ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.41.6.0/24
network10.41.6.0/24
broadcast10.41.6.255
first host10.41.6.1
last host10.41.6.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.41.6.0/24
address00001010.00101001.00000110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.00101001.00000110.00000000
broadcast00001010.00101001.00000110.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a290600
decimal170460672
reverse dns0.6.41.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a29:600

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.41.6.0/3210.41.6.0 – 10.41.6.010.41.6.0
210.41.6.1/3210.41.6.1 – 10.41.6.110.41.6.1
310.41.6.2/3210.41.6.2 – 10.41.6.210.41.6.2
410.41.6.3/3210.41.6.3 – 10.41.6.310.41.6.3
510.41.6.4/3210.41.6.4 – 10.41.6.410.41.6.4
610.41.6.5/3210.41.6.5 – 10.41.6.510.41.6.5
710.41.6.6/3210.41.6.6 – 10.41.6.610.41.6.6
810.41.6.7/3210.41.6.7 – 10.41.6.710.41.6.7
910.41.6.8/3210.41.6.8 – 10.41.6.810.41.6.8
1010.41.6.9/3210.41.6.9 – 10.41.6.910.41.6.9
1110.41.6.10/3210.41.6.10 – 10.41.6.1010.41.6.10
1210.41.6.11/3210.41.6.11 – 10.41.6.1110.41.6.11
1310.41.6.12/3210.41.6.12 – 10.41.6.1210.41.6.12
1410.41.6.13/3210.41.6.13 – 10.41.6.1310.41.6.13
1510.41.6.14/3210.41.6.14 – 10.41.6.1410.41.6.14
1610.41.6.15/3210.41.6.15 – 10.41.6.1510.41.6.15
1710.41.6.16/3210.41.6.16 – 10.41.6.1610.41.6.16
1810.41.6.17/3210.41.6.17 – 10.41.6.1710.41.6.17
1910.41.6.18/3210.41.6.18 – 10.41.6.1810.41.6.18
2010.41.6.19/3210.41.6.19 – 10.41.6.1910.41.6.19
2110.41.6.20/3210.41.6.20 – 10.41.6.2010.41.6.20
2210.41.6.21/3210.41.6.21 – 10.41.6.2110.41.6.21
2310.41.6.22/3210.41.6.22 – 10.41.6.2210.41.6.22
2410.41.6.23/3210.41.6.23 – 10.41.6.2310.41.6.23
2510.41.6.24/3210.41.6.24 – 10.41.6.2410.41.6.24
2610.41.6.25/3210.41.6.25 – 10.41.6.2510.41.6.25
2710.41.6.26/3210.41.6.26 – 10.41.6.2610.41.6.26
2810.41.6.27/3210.41.6.27 – 10.41.6.2710.41.6.27
2910.41.6.28/3210.41.6.28 – 10.41.6.2810.41.6.28
3010.41.6.29/3210.41.6.29 – 10.41.6.2910.41.6.29
3110.41.6.30/3210.41.6.30 – 10.41.6.3010.41.6.30
3210.41.6.31/3210.41.6.31 – 10.41.6.3110.41.6.31
3310.41.6.32/3210.41.6.32 – 10.41.6.3210.41.6.32
3410.41.6.33/3210.41.6.33 – 10.41.6.3310.41.6.33
3510.41.6.34/3210.41.6.34 – 10.41.6.3410.41.6.34
3610.41.6.35/3210.41.6.35 – 10.41.6.3510.41.6.35
3710.41.6.36/3210.41.6.36 – 10.41.6.3610.41.6.36
3810.41.6.37/3210.41.6.37 – 10.41.6.3710.41.6.37
3910.41.6.38/3210.41.6.38 – 10.41.6.3810.41.6.38
4010.41.6.39/3210.41.6.39 – 10.41.6.3910.41.6.39
4110.41.6.40/3210.41.6.40 – 10.41.6.4010.41.6.40
4210.41.6.41/3210.41.6.41 – 10.41.6.4110.41.6.41
4310.41.6.42/3210.41.6.42 – 10.41.6.4210.41.6.42
4410.41.6.43/3210.41.6.43 – 10.41.6.4310.41.6.43
4510.41.6.44/3210.41.6.44 – 10.41.6.4410.41.6.44
4610.41.6.45/3210.41.6.45 – 10.41.6.4510.41.6.45
4710.41.6.46/3210.41.6.46 – 10.41.6.4610.41.6.46
4810.41.6.47/3210.41.6.47 – 10.41.6.4710.41.6.47
4910.41.6.48/3210.41.6.48 – 10.41.6.4810.41.6.48
5010.41.6.49/3210.41.6.49 – 10.41.6.4910.41.6.49
5110.41.6.50/3210.41.6.50 – 10.41.6.5010.41.6.50
5210.41.6.51/3210.41.6.51 – 10.41.6.5110.41.6.51
5310.41.6.52/3210.41.6.52 – 10.41.6.5210.41.6.52
5410.41.6.53/3210.41.6.53 – 10.41.6.5310.41.6.53
5510.41.6.54/3210.41.6.54 – 10.41.6.5410.41.6.54
5610.41.6.55/3210.41.6.55 – 10.41.6.5510.41.6.55
5710.41.6.56/3210.41.6.56 – 10.41.6.5610.41.6.56
5810.41.6.57/3210.41.6.57 – 10.41.6.5710.41.6.57
5910.41.6.58/3210.41.6.58 – 10.41.6.5810.41.6.58
6010.41.6.59/3210.41.6.59 – 10.41.6.5910.41.6.59
6110.41.6.60/3210.41.6.60 – 10.41.6.6010.41.6.60
6210.41.6.61/3210.41.6.61 – 10.41.6.6110.41.6.61
6310.41.6.62/3210.41.6.62 – 10.41.6.6210.41.6.62
6410.41.6.63/3210.41.6.63 – 10.41.6.6310.41.6.63
6510.41.6.64/3210.41.6.64 – 10.41.6.6410.41.6.64
6610.41.6.65/3210.41.6.65 – 10.41.6.6510.41.6.65
6710.41.6.66/3210.41.6.66 – 10.41.6.6610.41.6.66
6810.41.6.67/3210.41.6.67 – 10.41.6.6710.41.6.67
6910.41.6.68/3210.41.6.68 – 10.41.6.6810.41.6.68
7010.41.6.69/3210.41.6.69 – 10.41.6.6910.41.6.69
7110.41.6.70/3210.41.6.70 – 10.41.6.7010.41.6.70
7210.41.6.71/3210.41.6.71 – 10.41.6.7110.41.6.71
7310.41.6.72/3210.41.6.72 – 10.41.6.7210.41.6.72
7410.41.6.73/3210.41.6.73 – 10.41.6.7310.41.6.73
7510.41.6.74/3210.41.6.74 – 10.41.6.7410.41.6.74
7610.41.6.75/3210.41.6.75 – 10.41.6.7510.41.6.75
7710.41.6.76/3210.41.6.76 – 10.41.6.7610.41.6.76
7810.41.6.77/3210.41.6.77 – 10.41.6.7710.41.6.77
7910.41.6.78/3210.41.6.78 – 10.41.6.7810.41.6.78
8010.41.6.79/3210.41.6.79 – 10.41.6.7910.41.6.79
8110.41.6.80/3210.41.6.80 – 10.41.6.8010.41.6.80
8210.41.6.81/3210.41.6.81 – 10.41.6.8110.41.6.81
8310.41.6.82/3210.41.6.82 – 10.41.6.8210.41.6.82
8410.41.6.83/3210.41.6.83 – 10.41.6.8310.41.6.83
8510.41.6.84/3210.41.6.84 – 10.41.6.8410.41.6.84
8610.41.6.85/3210.41.6.85 – 10.41.6.8510.41.6.85
8710.41.6.86/3210.41.6.86 – 10.41.6.8610.41.6.86
8810.41.6.87/3210.41.6.87 – 10.41.6.8710.41.6.87
8910.41.6.88/3210.41.6.88 – 10.41.6.8810.41.6.88
9010.41.6.89/3210.41.6.89 – 10.41.6.8910.41.6.89
9110.41.6.90/3210.41.6.90 – 10.41.6.9010.41.6.90
9210.41.6.91/3210.41.6.91 – 10.41.6.9110.41.6.91
9310.41.6.92/3210.41.6.92 – 10.41.6.9210.41.6.92
9410.41.6.93/3210.41.6.93 – 10.41.6.9310.41.6.93
9510.41.6.94/3210.41.6.94 – 10.41.6.9410.41.6.94
9610.41.6.95/3210.41.6.95 – 10.41.6.9510.41.6.95
9710.41.6.96/3210.41.6.96 – 10.41.6.9610.41.6.96
9810.41.6.97/3210.41.6.97 – 10.41.6.9710.41.6.97
9910.41.6.98/3210.41.6.98 – 10.41.6.9810.41.6.98
10010.41.6.99/3210.41.6.99 – 10.41.6.9910.41.6.99
10110.41.6.100/3210.41.6.100 – 10.41.6.10010.41.6.100
10210.41.6.101/3210.41.6.101 – 10.41.6.10110.41.6.101
10310.41.6.102/3210.41.6.102 – 10.41.6.10210.41.6.102
10410.41.6.103/3210.41.6.103 – 10.41.6.10310.41.6.103
10510.41.6.104/3210.41.6.104 – 10.41.6.10410.41.6.104
10610.41.6.105/3210.41.6.105 – 10.41.6.10510.41.6.105
10710.41.6.106/3210.41.6.106 – 10.41.6.10610.41.6.106
10810.41.6.107/3210.41.6.107 – 10.41.6.10710.41.6.107
10910.41.6.108/3210.41.6.108 – 10.41.6.10810.41.6.108
11010.41.6.109/3210.41.6.109 – 10.41.6.10910.41.6.109
11110.41.6.110/3210.41.6.110 – 10.41.6.11010.41.6.110
11210.41.6.111/3210.41.6.111 – 10.41.6.11110.41.6.111
11310.41.6.112/3210.41.6.112 – 10.41.6.11210.41.6.112
11410.41.6.113/3210.41.6.113 – 10.41.6.11310.41.6.113
11510.41.6.114/3210.41.6.114 – 10.41.6.11410.41.6.114
11610.41.6.115/3210.41.6.115 – 10.41.6.11510.41.6.115
11710.41.6.116/3210.41.6.116 – 10.41.6.11610.41.6.116
11810.41.6.117/3210.41.6.117 – 10.41.6.11710.41.6.117
11910.41.6.118/3210.41.6.118 – 10.41.6.11810.41.6.118
12010.41.6.119/3210.41.6.119 – 10.41.6.11910.41.6.119
12110.41.6.120/3210.41.6.120 – 10.41.6.12010.41.6.120
12210.41.6.121/3210.41.6.121 – 10.41.6.12110.41.6.121
12310.41.6.122/3210.41.6.122 – 10.41.6.12210.41.6.122
12410.41.6.123/3210.41.6.123 – 10.41.6.12310.41.6.123
12510.41.6.124/3210.41.6.124 – 10.41.6.12410.41.6.124
12610.41.6.125/3210.41.6.125 – 10.41.6.12510.41.6.125
12710.41.6.126/3210.41.6.126 – 10.41.6.12610.41.6.126
12810.41.6.127/3210.41.6.127 – 10.41.6.12710.41.6.127
12910.41.6.128/3210.41.6.128 – 10.41.6.12810.41.6.128
13010.41.6.129/3210.41.6.129 – 10.41.6.12910.41.6.129
13110.41.6.130/3210.41.6.130 – 10.41.6.13010.41.6.130
13210.41.6.131/3210.41.6.131 – 10.41.6.13110.41.6.131
13310.41.6.132/3210.41.6.132 – 10.41.6.13210.41.6.132
13410.41.6.133/3210.41.6.133 – 10.41.6.13310.41.6.133
13510.41.6.134/3210.41.6.134 – 10.41.6.13410.41.6.134
13610.41.6.135/3210.41.6.135 – 10.41.6.13510.41.6.135
13710.41.6.136/3210.41.6.136 – 10.41.6.13610.41.6.136
13810.41.6.137/3210.41.6.137 – 10.41.6.13710.41.6.137
13910.41.6.138/3210.41.6.138 – 10.41.6.13810.41.6.138
14010.41.6.139/3210.41.6.139 – 10.41.6.13910.41.6.139
14110.41.6.140/3210.41.6.140 – 10.41.6.14010.41.6.140
14210.41.6.141/3210.41.6.141 – 10.41.6.14110.41.6.141
14310.41.6.142/3210.41.6.142 – 10.41.6.14210.41.6.142
14410.41.6.143/3210.41.6.143 – 10.41.6.14310.41.6.143
14510.41.6.144/3210.41.6.144 – 10.41.6.14410.41.6.144
14610.41.6.145/3210.41.6.145 – 10.41.6.14510.41.6.145
14710.41.6.146/3210.41.6.146 – 10.41.6.14610.41.6.146
14810.41.6.147/3210.41.6.147 – 10.41.6.14710.41.6.147
14910.41.6.148/3210.41.6.148 – 10.41.6.14810.41.6.148
15010.41.6.149/3210.41.6.149 – 10.41.6.14910.41.6.149
15110.41.6.150/3210.41.6.150 – 10.41.6.15010.41.6.150
15210.41.6.151/3210.41.6.151 – 10.41.6.15110.41.6.151
15310.41.6.152/3210.41.6.152 – 10.41.6.15210.41.6.152
15410.41.6.153/3210.41.6.153 – 10.41.6.15310.41.6.153
15510.41.6.154/3210.41.6.154 – 10.41.6.15410.41.6.154
15610.41.6.155/3210.41.6.155 – 10.41.6.15510.41.6.155
15710.41.6.156/3210.41.6.156 – 10.41.6.15610.41.6.156
15810.41.6.157/3210.41.6.157 – 10.41.6.15710.41.6.157
15910.41.6.158/3210.41.6.158 – 10.41.6.15810.41.6.158
16010.41.6.159/3210.41.6.159 – 10.41.6.15910.41.6.159
16110.41.6.160/3210.41.6.160 – 10.41.6.16010.41.6.160
16210.41.6.161/3210.41.6.161 – 10.41.6.16110.41.6.161
16310.41.6.162/3210.41.6.162 – 10.41.6.16210.41.6.162
16410.41.6.163/3210.41.6.163 – 10.41.6.16310.41.6.163
16510.41.6.164/3210.41.6.164 – 10.41.6.16410.41.6.164
16610.41.6.165/3210.41.6.165 – 10.41.6.16510.41.6.165
16710.41.6.166/3210.41.6.166 – 10.41.6.16610.41.6.166
16810.41.6.167/3210.41.6.167 – 10.41.6.16710.41.6.167
16910.41.6.168/3210.41.6.168 – 10.41.6.16810.41.6.168
17010.41.6.169/3210.41.6.169 – 10.41.6.16910.41.6.169
17110.41.6.170/3210.41.6.170 – 10.41.6.17010.41.6.170
17210.41.6.171/3210.41.6.171 – 10.41.6.17110.41.6.171
17310.41.6.172/3210.41.6.172 – 10.41.6.17210.41.6.172
17410.41.6.173/3210.41.6.173 – 10.41.6.17310.41.6.173
17510.41.6.174/3210.41.6.174 – 10.41.6.17410.41.6.174
17610.41.6.175/3210.41.6.175 – 10.41.6.17510.41.6.175
17710.41.6.176/3210.41.6.176 – 10.41.6.17610.41.6.176
17810.41.6.177/3210.41.6.177 – 10.41.6.17710.41.6.177
17910.41.6.178/3210.41.6.178 – 10.41.6.17810.41.6.178
18010.41.6.179/3210.41.6.179 – 10.41.6.17910.41.6.179
18110.41.6.180/3210.41.6.180 – 10.41.6.18010.41.6.180
18210.41.6.181/3210.41.6.181 – 10.41.6.18110.41.6.181
18310.41.6.182/3210.41.6.182 – 10.41.6.18210.41.6.182
18410.41.6.183/3210.41.6.183 – 10.41.6.18310.41.6.183
18510.41.6.184/3210.41.6.184 – 10.41.6.18410.41.6.184
18610.41.6.185/3210.41.6.185 – 10.41.6.18510.41.6.185
18710.41.6.186/3210.41.6.186 – 10.41.6.18610.41.6.186
18810.41.6.187/3210.41.6.187 – 10.41.6.18710.41.6.187
18910.41.6.188/3210.41.6.188 – 10.41.6.18810.41.6.188
19010.41.6.189/3210.41.6.189 – 10.41.6.18910.41.6.189
19110.41.6.190/3210.41.6.190 – 10.41.6.19010.41.6.190
19210.41.6.191/3210.41.6.191 – 10.41.6.19110.41.6.191
19310.41.6.192/3210.41.6.192 – 10.41.6.19210.41.6.192
19410.41.6.193/3210.41.6.193 – 10.41.6.19310.41.6.193
19510.41.6.194/3210.41.6.194 – 10.41.6.19410.41.6.194
19610.41.6.195/3210.41.6.195 – 10.41.6.19510.41.6.195
19710.41.6.196/3210.41.6.196 – 10.41.6.19610.41.6.196
19810.41.6.197/3210.41.6.197 – 10.41.6.19710.41.6.197
19910.41.6.198/3210.41.6.198 – 10.41.6.19810.41.6.198
20010.41.6.199/3210.41.6.199 – 10.41.6.19910.41.6.199
20110.41.6.200/3210.41.6.200 – 10.41.6.20010.41.6.200
20210.41.6.201/3210.41.6.201 – 10.41.6.20110.41.6.201
20310.41.6.202/3210.41.6.202 – 10.41.6.20210.41.6.202
20410.41.6.203/3210.41.6.203 – 10.41.6.20310.41.6.203
20510.41.6.204/3210.41.6.204 – 10.41.6.20410.41.6.204
20610.41.6.205/3210.41.6.205 – 10.41.6.20510.41.6.205
20710.41.6.206/3210.41.6.206 – 10.41.6.20610.41.6.206
20810.41.6.207/3210.41.6.207 – 10.41.6.20710.41.6.207
20910.41.6.208/3210.41.6.208 – 10.41.6.20810.41.6.208
21010.41.6.209/3210.41.6.209 – 10.41.6.20910.41.6.209
21110.41.6.210/3210.41.6.210 – 10.41.6.21010.41.6.210
21210.41.6.211/3210.41.6.211 – 10.41.6.21110.41.6.211
21310.41.6.212/3210.41.6.212 – 10.41.6.21210.41.6.212
21410.41.6.213/3210.41.6.213 – 10.41.6.21310.41.6.213
21510.41.6.214/3210.41.6.214 – 10.41.6.21410.41.6.214
21610.41.6.215/3210.41.6.215 – 10.41.6.21510.41.6.215
21710.41.6.216/3210.41.6.216 – 10.41.6.21610.41.6.216
21810.41.6.217/3210.41.6.217 – 10.41.6.21710.41.6.217
21910.41.6.218/3210.41.6.218 – 10.41.6.21810.41.6.218
22010.41.6.219/3210.41.6.219 – 10.41.6.21910.41.6.219
22110.41.6.220/3210.41.6.220 – 10.41.6.22010.41.6.220
22210.41.6.221/3210.41.6.221 – 10.41.6.22110.41.6.221
22310.41.6.222/3210.41.6.222 – 10.41.6.22210.41.6.222
22410.41.6.223/3210.41.6.223 – 10.41.6.22310.41.6.223
22510.41.6.224/3210.41.6.224 – 10.41.6.22410.41.6.224
22610.41.6.225/3210.41.6.225 – 10.41.6.22510.41.6.225
22710.41.6.226/3210.41.6.226 – 10.41.6.22610.41.6.226
22810.41.6.227/3210.41.6.227 – 10.41.6.22710.41.6.227
22910.41.6.228/3210.41.6.228 – 10.41.6.22810.41.6.228
23010.41.6.229/3210.41.6.229 – 10.41.6.22910.41.6.229
23110.41.6.230/3210.41.6.230 – 10.41.6.23010.41.6.230
23210.41.6.231/3210.41.6.231 – 10.41.6.23110.41.6.231
23310.41.6.232/3210.41.6.232 – 10.41.6.23210.41.6.232
23410.41.6.233/3210.41.6.233 – 10.41.6.23310.41.6.233
23510.41.6.234/3210.41.6.234 – 10.41.6.23410.41.6.234
23610.41.6.235/3210.41.6.235 – 10.41.6.23510.41.6.235
23710.41.6.236/3210.41.6.236 – 10.41.6.23610.41.6.236
23810.41.6.237/3210.41.6.237 – 10.41.6.23710.41.6.237
23910.41.6.238/3210.41.6.238 – 10.41.6.23810.41.6.238
24010.41.6.239/3210.41.6.239 – 10.41.6.23910.41.6.239
24110.41.6.240/3210.41.6.240 – 10.41.6.24010.41.6.240
24210.41.6.241/3210.41.6.241 – 10.41.6.24110.41.6.241
24310.41.6.242/3210.41.6.242 – 10.41.6.24210.41.6.242
24410.41.6.243/3210.41.6.243 – 10.41.6.24310.41.6.243
24510.41.6.244/3210.41.6.244 – 10.41.6.24410.41.6.244
24610.41.6.245/3210.41.6.245 – 10.41.6.24510.41.6.245
24710.41.6.246/3210.41.6.246 – 10.41.6.24610.41.6.246
24810.41.6.247/3210.41.6.247 – 10.41.6.24710.41.6.247
24910.41.6.248/3210.41.6.248 – 10.41.6.24810.41.6.248
25010.41.6.249/3210.41.6.249 – 10.41.6.24910.41.6.249
25110.41.6.250/3210.41.6.250 – 10.41.6.25010.41.6.250
25210.41.6.251/3210.41.6.251 – 10.41.6.25110.41.6.251
25310.41.6.252/3210.41.6.252 – 10.41.6.25210.41.6.252
25410.41.6.253/3210.41.6.253 – 10.41.6.25310.41.6.253
25510.41.6.254/3210.41.6.254 – 10.41.6.25410.41.6.254
25610.41.6.255/3210.41.6.255 – 10.41.6.25510.41.6.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →