ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.4.90.0/23
network10.4.90.0/23
broadcast10.4.91.255
first host10.4.90.1
last host10.4.91.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.4.90.0/23
address00001010.00000100.01011010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000100.01011010.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000100.01011011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a045a00
decimal168057344
reverse dns0.90.4.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a04:5a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.4.90.0/3110.4.90.0 – 10.4.90.110.4.90.1
210.4.90.2/3110.4.90.2 – 10.4.90.310.4.90.3
310.4.90.4/3110.4.90.4 – 10.4.90.510.4.90.5
410.4.90.6/3110.4.90.6 – 10.4.90.710.4.90.7
510.4.90.8/3110.4.90.8 – 10.4.90.910.4.90.9
610.4.90.10/3110.4.90.10 – 10.4.90.1110.4.90.11
710.4.90.12/3110.4.90.12 – 10.4.90.1310.4.90.13
810.4.90.14/3110.4.90.14 – 10.4.90.1510.4.90.15
910.4.90.16/3110.4.90.16 – 10.4.90.1710.4.90.17
1010.4.90.18/3110.4.90.18 – 10.4.90.1910.4.90.19
1110.4.90.20/3110.4.90.20 – 10.4.90.2110.4.90.21
1210.4.90.22/3110.4.90.22 – 10.4.90.2310.4.90.23
1310.4.90.24/3110.4.90.24 – 10.4.90.2510.4.90.25
1410.4.90.26/3110.4.90.26 – 10.4.90.2710.4.90.27
1510.4.90.28/3110.4.90.28 – 10.4.90.2910.4.90.29
1610.4.90.30/3110.4.90.30 – 10.4.90.3110.4.90.31
1710.4.90.32/3110.4.90.32 – 10.4.90.3310.4.90.33
1810.4.90.34/3110.4.90.34 – 10.4.90.3510.4.90.35
1910.4.90.36/3110.4.90.36 – 10.4.90.3710.4.90.37
2010.4.90.38/3110.4.90.38 – 10.4.90.3910.4.90.39
2110.4.90.40/3110.4.90.40 – 10.4.90.4110.4.90.41
2210.4.90.42/3110.4.90.42 – 10.4.90.4310.4.90.43
2310.4.90.44/3110.4.90.44 – 10.4.90.4510.4.90.45
2410.4.90.46/3110.4.90.46 – 10.4.90.4710.4.90.47
2510.4.90.48/3110.4.90.48 – 10.4.90.4910.4.90.49
2610.4.90.50/3110.4.90.50 – 10.4.90.5110.4.90.51
2710.4.90.52/3110.4.90.52 – 10.4.90.5310.4.90.53
2810.4.90.54/3110.4.90.54 – 10.4.90.5510.4.90.55
2910.4.90.56/3110.4.90.56 – 10.4.90.5710.4.90.57
3010.4.90.58/3110.4.90.58 – 10.4.90.5910.4.90.59
3110.4.90.60/3110.4.90.60 – 10.4.90.6110.4.90.61
3210.4.90.62/3110.4.90.62 – 10.4.90.6310.4.90.63
3310.4.90.64/3110.4.90.64 – 10.4.90.6510.4.90.65
3410.4.90.66/3110.4.90.66 – 10.4.90.6710.4.90.67
3510.4.90.68/3110.4.90.68 – 10.4.90.6910.4.90.69
3610.4.90.70/3110.4.90.70 – 10.4.90.7110.4.90.71
3710.4.90.72/3110.4.90.72 – 10.4.90.7310.4.90.73
3810.4.90.74/3110.4.90.74 – 10.4.90.7510.4.90.75
3910.4.90.76/3110.4.90.76 – 10.4.90.7710.4.90.77
4010.4.90.78/3110.4.90.78 – 10.4.90.7910.4.90.79
4110.4.90.80/3110.4.90.80 – 10.4.90.8110.4.90.81
4210.4.90.82/3110.4.90.82 – 10.4.90.8310.4.90.83
4310.4.90.84/3110.4.90.84 – 10.4.90.8510.4.90.85
4410.4.90.86/3110.4.90.86 – 10.4.90.8710.4.90.87
4510.4.90.88/3110.4.90.88 – 10.4.90.8910.4.90.89
4610.4.90.90/3110.4.90.90 – 10.4.90.9110.4.90.91
4710.4.90.92/3110.4.90.92 – 10.4.90.9310.4.90.93
4810.4.90.94/3110.4.90.94 – 10.4.90.9510.4.90.95
4910.4.90.96/3110.4.90.96 – 10.4.90.9710.4.90.97
5010.4.90.98/3110.4.90.98 – 10.4.90.9910.4.90.99
5110.4.90.100/3110.4.90.100 – 10.4.90.10110.4.90.101
5210.4.90.102/3110.4.90.102 – 10.4.90.10310.4.90.103
5310.4.90.104/3110.4.90.104 – 10.4.90.10510.4.90.105
5410.4.90.106/3110.4.90.106 – 10.4.90.10710.4.90.107
5510.4.90.108/3110.4.90.108 – 10.4.90.10910.4.90.109
5610.4.90.110/3110.4.90.110 – 10.4.90.11110.4.90.111
5710.4.90.112/3110.4.90.112 – 10.4.90.11310.4.90.113
5810.4.90.114/3110.4.90.114 – 10.4.90.11510.4.90.115
5910.4.90.116/3110.4.90.116 – 10.4.90.11710.4.90.117
6010.4.90.118/3110.4.90.118 – 10.4.90.11910.4.90.119
6110.4.90.120/3110.4.90.120 – 10.4.90.12110.4.90.121
6210.4.90.122/3110.4.90.122 – 10.4.90.12310.4.90.123
6310.4.90.124/3110.4.90.124 – 10.4.90.12510.4.90.125
6410.4.90.126/3110.4.90.126 – 10.4.90.12710.4.90.127
6510.4.90.128/3110.4.90.128 – 10.4.90.12910.4.90.129
6610.4.90.130/3110.4.90.130 – 10.4.90.13110.4.90.131
6710.4.90.132/3110.4.90.132 – 10.4.90.13310.4.90.133
6810.4.90.134/3110.4.90.134 – 10.4.90.13510.4.90.135
6910.4.90.136/3110.4.90.136 – 10.4.90.13710.4.90.137
7010.4.90.138/3110.4.90.138 – 10.4.90.13910.4.90.139
7110.4.90.140/3110.4.90.140 – 10.4.90.14110.4.90.141
7210.4.90.142/3110.4.90.142 – 10.4.90.14310.4.90.143
7310.4.90.144/3110.4.90.144 – 10.4.90.14510.4.90.145
7410.4.90.146/3110.4.90.146 – 10.4.90.14710.4.90.147
7510.4.90.148/3110.4.90.148 – 10.4.90.14910.4.90.149
7610.4.90.150/3110.4.90.150 – 10.4.90.15110.4.90.151
7710.4.90.152/3110.4.90.152 – 10.4.90.15310.4.90.153
7810.4.90.154/3110.4.90.154 – 10.4.90.15510.4.90.155
7910.4.90.156/3110.4.90.156 – 10.4.90.15710.4.90.157
8010.4.90.158/3110.4.90.158 – 10.4.90.15910.4.90.159
8110.4.90.160/3110.4.90.160 – 10.4.90.16110.4.90.161
8210.4.90.162/3110.4.90.162 – 10.4.90.16310.4.90.163
8310.4.90.164/3110.4.90.164 – 10.4.90.16510.4.90.165
8410.4.90.166/3110.4.90.166 – 10.4.90.16710.4.90.167
8510.4.90.168/3110.4.90.168 – 10.4.90.16910.4.90.169
8610.4.90.170/3110.4.90.170 – 10.4.90.17110.4.90.171
8710.4.90.172/3110.4.90.172 – 10.4.90.17310.4.90.173
8810.4.90.174/3110.4.90.174 – 10.4.90.17510.4.90.175
8910.4.90.176/3110.4.90.176 – 10.4.90.17710.4.90.177
9010.4.90.178/3110.4.90.178 – 10.4.90.17910.4.90.179
9110.4.90.180/3110.4.90.180 – 10.4.90.18110.4.90.181
9210.4.90.182/3110.4.90.182 – 10.4.90.18310.4.90.183
9310.4.90.184/3110.4.90.184 – 10.4.90.18510.4.90.185
9410.4.90.186/3110.4.90.186 – 10.4.90.18710.4.90.187
9510.4.90.188/3110.4.90.188 – 10.4.90.18910.4.90.189
9610.4.90.190/3110.4.90.190 – 10.4.90.19110.4.90.191
9710.4.90.192/3110.4.90.192 – 10.4.90.19310.4.90.193
9810.4.90.194/3110.4.90.194 – 10.4.90.19510.4.90.195
9910.4.90.196/3110.4.90.196 – 10.4.90.19710.4.90.197
10010.4.90.198/3110.4.90.198 – 10.4.90.19910.4.90.199
10110.4.90.200/3110.4.90.200 – 10.4.90.20110.4.90.201
10210.4.90.202/3110.4.90.202 – 10.4.90.20310.4.90.203
10310.4.90.204/3110.4.90.204 – 10.4.90.20510.4.90.205
10410.4.90.206/3110.4.90.206 – 10.4.90.20710.4.90.207
10510.4.90.208/3110.4.90.208 – 10.4.90.20910.4.90.209
10610.4.90.210/3110.4.90.210 – 10.4.90.21110.4.90.211
10710.4.90.212/3110.4.90.212 – 10.4.90.21310.4.90.213
10810.4.90.214/3110.4.90.214 – 10.4.90.21510.4.90.215
10910.4.90.216/3110.4.90.216 – 10.4.90.21710.4.90.217
11010.4.90.218/3110.4.90.218 – 10.4.90.21910.4.90.219
11110.4.90.220/3110.4.90.220 – 10.4.90.22110.4.90.221
11210.4.90.222/3110.4.90.222 – 10.4.90.22310.4.90.223
11310.4.90.224/3110.4.90.224 – 10.4.90.22510.4.90.225
11410.4.90.226/3110.4.90.226 – 10.4.90.22710.4.90.227
11510.4.90.228/3110.4.90.228 – 10.4.90.22910.4.90.229
11610.4.90.230/3110.4.90.230 – 10.4.90.23110.4.90.231
11710.4.90.232/3110.4.90.232 – 10.4.90.23310.4.90.233
11810.4.90.234/3110.4.90.234 – 10.4.90.23510.4.90.235
11910.4.90.236/3110.4.90.236 – 10.4.90.23710.4.90.237
12010.4.90.238/3110.4.90.238 – 10.4.90.23910.4.90.239
12110.4.90.240/3110.4.90.240 – 10.4.90.24110.4.90.241
12210.4.90.242/3110.4.90.242 – 10.4.90.24310.4.90.243
12310.4.90.244/3110.4.90.244 – 10.4.90.24510.4.90.245
12410.4.90.246/3110.4.90.246 – 10.4.90.24710.4.90.247
12510.4.90.248/3110.4.90.248 – 10.4.90.24910.4.90.249
12610.4.90.250/3110.4.90.250 – 10.4.90.25110.4.90.251
12710.4.90.252/3110.4.90.252 – 10.4.90.25310.4.90.253
12810.4.90.254/3110.4.90.254 – 10.4.90.25510.4.90.255
12910.4.91.0/3110.4.91.0 – 10.4.91.110.4.91.1
13010.4.91.2/3110.4.91.2 – 10.4.91.310.4.91.3
13110.4.91.4/3110.4.91.4 – 10.4.91.510.4.91.5
13210.4.91.6/3110.4.91.6 – 10.4.91.710.4.91.7
13310.4.91.8/3110.4.91.8 – 10.4.91.910.4.91.9
13410.4.91.10/3110.4.91.10 – 10.4.91.1110.4.91.11
13510.4.91.12/3110.4.91.12 – 10.4.91.1310.4.91.13
13610.4.91.14/3110.4.91.14 – 10.4.91.1510.4.91.15
13710.4.91.16/3110.4.91.16 – 10.4.91.1710.4.91.17
13810.4.91.18/3110.4.91.18 – 10.4.91.1910.4.91.19
13910.4.91.20/3110.4.91.20 – 10.4.91.2110.4.91.21
14010.4.91.22/3110.4.91.22 – 10.4.91.2310.4.91.23
14110.4.91.24/3110.4.91.24 – 10.4.91.2510.4.91.25
14210.4.91.26/3110.4.91.26 – 10.4.91.2710.4.91.27
14310.4.91.28/3110.4.91.28 – 10.4.91.2910.4.91.29
14410.4.91.30/3110.4.91.30 – 10.4.91.3110.4.91.31
14510.4.91.32/3110.4.91.32 – 10.4.91.3310.4.91.33
14610.4.91.34/3110.4.91.34 – 10.4.91.3510.4.91.35
14710.4.91.36/3110.4.91.36 – 10.4.91.3710.4.91.37
14810.4.91.38/3110.4.91.38 – 10.4.91.3910.4.91.39
14910.4.91.40/3110.4.91.40 – 10.4.91.4110.4.91.41
15010.4.91.42/3110.4.91.42 – 10.4.91.4310.4.91.43
15110.4.91.44/3110.4.91.44 – 10.4.91.4510.4.91.45
15210.4.91.46/3110.4.91.46 – 10.4.91.4710.4.91.47
15310.4.91.48/3110.4.91.48 – 10.4.91.4910.4.91.49
15410.4.91.50/3110.4.91.50 – 10.4.91.5110.4.91.51
15510.4.91.52/3110.4.91.52 – 10.4.91.5310.4.91.53
15610.4.91.54/3110.4.91.54 – 10.4.91.5510.4.91.55
15710.4.91.56/3110.4.91.56 – 10.4.91.5710.4.91.57
15810.4.91.58/3110.4.91.58 – 10.4.91.5910.4.91.59
15910.4.91.60/3110.4.91.60 – 10.4.91.6110.4.91.61
16010.4.91.62/3110.4.91.62 – 10.4.91.6310.4.91.63
16110.4.91.64/3110.4.91.64 – 10.4.91.6510.4.91.65
16210.4.91.66/3110.4.91.66 – 10.4.91.6710.4.91.67
16310.4.91.68/3110.4.91.68 – 10.4.91.6910.4.91.69
16410.4.91.70/3110.4.91.70 – 10.4.91.7110.4.91.71
16510.4.91.72/3110.4.91.72 – 10.4.91.7310.4.91.73
16610.4.91.74/3110.4.91.74 – 10.4.91.7510.4.91.75
16710.4.91.76/3110.4.91.76 – 10.4.91.7710.4.91.77
16810.4.91.78/3110.4.91.78 – 10.4.91.7910.4.91.79
16910.4.91.80/3110.4.91.80 – 10.4.91.8110.4.91.81
17010.4.91.82/3110.4.91.82 – 10.4.91.8310.4.91.83
17110.4.91.84/3110.4.91.84 – 10.4.91.8510.4.91.85
17210.4.91.86/3110.4.91.86 – 10.4.91.8710.4.91.87
17310.4.91.88/3110.4.91.88 – 10.4.91.8910.4.91.89
17410.4.91.90/3110.4.91.90 – 10.4.91.9110.4.91.91
17510.4.91.92/3110.4.91.92 – 10.4.91.9310.4.91.93
17610.4.91.94/3110.4.91.94 – 10.4.91.9510.4.91.95
17710.4.91.96/3110.4.91.96 – 10.4.91.9710.4.91.97
17810.4.91.98/3110.4.91.98 – 10.4.91.9910.4.91.99
17910.4.91.100/3110.4.91.100 – 10.4.91.10110.4.91.101
18010.4.91.102/3110.4.91.102 – 10.4.91.10310.4.91.103
18110.4.91.104/3110.4.91.104 – 10.4.91.10510.4.91.105
18210.4.91.106/3110.4.91.106 – 10.4.91.10710.4.91.107
18310.4.91.108/3110.4.91.108 – 10.4.91.10910.4.91.109
18410.4.91.110/3110.4.91.110 – 10.4.91.11110.4.91.111
18510.4.91.112/3110.4.91.112 – 10.4.91.11310.4.91.113
18610.4.91.114/3110.4.91.114 – 10.4.91.11510.4.91.115
18710.4.91.116/3110.4.91.116 – 10.4.91.11710.4.91.117
18810.4.91.118/3110.4.91.118 – 10.4.91.11910.4.91.119
18910.4.91.120/3110.4.91.120 – 10.4.91.12110.4.91.121
19010.4.91.122/3110.4.91.122 – 10.4.91.12310.4.91.123
19110.4.91.124/3110.4.91.124 – 10.4.91.12510.4.91.125
19210.4.91.126/3110.4.91.126 – 10.4.91.12710.4.91.127
19310.4.91.128/3110.4.91.128 – 10.4.91.12910.4.91.129
19410.4.91.130/3110.4.91.130 – 10.4.91.13110.4.91.131
19510.4.91.132/3110.4.91.132 – 10.4.91.13310.4.91.133
19610.4.91.134/3110.4.91.134 – 10.4.91.13510.4.91.135
19710.4.91.136/3110.4.91.136 – 10.4.91.13710.4.91.137
19810.4.91.138/3110.4.91.138 – 10.4.91.13910.4.91.139
19910.4.91.140/3110.4.91.140 – 10.4.91.14110.4.91.141
20010.4.91.142/3110.4.91.142 – 10.4.91.14310.4.91.143
20110.4.91.144/3110.4.91.144 – 10.4.91.14510.4.91.145
20210.4.91.146/3110.4.91.146 – 10.4.91.14710.4.91.147
20310.4.91.148/3110.4.91.148 – 10.4.91.14910.4.91.149
20410.4.91.150/3110.4.91.150 – 10.4.91.15110.4.91.151
20510.4.91.152/3110.4.91.152 – 10.4.91.15310.4.91.153
20610.4.91.154/3110.4.91.154 – 10.4.91.15510.4.91.155
20710.4.91.156/3110.4.91.156 – 10.4.91.15710.4.91.157
20810.4.91.158/3110.4.91.158 – 10.4.91.15910.4.91.159
20910.4.91.160/3110.4.91.160 – 10.4.91.16110.4.91.161
21010.4.91.162/3110.4.91.162 – 10.4.91.16310.4.91.163
21110.4.91.164/3110.4.91.164 – 10.4.91.16510.4.91.165
21210.4.91.166/3110.4.91.166 – 10.4.91.16710.4.91.167
21310.4.91.168/3110.4.91.168 – 10.4.91.16910.4.91.169
21410.4.91.170/3110.4.91.170 – 10.4.91.17110.4.91.171
21510.4.91.172/3110.4.91.172 – 10.4.91.17310.4.91.173
21610.4.91.174/3110.4.91.174 – 10.4.91.17510.4.91.175
21710.4.91.176/3110.4.91.176 – 10.4.91.17710.4.91.177
21810.4.91.178/3110.4.91.178 – 10.4.91.17910.4.91.179
21910.4.91.180/3110.4.91.180 – 10.4.91.18110.4.91.181
22010.4.91.182/3110.4.91.182 – 10.4.91.18310.4.91.183
22110.4.91.184/3110.4.91.184 – 10.4.91.18510.4.91.185
22210.4.91.186/3110.4.91.186 – 10.4.91.18710.4.91.187
22310.4.91.188/3110.4.91.188 – 10.4.91.18910.4.91.189
22410.4.91.190/3110.4.91.190 – 10.4.91.19110.4.91.191
22510.4.91.192/3110.4.91.192 – 10.4.91.19310.4.91.193
22610.4.91.194/3110.4.91.194 – 10.4.91.19510.4.91.195
22710.4.91.196/3110.4.91.196 – 10.4.91.19710.4.91.197
22810.4.91.198/3110.4.91.198 – 10.4.91.19910.4.91.199
22910.4.91.200/3110.4.91.200 – 10.4.91.20110.4.91.201
23010.4.91.202/3110.4.91.202 – 10.4.91.20310.4.91.203
23110.4.91.204/3110.4.91.204 – 10.4.91.20510.4.91.205
23210.4.91.206/3110.4.91.206 – 10.4.91.20710.4.91.207
23310.4.91.208/3110.4.91.208 – 10.4.91.20910.4.91.209
23410.4.91.210/3110.4.91.210 – 10.4.91.21110.4.91.211
23510.4.91.212/3110.4.91.212 – 10.4.91.21310.4.91.213
23610.4.91.214/3110.4.91.214 – 10.4.91.21510.4.91.215
23710.4.91.216/3110.4.91.216 – 10.4.91.21710.4.91.217
23810.4.91.218/3110.4.91.218 – 10.4.91.21910.4.91.219
23910.4.91.220/3110.4.91.220 – 10.4.91.22110.4.91.221
24010.4.91.222/3110.4.91.222 – 10.4.91.22310.4.91.223
24110.4.91.224/3110.4.91.224 – 10.4.91.22510.4.91.225
24210.4.91.226/3110.4.91.226 – 10.4.91.22710.4.91.227
24310.4.91.228/3110.4.91.228 – 10.4.91.22910.4.91.229
24410.4.91.230/3110.4.91.230 – 10.4.91.23110.4.91.231
24510.4.91.232/3110.4.91.232 – 10.4.91.23310.4.91.233
24610.4.91.234/3110.4.91.234 – 10.4.91.23510.4.91.235
24710.4.91.236/3110.4.91.236 – 10.4.91.23710.4.91.237
24810.4.91.238/3110.4.91.238 – 10.4.91.23910.4.91.239
24910.4.91.240/3110.4.91.240 – 10.4.91.24110.4.91.241
25010.4.91.242/3110.4.91.242 – 10.4.91.24310.4.91.243
25110.4.91.244/3110.4.91.244 – 10.4.91.24510.4.91.245
25210.4.91.246/3110.4.91.246 – 10.4.91.24710.4.91.247
25310.4.91.248/3110.4.91.248 – 10.4.91.24910.4.91.249
25410.4.91.250/3110.4.91.250 – 10.4.91.25110.4.91.251
25510.4.91.252/3110.4.91.252 – 10.4.91.25310.4.91.253
25610.4.91.254/3110.4.91.254 – 10.4.91.25510.4.91.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →