ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.4.30.0/23
network10.4.30.0/23
broadcast10.4.31.255
first host10.4.30.1
last host10.4.31.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.4.30.0/23
address00001010.00000100.00011110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000100.00011110.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000100.00011111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a041e00
decimal168041984
reverse dns0.30.4.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a04:1e00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.4.30.0/3110.4.30.0 – 10.4.30.110.4.30.1
210.4.30.2/3110.4.30.2 – 10.4.30.310.4.30.3
310.4.30.4/3110.4.30.4 – 10.4.30.510.4.30.5
410.4.30.6/3110.4.30.6 – 10.4.30.710.4.30.7
510.4.30.8/3110.4.30.8 – 10.4.30.910.4.30.9
610.4.30.10/3110.4.30.10 – 10.4.30.1110.4.30.11
710.4.30.12/3110.4.30.12 – 10.4.30.1310.4.30.13
810.4.30.14/3110.4.30.14 – 10.4.30.1510.4.30.15
910.4.30.16/3110.4.30.16 – 10.4.30.1710.4.30.17
1010.4.30.18/3110.4.30.18 – 10.4.30.1910.4.30.19
1110.4.30.20/3110.4.30.20 – 10.4.30.2110.4.30.21
1210.4.30.22/3110.4.30.22 – 10.4.30.2310.4.30.23
1310.4.30.24/3110.4.30.24 – 10.4.30.2510.4.30.25
1410.4.30.26/3110.4.30.26 – 10.4.30.2710.4.30.27
1510.4.30.28/3110.4.30.28 – 10.4.30.2910.4.30.29
1610.4.30.30/3110.4.30.30 – 10.4.30.3110.4.30.31
1710.4.30.32/3110.4.30.32 – 10.4.30.3310.4.30.33
1810.4.30.34/3110.4.30.34 – 10.4.30.3510.4.30.35
1910.4.30.36/3110.4.30.36 – 10.4.30.3710.4.30.37
2010.4.30.38/3110.4.30.38 – 10.4.30.3910.4.30.39
2110.4.30.40/3110.4.30.40 – 10.4.30.4110.4.30.41
2210.4.30.42/3110.4.30.42 – 10.4.30.4310.4.30.43
2310.4.30.44/3110.4.30.44 – 10.4.30.4510.4.30.45
2410.4.30.46/3110.4.30.46 – 10.4.30.4710.4.30.47
2510.4.30.48/3110.4.30.48 – 10.4.30.4910.4.30.49
2610.4.30.50/3110.4.30.50 – 10.4.30.5110.4.30.51
2710.4.30.52/3110.4.30.52 – 10.4.30.5310.4.30.53
2810.4.30.54/3110.4.30.54 – 10.4.30.5510.4.30.55
2910.4.30.56/3110.4.30.56 – 10.4.30.5710.4.30.57
3010.4.30.58/3110.4.30.58 – 10.4.30.5910.4.30.59
3110.4.30.60/3110.4.30.60 – 10.4.30.6110.4.30.61
3210.4.30.62/3110.4.30.62 – 10.4.30.6310.4.30.63
3310.4.30.64/3110.4.30.64 – 10.4.30.6510.4.30.65
3410.4.30.66/3110.4.30.66 – 10.4.30.6710.4.30.67
3510.4.30.68/3110.4.30.68 – 10.4.30.6910.4.30.69
3610.4.30.70/3110.4.30.70 – 10.4.30.7110.4.30.71
3710.4.30.72/3110.4.30.72 – 10.4.30.7310.4.30.73
3810.4.30.74/3110.4.30.74 – 10.4.30.7510.4.30.75
3910.4.30.76/3110.4.30.76 – 10.4.30.7710.4.30.77
4010.4.30.78/3110.4.30.78 – 10.4.30.7910.4.30.79
4110.4.30.80/3110.4.30.80 – 10.4.30.8110.4.30.81
4210.4.30.82/3110.4.30.82 – 10.4.30.8310.4.30.83
4310.4.30.84/3110.4.30.84 – 10.4.30.8510.4.30.85
4410.4.30.86/3110.4.30.86 – 10.4.30.8710.4.30.87
4510.4.30.88/3110.4.30.88 – 10.4.30.8910.4.30.89
4610.4.30.90/3110.4.30.90 – 10.4.30.9110.4.30.91
4710.4.30.92/3110.4.30.92 – 10.4.30.9310.4.30.93
4810.4.30.94/3110.4.30.94 – 10.4.30.9510.4.30.95
4910.4.30.96/3110.4.30.96 – 10.4.30.9710.4.30.97
5010.4.30.98/3110.4.30.98 – 10.4.30.9910.4.30.99
5110.4.30.100/3110.4.30.100 – 10.4.30.10110.4.30.101
5210.4.30.102/3110.4.30.102 – 10.4.30.10310.4.30.103
5310.4.30.104/3110.4.30.104 – 10.4.30.10510.4.30.105
5410.4.30.106/3110.4.30.106 – 10.4.30.10710.4.30.107
5510.4.30.108/3110.4.30.108 – 10.4.30.10910.4.30.109
5610.4.30.110/3110.4.30.110 – 10.4.30.11110.4.30.111
5710.4.30.112/3110.4.30.112 – 10.4.30.11310.4.30.113
5810.4.30.114/3110.4.30.114 – 10.4.30.11510.4.30.115
5910.4.30.116/3110.4.30.116 – 10.4.30.11710.4.30.117
6010.4.30.118/3110.4.30.118 – 10.4.30.11910.4.30.119
6110.4.30.120/3110.4.30.120 – 10.4.30.12110.4.30.121
6210.4.30.122/3110.4.30.122 – 10.4.30.12310.4.30.123
6310.4.30.124/3110.4.30.124 – 10.4.30.12510.4.30.125
6410.4.30.126/3110.4.30.126 – 10.4.30.12710.4.30.127
6510.4.30.128/3110.4.30.128 – 10.4.30.12910.4.30.129
6610.4.30.130/3110.4.30.130 – 10.4.30.13110.4.30.131
6710.4.30.132/3110.4.30.132 – 10.4.30.13310.4.30.133
6810.4.30.134/3110.4.30.134 – 10.4.30.13510.4.30.135
6910.4.30.136/3110.4.30.136 – 10.4.30.13710.4.30.137
7010.4.30.138/3110.4.30.138 – 10.4.30.13910.4.30.139
7110.4.30.140/3110.4.30.140 – 10.4.30.14110.4.30.141
7210.4.30.142/3110.4.30.142 – 10.4.30.14310.4.30.143
7310.4.30.144/3110.4.30.144 – 10.4.30.14510.4.30.145
7410.4.30.146/3110.4.30.146 – 10.4.30.14710.4.30.147
7510.4.30.148/3110.4.30.148 – 10.4.30.14910.4.30.149
7610.4.30.150/3110.4.30.150 – 10.4.30.15110.4.30.151
7710.4.30.152/3110.4.30.152 – 10.4.30.15310.4.30.153
7810.4.30.154/3110.4.30.154 – 10.4.30.15510.4.30.155
7910.4.30.156/3110.4.30.156 – 10.4.30.15710.4.30.157
8010.4.30.158/3110.4.30.158 – 10.4.30.15910.4.30.159
8110.4.30.160/3110.4.30.160 – 10.4.30.16110.4.30.161
8210.4.30.162/3110.4.30.162 – 10.4.30.16310.4.30.163
8310.4.30.164/3110.4.30.164 – 10.4.30.16510.4.30.165
8410.4.30.166/3110.4.30.166 – 10.4.30.16710.4.30.167
8510.4.30.168/3110.4.30.168 – 10.4.30.16910.4.30.169
8610.4.30.170/3110.4.30.170 – 10.4.30.17110.4.30.171
8710.4.30.172/3110.4.30.172 – 10.4.30.17310.4.30.173
8810.4.30.174/3110.4.30.174 – 10.4.30.17510.4.30.175
8910.4.30.176/3110.4.30.176 – 10.4.30.17710.4.30.177
9010.4.30.178/3110.4.30.178 – 10.4.30.17910.4.30.179
9110.4.30.180/3110.4.30.180 – 10.4.30.18110.4.30.181
9210.4.30.182/3110.4.30.182 – 10.4.30.18310.4.30.183
9310.4.30.184/3110.4.30.184 – 10.4.30.18510.4.30.185
9410.4.30.186/3110.4.30.186 – 10.4.30.18710.4.30.187
9510.4.30.188/3110.4.30.188 – 10.4.30.18910.4.30.189
9610.4.30.190/3110.4.30.190 – 10.4.30.19110.4.30.191
9710.4.30.192/3110.4.30.192 – 10.4.30.19310.4.30.193
9810.4.30.194/3110.4.30.194 – 10.4.30.19510.4.30.195
9910.4.30.196/3110.4.30.196 – 10.4.30.19710.4.30.197
10010.4.30.198/3110.4.30.198 – 10.4.30.19910.4.30.199
10110.4.30.200/3110.4.30.200 – 10.4.30.20110.4.30.201
10210.4.30.202/3110.4.30.202 – 10.4.30.20310.4.30.203
10310.4.30.204/3110.4.30.204 – 10.4.30.20510.4.30.205
10410.4.30.206/3110.4.30.206 – 10.4.30.20710.4.30.207
10510.4.30.208/3110.4.30.208 – 10.4.30.20910.4.30.209
10610.4.30.210/3110.4.30.210 – 10.4.30.21110.4.30.211
10710.4.30.212/3110.4.30.212 – 10.4.30.21310.4.30.213
10810.4.30.214/3110.4.30.214 – 10.4.30.21510.4.30.215
10910.4.30.216/3110.4.30.216 – 10.4.30.21710.4.30.217
11010.4.30.218/3110.4.30.218 – 10.4.30.21910.4.30.219
11110.4.30.220/3110.4.30.220 – 10.4.30.22110.4.30.221
11210.4.30.222/3110.4.30.222 – 10.4.30.22310.4.30.223
11310.4.30.224/3110.4.30.224 – 10.4.30.22510.4.30.225
11410.4.30.226/3110.4.30.226 – 10.4.30.22710.4.30.227
11510.4.30.228/3110.4.30.228 – 10.4.30.22910.4.30.229
11610.4.30.230/3110.4.30.230 – 10.4.30.23110.4.30.231
11710.4.30.232/3110.4.30.232 – 10.4.30.23310.4.30.233
11810.4.30.234/3110.4.30.234 – 10.4.30.23510.4.30.235
11910.4.30.236/3110.4.30.236 – 10.4.30.23710.4.30.237
12010.4.30.238/3110.4.30.238 – 10.4.30.23910.4.30.239
12110.4.30.240/3110.4.30.240 – 10.4.30.24110.4.30.241
12210.4.30.242/3110.4.30.242 – 10.4.30.24310.4.30.243
12310.4.30.244/3110.4.30.244 – 10.4.30.24510.4.30.245
12410.4.30.246/3110.4.30.246 – 10.4.30.24710.4.30.247
12510.4.30.248/3110.4.30.248 – 10.4.30.24910.4.30.249
12610.4.30.250/3110.4.30.250 – 10.4.30.25110.4.30.251
12710.4.30.252/3110.4.30.252 – 10.4.30.25310.4.30.253
12810.4.30.254/3110.4.30.254 – 10.4.30.25510.4.30.255
12910.4.31.0/3110.4.31.0 – 10.4.31.110.4.31.1
13010.4.31.2/3110.4.31.2 – 10.4.31.310.4.31.3
13110.4.31.4/3110.4.31.4 – 10.4.31.510.4.31.5
13210.4.31.6/3110.4.31.6 – 10.4.31.710.4.31.7
13310.4.31.8/3110.4.31.8 – 10.4.31.910.4.31.9
13410.4.31.10/3110.4.31.10 – 10.4.31.1110.4.31.11
13510.4.31.12/3110.4.31.12 – 10.4.31.1310.4.31.13
13610.4.31.14/3110.4.31.14 – 10.4.31.1510.4.31.15
13710.4.31.16/3110.4.31.16 – 10.4.31.1710.4.31.17
13810.4.31.18/3110.4.31.18 – 10.4.31.1910.4.31.19
13910.4.31.20/3110.4.31.20 – 10.4.31.2110.4.31.21
14010.4.31.22/3110.4.31.22 – 10.4.31.2310.4.31.23
14110.4.31.24/3110.4.31.24 – 10.4.31.2510.4.31.25
14210.4.31.26/3110.4.31.26 – 10.4.31.2710.4.31.27
14310.4.31.28/3110.4.31.28 – 10.4.31.2910.4.31.29
14410.4.31.30/3110.4.31.30 – 10.4.31.3110.4.31.31
14510.4.31.32/3110.4.31.32 – 10.4.31.3310.4.31.33
14610.4.31.34/3110.4.31.34 – 10.4.31.3510.4.31.35
14710.4.31.36/3110.4.31.36 – 10.4.31.3710.4.31.37
14810.4.31.38/3110.4.31.38 – 10.4.31.3910.4.31.39
14910.4.31.40/3110.4.31.40 – 10.4.31.4110.4.31.41
15010.4.31.42/3110.4.31.42 – 10.4.31.4310.4.31.43
15110.4.31.44/3110.4.31.44 – 10.4.31.4510.4.31.45
15210.4.31.46/3110.4.31.46 – 10.4.31.4710.4.31.47
15310.4.31.48/3110.4.31.48 – 10.4.31.4910.4.31.49
15410.4.31.50/3110.4.31.50 – 10.4.31.5110.4.31.51
15510.4.31.52/3110.4.31.52 – 10.4.31.5310.4.31.53
15610.4.31.54/3110.4.31.54 – 10.4.31.5510.4.31.55
15710.4.31.56/3110.4.31.56 – 10.4.31.5710.4.31.57
15810.4.31.58/3110.4.31.58 – 10.4.31.5910.4.31.59
15910.4.31.60/3110.4.31.60 – 10.4.31.6110.4.31.61
16010.4.31.62/3110.4.31.62 – 10.4.31.6310.4.31.63
16110.4.31.64/3110.4.31.64 – 10.4.31.6510.4.31.65
16210.4.31.66/3110.4.31.66 – 10.4.31.6710.4.31.67
16310.4.31.68/3110.4.31.68 – 10.4.31.6910.4.31.69
16410.4.31.70/3110.4.31.70 – 10.4.31.7110.4.31.71
16510.4.31.72/3110.4.31.72 – 10.4.31.7310.4.31.73
16610.4.31.74/3110.4.31.74 – 10.4.31.7510.4.31.75
16710.4.31.76/3110.4.31.76 – 10.4.31.7710.4.31.77
16810.4.31.78/3110.4.31.78 – 10.4.31.7910.4.31.79
16910.4.31.80/3110.4.31.80 – 10.4.31.8110.4.31.81
17010.4.31.82/3110.4.31.82 – 10.4.31.8310.4.31.83
17110.4.31.84/3110.4.31.84 – 10.4.31.8510.4.31.85
17210.4.31.86/3110.4.31.86 – 10.4.31.8710.4.31.87
17310.4.31.88/3110.4.31.88 – 10.4.31.8910.4.31.89
17410.4.31.90/3110.4.31.90 – 10.4.31.9110.4.31.91
17510.4.31.92/3110.4.31.92 – 10.4.31.9310.4.31.93
17610.4.31.94/3110.4.31.94 – 10.4.31.9510.4.31.95
17710.4.31.96/3110.4.31.96 – 10.4.31.9710.4.31.97
17810.4.31.98/3110.4.31.98 – 10.4.31.9910.4.31.99
17910.4.31.100/3110.4.31.100 – 10.4.31.10110.4.31.101
18010.4.31.102/3110.4.31.102 – 10.4.31.10310.4.31.103
18110.4.31.104/3110.4.31.104 – 10.4.31.10510.4.31.105
18210.4.31.106/3110.4.31.106 – 10.4.31.10710.4.31.107
18310.4.31.108/3110.4.31.108 – 10.4.31.10910.4.31.109
18410.4.31.110/3110.4.31.110 – 10.4.31.11110.4.31.111
18510.4.31.112/3110.4.31.112 – 10.4.31.11310.4.31.113
18610.4.31.114/3110.4.31.114 – 10.4.31.11510.4.31.115
18710.4.31.116/3110.4.31.116 – 10.4.31.11710.4.31.117
18810.4.31.118/3110.4.31.118 – 10.4.31.11910.4.31.119
18910.4.31.120/3110.4.31.120 – 10.4.31.12110.4.31.121
19010.4.31.122/3110.4.31.122 – 10.4.31.12310.4.31.123
19110.4.31.124/3110.4.31.124 – 10.4.31.12510.4.31.125
19210.4.31.126/3110.4.31.126 – 10.4.31.12710.4.31.127
19310.4.31.128/3110.4.31.128 – 10.4.31.12910.4.31.129
19410.4.31.130/3110.4.31.130 – 10.4.31.13110.4.31.131
19510.4.31.132/3110.4.31.132 – 10.4.31.13310.4.31.133
19610.4.31.134/3110.4.31.134 – 10.4.31.13510.4.31.135
19710.4.31.136/3110.4.31.136 – 10.4.31.13710.4.31.137
19810.4.31.138/3110.4.31.138 – 10.4.31.13910.4.31.139
19910.4.31.140/3110.4.31.140 – 10.4.31.14110.4.31.141
20010.4.31.142/3110.4.31.142 – 10.4.31.14310.4.31.143
20110.4.31.144/3110.4.31.144 – 10.4.31.14510.4.31.145
20210.4.31.146/3110.4.31.146 – 10.4.31.14710.4.31.147
20310.4.31.148/3110.4.31.148 – 10.4.31.14910.4.31.149
20410.4.31.150/3110.4.31.150 – 10.4.31.15110.4.31.151
20510.4.31.152/3110.4.31.152 – 10.4.31.15310.4.31.153
20610.4.31.154/3110.4.31.154 – 10.4.31.15510.4.31.155
20710.4.31.156/3110.4.31.156 – 10.4.31.15710.4.31.157
20810.4.31.158/3110.4.31.158 – 10.4.31.15910.4.31.159
20910.4.31.160/3110.4.31.160 – 10.4.31.16110.4.31.161
21010.4.31.162/3110.4.31.162 – 10.4.31.16310.4.31.163
21110.4.31.164/3110.4.31.164 – 10.4.31.16510.4.31.165
21210.4.31.166/3110.4.31.166 – 10.4.31.16710.4.31.167
21310.4.31.168/3110.4.31.168 – 10.4.31.16910.4.31.169
21410.4.31.170/3110.4.31.170 – 10.4.31.17110.4.31.171
21510.4.31.172/3110.4.31.172 – 10.4.31.17310.4.31.173
21610.4.31.174/3110.4.31.174 – 10.4.31.17510.4.31.175
21710.4.31.176/3110.4.31.176 – 10.4.31.17710.4.31.177
21810.4.31.178/3110.4.31.178 – 10.4.31.17910.4.31.179
21910.4.31.180/3110.4.31.180 – 10.4.31.18110.4.31.181
22010.4.31.182/3110.4.31.182 – 10.4.31.18310.4.31.183
22110.4.31.184/3110.4.31.184 – 10.4.31.18510.4.31.185
22210.4.31.186/3110.4.31.186 – 10.4.31.18710.4.31.187
22310.4.31.188/3110.4.31.188 – 10.4.31.18910.4.31.189
22410.4.31.190/3110.4.31.190 – 10.4.31.19110.4.31.191
22510.4.31.192/3110.4.31.192 – 10.4.31.19310.4.31.193
22610.4.31.194/3110.4.31.194 – 10.4.31.19510.4.31.195
22710.4.31.196/3110.4.31.196 – 10.4.31.19710.4.31.197
22810.4.31.198/3110.4.31.198 – 10.4.31.19910.4.31.199
22910.4.31.200/3110.4.31.200 – 10.4.31.20110.4.31.201
23010.4.31.202/3110.4.31.202 – 10.4.31.20310.4.31.203
23110.4.31.204/3110.4.31.204 – 10.4.31.20510.4.31.205
23210.4.31.206/3110.4.31.206 – 10.4.31.20710.4.31.207
23310.4.31.208/3110.4.31.208 – 10.4.31.20910.4.31.209
23410.4.31.210/3110.4.31.210 – 10.4.31.21110.4.31.211
23510.4.31.212/3110.4.31.212 – 10.4.31.21310.4.31.213
23610.4.31.214/3110.4.31.214 – 10.4.31.21510.4.31.215
23710.4.31.216/3110.4.31.216 – 10.4.31.21710.4.31.217
23810.4.31.218/3110.4.31.218 – 10.4.31.21910.4.31.219
23910.4.31.220/3110.4.31.220 – 10.4.31.22110.4.31.221
24010.4.31.222/3110.4.31.222 – 10.4.31.22310.4.31.223
24110.4.31.224/3110.4.31.224 – 10.4.31.22510.4.31.225
24210.4.31.226/3110.4.31.226 – 10.4.31.22710.4.31.227
24310.4.31.228/3110.4.31.228 – 10.4.31.22910.4.31.229
24410.4.31.230/3110.4.31.230 – 10.4.31.23110.4.31.231
24510.4.31.232/3110.4.31.232 – 10.4.31.23310.4.31.233
24610.4.31.234/3110.4.31.234 – 10.4.31.23510.4.31.235
24710.4.31.236/3110.4.31.236 – 10.4.31.23710.4.31.237
24810.4.31.238/3110.4.31.238 – 10.4.31.23910.4.31.239
24910.4.31.240/3110.4.31.240 – 10.4.31.24110.4.31.241
25010.4.31.242/3110.4.31.242 – 10.4.31.24310.4.31.243
25110.4.31.244/3110.4.31.244 – 10.4.31.24510.4.31.245
25210.4.31.246/3110.4.31.246 – 10.4.31.24710.4.31.247
25310.4.31.248/3110.4.31.248 – 10.4.31.24910.4.31.249
25410.4.31.250/3110.4.31.250 – 10.4.31.25110.4.31.251
25510.4.31.252/3110.4.31.252 – 10.4.31.25310.4.31.253
25610.4.31.254/3110.4.31.254 – 10.4.31.25510.4.31.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →