ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.45.44.0/23
network10.45.44.0/23
broadcast10.45.45.255
first host10.45.44.1
last host10.45.45.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.45.44.0/23
address00001010.00101101.00101100.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00101101.00101100.00000000
broadcast00001010.00101101.00101101.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a2d2c00
decimal170732544
reverse dns0.44.45.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a2d:2c00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.45.44.0/3110.45.44.0 – 10.45.44.110.45.44.1
210.45.44.2/3110.45.44.2 – 10.45.44.310.45.44.3
310.45.44.4/3110.45.44.4 – 10.45.44.510.45.44.5
410.45.44.6/3110.45.44.6 – 10.45.44.710.45.44.7
510.45.44.8/3110.45.44.8 – 10.45.44.910.45.44.9
610.45.44.10/3110.45.44.10 – 10.45.44.1110.45.44.11
710.45.44.12/3110.45.44.12 – 10.45.44.1310.45.44.13
810.45.44.14/3110.45.44.14 – 10.45.44.1510.45.44.15
910.45.44.16/3110.45.44.16 – 10.45.44.1710.45.44.17
1010.45.44.18/3110.45.44.18 – 10.45.44.1910.45.44.19
1110.45.44.20/3110.45.44.20 – 10.45.44.2110.45.44.21
1210.45.44.22/3110.45.44.22 – 10.45.44.2310.45.44.23
1310.45.44.24/3110.45.44.24 – 10.45.44.2510.45.44.25
1410.45.44.26/3110.45.44.26 – 10.45.44.2710.45.44.27
1510.45.44.28/3110.45.44.28 – 10.45.44.2910.45.44.29
1610.45.44.30/3110.45.44.30 – 10.45.44.3110.45.44.31
1710.45.44.32/3110.45.44.32 – 10.45.44.3310.45.44.33
1810.45.44.34/3110.45.44.34 – 10.45.44.3510.45.44.35
1910.45.44.36/3110.45.44.36 – 10.45.44.3710.45.44.37
2010.45.44.38/3110.45.44.38 – 10.45.44.3910.45.44.39
2110.45.44.40/3110.45.44.40 – 10.45.44.4110.45.44.41
2210.45.44.42/3110.45.44.42 – 10.45.44.4310.45.44.43
2310.45.44.44/3110.45.44.44 – 10.45.44.4510.45.44.45
2410.45.44.46/3110.45.44.46 – 10.45.44.4710.45.44.47
2510.45.44.48/3110.45.44.48 – 10.45.44.4910.45.44.49
2610.45.44.50/3110.45.44.50 – 10.45.44.5110.45.44.51
2710.45.44.52/3110.45.44.52 – 10.45.44.5310.45.44.53
2810.45.44.54/3110.45.44.54 – 10.45.44.5510.45.44.55
2910.45.44.56/3110.45.44.56 – 10.45.44.5710.45.44.57
3010.45.44.58/3110.45.44.58 – 10.45.44.5910.45.44.59
3110.45.44.60/3110.45.44.60 – 10.45.44.6110.45.44.61
3210.45.44.62/3110.45.44.62 – 10.45.44.6310.45.44.63
3310.45.44.64/3110.45.44.64 – 10.45.44.6510.45.44.65
3410.45.44.66/3110.45.44.66 – 10.45.44.6710.45.44.67
3510.45.44.68/3110.45.44.68 – 10.45.44.6910.45.44.69
3610.45.44.70/3110.45.44.70 – 10.45.44.7110.45.44.71
3710.45.44.72/3110.45.44.72 – 10.45.44.7310.45.44.73
3810.45.44.74/3110.45.44.74 – 10.45.44.7510.45.44.75
3910.45.44.76/3110.45.44.76 – 10.45.44.7710.45.44.77
4010.45.44.78/3110.45.44.78 – 10.45.44.7910.45.44.79
4110.45.44.80/3110.45.44.80 – 10.45.44.8110.45.44.81
4210.45.44.82/3110.45.44.82 – 10.45.44.8310.45.44.83
4310.45.44.84/3110.45.44.84 – 10.45.44.8510.45.44.85
4410.45.44.86/3110.45.44.86 – 10.45.44.8710.45.44.87
4510.45.44.88/3110.45.44.88 – 10.45.44.8910.45.44.89
4610.45.44.90/3110.45.44.90 – 10.45.44.9110.45.44.91
4710.45.44.92/3110.45.44.92 – 10.45.44.9310.45.44.93
4810.45.44.94/3110.45.44.94 – 10.45.44.9510.45.44.95
4910.45.44.96/3110.45.44.96 – 10.45.44.9710.45.44.97
5010.45.44.98/3110.45.44.98 – 10.45.44.9910.45.44.99
5110.45.44.100/3110.45.44.100 – 10.45.44.10110.45.44.101
5210.45.44.102/3110.45.44.102 – 10.45.44.10310.45.44.103
5310.45.44.104/3110.45.44.104 – 10.45.44.10510.45.44.105
5410.45.44.106/3110.45.44.106 – 10.45.44.10710.45.44.107
5510.45.44.108/3110.45.44.108 – 10.45.44.10910.45.44.109
5610.45.44.110/3110.45.44.110 – 10.45.44.11110.45.44.111
5710.45.44.112/3110.45.44.112 – 10.45.44.11310.45.44.113
5810.45.44.114/3110.45.44.114 – 10.45.44.11510.45.44.115
5910.45.44.116/3110.45.44.116 – 10.45.44.11710.45.44.117
6010.45.44.118/3110.45.44.118 – 10.45.44.11910.45.44.119
6110.45.44.120/3110.45.44.120 – 10.45.44.12110.45.44.121
6210.45.44.122/3110.45.44.122 – 10.45.44.12310.45.44.123
6310.45.44.124/3110.45.44.124 – 10.45.44.12510.45.44.125
6410.45.44.126/3110.45.44.126 – 10.45.44.12710.45.44.127
6510.45.44.128/3110.45.44.128 – 10.45.44.12910.45.44.129
6610.45.44.130/3110.45.44.130 – 10.45.44.13110.45.44.131
6710.45.44.132/3110.45.44.132 – 10.45.44.13310.45.44.133
6810.45.44.134/3110.45.44.134 – 10.45.44.13510.45.44.135
6910.45.44.136/3110.45.44.136 – 10.45.44.13710.45.44.137
7010.45.44.138/3110.45.44.138 – 10.45.44.13910.45.44.139
7110.45.44.140/3110.45.44.140 – 10.45.44.14110.45.44.141
7210.45.44.142/3110.45.44.142 – 10.45.44.14310.45.44.143
7310.45.44.144/3110.45.44.144 – 10.45.44.14510.45.44.145
7410.45.44.146/3110.45.44.146 – 10.45.44.14710.45.44.147
7510.45.44.148/3110.45.44.148 – 10.45.44.14910.45.44.149
7610.45.44.150/3110.45.44.150 – 10.45.44.15110.45.44.151
7710.45.44.152/3110.45.44.152 – 10.45.44.15310.45.44.153
7810.45.44.154/3110.45.44.154 – 10.45.44.15510.45.44.155
7910.45.44.156/3110.45.44.156 – 10.45.44.15710.45.44.157
8010.45.44.158/3110.45.44.158 – 10.45.44.15910.45.44.159
8110.45.44.160/3110.45.44.160 – 10.45.44.16110.45.44.161
8210.45.44.162/3110.45.44.162 – 10.45.44.16310.45.44.163
8310.45.44.164/3110.45.44.164 – 10.45.44.16510.45.44.165
8410.45.44.166/3110.45.44.166 – 10.45.44.16710.45.44.167
8510.45.44.168/3110.45.44.168 – 10.45.44.16910.45.44.169
8610.45.44.170/3110.45.44.170 – 10.45.44.17110.45.44.171
8710.45.44.172/3110.45.44.172 – 10.45.44.17310.45.44.173
8810.45.44.174/3110.45.44.174 – 10.45.44.17510.45.44.175
8910.45.44.176/3110.45.44.176 – 10.45.44.17710.45.44.177
9010.45.44.178/3110.45.44.178 – 10.45.44.17910.45.44.179
9110.45.44.180/3110.45.44.180 – 10.45.44.18110.45.44.181
9210.45.44.182/3110.45.44.182 – 10.45.44.18310.45.44.183
9310.45.44.184/3110.45.44.184 – 10.45.44.18510.45.44.185
9410.45.44.186/3110.45.44.186 – 10.45.44.18710.45.44.187
9510.45.44.188/3110.45.44.188 – 10.45.44.18910.45.44.189
9610.45.44.190/3110.45.44.190 – 10.45.44.19110.45.44.191
9710.45.44.192/3110.45.44.192 – 10.45.44.19310.45.44.193
9810.45.44.194/3110.45.44.194 – 10.45.44.19510.45.44.195
9910.45.44.196/3110.45.44.196 – 10.45.44.19710.45.44.197
10010.45.44.198/3110.45.44.198 – 10.45.44.19910.45.44.199
10110.45.44.200/3110.45.44.200 – 10.45.44.20110.45.44.201
10210.45.44.202/3110.45.44.202 – 10.45.44.20310.45.44.203
10310.45.44.204/3110.45.44.204 – 10.45.44.20510.45.44.205
10410.45.44.206/3110.45.44.206 – 10.45.44.20710.45.44.207
10510.45.44.208/3110.45.44.208 – 10.45.44.20910.45.44.209
10610.45.44.210/3110.45.44.210 – 10.45.44.21110.45.44.211
10710.45.44.212/3110.45.44.212 – 10.45.44.21310.45.44.213
10810.45.44.214/3110.45.44.214 – 10.45.44.21510.45.44.215
10910.45.44.216/3110.45.44.216 – 10.45.44.21710.45.44.217
11010.45.44.218/3110.45.44.218 – 10.45.44.21910.45.44.219
11110.45.44.220/3110.45.44.220 – 10.45.44.22110.45.44.221
11210.45.44.222/3110.45.44.222 – 10.45.44.22310.45.44.223
11310.45.44.224/3110.45.44.224 – 10.45.44.22510.45.44.225
11410.45.44.226/3110.45.44.226 – 10.45.44.22710.45.44.227
11510.45.44.228/3110.45.44.228 – 10.45.44.22910.45.44.229
11610.45.44.230/3110.45.44.230 – 10.45.44.23110.45.44.231
11710.45.44.232/3110.45.44.232 – 10.45.44.23310.45.44.233
11810.45.44.234/3110.45.44.234 – 10.45.44.23510.45.44.235
11910.45.44.236/3110.45.44.236 – 10.45.44.23710.45.44.237
12010.45.44.238/3110.45.44.238 – 10.45.44.23910.45.44.239
12110.45.44.240/3110.45.44.240 – 10.45.44.24110.45.44.241
12210.45.44.242/3110.45.44.242 – 10.45.44.24310.45.44.243
12310.45.44.244/3110.45.44.244 – 10.45.44.24510.45.44.245
12410.45.44.246/3110.45.44.246 – 10.45.44.24710.45.44.247
12510.45.44.248/3110.45.44.248 – 10.45.44.24910.45.44.249
12610.45.44.250/3110.45.44.250 – 10.45.44.25110.45.44.251
12710.45.44.252/3110.45.44.252 – 10.45.44.25310.45.44.253
12810.45.44.254/3110.45.44.254 – 10.45.44.25510.45.44.255
12910.45.45.0/3110.45.45.0 – 10.45.45.110.45.45.1
13010.45.45.2/3110.45.45.2 – 10.45.45.310.45.45.3
13110.45.45.4/3110.45.45.4 – 10.45.45.510.45.45.5
13210.45.45.6/3110.45.45.6 – 10.45.45.710.45.45.7
13310.45.45.8/3110.45.45.8 – 10.45.45.910.45.45.9
13410.45.45.10/3110.45.45.10 – 10.45.45.1110.45.45.11
13510.45.45.12/3110.45.45.12 – 10.45.45.1310.45.45.13
13610.45.45.14/3110.45.45.14 – 10.45.45.1510.45.45.15
13710.45.45.16/3110.45.45.16 – 10.45.45.1710.45.45.17
13810.45.45.18/3110.45.45.18 – 10.45.45.1910.45.45.19
13910.45.45.20/3110.45.45.20 – 10.45.45.2110.45.45.21
14010.45.45.22/3110.45.45.22 – 10.45.45.2310.45.45.23
14110.45.45.24/3110.45.45.24 – 10.45.45.2510.45.45.25
14210.45.45.26/3110.45.45.26 – 10.45.45.2710.45.45.27
14310.45.45.28/3110.45.45.28 – 10.45.45.2910.45.45.29
14410.45.45.30/3110.45.45.30 – 10.45.45.3110.45.45.31
14510.45.45.32/3110.45.45.32 – 10.45.45.3310.45.45.33
14610.45.45.34/3110.45.45.34 – 10.45.45.3510.45.45.35
14710.45.45.36/3110.45.45.36 – 10.45.45.3710.45.45.37
14810.45.45.38/3110.45.45.38 – 10.45.45.3910.45.45.39
14910.45.45.40/3110.45.45.40 – 10.45.45.4110.45.45.41
15010.45.45.42/3110.45.45.42 – 10.45.45.4310.45.45.43
15110.45.45.44/3110.45.45.44 – 10.45.45.4510.45.45.45
15210.45.45.46/3110.45.45.46 – 10.45.45.4710.45.45.47
15310.45.45.48/3110.45.45.48 – 10.45.45.4910.45.45.49
15410.45.45.50/3110.45.45.50 – 10.45.45.5110.45.45.51
15510.45.45.52/3110.45.45.52 – 10.45.45.5310.45.45.53
15610.45.45.54/3110.45.45.54 – 10.45.45.5510.45.45.55
15710.45.45.56/3110.45.45.56 – 10.45.45.5710.45.45.57
15810.45.45.58/3110.45.45.58 – 10.45.45.5910.45.45.59
15910.45.45.60/3110.45.45.60 – 10.45.45.6110.45.45.61
16010.45.45.62/3110.45.45.62 – 10.45.45.6310.45.45.63
16110.45.45.64/3110.45.45.64 – 10.45.45.6510.45.45.65
16210.45.45.66/3110.45.45.66 – 10.45.45.6710.45.45.67
16310.45.45.68/3110.45.45.68 – 10.45.45.6910.45.45.69
16410.45.45.70/3110.45.45.70 – 10.45.45.7110.45.45.71
16510.45.45.72/3110.45.45.72 – 10.45.45.7310.45.45.73
16610.45.45.74/3110.45.45.74 – 10.45.45.7510.45.45.75
16710.45.45.76/3110.45.45.76 – 10.45.45.7710.45.45.77
16810.45.45.78/3110.45.45.78 – 10.45.45.7910.45.45.79
16910.45.45.80/3110.45.45.80 – 10.45.45.8110.45.45.81
17010.45.45.82/3110.45.45.82 – 10.45.45.8310.45.45.83
17110.45.45.84/3110.45.45.84 – 10.45.45.8510.45.45.85
17210.45.45.86/3110.45.45.86 – 10.45.45.8710.45.45.87
17310.45.45.88/3110.45.45.88 – 10.45.45.8910.45.45.89
17410.45.45.90/3110.45.45.90 – 10.45.45.9110.45.45.91
17510.45.45.92/3110.45.45.92 – 10.45.45.9310.45.45.93
17610.45.45.94/3110.45.45.94 – 10.45.45.9510.45.45.95
17710.45.45.96/3110.45.45.96 – 10.45.45.9710.45.45.97
17810.45.45.98/3110.45.45.98 – 10.45.45.9910.45.45.99
17910.45.45.100/3110.45.45.100 – 10.45.45.10110.45.45.101
18010.45.45.102/3110.45.45.102 – 10.45.45.10310.45.45.103
18110.45.45.104/3110.45.45.104 – 10.45.45.10510.45.45.105
18210.45.45.106/3110.45.45.106 – 10.45.45.10710.45.45.107
18310.45.45.108/3110.45.45.108 – 10.45.45.10910.45.45.109
18410.45.45.110/3110.45.45.110 – 10.45.45.11110.45.45.111
18510.45.45.112/3110.45.45.112 – 10.45.45.11310.45.45.113
18610.45.45.114/3110.45.45.114 – 10.45.45.11510.45.45.115
18710.45.45.116/3110.45.45.116 – 10.45.45.11710.45.45.117
18810.45.45.118/3110.45.45.118 – 10.45.45.11910.45.45.119
18910.45.45.120/3110.45.45.120 – 10.45.45.12110.45.45.121
19010.45.45.122/3110.45.45.122 – 10.45.45.12310.45.45.123
19110.45.45.124/3110.45.45.124 – 10.45.45.12510.45.45.125
19210.45.45.126/3110.45.45.126 – 10.45.45.12710.45.45.127
19310.45.45.128/3110.45.45.128 – 10.45.45.12910.45.45.129
19410.45.45.130/3110.45.45.130 – 10.45.45.13110.45.45.131
19510.45.45.132/3110.45.45.132 – 10.45.45.13310.45.45.133
19610.45.45.134/3110.45.45.134 – 10.45.45.13510.45.45.135
19710.45.45.136/3110.45.45.136 – 10.45.45.13710.45.45.137
19810.45.45.138/3110.45.45.138 – 10.45.45.13910.45.45.139
19910.45.45.140/3110.45.45.140 – 10.45.45.14110.45.45.141
20010.45.45.142/3110.45.45.142 – 10.45.45.14310.45.45.143
20110.45.45.144/3110.45.45.144 – 10.45.45.14510.45.45.145
20210.45.45.146/3110.45.45.146 – 10.45.45.14710.45.45.147
20310.45.45.148/3110.45.45.148 – 10.45.45.14910.45.45.149
20410.45.45.150/3110.45.45.150 – 10.45.45.15110.45.45.151
20510.45.45.152/3110.45.45.152 – 10.45.45.15310.45.45.153
20610.45.45.154/3110.45.45.154 – 10.45.45.15510.45.45.155
20710.45.45.156/3110.45.45.156 – 10.45.45.15710.45.45.157
20810.45.45.158/3110.45.45.158 – 10.45.45.15910.45.45.159
20910.45.45.160/3110.45.45.160 – 10.45.45.16110.45.45.161
21010.45.45.162/3110.45.45.162 – 10.45.45.16310.45.45.163
21110.45.45.164/3110.45.45.164 – 10.45.45.16510.45.45.165
21210.45.45.166/3110.45.45.166 – 10.45.45.16710.45.45.167
21310.45.45.168/3110.45.45.168 – 10.45.45.16910.45.45.169
21410.45.45.170/3110.45.45.170 – 10.45.45.17110.45.45.171
21510.45.45.172/3110.45.45.172 – 10.45.45.17310.45.45.173
21610.45.45.174/3110.45.45.174 – 10.45.45.17510.45.45.175
21710.45.45.176/3110.45.45.176 – 10.45.45.17710.45.45.177
21810.45.45.178/3110.45.45.178 – 10.45.45.17910.45.45.179
21910.45.45.180/3110.45.45.180 – 10.45.45.18110.45.45.181
22010.45.45.182/3110.45.45.182 – 10.45.45.18310.45.45.183
22110.45.45.184/3110.45.45.184 – 10.45.45.18510.45.45.185
22210.45.45.186/3110.45.45.186 – 10.45.45.18710.45.45.187
22310.45.45.188/3110.45.45.188 – 10.45.45.18910.45.45.189
22410.45.45.190/3110.45.45.190 – 10.45.45.19110.45.45.191
22510.45.45.192/3110.45.45.192 – 10.45.45.19310.45.45.193
22610.45.45.194/3110.45.45.194 – 10.45.45.19510.45.45.195
22710.45.45.196/3110.45.45.196 – 10.45.45.19710.45.45.197
22810.45.45.198/3110.45.45.198 – 10.45.45.19910.45.45.199
22910.45.45.200/3110.45.45.200 – 10.45.45.20110.45.45.201
23010.45.45.202/3110.45.45.202 – 10.45.45.20310.45.45.203
23110.45.45.204/3110.45.45.204 – 10.45.45.20510.45.45.205
23210.45.45.206/3110.45.45.206 – 10.45.45.20710.45.45.207
23310.45.45.208/3110.45.45.208 – 10.45.45.20910.45.45.209
23410.45.45.210/3110.45.45.210 – 10.45.45.21110.45.45.211
23510.45.45.212/3110.45.45.212 – 10.45.45.21310.45.45.213
23610.45.45.214/3110.45.45.214 – 10.45.45.21510.45.45.215
23710.45.45.216/3110.45.45.216 – 10.45.45.21710.45.45.217
23810.45.45.218/3110.45.45.218 – 10.45.45.21910.45.45.219
23910.45.45.220/3110.45.45.220 – 10.45.45.22110.45.45.221
24010.45.45.222/3110.45.45.222 – 10.45.45.22310.45.45.223
24110.45.45.224/3110.45.45.224 – 10.45.45.22510.45.45.225
24210.45.45.226/3110.45.45.226 – 10.45.45.22710.45.45.227
24310.45.45.228/3110.45.45.228 – 10.45.45.22910.45.45.229
24410.45.45.230/3110.45.45.230 – 10.45.45.23110.45.45.231
24510.45.45.232/3110.45.45.232 – 10.45.45.23310.45.45.233
24610.45.45.234/3110.45.45.234 – 10.45.45.23510.45.45.235
24710.45.45.236/3110.45.45.236 – 10.45.45.23710.45.45.237
24810.45.45.238/3110.45.45.238 – 10.45.45.23910.45.45.239
24910.45.45.240/3110.45.45.240 – 10.45.45.24110.45.45.241
25010.45.45.242/3110.45.45.242 – 10.45.45.24310.45.45.243
25110.45.45.244/3110.45.45.244 – 10.45.45.24510.45.45.245
25210.45.45.246/3110.45.45.246 – 10.45.45.24710.45.45.247
25310.45.45.248/3110.45.45.248 – 10.45.45.24910.45.45.249
25410.45.45.250/3110.45.45.250 – 10.45.45.25110.45.45.251
25510.45.45.252/3110.45.45.252 – 10.45.45.25310.45.45.253
25610.45.45.254/3110.45.45.254 – 10.45.45.25510.45.45.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →