ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.4.46.0/23
network10.4.46.0/23
broadcast10.4.47.255
first host10.4.46.1
last host10.4.47.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.4.46.0/23
address00001010.00000100.00101110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000100.00101110.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000100.00101111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a042e00
decimal168046080
reverse dns0.46.4.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a04:2e00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.4.46.0/3110.4.46.0 – 10.4.46.110.4.46.1
210.4.46.2/3110.4.46.2 – 10.4.46.310.4.46.3
310.4.46.4/3110.4.46.4 – 10.4.46.510.4.46.5
410.4.46.6/3110.4.46.6 – 10.4.46.710.4.46.7
510.4.46.8/3110.4.46.8 – 10.4.46.910.4.46.9
610.4.46.10/3110.4.46.10 – 10.4.46.1110.4.46.11
710.4.46.12/3110.4.46.12 – 10.4.46.1310.4.46.13
810.4.46.14/3110.4.46.14 – 10.4.46.1510.4.46.15
910.4.46.16/3110.4.46.16 – 10.4.46.1710.4.46.17
1010.4.46.18/3110.4.46.18 – 10.4.46.1910.4.46.19
1110.4.46.20/3110.4.46.20 – 10.4.46.2110.4.46.21
1210.4.46.22/3110.4.46.22 – 10.4.46.2310.4.46.23
1310.4.46.24/3110.4.46.24 – 10.4.46.2510.4.46.25
1410.4.46.26/3110.4.46.26 – 10.4.46.2710.4.46.27
1510.4.46.28/3110.4.46.28 – 10.4.46.2910.4.46.29
1610.4.46.30/3110.4.46.30 – 10.4.46.3110.4.46.31
1710.4.46.32/3110.4.46.32 – 10.4.46.3310.4.46.33
1810.4.46.34/3110.4.46.34 – 10.4.46.3510.4.46.35
1910.4.46.36/3110.4.46.36 – 10.4.46.3710.4.46.37
2010.4.46.38/3110.4.46.38 – 10.4.46.3910.4.46.39
2110.4.46.40/3110.4.46.40 – 10.4.46.4110.4.46.41
2210.4.46.42/3110.4.46.42 – 10.4.46.4310.4.46.43
2310.4.46.44/3110.4.46.44 – 10.4.46.4510.4.46.45
2410.4.46.46/3110.4.46.46 – 10.4.46.4710.4.46.47
2510.4.46.48/3110.4.46.48 – 10.4.46.4910.4.46.49
2610.4.46.50/3110.4.46.50 – 10.4.46.5110.4.46.51
2710.4.46.52/3110.4.46.52 – 10.4.46.5310.4.46.53
2810.4.46.54/3110.4.46.54 – 10.4.46.5510.4.46.55
2910.4.46.56/3110.4.46.56 – 10.4.46.5710.4.46.57
3010.4.46.58/3110.4.46.58 – 10.4.46.5910.4.46.59
3110.4.46.60/3110.4.46.60 – 10.4.46.6110.4.46.61
3210.4.46.62/3110.4.46.62 – 10.4.46.6310.4.46.63
3310.4.46.64/3110.4.46.64 – 10.4.46.6510.4.46.65
3410.4.46.66/3110.4.46.66 – 10.4.46.6710.4.46.67
3510.4.46.68/3110.4.46.68 – 10.4.46.6910.4.46.69
3610.4.46.70/3110.4.46.70 – 10.4.46.7110.4.46.71
3710.4.46.72/3110.4.46.72 – 10.4.46.7310.4.46.73
3810.4.46.74/3110.4.46.74 – 10.4.46.7510.4.46.75
3910.4.46.76/3110.4.46.76 – 10.4.46.7710.4.46.77
4010.4.46.78/3110.4.46.78 – 10.4.46.7910.4.46.79
4110.4.46.80/3110.4.46.80 – 10.4.46.8110.4.46.81
4210.4.46.82/3110.4.46.82 – 10.4.46.8310.4.46.83
4310.4.46.84/3110.4.46.84 – 10.4.46.8510.4.46.85
4410.4.46.86/3110.4.46.86 – 10.4.46.8710.4.46.87
4510.4.46.88/3110.4.46.88 – 10.4.46.8910.4.46.89
4610.4.46.90/3110.4.46.90 – 10.4.46.9110.4.46.91
4710.4.46.92/3110.4.46.92 – 10.4.46.9310.4.46.93
4810.4.46.94/3110.4.46.94 – 10.4.46.9510.4.46.95
4910.4.46.96/3110.4.46.96 – 10.4.46.9710.4.46.97
5010.4.46.98/3110.4.46.98 – 10.4.46.9910.4.46.99
5110.4.46.100/3110.4.46.100 – 10.4.46.10110.4.46.101
5210.4.46.102/3110.4.46.102 – 10.4.46.10310.4.46.103
5310.4.46.104/3110.4.46.104 – 10.4.46.10510.4.46.105
5410.4.46.106/3110.4.46.106 – 10.4.46.10710.4.46.107
5510.4.46.108/3110.4.46.108 – 10.4.46.10910.4.46.109
5610.4.46.110/3110.4.46.110 – 10.4.46.11110.4.46.111
5710.4.46.112/3110.4.46.112 – 10.4.46.11310.4.46.113
5810.4.46.114/3110.4.46.114 – 10.4.46.11510.4.46.115
5910.4.46.116/3110.4.46.116 – 10.4.46.11710.4.46.117
6010.4.46.118/3110.4.46.118 – 10.4.46.11910.4.46.119
6110.4.46.120/3110.4.46.120 – 10.4.46.12110.4.46.121
6210.4.46.122/3110.4.46.122 – 10.4.46.12310.4.46.123
6310.4.46.124/3110.4.46.124 – 10.4.46.12510.4.46.125
6410.4.46.126/3110.4.46.126 – 10.4.46.12710.4.46.127
6510.4.46.128/3110.4.46.128 – 10.4.46.12910.4.46.129
6610.4.46.130/3110.4.46.130 – 10.4.46.13110.4.46.131
6710.4.46.132/3110.4.46.132 – 10.4.46.13310.4.46.133
6810.4.46.134/3110.4.46.134 – 10.4.46.13510.4.46.135
6910.4.46.136/3110.4.46.136 – 10.4.46.13710.4.46.137
7010.4.46.138/3110.4.46.138 – 10.4.46.13910.4.46.139
7110.4.46.140/3110.4.46.140 – 10.4.46.14110.4.46.141
7210.4.46.142/3110.4.46.142 – 10.4.46.14310.4.46.143
7310.4.46.144/3110.4.46.144 – 10.4.46.14510.4.46.145
7410.4.46.146/3110.4.46.146 – 10.4.46.14710.4.46.147
7510.4.46.148/3110.4.46.148 – 10.4.46.14910.4.46.149
7610.4.46.150/3110.4.46.150 – 10.4.46.15110.4.46.151
7710.4.46.152/3110.4.46.152 – 10.4.46.15310.4.46.153
7810.4.46.154/3110.4.46.154 – 10.4.46.15510.4.46.155
7910.4.46.156/3110.4.46.156 – 10.4.46.15710.4.46.157
8010.4.46.158/3110.4.46.158 – 10.4.46.15910.4.46.159
8110.4.46.160/3110.4.46.160 – 10.4.46.16110.4.46.161
8210.4.46.162/3110.4.46.162 – 10.4.46.16310.4.46.163
8310.4.46.164/3110.4.46.164 – 10.4.46.16510.4.46.165
8410.4.46.166/3110.4.46.166 – 10.4.46.16710.4.46.167
8510.4.46.168/3110.4.46.168 – 10.4.46.16910.4.46.169
8610.4.46.170/3110.4.46.170 – 10.4.46.17110.4.46.171
8710.4.46.172/3110.4.46.172 – 10.4.46.17310.4.46.173
8810.4.46.174/3110.4.46.174 – 10.4.46.17510.4.46.175
8910.4.46.176/3110.4.46.176 – 10.4.46.17710.4.46.177
9010.4.46.178/3110.4.46.178 – 10.4.46.17910.4.46.179
9110.4.46.180/3110.4.46.180 – 10.4.46.18110.4.46.181
9210.4.46.182/3110.4.46.182 – 10.4.46.18310.4.46.183
9310.4.46.184/3110.4.46.184 – 10.4.46.18510.4.46.185
9410.4.46.186/3110.4.46.186 – 10.4.46.18710.4.46.187
9510.4.46.188/3110.4.46.188 – 10.4.46.18910.4.46.189
9610.4.46.190/3110.4.46.190 – 10.4.46.19110.4.46.191
9710.4.46.192/3110.4.46.192 – 10.4.46.19310.4.46.193
9810.4.46.194/3110.4.46.194 – 10.4.46.19510.4.46.195
9910.4.46.196/3110.4.46.196 – 10.4.46.19710.4.46.197
10010.4.46.198/3110.4.46.198 – 10.4.46.19910.4.46.199
10110.4.46.200/3110.4.46.200 – 10.4.46.20110.4.46.201
10210.4.46.202/3110.4.46.202 – 10.4.46.20310.4.46.203
10310.4.46.204/3110.4.46.204 – 10.4.46.20510.4.46.205
10410.4.46.206/3110.4.46.206 – 10.4.46.20710.4.46.207
10510.4.46.208/3110.4.46.208 – 10.4.46.20910.4.46.209
10610.4.46.210/3110.4.46.210 – 10.4.46.21110.4.46.211
10710.4.46.212/3110.4.46.212 – 10.4.46.21310.4.46.213
10810.4.46.214/3110.4.46.214 – 10.4.46.21510.4.46.215
10910.4.46.216/3110.4.46.216 – 10.4.46.21710.4.46.217
11010.4.46.218/3110.4.46.218 – 10.4.46.21910.4.46.219
11110.4.46.220/3110.4.46.220 – 10.4.46.22110.4.46.221
11210.4.46.222/3110.4.46.222 – 10.4.46.22310.4.46.223
11310.4.46.224/3110.4.46.224 – 10.4.46.22510.4.46.225
11410.4.46.226/3110.4.46.226 – 10.4.46.22710.4.46.227
11510.4.46.228/3110.4.46.228 – 10.4.46.22910.4.46.229
11610.4.46.230/3110.4.46.230 – 10.4.46.23110.4.46.231
11710.4.46.232/3110.4.46.232 – 10.4.46.23310.4.46.233
11810.4.46.234/3110.4.46.234 – 10.4.46.23510.4.46.235
11910.4.46.236/3110.4.46.236 – 10.4.46.23710.4.46.237
12010.4.46.238/3110.4.46.238 – 10.4.46.23910.4.46.239
12110.4.46.240/3110.4.46.240 – 10.4.46.24110.4.46.241
12210.4.46.242/3110.4.46.242 – 10.4.46.24310.4.46.243
12310.4.46.244/3110.4.46.244 – 10.4.46.24510.4.46.245
12410.4.46.246/3110.4.46.246 – 10.4.46.24710.4.46.247
12510.4.46.248/3110.4.46.248 – 10.4.46.24910.4.46.249
12610.4.46.250/3110.4.46.250 – 10.4.46.25110.4.46.251
12710.4.46.252/3110.4.46.252 – 10.4.46.25310.4.46.253
12810.4.46.254/3110.4.46.254 – 10.4.46.25510.4.46.255
12910.4.47.0/3110.4.47.0 – 10.4.47.110.4.47.1
13010.4.47.2/3110.4.47.2 – 10.4.47.310.4.47.3
13110.4.47.4/3110.4.47.4 – 10.4.47.510.4.47.5
13210.4.47.6/3110.4.47.6 – 10.4.47.710.4.47.7
13310.4.47.8/3110.4.47.8 – 10.4.47.910.4.47.9
13410.4.47.10/3110.4.47.10 – 10.4.47.1110.4.47.11
13510.4.47.12/3110.4.47.12 – 10.4.47.1310.4.47.13
13610.4.47.14/3110.4.47.14 – 10.4.47.1510.4.47.15
13710.4.47.16/3110.4.47.16 – 10.4.47.1710.4.47.17
13810.4.47.18/3110.4.47.18 – 10.4.47.1910.4.47.19
13910.4.47.20/3110.4.47.20 – 10.4.47.2110.4.47.21
14010.4.47.22/3110.4.47.22 – 10.4.47.2310.4.47.23
14110.4.47.24/3110.4.47.24 – 10.4.47.2510.4.47.25
14210.4.47.26/3110.4.47.26 – 10.4.47.2710.4.47.27
14310.4.47.28/3110.4.47.28 – 10.4.47.2910.4.47.29
14410.4.47.30/3110.4.47.30 – 10.4.47.3110.4.47.31
14510.4.47.32/3110.4.47.32 – 10.4.47.3310.4.47.33
14610.4.47.34/3110.4.47.34 – 10.4.47.3510.4.47.35
14710.4.47.36/3110.4.47.36 – 10.4.47.3710.4.47.37
14810.4.47.38/3110.4.47.38 – 10.4.47.3910.4.47.39
14910.4.47.40/3110.4.47.40 – 10.4.47.4110.4.47.41
15010.4.47.42/3110.4.47.42 – 10.4.47.4310.4.47.43
15110.4.47.44/3110.4.47.44 – 10.4.47.4510.4.47.45
15210.4.47.46/3110.4.47.46 – 10.4.47.4710.4.47.47
15310.4.47.48/3110.4.47.48 – 10.4.47.4910.4.47.49
15410.4.47.50/3110.4.47.50 – 10.4.47.5110.4.47.51
15510.4.47.52/3110.4.47.52 – 10.4.47.5310.4.47.53
15610.4.47.54/3110.4.47.54 – 10.4.47.5510.4.47.55
15710.4.47.56/3110.4.47.56 – 10.4.47.5710.4.47.57
15810.4.47.58/3110.4.47.58 – 10.4.47.5910.4.47.59
15910.4.47.60/3110.4.47.60 – 10.4.47.6110.4.47.61
16010.4.47.62/3110.4.47.62 – 10.4.47.6310.4.47.63
16110.4.47.64/3110.4.47.64 – 10.4.47.6510.4.47.65
16210.4.47.66/3110.4.47.66 – 10.4.47.6710.4.47.67
16310.4.47.68/3110.4.47.68 – 10.4.47.6910.4.47.69
16410.4.47.70/3110.4.47.70 – 10.4.47.7110.4.47.71
16510.4.47.72/3110.4.47.72 – 10.4.47.7310.4.47.73
16610.4.47.74/3110.4.47.74 – 10.4.47.7510.4.47.75
16710.4.47.76/3110.4.47.76 – 10.4.47.7710.4.47.77
16810.4.47.78/3110.4.47.78 – 10.4.47.7910.4.47.79
16910.4.47.80/3110.4.47.80 – 10.4.47.8110.4.47.81
17010.4.47.82/3110.4.47.82 – 10.4.47.8310.4.47.83
17110.4.47.84/3110.4.47.84 – 10.4.47.8510.4.47.85
17210.4.47.86/3110.4.47.86 – 10.4.47.8710.4.47.87
17310.4.47.88/3110.4.47.88 – 10.4.47.8910.4.47.89
17410.4.47.90/3110.4.47.90 – 10.4.47.9110.4.47.91
17510.4.47.92/3110.4.47.92 – 10.4.47.9310.4.47.93
17610.4.47.94/3110.4.47.94 – 10.4.47.9510.4.47.95
17710.4.47.96/3110.4.47.96 – 10.4.47.9710.4.47.97
17810.4.47.98/3110.4.47.98 – 10.4.47.9910.4.47.99
17910.4.47.100/3110.4.47.100 – 10.4.47.10110.4.47.101
18010.4.47.102/3110.4.47.102 – 10.4.47.10310.4.47.103
18110.4.47.104/3110.4.47.104 – 10.4.47.10510.4.47.105
18210.4.47.106/3110.4.47.106 – 10.4.47.10710.4.47.107
18310.4.47.108/3110.4.47.108 – 10.4.47.10910.4.47.109
18410.4.47.110/3110.4.47.110 – 10.4.47.11110.4.47.111
18510.4.47.112/3110.4.47.112 – 10.4.47.11310.4.47.113
18610.4.47.114/3110.4.47.114 – 10.4.47.11510.4.47.115
18710.4.47.116/3110.4.47.116 – 10.4.47.11710.4.47.117
18810.4.47.118/3110.4.47.118 – 10.4.47.11910.4.47.119
18910.4.47.120/3110.4.47.120 – 10.4.47.12110.4.47.121
19010.4.47.122/3110.4.47.122 – 10.4.47.12310.4.47.123
19110.4.47.124/3110.4.47.124 – 10.4.47.12510.4.47.125
19210.4.47.126/3110.4.47.126 – 10.4.47.12710.4.47.127
19310.4.47.128/3110.4.47.128 – 10.4.47.12910.4.47.129
19410.4.47.130/3110.4.47.130 – 10.4.47.13110.4.47.131
19510.4.47.132/3110.4.47.132 – 10.4.47.13310.4.47.133
19610.4.47.134/3110.4.47.134 – 10.4.47.13510.4.47.135
19710.4.47.136/3110.4.47.136 – 10.4.47.13710.4.47.137
19810.4.47.138/3110.4.47.138 – 10.4.47.13910.4.47.139
19910.4.47.140/3110.4.47.140 – 10.4.47.14110.4.47.141
20010.4.47.142/3110.4.47.142 – 10.4.47.14310.4.47.143
20110.4.47.144/3110.4.47.144 – 10.4.47.14510.4.47.145
20210.4.47.146/3110.4.47.146 – 10.4.47.14710.4.47.147
20310.4.47.148/3110.4.47.148 – 10.4.47.14910.4.47.149
20410.4.47.150/3110.4.47.150 – 10.4.47.15110.4.47.151
20510.4.47.152/3110.4.47.152 – 10.4.47.15310.4.47.153
20610.4.47.154/3110.4.47.154 – 10.4.47.15510.4.47.155
20710.4.47.156/3110.4.47.156 – 10.4.47.15710.4.47.157
20810.4.47.158/3110.4.47.158 – 10.4.47.15910.4.47.159
20910.4.47.160/3110.4.47.160 – 10.4.47.16110.4.47.161
21010.4.47.162/3110.4.47.162 – 10.4.47.16310.4.47.163
21110.4.47.164/3110.4.47.164 – 10.4.47.16510.4.47.165
21210.4.47.166/3110.4.47.166 – 10.4.47.16710.4.47.167
21310.4.47.168/3110.4.47.168 – 10.4.47.16910.4.47.169
21410.4.47.170/3110.4.47.170 – 10.4.47.17110.4.47.171
21510.4.47.172/3110.4.47.172 – 10.4.47.17310.4.47.173
21610.4.47.174/3110.4.47.174 – 10.4.47.17510.4.47.175
21710.4.47.176/3110.4.47.176 – 10.4.47.17710.4.47.177
21810.4.47.178/3110.4.47.178 – 10.4.47.17910.4.47.179
21910.4.47.180/3110.4.47.180 – 10.4.47.18110.4.47.181
22010.4.47.182/3110.4.47.182 – 10.4.47.18310.4.47.183
22110.4.47.184/3110.4.47.184 – 10.4.47.18510.4.47.185
22210.4.47.186/3110.4.47.186 – 10.4.47.18710.4.47.187
22310.4.47.188/3110.4.47.188 – 10.4.47.18910.4.47.189
22410.4.47.190/3110.4.47.190 – 10.4.47.19110.4.47.191
22510.4.47.192/3110.4.47.192 – 10.4.47.19310.4.47.193
22610.4.47.194/3110.4.47.194 – 10.4.47.19510.4.47.195
22710.4.47.196/3110.4.47.196 – 10.4.47.19710.4.47.197
22810.4.47.198/3110.4.47.198 – 10.4.47.19910.4.47.199
22910.4.47.200/3110.4.47.200 – 10.4.47.20110.4.47.201
23010.4.47.202/3110.4.47.202 – 10.4.47.20310.4.47.203
23110.4.47.204/3110.4.47.204 – 10.4.47.20510.4.47.205
23210.4.47.206/3110.4.47.206 – 10.4.47.20710.4.47.207
23310.4.47.208/3110.4.47.208 – 10.4.47.20910.4.47.209
23410.4.47.210/3110.4.47.210 – 10.4.47.21110.4.47.211
23510.4.47.212/3110.4.47.212 – 10.4.47.21310.4.47.213
23610.4.47.214/3110.4.47.214 – 10.4.47.21510.4.47.215
23710.4.47.216/3110.4.47.216 – 10.4.47.21710.4.47.217
23810.4.47.218/3110.4.47.218 – 10.4.47.21910.4.47.219
23910.4.47.220/3110.4.47.220 – 10.4.47.22110.4.47.221
24010.4.47.222/3110.4.47.222 – 10.4.47.22310.4.47.223
24110.4.47.224/3110.4.47.224 – 10.4.47.22510.4.47.225
24210.4.47.226/3110.4.47.226 – 10.4.47.22710.4.47.227
24310.4.47.228/3110.4.47.228 – 10.4.47.22910.4.47.229
24410.4.47.230/3110.4.47.230 – 10.4.47.23110.4.47.231
24510.4.47.232/3110.4.47.232 – 10.4.47.23310.4.47.233
24610.4.47.234/3110.4.47.234 – 10.4.47.23510.4.47.235
24710.4.47.236/3110.4.47.236 – 10.4.47.23710.4.47.237
24810.4.47.238/3110.4.47.238 – 10.4.47.23910.4.47.239
24910.4.47.240/3110.4.47.240 – 10.4.47.24110.4.47.241
25010.4.47.242/3110.4.47.242 – 10.4.47.24310.4.47.243
25110.4.47.244/3110.4.47.244 – 10.4.47.24510.4.47.245
25210.4.47.246/3110.4.47.246 – 10.4.47.24710.4.47.247
25310.4.47.248/3110.4.47.248 – 10.4.47.24910.4.47.249
25410.4.47.250/3110.4.47.250 – 10.4.47.25110.4.47.251
25510.4.47.252/3110.4.47.252 – 10.4.47.25310.4.47.253
25610.4.47.254/3110.4.47.254 – 10.4.47.25510.4.47.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →