ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.43.2.0/23
network10.43.2.0/23
broadcast10.43.3.255
first host10.43.2.1
last host10.43.3.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.43.2.0/23
address00001010.00101011.00000010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00101011.00000010.00000000
broadcast00001010.00101011.00000011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a2b0200
decimal170590720
reverse dns0.2.43.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a2b:200

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.43.2.0/3110.43.2.0 – 10.43.2.110.43.2.1
210.43.2.2/3110.43.2.2 – 10.43.2.310.43.2.3
310.43.2.4/3110.43.2.4 – 10.43.2.510.43.2.5
410.43.2.6/3110.43.2.6 – 10.43.2.710.43.2.7
510.43.2.8/3110.43.2.8 – 10.43.2.910.43.2.9
610.43.2.10/3110.43.2.10 – 10.43.2.1110.43.2.11
710.43.2.12/3110.43.2.12 – 10.43.2.1310.43.2.13
810.43.2.14/3110.43.2.14 – 10.43.2.1510.43.2.15
910.43.2.16/3110.43.2.16 – 10.43.2.1710.43.2.17
1010.43.2.18/3110.43.2.18 – 10.43.2.1910.43.2.19
1110.43.2.20/3110.43.2.20 – 10.43.2.2110.43.2.21
1210.43.2.22/3110.43.2.22 – 10.43.2.2310.43.2.23
1310.43.2.24/3110.43.2.24 – 10.43.2.2510.43.2.25
1410.43.2.26/3110.43.2.26 – 10.43.2.2710.43.2.27
1510.43.2.28/3110.43.2.28 – 10.43.2.2910.43.2.29
1610.43.2.30/3110.43.2.30 – 10.43.2.3110.43.2.31
1710.43.2.32/3110.43.2.32 – 10.43.2.3310.43.2.33
1810.43.2.34/3110.43.2.34 – 10.43.2.3510.43.2.35
1910.43.2.36/3110.43.2.36 – 10.43.2.3710.43.2.37
2010.43.2.38/3110.43.2.38 – 10.43.2.3910.43.2.39
2110.43.2.40/3110.43.2.40 – 10.43.2.4110.43.2.41
2210.43.2.42/3110.43.2.42 – 10.43.2.4310.43.2.43
2310.43.2.44/3110.43.2.44 – 10.43.2.4510.43.2.45
2410.43.2.46/3110.43.2.46 – 10.43.2.4710.43.2.47
2510.43.2.48/3110.43.2.48 – 10.43.2.4910.43.2.49
2610.43.2.50/3110.43.2.50 – 10.43.2.5110.43.2.51
2710.43.2.52/3110.43.2.52 – 10.43.2.5310.43.2.53
2810.43.2.54/3110.43.2.54 – 10.43.2.5510.43.2.55
2910.43.2.56/3110.43.2.56 – 10.43.2.5710.43.2.57
3010.43.2.58/3110.43.2.58 – 10.43.2.5910.43.2.59
3110.43.2.60/3110.43.2.60 – 10.43.2.6110.43.2.61
3210.43.2.62/3110.43.2.62 – 10.43.2.6310.43.2.63
3310.43.2.64/3110.43.2.64 – 10.43.2.6510.43.2.65
3410.43.2.66/3110.43.2.66 – 10.43.2.6710.43.2.67
3510.43.2.68/3110.43.2.68 – 10.43.2.6910.43.2.69
3610.43.2.70/3110.43.2.70 – 10.43.2.7110.43.2.71
3710.43.2.72/3110.43.2.72 – 10.43.2.7310.43.2.73
3810.43.2.74/3110.43.2.74 – 10.43.2.7510.43.2.75
3910.43.2.76/3110.43.2.76 – 10.43.2.7710.43.2.77
4010.43.2.78/3110.43.2.78 – 10.43.2.7910.43.2.79
4110.43.2.80/3110.43.2.80 – 10.43.2.8110.43.2.81
4210.43.2.82/3110.43.2.82 – 10.43.2.8310.43.2.83
4310.43.2.84/3110.43.2.84 – 10.43.2.8510.43.2.85
4410.43.2.86/3110.43.2.86 – 10.43.2.8710.43.2.87
4510.43.2.88/3110.43.2.88 – 10.43.2.8910.43.2.89
4610.43.2.90/3110.43.2.90 – 10.43.2.9110.43.2.91
4710.43.2.92/3110.43.2.92 – 10.43.2.9310.43.2.93
4810.43.2.94/3110.43.2.94 – 10.43.2.9510.43.2.95
4910.43.2.96/3110.43.2.96 – 10.43.2.9710.43.2.97
5010.43.2.98/3110.43.2.98 – 10.43.2.9910.43.2.99
5110.43.2.100/3110.43.2.100 – 10.43.2.10110.43.2.101
5210.43.2.102/3110.43.2.102 – 10.43.2.10310.43.2.103
5310.43.2.104/3110.43.2.104 – 10.43.2.10510.43.2.105
5410.43.2.106/3110.43.2.106 – 10.43.2.10710.43.2.107
5510.43.2.108/3110.43.2.108 – 10.43.2.10910.43.2.109
5610.43.2.110/3110.43.2.110 – 10.43.2.11110.43.2.111
5710.43.2.112/3110.43.2.112 – 10.43.2.11310.43.2.113
5810.43.2.114/3110.43.2.114 – 10.43.2.11510.43.2.115
5910.43.2.116/3110.43.2.116 – 10.43.2.11710.43.2.117
6010.43.2.118/3110.43.2.118 – 10.43.2.11910.43.2.119
6110.43.2.120/3110.43.2.120 – 10.43.2.12110.43.2.121
6210.43.2.122/3110.43.2.122 – 10.43.2.12310.43.2.123
6310.43.2.124/3110.43.2.124 – 10.43.2.12510.43.2.125
6410.43.2.126/3110.43.2.126 – 10.43.2.12710.43.2.127
6510.43.2.128/3110.43.2.128 – 10.43.2.12910.43.2.129
6610.43.2.130/3110.43.2.130 – 10.43.2.13110.43.2.131
6710.43.2.132/3110.43.2.132 – 10.43.2.13310.43.2.133
6810.43.2.134/3110.43.2.134 – 10.43.2.13510.43.2.135
6910.43.2.136/3110.43.2.136 – 10.43.2.13710.43.2.137
7010.43.2.138/3110.43.2.138 – 10.43.2.13910.43.2.139
7110.43.2.140/3110.43.2.140 – 10.43.2.14110.43.2.141
7210.43.2.142/3110.43.2.142 – 10.43.2.14310.43.2.143
7310.43.2.144/3110.43.2.144 – 10.43.2.14510.43.2.145
7410.43.2.146/3110.43.2.146 – 10.43.2.14710.43.2.147
7510.43.2.148/3110.43.2.148 – 10.43.2.14910.43.2.149
7610.43.2.150/3110.43.2.150 – 10.43.2.15110.43.2.151
7710.43.2.152/3110.43.2.152 – 10.43.2.15310.43.2.153
7810.43.2.154/3110.43.2.154 – 10.43.2.15510.43.2.155
7910.43.2.156/3110.43.2.156 – 10.43.2.15710.43.2.157
8010.43.2.158/3110.43.2.158 – 10.43.2.15910.43.2.159
8110.43.2.160/3110.43.2.160 – 10.43.2.16110.43.2.161
8210.43.2.162/3110.43.2.162 – 10.43.2.16310.43.2.163
8310.43.2.164/3110.43.2.164 – 10.43.2.16510.43.2.165
8410.43.2.166/3110.43.2.166 – 10.43.2.16710.43.2.167
8510.43.2.168/3110.43.2.168 – 10.43.2.16910.43.2.169
8610.43.2.170/3110.43.2.170 – 10.43.2.17110.43.2.171
8710.43.2.172/3110.43.2.172 – 10.43.2.17310.43.2.173
8810.43.2.174/3110.43.2.174 – 10.43.2.17510.43.2.175
8910.43.2.176/3110.43.2.176 – 10.43.2.17710.43.2.177
9010.43.2.178/3110.43.2.178 – 10.43.2.17910.43.2.179
9110.43.2.180/3110.43.2.180 – 10.43.2.18110.43.2.181
9210.43.2.182/3110.43.2.182 – 10.43.2.18310.43.2.183
9310.43.2.184/3110.43.2.184 – 10.43.2.18510.43.2.185
9410.43.2.186/3110.43.2.186 – 10.43.2.18710.43.2.187
9510.43.2.188/3110.43.2.188 – 10.43.2.18910.43.2.189
9610.43.2.190/3110.43.2.190 – 10.43.2.19110.43.2.191
9710.43.2.192/3110.43.2.192 – 10.43.2.19310.43.2.193
9810.43.2.194/3110.43.2.194 – 10.43.2.19510.43.2.195
9910.43.2.196/3110.43.2.196 – 10.43.2.19710.43.2.197
10010.43.2.198/3110.43.2.198 – 10.43.2.19910.43.2.199
10110.43.2.200/3110.43.2.200 – 10.43.2.20110.43.2.201
10210.43.2.202/3110.43.2.202 – 10.43.2.20310.43.2.203
10310.43.2.204/3110.43.2.204 – 10.43.2.20510.43.2.205
10410.43.2.206/3110.43.2.206 – 10.43.2.20710.43.2.207
10510.43.2.208/3110.43.2.208 – 10.43.2.20910.43.2.209
10610.43.2.210/3110.43.2.210 – 10.43.2.21110.43.2.211
10710.43.2.212/3110.43.2.212 – 10.43.2.21310.43.2.213
10810.43.2.214/3110.43.2.214 – 10.43.2.21510.43.2.215
10910.43.2.216/3110.43.2.216 – 10.43.2.21710.43.2.217
11010.43.2.218/3110.43.2.218 – 10.43.2.21910.43.2.219
11110.43.2.220/3110.43.2.220 – 10.43.2.22110.43.2.221
11210.43.2.222/3110.43.2.222 – 10.43.2.22310.43.2.223
11310.43.2.224/3110.43.2.224 – 10.43.2.22510.43.2.225
11410.43.2.226/3110.43.2.226 – 10.43.2.22710.43.2.227
11510.43.2.228/3110.43.2.228 – 10.43.2.22910.43.2.229
11610.43.2.230/3110.43.2.230 – 10.43.2.23110.43.2.231
11710.43.2.232/3110.43.2.232 – 10.43.2.23310.43.2.233
11810.43.2.234/3110.43.2.234 – 10.43.2.23510.43.2.235
11910.43.2.236/3110.43.2.236 – 10.43.2.23710.43.2.237
12010.43.2.238/3110.43.2.238 – 10.43.2.23910.43.2.239
12110.43.2.240/3110.43.2.240 – 10.43.2.24110.43.2.241
12210.43.2.242/3110.43.2.242 – 10.43.2.24310.43.2.243
12310.43.2.244/3110.43.2.244 – 10.43.2.24510.43.2.245
12410.43.2.246/3110.43.2.246 – 10.43.2.24710.43.2.247
12510.43.2.248/3110.43.2.248 – 10.43.2.24910.43.2.249
12610.43.2.250/3110.43.2.250 – 10.43.2.25110.43.2.251
12710.43.2.252/3110.43.2.252 – 10.43.2.25310.43.2.253
12810.43.2.254/3110.43.2.254 – 10.43.2.25510.43.2.255
12910.43.3.0/3110.43.3.0 – 10.43.3.110.43.3.1
13010.43.3.2/3110.43.3.2 – 10.43.3.310.43.3.3
13110.43.3.4/3110.43.3.4 – 10.43.3.510.43.3.5
13210.43.3.6/3110.43.3.6 – 10.43.3.710.43.3.7
13310.43.3.8/3110.43.3.8 – 10.43.3.910.43.3.9
13410.43.3.10/3110.43.3.10 – 10.43.3.1110.43.3.11
13510.43.3.12/3110.43.3.12 – 10.43.3.1310.43.3.13
13610.43.3.14/3110.43.3.14 – 10.43.3.1510.43.3.15
13710.43.3.16/3110.43.3.16 – 10.43.3.1710.43.3.17
13810.43.3.18/3110.43.3.18 – 10.43.3.1910.43.3.19
13910.43.3.20/3110.43.3.20 – 10.43.3.2110.43.3.21
14010.43.3.22/3110.43.3.22 – 10.43.3.2310.43.3.23
14110.43.3.24/3110.43.3.24 – 10.43.3.2510.43.3.25
14210.43.3.26/3110.43.3.26 – 10.43.3.2710.43.3.27
14310.43.3.28/3110.43.3.28 – 10.43.3.2910.43.3.29
14410.43.3.30/3110.43.3.30 – 10.43.3.3110.43.3.31
14510.43.3.32/3110.43.3.32 – 10.43.3.3310.43.3.33
14610.43.3.34/3110.43.3.34 – 10.43.3.3510.43.3.35
14710.43.3.36/3110.43.3.36 – 10.43.3.3710.43.3.37
14810.43.3.38/3110.43.3.38 – 10.43.3.3910.43.3.39
14910.43.3.40/3110.43.3.40 – 10.43.3.4110.43.3.41
15010.43.3.42/3110.43.3.42 – 10.43.3.4310.43.3.43
15110.43.3.44/3110.43.3.44 – 10.43.3.4510.43.3.45
15210.43.3.46/3110.43.3.46 – 10.43.3.4710.43.3.47
15310.43.3.48/3110.43.3.48 – 10.43.3.4910.43.3.49
15410.43.3.50/3110.43.3.50 – 10.43.3.5110.43.3.51
15510.43.3.52/3110.43.3.52 – 10.43.3.5310.43.3.53
15610.43.3.54/3110.43.3.54 – 10.43.3.5510.43.3.55
15710.43.3.56/3110.43.3.56 – 10.43.3.5710.43.3.57
15810.43.3.58/3110.43.3.58 – 10.43.3.5910.43.3.59
15910.43.3.60/3110.43.3.60 – 10.43.3.6110.43.3.61
16010.43.3.62/3110.43.3.62 – 10.43.3.6310.43.3.63
16110.43.3.64/3110.43.3.64 – 10.43.3.6510.43.3.65
16210.43.3.66/3110.43.3.66 – 10.43.3.6710.43.3.67
16310.43.3.68/3110.43.3.68 – 10.43.3.6910.43.3.69
16410.43.3.70/3110.43.3.70 – 10.43.3.7110.43.3.71
16510.43.3.72/3110.43.3.72 – 10.43.3.7310.43.3.73
16610.43.3.74/3110.43.3.74 – 10.43.3.7510.43.3.75
16710.43.3.76/3110.43.3.76 – 10.43.3.7710.43.3.77
16810.43.3.78/3110.43.3.78 – 10.43.3.7910.43.3.79
16910.43.3.80/3110.43.3.80 – 10.43.3.8110.43.3.81
17010.43.3.82/3110.43.3.82 – 10.43.3.8310.43.3.83
17110.43.3.84/3110.43.3.84 – 10.43.3.8510.43.3.85
17210.43.3.86/3110.43.3.86 – 10.43.3.8710.43.3.87
17310.43.3.88/3110.43.3.88 – 10.43.3.8910.43.3.89
17410.43.3.90/3110.43.3.90 – 10.43.3.9110.43.3.91
17510.43.3.92/3110.43.3.92 – 10.43.3.9310.43.3.93
17610.43.3.94/3110.43.3.94 – 10.43.3.9510.43.3.95
17710.43.3.96/3110.43.3.96 – 10.43.3.9710.43.3.97
17810.43.3.98/3110.43.3.98 – 10.43.3.9910.43.3.99
17910.43.3.100/3110.43.3.100 – 10.43.3.10110.43.3.101
18010.43.3.102/3110.43.3.102 – 10.43.3.10310.43.3.103
18110.43.3.104/3110.43.3.104 – 10.43.3.10510.43.3.105
18210.43.3.106/3110.43.3.106 – 10.43.3.10710.43.3.107
18310.43.3.108/3110.43.3.108 – 10.43.3.10910.43.3.109
18410.43.3.110/3110.43.3.110 – 10.43.3.11110.43.3.111
18510.43.3.112/3110.43.3.112 – 10.43.3.11310.43.3.113
18610.43.3.114/3110.43.3.114 – 10.43.3.11510.43.3.115
18710.43.3.116/3110.43.3.116 – 10.43.3.11710.43.3.117
18810.43.3.118/3110.43.3.118 – 10.43.3.11910.43.3.119
18910.43.3.120/3110.43.3.120 – 10.43.3.12110.43.3.121
19010.43.3.122/3110.43.3.122 – 10.43.3.12310.43.3.123
19110.43.3.124/3110.43.3.124 – 10.43.3.12510.43.3.125
19210.43.3.126/3110.43.3.126 – 10.43.3.12710.43.3.127
19310.43.3.128/3110.43.3.128 – 10.43.3.12910.43.3.129
19410.43.3.130/3110.43.3.130 – 10.43.3.13110.43.3.131
19510.43.3.132/3110.43.3.132 – 10.43.3.13310.43.3.133
19610.43.3.134/3110.43.3.134 – 10.43.3.13510.43.3.135
19710.43.3.136/3110.43.3.136 – 10.43.3.13710.43.3.137
19810.43.3.138/3110.43.3.138 – 10.43.3.13910.43.3.139
19910.43.3.140/3110.43.3.140 – 10.43.3.14110.43.3.141
20010.43.3.142/3110.43.3.142 – 10.43.3.14310.43.3.143
20110.43.3.144/3110.43.3.144 – 10.43.3.14510.43.3.145
20210.43.3.146/3110.43.3.146 – 10.43.3.14710.43.3.147
20310.43.3.148/3110.43.3.148 – 10.43.3.14910.43.3.149
20410.43.3.150/3110.43.3.150 – 10.43.3.15110.43.3.151
20510.43.3.152/3110.43.3.152 – 10.43.3.15310.43.3.153
20610.43.3.154/3110.43.3.154 – 10.43.3.15510.43.3.155
20710.43.3.156/3110.43.3.156 – 10.43.3.15710.43.3.157
20810.43.3.158/3110.43.3.158 – 10.43.3.15910.43.3.159
20910.43.3.160/3110.43.3.160 – 10.43.3.16110.43.3.161
21010.43.3.162/3110.43.3.162 – 10.43.3.16310.43.3.163
21110.43.3.164/3110.43.3.164 – 10.43.3.16510.43.3.165
21210.43.3.166/3110.43.3.166 – 10.43.3.16710.43.3.167
21310.43.3.168/3110.43.3.168 – 10.43.3.16910.43.3.169
21410.43.3.170/3110.43.3.170 – 10.43.3.17110.43.3.171
21510.43.3.172/3110.43.3.172 – 10.43.3.17310.43.3.173
21610.43.3.174/3110.43.3.174 – 10.43.3.17510.43.3.175
21710.43.3.176/3110.43.3.176 – 10.43.3.17710.43.3.177
21810.43.3.178/3110.43.3.178 – 10.43.3.17910.43.3.179
21910.43.3.180/3110.43.3.180 – 10.43.3.18110.43.3.181
22010.43.3.182/3110.43.3.182 – 10.43.3.18310.43.3.183
22110.43.3.184/3110.43.3.184 – 10.43.3.18510.43.3.185
22210.43.3.186/3110.43.3.186 – 10.43.3.18710.43.3.187
22310.43.3.188/3110.43.3.188 – 10.43.3.18910.43.3.189
22410.43.3.190/3110.43.3.190 – 10.43.3.19110.43.3.191
22510.43.3.192/3110.43.3.192 – 10.43.3.19310.43.3.193
22610.43.3.194/3110.43.3.194 – 10.43.3.19510.43.3.195
22710.43.3.196/3110.43.3.196 – 10.43.3.19710.43.3.197
22810.43.3.198/3110.43.3.198 – 10.43.3.19910.43.3.199
22910.43.3.200/3110.43.3.200 – 10.43.3.20110.43.3.201
23010.43.3.202/3110.43.3.202 – 10.43.3.20310.43.3.203
23110.43.3.204/3110.43.3.204 – 10.43.3.20510.43.3.205
23210.43.3.206/3110.43.3.206 – 10.43.3.20710.43.3.207
23310.43.3.208/3110.43.3.208 – 10.43.3.20910.43.3.209
23410.43.3.210/3110.43.3.210 – 10.43.3.21110.43.3.211
23510.43.3.212/3110.43.3.212 – 10.43.3.21310.43.3.213
23610.43.3.214/3110.43.3.214 – 10.43.3.21510.43.3.215
23710.43.3.216/3110.43.3.216 – 10.43.3.21710.43.3.217
23810.43.3.218/3110.43.3.218 – 10.43.3.21910.43.3.219
23910.43.3.220/3110.43.3.220 – 10.43.3.22110.43.3.221
24010.43.3.222/3110.43.3.222 – 10.43.3.22310.43.3.223
24110.43.3.224/3110.43.3.224 – 10.43.3.22510.43.3.225
24210.43.3.226/3110.43.3.226 – 10.43.3.22710.43.3.227
24310.43.3.228/3110.43.3.228 – 10.43.3.22910.43.3.229
24410.43.3.230/3110.43.3.230 – 10.43.3.23110.43.3.231
24510.43.3.232/3110.43.3.232 – 10.43.3.23310.43.3.233
24610.43.3.234/3110.43.3.234 – 10.43.3.23510.43.3.235
24710.43.3.236/3110.43.3.236 – 10.43.3.23710.43.3.237
24810.43.3.238/3110.43.3.238 – 10.43.3.23910.43.3.239
24910.43.3.240/3110.43.3.240 – 10.43.3.24110.43.3.241
25010.43.3.242/3110.43.3.242 – 10.43.3.24310.43.3.243
25110.43.3.244/3110.43.3.244 – 10.43.3.24510.43.3.245
25210.43.3.246/3110.43.3.246 – 10.43.3.24710.43.3.247
25310.43.3.248/3110.43.3.248 – 10.43.3.24910.43.3.249
25410.43.3.250/3110.43.3.250 – 10.43.3.25110.43.3.251
25510.43.3.252/3110.43.3.252 – 10.43.3.25310.43.3.253
25610.43.3.254/3110.43.3.254 – 10.43.3.25510.43.3.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →