/3110.69.76.30 – 10.69.76.3110.69.76.31
1710.69.76.32/3110.69.76.32 – 10.69.76.3310.69.76.33
1810.69.76.34/3110.69.76.34 – 10.69.76.3510.69.76.35
1910.69.76.36/3110.69.76.36 – 10.69.76.3710.69.76.37
2010.69.76.38/3110.69.76.38 – 10.69.76.3910.69.76.39
2110.69.76.40/3110.69.76.40 – 10.69.76.4110.69.76.41
2210.69.76.42/3110.69.76.42 – 10.69.76.4310.69.76.43
2310.69.76.44/3110.69.76.44 – 10.69.76.4510.69.76.45
2410.69.76.46/3110.69.76.46 – 10.69.76.4710.69.76.47
2510.69.76.48/3110.69.76.48 – 10.69.76.4910.69.76.49
2610.69.76.50/3110.69.76.50 – 10.69.76.5110.69.76.51
2710.69.76.52/3110.69.76.52 – 10.69.76.5310.69.76.53
2810.69.76.54/3110.69.76.54 – 10.69.76.5510.69.76.55
2910.69.76.56/3110.69.76.56 – 10.69.76.5710.69.76.57
3010.69.76.58/3110.69.76.58 – 10.69.76.5910.69.76.59
3110.69.76.60/3110.69.76.60 – 10.69.76.6110.69.76.61
3210.69.76.62/3110.69.76.62 – 10.69.76.6310.69.76.63
3310.69.76.64/3110.69.76.64 – 10.69.76.6510.69.76.65
3410.69.76.66/3110.69.76.66 – 10.69.76.6710.69.76.67
3510.69.76.68/3110.69.76.68 – 10.69.76.6910.69.76.69
3610.69.76.70/3110.69.76.70 – 10.69.76.7110.69.76.71
3710.69.76.72/3110.69.76.72 – 10.69.76.7310.69.76.73
3810.69.76.74/3110.69.76.74 – 10.69.76.7510.69.76.75
3910.69.76.76/3110.69.76.76 – 10.69.76.7710.69.76.77
4010.69.76.78/3110.69.76.78 – 10.69.76.7910.69.76.79
4110.69.76.80/3110.69.76.80 – 10.69.76.8110.69.76.81
4210.69.76.82/3110.69.76.82 – 10.69.76.8310.69.76.83
4310.69.76.84/3110.69.76.84 – 10.69.76.8510.69.76.85
4410.69.76.86/3110.69.76.86 – 10.69.76.8710.69.76.87
4510.69.76.88/3110.69.76.88 – 10.69.76.8910.69.76.89
4610.69.76.90/3110.69.76.90 – 10.69.76.9110.69.76.91
4710.69.76.92/3110.69.76.92 – 10.69.76.9310.69.76.93
4810.69.76.94/3110.69.76.94 – 10.69.76.9510.69.76.95
4910.69.76.96/3110.69.76.96 – 10.69.76.9710.69.76.97
5010.69.76.98/3110.69.76.98 – 10.69.76.9910.69.76.99
5110.69.76.100/3110.69.76.100 – 10.69.76.10110.69.76.101
5210.69.76.102/3110.69.76.102 – 10.69.76.10310.69.76.103
5310.69.76.104/3110.69.76.104 – 10.69.76.10510.69.76.105
5410.69.76.106/3110.69.76.106 – 10.69.76.10710.69.76.107
5510.69.76.108/3110.69.76.108 – 10.69.76.10910.69.76.109
5610.69.76.110/3110.69.76.110 – 10.69.76.11110.69.76.111
5710.69.76.112/3110.69.76.112 – 10.69.76.11310.69.76.113
5810.69.76.114/3110.69.76.114 – 10.69.76.11510.69.76.115
5910.69.76.116/3110.69.76.116 – 10.69.76.11710.69.76.117
6010.69.76.118/3110.69.76.118 – 10.69.76.11910.69.76.119
6110.69.76.120/3110.69.76.120 – 10.69.76.12110.69.76.121
6210.69.76.122/3110.69.76.122 – 10.69.76.12310.69.76.123
6310.69.76.124/3110.69.76.124 – 10.69.76.12510.69.76.125
6410.69.76.126/3110.69.76.126 – 10.69.76.12710.69.76.127
6510.69.76.128/3110.69.76.128 – 10.69.76.12910.69.76.129
6610.69.76.130/3110.69.76.130 – 10.69.76.13110.69.76.131
6710.69.76.132/3110.69.76.132 – 10.69.76.13310.69.76.133
6810.69.76.134/3110.69.76.134 – 10.69.76.13510.69.76.135
6910.69.76.136/3110.69.76.136 – 10.69.76.13710.69.76.137
7010.69.76.138/3110.69.76.138 – 10.69.76.13910.69.76.139
7110.69.76.140/3110.69.76.140 – 10.69.76.14110.69.76.141
7210.69.76.142/3110.69.76.142 – 10.69.76.14310.69.76.143
7310.69.76.144/3110.69.76.144 – 10.69.76.14510.69.76.145
7410.69.76.146/3110.69.76.146 – 10.69.76.14710.69.76.147
7510.69.76.148/3110.69.76.148 – 10.69.76.14910.69.76.149
7610.69.76.150/3110.69.76.150 – 10.69.76.15110.69.76.151
7710.69.76.152/3110.69.76.152 – 10.69.76.15310.69.76.153
7810.69.76.154/3110.69.76.154 – 10.69.76.15510.69.76.155
7910.69.76.156/3110.69.76.156 – 10.69.76.15710.69.76.157
8010.69.76.158/3110.69.76.158 – 10.69.76.15910.69.76.159
8110.69.76.160/3110.69.76.160 – 10.69.76.16110.69.76.161
8210.69.76.162/3110.69.76.162 – 10.69.76.16310.69.76.163
8310.69.76.164/3110.69.76.164 – 10.69.76.16510.69.76.165
8410.69.76.166/3110.69.76.166 – 10.69.76.16710.69.76.167
8510.69.76.168/3110.69.76.168 – 10.69.76.16910.69.76.169
8610.69.76.170/3110.69.76.170 – 10.69.76.17110.69.76.171
8710.69.76.172/3110.69.76.172 – 10.69.76.17310.69.76.173
8810.69.76.174/3110.69.76.174 – 10.69.76.17510.69.76.175
8910.69.76.176/3110.69.76.176 – 10.69.76.17710.69.76.177
9010.69.76.178/3110.69.76.178 – 10.69.76.17910.69.76.179
9110.69.76.180/3110.69.76.180 – 10.69.76.18110.69.76.181
9210.69.76.182/3110.69.76.182 – 10.69.76.18310.69.76.183
9310.69.76.184/3110.69.76.184 – 10.69.76.18510.69.76.185
9410.69.76.186/3110.69.76.186 – 10.69.76.18710.69.76.187
9510.69.76.188/3110.69.76.188 – 10.69.76.18910.69.76.189
9610.69.76.190/3110.69.76.190 – 10.69.76.19110.69.76.191
9710.69.76.192/3110.69.76.192 – 10.69.76.19310.69.76.193
9810.69.76.194/3110.69.76.194 – 10.69.76.19510.69.76.195
9910.69.76.196/3110.69.76.196 – 10.69.76.19710.69.76.197
10010.69.76.198/3110.69.76.198 – 10.69.76.19910.69.76.199
10110.69.76.200/3110.69.76.200 – 10.69.76.20110.69.76.201
10210.69.76.202/3110.69.76.202 – 10.69.76.20310.69.76.203
10310.69.76.204/3110.69.76.204 – 10.69.76.20510.69.76.205
10410.69.76.206/3110.69.76.206 – 10.69.76.20710.69.76.207
10510.69.76.208/3110.69.76.208 – 10.69.76.20910.69.76.209
10610.69.76.210/3110.69.76.210 – 10.69.76.21110.69.76.211
10710.69.76.212/3110.69.76.212 – 10.69.76.21310.69.76.213
10810.69.76.214/3110.69.76.214 – 10.69.76.21510.69.76.215
10910.69.76.216/3110.69.76.216 – 10.69.76.21710.69.76.217
11010.69.76.218/3110.69.76.218 – 10.69.76.21910.69.76.219
11110.69.76.220/3110.69.76.220 – 10.69.76.22110.69.76.221
11210.69.76.222/3110.69.76.222 – 10.69.76.22310.69.76.223
11310.69.76.224/3110.69.76.224 – 10.69.76.22510.69.76.225
11410.69.76.226/3110.69.76.226 – 10.69.76.22710.69.76.227
11510.69.76.228/3110.69.76.228 – 10.69.76.22910.69.76.229
11610.69.76.230/3110.69.76.230 – 10.69.76.23110.69.76.231
11710.69.76.232/3110.69.76.232 – 10.69.76.23310.69.76.233
11810.69.76.234/3110.69.76.234 – 10.69.76.23510.69.76.235
11910.69.76.236/3110.69.76.236 – 10.69.76.23710.69.76.237
12010.69.76.238/3110.69.76.238 – 10.69.76.23910.69.76.239
12110.69.76.240/3110.69.76.240 – 10.69.76.24110.69.76.241
12210.69.76.242/3110.69.76.242 – 10.69.76.24310.69.76.243
12310.69.76.244/3110.69.76.244 – 10.69.76.24510.69.76.245
12410.69.76.246/3110.69.76.246 – 10.69.76.24710.69.76.247
12510.69.76.248/3110.69.76.248 – 10.69.76.24910.69.76.249
12610.69.76.250/3110.69.76.250 – 10.69.76.25110.69.76.251
12710.69.76.252/3110.69.76.252 – 10.69.76.25310.69.76.253
12810.69.76.254/3110.69.76.254 – 10.69.76.25510.69.76.255
12910.69.77.0/3110.69.77.0 – 10.69.77.110.69.77.1
13010.69.77.2/3110.69.77.2 – 10.69.77.310.69.77.3
13110.69.77.4/3110.69.77.4 – 10.69.77.510.69.77.5
13210.69.77.6/3110.69.77.6 – 10.69.77.710.69.77.7
13310.69.77.8/3110.69.77.8 – 10.69.77.910.69.77.9
13410.69.77.10/3110.69.77.10 – 10.69.77.1110.69.77.11
13510.69.77.12/3110.69.77.12 – 10.69.77.1310.69.77.13
13610.69.77.14/3110.69.77.14 – 10.69.77.1510.69.77.15
13710.69.77.16/3110.69.77.16 – 10.69.77.1710.69.77.17
13810.69.77.18/3110.69.77.18 – 10.69.77.1910.69.77.19
13910.69.77.20/3110.69.77.20 – 10.69.77.2110.69.77.21
14010.69.77.22/3110.69.77.22 – 10.69.77.2310.69.77.23
14110.69.77.24/3110.69.77.24 – 10.69.77.2510.69.77.25
14210.69.77.26/3110.69.77.26 – 10.69.77.2710.69.77.27
14310.69.77.28/3110.69.77.28 – 10.69.77.2910.69.77.29
14410.69.77.30/3110.69.77.30 – 10.69.77.3110.69.77.31
14510.69.77.32/3110.69.77.32 – 10.69.77.3310.69.77.33
14610.69.77.34/3110.69.77.34 – 10.69.77.3510.69.77.35
14710.69.77.36/3110.69.77.36 – 10.69.77.3710.69.77.37
14810.69.77.38/3110.69.77.38 – 10.69.77.3910.69.77.39
14910.69.77.40/3110.69.77.40 – 10.69.77.4110.69.77.41
15010.69.77.42/3110.69.77.42 – 10.69.77.4310.69.77.43
15110.69.77.44/3110.69.77.44 – 10.69.77.4510.69.77.45
15210.69.77.46/3110.69.77.46 – 10.69.77.4710.69.77.47
15310.69.77.48/3110.69.77.48 – 10.69.77.4910.69.77.49
15410.69.77.50/3110.69.77.50 – 10.69.77.5110.69.77.51
15510.69.77.52/3110.69.77.52 – 10.69.77.5310.69.77.53
15610.69.77.54/3110.69.77.54 – 10.69.77.5510.69.77.55
15710.69.77.56/3110.69.77.56 – 10.69.77.5710.69.77.57
15810.69.77.58/3110.69.77.58 – 10.69.77.5910.69.77.59
15910.69.77.60/3110.69.77.60 – 10.69.77.6110.69.77.61
16010.69.77.62/3110.69.77.62 – 10.69.77.6310.69.77.63
16110.69.77.64/3110.69.77.64 – 10.69.77.6510.69.77.65
16210.69.77.66/3110.69.77.66 – 10.69.77.6710.69.77.67
16310.69.77.68/3110.69.77.68 – 10.69.77.6910.69.77.69
16410.69.77.70/3110.69.77.70 – 10.69.77.7110.69.77.71
16510.69.77.72/3110.69.77.72 – 10.69.77.7310.69.77.73
16610.69.77.74/3110.69.77.74 – 10.69.77.7510.69.77.75
16710.69.77.76/3110.69.77.76 – 10.69.77.7710.69.77.77
16810.69.77.78/3110.69.77.78 – 10.69.77.7910.69.77.79
16910.69.77.80/3110.69.77.80 – 10.69.77.8110.69.77.81
17010.69.77.82/3110.69.77.82 – 10.69.77.8310.69.77.83
17110.69.77.84/3110.69.77.84 – 10.69.77.8510.69.77.85
17210.69.77.86/3110.69.77.86 – 10.69.77.8710.69.77.87
17310.69.77.88/3110.69.77.88 – 10.69.77.8910.69.77.89
17410.69.77.90/3110.69.77.90 – 10.69.77.9110.69.77.91
17510.69.77.92/3110.69.77.92 – 10.69.77.9310.69.77.93
17610.69.77.94/3110.69.77.94 – 10.69.77.9510.69.77.95
17710.69.77.96/3110.69.77.96 – 10.69.77.9710.69.77.97
17810.69.77.98/3110.69.77.98 – 10.69.77.9910.69.77.99
17910.69.77.100/3110.69.77.100 – 10.69.77.10110.69.77.101
18010.69.77.102/3110.69.77.102 – 10.69.77.10310.69.77.103
18110.69.77.104/3110.69.77.104 – 10.69.77.10510.69.77.105
18210.69.77.106/3110.69.77.106 – 10.69.77.10710.69.77.107
18310.69.77.108/3110.69.77.108 – 10.69.77.10910.69.77.109
18410.69.77.110/3110.69.77.110 – 10.69.77.11110.69.77.111
18510.69.77.112/3110.69.77.112 – 10.69.77.11310.69.77.113
18610.69.77.114/3110.69.77.114 – 10.69.77.11510.69.77.115
18710.69.77.116/3110.69.77.116 – 10.69.77.11710.69.77.117
18810.69.77.118/3110.69.77.118 – 10.69.77.11910.69.77.119
18910.69.77.120/3110.69.77.120 – 10.69.77.12110.69.77.121
19010.69.77.122/3110.69.77.122 – 10.69.77.12310.69.77.123
19110.69.77.124/3110.69.77.124 – 10.69.77.12510.69.77.125
19210.69.77.126/3110.69.77.126 – 10.69.77.12710.69.77.127
19310.69.77.128/3110.69.77.128 – 10.69.77.12910.69.77.129
19410.69.77.130/3110.69.77.130 – 10.69.77.13110.69.77.131
19510.69.77.132/3110.69.77.132 – 10.69.77.13310.69.77.133
19610.69.77.134/3110.69.77.134 – 10.69.77.13510.69.77.135
19710.69.77.136/3110.69.77.136 – 10.69.77.13710.69.77.137
19810.69.77.138/3110.69.77.138 – 10.69.77.13910.69.77.139
19910.69.77.140/3110.69.77.140 – 10.69.77.14110.69.77.141
20010.69.77.142/3110.69.77.142 – 10.69.77.14310.69.77.143
20110.69.77.144/3110.69.77.144 – 10.69.77.14510.69.77.145
20210.69.77.146/3110.69.77.146 – 10.69.77.14710.69.77.147
20310.69.77.148/3110.69.77.148 – 10.69.77.14910.69.77.149
20410.69.77.150/3110.69.77.150 – 10.69.77.15110.69.77.151
20510.69.77.152/3110.69.77.152 – 10.69.77.15310.69.77.153
20610.69.77.154/3110.69.77.154 – 10.69.77.15510.69.77.155
20710.69.77.156/3110.69.77.156 – 10.69.77.15710.69.77.157
20810.69.77.158/3110.69.77.158 – 10.69.77.15910.69.77.159
20910.69.77.160/3110.69.77.160 – 10.69.77.16110.69.77.161
21010.69.77.162/3110.69.77.162 – 10.69.77.16310.69.77.163
21110.69.77.164/3110.69.77.164 – 10.69.77.16510.69.77.165
21210.69.77.166/3110.69.77.166 – 10.69.77.16710.69.77.167
21310.69.77.168/3110.69.77.168 – 10.69.77.16910.69.77.169
21410.69.77.170/3110.69.77.170 – 10.69.77.17110.69.77.171
21510.69.77.172/3110.69.77.172 – 10.69.77.17310.69.77.173
21610.69.77.174/3110.69.77.174 – 10.69.77.17510.69.77.175
21710.69.77.176/3110.69.77.176 – 10.69.77.17710.69.77.177
21810.69.77.178/3110.69.77.178 – 10.69.77.17910.69.77.179
21910.69.77.180/3110.69.77.180 – 10.69.77.18110.69.77.181
22010.69.77.182/3110.69.77.182 – 10.69.77.18310.69.77.183
22110.69.77.184/3110.69.77.184 – 10.69.77.18510.69.77.185
22210.69.77.186/3110.69.77.186 – 10.69.77.18710.69.77.187
22310.69.77.188/3110.69.77.188 – 10.69.77.18910.69.77.189
22410.69.77.190/3110.69.77.190 – 10.69.77.19110.69.77.191
22510.69.77.192/3110.69.77.192 – 10.69.77.19310.69.77.193
22610.69.77.194/3110.69.77.194 – 10.69.77.19510.69.77.195
22710.69.77.196/3110.69.77.196 – 10.69.77.19710.69.77.197
22810.69.77.198/3110.69.77.198 – 10.69.77.19910.69.77.199
22910.69.77.200/3110.69.77.200 – 10.69.77.20110.69.77.201
23010.69.77.202/3110.69.77.202 – 10.69.77.20310.69.77.203
23110.69.77.204/3110.69.77.204 – 10.69.77.20510.69.77.205
23210.69.77.206/3110.69.77.206 – 10.69.77.20710.69.77.207
23310.69.77.208/3110.69.77.208 – 10.69.77.20910.69.77.209
23410.69.77.210/3110.69.77.210 – 10.69.77.21110.69.77.211
23510.69.77.212/3110.69.77.212 – 10.69.77.21310.69.77.213
23610.69.77.214/3110.69.77.214 – 10.69.77.21510.69.77.215
23710.69.77.216/3110.69.77.216 – 10.69.77.21710.69.77.217
23810.69.77.218/3110.69.77.218 – 10.69.77.21910.69.77.219
23910.69.77.220/3110.69.77.220 – 10.69.77.22110.69.77.221
24010.69.77.222/3110.69.77.222 – 10.69.77.22310.69.77.223
24110.69.77.224/3110.69.77.224 – 10.69.77.22510.69.77.225
24210.69.77.226/3110.69.77.226 – 10.69.77.22710.69.77.227
24310.69.77.228/3110.69.77.228 – 10.69.77.22910.69.77.229
24410.69.77.230/3110.69.77.230 – 10.69.77.23110.69.77.231
24510.69.77.232/3110.69.77.232 – 10.69.77.23310.69.77.233
24610.69.77.234/3110.69.77.234 – 10.69.77.23510.69.77.235
24710.69.77.236/3110.69.77.236 – 10.69.77.23710.69.77.237
24810.69.77.238/3110.69.77.238 – 10.69.77.23910.69.77.239
24910.69.77.240/3110.69.77.240 – 10.69.77.24110.69.77.241
25010.69.77.242/3110.69.77.242 – 10.69.77.24310.69.77.243
25110.69.77.244/3110.69.77.244 – 10.69.77.24510.69.77.245
25210.69.77.246/3110.69.77.246 – 10.69.77.24710.69.77.247
25310.69.77.248/3110.69.77.248 – 10.69.77.24910.69.77.249
25410.69.77.250/3110.69.77.250 – 10.69.77.25110.69.77.251
25510.69.77.252/3110.69.77.252 – 10.69.77.25310.69.77.253
25610.69.77.254/3110.69.77.254 – 10.69.77.25510.69.77.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →