ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.63.72.0/23
network10.63.72.0/23
broadcast10.63.73.255
first host10.63.72.1
last host10.63.73.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.63.72.0/23
address00001010.00111111.01001000.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00111111.01001000.00000000
broadcast00001010.00111111.01001001.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a3f4800
decimal171919360
reverse dns0.72.63.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a3f:4800

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.63.72.0/3110.63.72.0 – 10.63.72.110.63.72.1
210.63.72.2/3110.63.72.2 – 10.63.72.310.63.72.3
310.63.72.4/3110.63.72.4 – 10.63.72.510.63.72.5
410.63.72.6/3110.63.72.6 – 10.63.72.710.63.72.7
510.63.72.8/3110.63.72.8 – 10.63.72.910.63.72.9
610.63.72.10/3110.63.72.10 – 10.63.72.1110.63.72.11
710.63.72.12/3110.63.72.12 – 10.63.72.1310.63.72.13
810.63.72.14/3110.63.72.14 – 10.63.72.1510.63.72.15
910.63.72.16/3110.63.72.16 – 10.63.72.1710.63.72.17
1010.63.72.18/3110.63.72.18 – 10.63.72.1910.63.72.19
1110.63.72.20/3110.63.72.20 – 10.63.72.2110.63.72.21
1210.63.72.22/3110.63.72.22 – 10.63.72.2310.63.72.23
1310.63.72.24/3110.63.72.24 – 10.63.72.2510.63.72.25
1410.63.72.26/3110.63.72.26 – 10.63.72.2710.63.72.27
1510.63.72.28/3110.63.72.28 – 10.63.72.2910.63.72.29
1610.63.72.30/3110.63.72.30 – 10.63.72.3110.63.72.31
1710.63.72.32/3110.63.72.32 – 10.63.72.3310.63.72.33
1810.63.72.34/3110.63.72.34 – 10.63.72.3510.63.72.35
1910.63.72.36/3110.63.72.36 – 10.63.72.3710.63.72.37
2010.63.72.38/3110.63.72.38 – 10.63.72.3910.63.72.39
2110.63.72.40/3110.63.72.40 – 10.63.72.4110.63.72.41
2210.63.72.42/3110.63.72.42 – 10.63.72.4310.63.72.43
2310.63.72.44/3110.63.72.44 – 10.63.72.4510.63.72.45
2410.63.72.46/3110.63.72.46 – 10.63.72.4710.63.72.47
2510.63.72.48/3110.63.72.48 – 10.63.72.4910.63.72.49
2610.63.72.50/3110.63.72.50 – 10.63.72.5110.63.72.51
2710.63.72.52/3110.63.72.52 – 10.63.72.5310.63.72.53
2810.63.72.54/3110.63.72.54 – 10.63.72.5510.63.72.55
2910.63.72.56/3110.63.72.56 – 10.63.72.5710.63.72.57
3010.63.72.58/3110.63.72.58 – 10.63.72.5910.63.72.59
3110.63.72.60/3110.63.72.60 – 10.63.72.6110.63.72.61
3210.63.72.62/3110.63.72.62 – 10.63.72.6310.63.72.63
3310.63.72.64/3110.63.72.64 – 10.63.72.6510.63.72.65
3410.63.72.66/3110.63.72.66 – 10.63.72.6710.63.72.67
3510.63.72.68/3110.63.72.68 – 10.63.72.6910.63.72.69
3610.63.72.70/3110.63.72.70 – 10.63.72.7110.63.72.71
3710.63.72.72/3110.63.72.72 – 10.63.72.7310.63.72.73
3810.63.72.74/3110.63.72.74 – 10.63.72.7510.63.72.75
3910.63.72.76/3110.63.72.76 – 10.63.72.7710.63.72.77
4010.63.72.78/3110.63.72.78 – 10.63.72.7910.63.72.79
4110.63.72.80/3110.63.72.80 – 10.63.72.8110.63.72.81
4210.63.72.82/3110.63.72.82 – 10.63.72.8310.63.72.83
4310.63.72.84/3110.63.72.84 – 10.63.72.8510.63.72.85
4410.63.72.86/3110.63.72.86 – 10.63.72.8710.63.72.87
4510.63.72.88/3110.63.72.88 – 10.63.72.8910.63.72.89
4610.63.72.90/3110.63.72.90 – 10.63.72.9110.63.72.91
4710.63.72.92/3110.63.72.92 – 10.63.72.9310.63.72.93
4810.63.72.94/3110.63.72.94 – 10.63.72.9510.63.72.95
4910.63.72.96/3110.63.72.96 – 10.63.72.9710.63.72.97
5010.63.72.98/3110.63.72.98 – 10.63.72.9910.63.72.99
5110.63.72.100/3110.63.72.100 – 10.63.72.10110.63.72.101
5210.63.72.102/3110.63.72.102 – 10.63.72.10310.63.72.103
5310.63.72.104/3110.63.72.104 – 10.63.72.10510.63.72.105
5410.63.72.106/3110.63.72.106 – 10.63.72.10710.63.72.107
5510.63.72.108/3110.63.72.108 – 10.63.72.10910.63.72.109
5610.63.72.110/3110.63.72.110 – 10.63.72.11110.63.72.111
5710.63.72.112/3110.63.72.112 – 10.63.72.11310.63.72.113
5810.63.72.114/3110.63.72.114 – 10.63.72.11510.63.72.115
5910.63.72.116/3110.63.72.116 – 10.63.72.11710.63.72.117
6010.63.72.118/3110.63.72.118 – 10.63.72.11910.63.72.119
6110.63.72.120/3110.63.72.120 – 10.63.72.12110.63.72.121
6210.63.72.122/3110.63.72.122 – 10.63.72.12310.63.72.123
6310.63.72.124/3110.63.72.124 – 10.63.72.12510.63.72.125
6410.63.72.126/3110.63.72.126 – 10.63.72.12710.63.72.127
6510.63.72.128/3110.63.72.128 – 10.63.72.12910.63.72.129
6610.63.72.130/3110.63.72.130 – 10.63.72.13110.63.72.131
6710.63.72.132/3110.63.72.132 – 10.63.72.13310.63.72.133
6810.63.72.134/3110.63.72.134 – 10.63.72.13510.63.72.135
6910.63.72.136/3110.63.72.136 – 10.63.72.13710.63.72.137
7010.63.72.138/3110.63.72.138 – 10.63.72.13910.63.72.139
7110.63.72.140/3110.63.72.140 – 10.63.72.14110.63.72.141
7210.63.72.142/3110.63.72.142 – 10.63.72.14310.63.72.143
7310.63.72.144/3110.63.72.144 – 10.63.72.14510.63.72.145
7410.63.72.146/3110.63.72.146 – 10.63.72.14710.63.72.147
7510.63.72.148/3110.63.72.148 – 10.63.72.14910.63.72.149
7610.63.72.150/3110.63.72.150 – 10.63.72.15110.63.72.151
7710.63.72.152/3110.63.72.152 – 10.63.72.15310.63.72.153
7810.63.72.154/3110.63.72.154 – 10.63.72.15510.63.72.155
7910.63.72.156/3110.63.72.156 – 10.63.72.15710.63.72.157
8010.63.72.158/3110.63.72.158 – 10.63.72.15910.63.72.159
8110.63.72.160/3110.63.72.160 – 10.63.72.16110.63.72.161
8210.63.72.162/3110.63.72.162 – 10.63.72.16310.63.72.163
8310.63.72.164/3110.63.72.164 – 10.63.72.16510.63.72.165
8410.63.72.166/3110.63.72.166 – 10.63.72.16710.63.72.167
8510.63.72.168/3110.63.72.168 – 10.63.72.16910.63.72.169
8610.63.72.170/3110.63.72.170 – 10.63.72.17110.63.72.171
8710.63.72.172/3110.63.72.172 – 10.63.72.17310.63.72.173
8810.63.72.174/3110.63.72.174 – 10.63.72.17510.63.72.175
8910.63.72.176/3110.63.72.176 – 10.63.72.17710.63.72.177
9010.63.72.178/3110.63.72.178 – 10.63.72.17910.63.72.179
9110.63.72.180/3110.63.72.180 – 10.63.72.18110.63.72.181
9210.63.72.182/3110.63.72.182 – 10.63.72.18310.63.72.183
9310.63.72.184/3110.63.72.184 – 10.63.72.18510.63.72.185
9410.63.72.186/3110.63.72.186 – 10.63.72.18710.63.72.187
9510.63.72.188/3110.63.72.188 – 10.63.72.18910.63.72.189
9610.63.72.190/3110.63.72.190 – 10.63.72.19110.63.72.191
9710.63.72.192/3110.63.72.192 – 10.63.72.19310.63.72.193
9810.63.72.194/3110.63.72.194 – 10.63.72.19510.63.72.195
9910.63.72.196/3110.63.72.196 – 10.63.72.19710.63.72.197
10010.63.72.198/3110.63.72.198 – 10.63.72.19910.63.72.199
10110.63.72.200/3110.63.72.200 – 10.63.72.20110.63.72.201
10210.63.72.202/3110.63.72.202 – 10.63.72.20310.63.72.203
10310.63.72.204/3110.63.72.204 – 10.63.72.20510.63.72.205
10410.63.72.206/3110.63.72.206 – 10.63.72.20710.63.72.207
10510.63.72.208/3110.63.72.208 – 10.63.72.20910.63.72.209
10610.63.72.210/3110.63.72.210 – 10.63.72.21110.63.72.211
10710.63.72.212/3110.63.72.212 – 10.63.72.21310.63.72.213
10810.63.72.214/3110.63.72.214 – 10.63.72.21510.63.72.215
10910.63.72.216/3110.63.72.216 – 10.63.72.21710.63.72.217
11010.63.72.218/3110.63.72.218 – 10.63.72.21910.63.72.219
11110.63.72.220/3110.63.72.220 – 10.63.72.22110.63.72.221
11210.63.72.222/3110.63.72.222 – 10.63.72.22310.63.72.223
11310.63.72.224/3110.63.72.224 – 10.63.72.22510.63.72.225
11410.63.72.226/3110.63.72.226 – 10.63.72.22710.63.72.227
11510.63.72.228/3110.63.72.228 – 10.63.72.22910.63.72.229
11610.63.72.230/3110.63.72.230 – 10.63.72.23110.63.72.231
11710.63.72.232/3110.63.72.232 – 10.63.72.23310.63.72.233
11810.63.72.234/3110.63.72.234 – 10.63.72.23510.63.72.235
11910.63.72.236/3110.63.72.236 – 10.63.72.23710.63.72.237
12010.63.72.238/3110.63.72.238 – 10.63.72.23910.63.72.239
12110.63.72.240/3110.63.72.240 – 10.63.72.24110.63.72.241
12210.63.72.242/3110.63.72.242 – 10.63.72.24310.63.72.243
12310.63.72.244/3110.63.72.244 – 10.63.72.24510.63.72.245
12410.63.72.246/3110.63.72.246 – 10.63.72.24710.63.72.247
12510.63.72.248/3110.63.72.248 – 10.63.72.24910.63.72.249
12610.63.72.250/3110.63.72.250 – 10.63.72.25110.63.72.251
12710.63.72.252/3110.63.72.252 – 10.63.72.25310.63.72.253
12810.63.72.254/3110.63.72.254 – 10.63.72.25510.63.72.255
12910.63.73.0/3110.63.73.0 – 10.63.73.110.63.73.1
13010.63.73.2/3110.63.73.2 – 10.63.73.310.63.73.3
13110.63.73.4/3110.63.73.4 – 10.63.73.510.63.73.5
13210.63.73.6/3110.63.73.6 – 10.63.73.710.63.73.7
13310.63.73.8/3110.63.73.8 – 10.63.73.910.63.73.9
13410.63.73.10/3110.63.73.10 – 10.63.73.1110.63.73.11
13510.63.73.12/3110.63.73.12 – 10.63.73.1310.63.73.13
13610.63.73.14/3110.63.73.14 – 10.63.73.1510.63.73.15
13710.63.73.16/3110.63.73.16 – 10.63.73.1710.63.73.17
13810.63.73.18/3110.63.73.18 – 10.63.73.1910.63.73.19
13910.63.73.20/3110.63.73.20 – 10.63.73.2110.63.73.21
14010.63.73.22/3110.63.73.22 – 10.63.73.2310.63.73.23
14110.63.73.24/3110.63.73.24 – 10.63.73.2510.63.73.25
14210.63.73.26/3110.63.73.26 – 10.63.73.2710.63.73.27
14310.63.73.28/3110.63.73.28 – 10.63.73.2910.63.73.29
14410.63.73.30/3110.63.73.30 – 10.63.73.3110.63.73.31
14510.63.73.32/3110.63.73.32 – 10.63.73.3310.63.73.33
14610.63.73.34/3110.63.73.34 – 10.63.73.3510.63.73.35
14710.63.73.36/3110.63.73.36 – 10.63.73.3710.63.73.37
14810.63.73.38/3110.63.73.38 – 10.63.73.3910.63.73.39
14910.63.73.40/3110.63.73.40 – 10.63.73.4110.63.73.41
15010.63.73.42/3110.63.73.42 – 10.63.73.4310.63.73.43
15110.63.73.44/3110.63.73.44 – 10.63.73.4510.63.73.45
15210.63.73.46/3110.63.73.46 – 10.63.73.4710.63.73.47
15310.63.73.48/3110.63.73.48 – 10.63.73.4910.63.73.49
15410.63.73.50/3110.63.73.50 – 10.63.73.5110.63.73.51
15510.63.73.52/3110.63.73.52 – 10.63.73.5310.63.73.53
15610.63.73.54/3110.63.73.54 – 10.63.73.5510.63.73.55
15710.63.73.56/3110.63.73.56 – 10.63.73.5710.63.73.57
15810.63.73.58/3110.63.73.58 – 10.63.73.5910.63.73.59
15910.63.73.60/3110.63.73.60 – 10.63.73.6110.63.73.61
16010.63.73.62/3110.63.73.62 – 10.63.73.6310.63.73.63
16110.63.73.64/3110.63.73.64 – 10.63.73.6510.63.73.65
16210.63.73.66/3110.63.73.66 – 10.63.73.6710.63.73.67
16310.63.73.68/3110.63.73.68 – 10.63.73.6910.63.73.69
16410.63.73.70/3110.63.73.70 – 10.63.73.7110.63.73.71
16510.63.73.72/3110.63.73.72 – 10.63.73.7310.63.73.73
16610.63.73.74/3110.63.73.74 – 10.63.73.7510.63.73.75
16710.63.73.76/3110.63.73.76 – 10.63.73.7710.63.73.77
16810.63.73.78/3110.63.73.78 – 10.63.73.7910.63.73.79
16910.63.73.80/3110.63.73.80 – 10.63.73.8110.63.73.81
17010.63.73.82/3110.63.73.82 – 10.63.73.8310.63.73.83
17110.63.73.84/3110.63.73.84 – 10.63.73.8510.63.73.85
17210.63.73.86/3110.63.73.86 – 10.63.73.8710.63.73.87
17310.63.73.88/3110.63.73.88 – 10.63.73.8910.63.73.89
17410.63.73.90/3110.63.73.90 – 10.63.73.9110.63.73.91
17510.63.73.92/3110.63.73.92 – 10.63.73.9310.63.73.93
17610.63.73.94/3110.63.73.94 – 10.63.73.9510.63.73.95
17710.63.73.96/3110.63.73.96 – 10.63.73.9710.63.73.97
17810.63.73.98/3110.63.73.98 – 10.63.73.9910.63.73.99
17910.63.73.100/3110.63.73.100 – 10.63.73.10110.63.73.101
18010.63.73.102/3110.63.73.102 – 10.63.73.10310.63.73.103
18110.63.73.104/3110.63.73.104 – 10.63.73.10510.63.73.105
18210.63.73.106/3110.63.73.106 – 10.63.73.10710.63.73.107
18310.63.73.108/3110.63.73.108 – 10.63.73.10910.63.73.109
18410.63.73.110/3110.63.73.110 – 10.63.73.11110.63.73.111
18510.63.73.112/3110.63.73.112 – 10.63.73.11310.63.73.113
18610.63.73.114/3110.63.73.114 – 10.63.73.11510.63.73.115
18710.63.73.116/3110.63.73.116 – 10.63.73.11710.63.73.117
18810.63.73.118/3110.63.73.118 – 10.63.73.11910.63.73.119
18910.63.73.120/3110.63.73.120 – 10.63.73.12110.63.73.121
19010.63.73.122/3110.63.73.122 – 10.63.73.12310.63.73.123
19110.63.73.124/3110.63.73.124 – 10.63.73.12510.63.73.125
19210.63.73.126/3110.63.73.126 – 10.63.73.12710.63.73.127
19310.63.73.128/3110.63.73.128 – 10.63.73.12910.63.73.129
19410.63.73.130/3110.63.73.130 – 10.63.73.13110.63.73.131
19510.63.73.132/3110.63.73.132 – 10.63.73.13310.63.73.133
19610.63.73.134/3110.63.73.134 – 10.63.73.13510.63.73.135
19710.63.73.136/3110.63.73.136 – 10.63.73.13710.63.73.137
19810.63.73.138/3110.63.73.138 – 10.63.73.13910.63.73.139
19910.63.73.140/3110.63.73.140 – 10.63.73.14110.63.73.141
20010.63.73.142/3110.63.73.142 – 10.63.73.14310.63.73.143
20110.63.73.144/3110.63.73.144 – 10.63.73.14510.63.73.145
20210.63.73.146/3110.63.73.146 – 10.63.73.14710.63.73.147
20310.63.73.148/3110.63.73.148 – 10.63.73.14910.63.73.149
20410.63.73.150/3110.63.73.150 – 10.63.73.15110.63.73.151
20510.63.73.152/3110.63.73.152 – 10.63.73.15310.63.73.153
20610.63.73.154/3110.63.73.154 – 10.63.73.15510.63.73.155
20710.63.73.156/3110.63.73.156 – 10.63.73.15710.63.73.157
20810.63.73.158/3110.63.73.158 – 10.63.73.15910.63.73.159
20910.63.73.160/3110.63.73.160 – 10.63.73.16110.63.73.161
21010.63.73.162/3110.63.73.162 – 10.63.73.16310.63.73.163
21110.63.73.164/3110.63.73.164 – 10.63.73.16510.63.73.165
21210.63.73.166/3110.63.73.166 – 10.63.73.16710.63.73.167
21310.63.73.168/3110.63.73.168 – 10.63.73.16910.63.73.169
21410.63.73.170/3110.63.73.170 – 10.63.73.17110.63.73.171
21510.63.73.172/3110.63.73.172 – 10.63.73.17310.63.73.173
21610.63.73.174/3110.63.73.174 – 10.63.73.17510.63.73.175
21710.63.73.176/3110.63.73.176 – 10.63.73.17710.63.73.177
21810.63.73.178/3110.63.73.178 – 10.63.73.17910.63.73.179
21910.63.73.180/3110.63.73.180 – 10.63.73.18110.63.73.181
22010.63.73.182/3110.63.73.182 – 10.63.73.18310.63.73.183
22110.63.73.184/3110.63.73.184 – 10.63.73.18510.63.73.185
22210.63.73.186/3110.63.73.186 – 10.63.73.18710.63.73.187
22310.63.73.188/3110.63.73.188 – 10.63.73.18910.63.73.189
22410.63.73.190/3110.63.73.190 – 10.63.73.19110.63.73.191
22510.63.73.192/3110.63.73.192 – 10.63.73.19310.63.73.193
22610.63.73.194/3110.63.73.194 – 10.63.73.19510.63.73.195
22710.63.73.196/3110.63.73.196 – 10.63.73.19710.63.73.197
22810.63.73.198/3110.63.73.198 – 10.63.73.19910.63.73.199
22910.63.73.200/3110.63.73.200 – 10.63.73.20110.63.73.201
23010.63.73.202/3110.63.73.202 – 10.63.73.20310.63.73.203
23110.63.73.204/3110.63.73.204 – 10.63.73.20510.63.73.205
23210.63.73.206/3110.63.73.206 – 10.63.73.20710.63.73.207
23310.63.73.208/3110.63.73.208 – 10.63.73.20910.63.73.209
23410.63.73.210/3110.63.73.210 – 10.63.73.21110.63.73.211
23510.63.73.212/3110.63.73.212 – 10.63.73.21310.63.73.213
23610.63.73.214/3110.63.73.214 – 10.63.73.21510.63.73.215
23710.63.73.216/3110.63.73.216 – 10.63.73.21710.63.73.217
23810.63.73.218/3110.63.73.218 – 10.63.73.21910.63.73.219
23910.63.73.220/3110.63.73.220 – 10.63.73.22110.63.73.221
24010.63.73.222/3110.63.73.222 – 10.63.73.22310.63.73.223
24110.63.73.224/3110.63.73.224 – 10.63.73.22510.63.73.225
24210.63.73.226/3110.63.73.226 – 10.63.73.22710.63.73.227
24310.63.73.228/3110.63.73.228 – 10.63.73.22910.63.73.229
24410.63.73.230/3110.63.73.230 – 10.63.73.23110.63.73.231
24510.63.73.232/3110.63.73.232 – 10.63.73.23310.63.73.233
24610.63.73.234/3110.63.73.234 – 10.63.73.23510.63.73.235
24710.63.73.236/3110.63.73.236 – 10.63.73.23710.63.73.237
24810.63.73.238/3110.63.73.238 – 10.63.73.23910.63.73.239
24910.63.73.240/3110.63.73.240 – 10.63.73.24110.63.73.241
25010.63.73.242/3110.63.73.242 – 10.63.73.24310.63.73.243
25110.63.73.244/3110.63.73.244 – 10.63.73.24510.63.73.245
25210.63.73.246/3110.63.73.246 – 10.63.73.24710.63.73.247
25310.63.73.248/3110.63.73.248 – 10.63.73.24910.63.73.249
25410.63.73.250/3110.63.73.250 – 10.63.73.25110.63.73.251
25510.63.73.252/3110.63.73.252 – 10.63.73.25310.63.73.253
25610.63.73.254/3110.63.73.254 – 10.63.73.25510.63.73.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →