ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.38.78.0/23
network10.38.78.0/23
broadcast10.38.79.255
first host10.38.78.1
last host10.38.79.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.38.78.0/23
address00001010.00100110.01001110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00100110.01001110.00000000
broadcast00001010.00100110.01001111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a264e00
decimal170282496
reverse dns0.78.38.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a26:4e00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.38.78.0/3110.38.78.0 – 10.38.78.110.38.78.1
210.38.78.2/3110.38.78.2 – 10.38.78.310.38.78.3
310.38.78.4/3110.38.78.4 – 10.38.78.510.38.78.5
410.38.78.6/3110.38.78.6 – 10.38.78.710.38.78.7
510.38.78.8/3110.38.78.8 – 10.38.78.910.38.78.9
610.38.78.10/3110.38.78.10 – 10.38.78.1110.38.78.11
710.38.78.12/3110.38.78.12 – 10.38.78.1310.38.78.13
810.38.78.14/3110.38.78.14 – 10.38.78.1510.38.78.15
910.38.78.16/3110.38.78.16 – 10.38.78.1710.38.78.17
1010.38.78.18/3110.38.78.18 – 10.38.78.1910.38.78.19
1110.38.78.20/3110.38.78.20 – 10.38.78.2110.38.78.21
1210.38.78.22/3110.38.78.22 – 10.38.78.2310.38.78.23
1310.38.78.24/3110.38.78.24 – 10.38.78.2510.38.78.25
1410.38.78.26/3110.38.78.26 – 10.38.78.2710.38.78.27
1510.38.78.28/3110.38.78.28 – 10.38.78.2910.38.78.29
1610.38.78.30/3110.38.78.30 – 10.38.78.3110.38.78.31
1710.38.78.32/3110.38.78.32 – 10.38.78.3310.38.78.33
1810.38.78.34/3110.38.78.34 – 10.38.78.3510.38.78.35
1910.38.78.36/3110.38.78.36 – 10.38.78.3710.38.78.37
2010.38.78.38/3110.38.78.38 – 10.38.78.3910.38.78.39
2110.38.78.40/3110.38.78.40 – 10.38.78.4110.38.78.41
2210.38.78.42/3110.38.78.42 – 10.38.78.4310.38.78.43
2310.38.78.44/3110.38.78.44 – 10.38.78.4510.38.78.45
2410.38.78.46/3110.38.78.46 – 10.38.78.4710.38.78.47
2510.38.78.48/3110.38.78.48 – 10.38.78.4910.38.78.49
2610.38.78.50/3110.38.78.50 – 10.38.78.5110.38.78.51
2710.38.78.52/3110.38.78.52 – 10.38.78.5310.38.78.53
2810.38.78.54/3110.38.78.54 – 10.38.78.5510.38.78.55
2910.38.78.56/3110.38.78.56 – 10.38.78.5710.38.78.57
3010.38.78.58/3110.38.78.58 – 10.38.78.5910.38.78.59
3110.38.78.60/3110.38.78.60 – 10.38.78.6110.38.78.61
3210.38.78.62/3110.38.78.62 – 10.38.78.6310.38.78.63
3310.38.78.64/3110.38.78.64 – 10.38.78.6510.38.78.65
3410.38.78.66/3110.38.78.66 – 10.38.78.6710.38.78.67
3510.38.78.68/3110.38.78.68 – 10.38.78.6910.38.78.69
3610.38.78.70/3110.38.78.70 – 10.38.78.7110.38.78.71
3710.38.78.72/3110.38.78.72 – 10.38.78.7310.38.78.73
3810.38.78.74/3110.38.78.74 – 10.38.78.7510.38.78.75
3910.38.78.76/3110.38.78.76 – 10.38.78.7710.38.78.77
4010.38.78.78/3110.38.78.78 – 10.38.78.7910.38.78.79
4110.38.78.80/3110.38.78.80 – 10.38.78.8110.38.78.81
4210.38.78.82/3110.38.78.82 – 10.38.78.8310.38.78.83
4310.38.78.84/3110.38.78.84 – 10.38.78.8510.38.78.85
4410.38.78.86/3110.38.78.86 – 10.38.78.8710.38.78.87
4510.38.78.88/3110.38.78.88 – 10.38.78.8910.38.78.89
4610.38.78.90/3110.38.78.90 – 10.38.78.9110.38.78.91
4710.38.78.92/3110.38.78.92 – 10.38.78.9310.38.78.93
4810.38.78.94/3110.38.78.94 – 10.38.78.9510.38.78.95
4910.38.78.96/3110.38.78.96 – 10.38.78.9710.38.78.97
5010.38.78.98/3110.38.78.98 – 10.38.78.9910.38.78.99
5110.38.78.100/3110.38.78.100 – 10.38.78.10110.38.78.101
5210.38.78.102/3110.38.78.102 – 10.38.78.10310.38.78.103
5310.38.78.104/3110.38.78.104 – 10.38.78.10510.38.78.105
5410.38.78.106/3110.38.78.106 – 10.38.78.10710.38.78.107
5510.38.78.108/3110.38.78.108 – 10.38.78.10910.38.78.109
5610.38.78.110/3110.38.78.110 – 10.38.78.11110.38.78.111
5710.38.78.112/3110.38.78.112 – 10.38.78.11310.38.78.113
5810.38.78.114/3110.38.78.114 – 10.38.78.11510.38.78.115
5910.38.78.116/3110.38.78.116 – 10.38.78.11710.38.78.117
6010.38.78.118/3110.38.78.118 – 10.38.78.11910.38.78.119
6110.38.78.120/3110.38.78.120 – 10.38.78.12110.38.78.121
6210.38.78.122/3110.38.78.122 – 10.38.78.12310.38.78.123
6310.38.78.124/3110.38.78.124 – 10.38.78.12510.38.78.125
6410.38.78.126/3110.38.78.126 – 10.38.78.12710.38.78.127
6510.38.78.128/3110.38.78.128 – 10.38.78.12910.38.78.129
6610.38.78.130/3110.38.78.130 – 10.38.78.13110.38.78.131
6710.38.78.132/3110.38.78.132 – 10.38.78.13310.38.78.133
6810.38.78.134/3110.38.78.134 – 10.38.78.13510.38.78.135
6910.38.78.136/3110.38.78.136 – 10.38.78.13710.38.78.137
7010.38.78.138/3110.38.78.138 – 10.38.78.13910.38.78.139
7110.38.78.140/3110.38.78.140 – 10.38.78.14110.38.78.141
7210.38.78.142/3110.38.78.142 – 10.38.78.14310.38.78.143
7310.38.78.144/3110.38.78.144 – 10.38.78.14510.38.78.145
7410.38.78.146/3110.38.78.146 – 10.38.78.14710.38.78.147
7510.38.78.148/3110.38.78.148 – 10.38.78.14910.38.78.149
7610.38.78.150/3110.38.78.150 – 10.38.78.15110.38.78.151
7710.38.78.152/3110.38.78.152 – 10.38.78.15310.38.78.153
7810.38.78.154/3110.38.78.154 – 10.38.78.15510.38.78.155
7910.38.78.156/3110.38.78.156 – 10.38.78.15710.38.78.157
8010.38.78.158/3110.38.78.158 – 10.38.78.15910.38.78.159
8110.38.78.160/3110.38.78.160 – 10.38.78.16110.38.78.161
8210.38.78.162/3110.38.78.162 – 10.38.78.16310.38.78.163
8310.38.78.164/3110.38.78.164 – 10.38.78.16510.38.78.165
8410.38.78.166/3110.38.78.166 – 10.38.78.16710.38.78.167
8510.38.78.168/3110.38.78.168 – 10.38.78.16910.38.78.169
8610.38.78.170/3110.38.78.170 – 10.38.78.17110.38.78.171
8710.38.78.172/3110.38.78.172 – 10.38.78.17310.38.78.173
8810.38.78.174/3110.38.78.174 – 10.38.78.17510.38.78.175
8910.38.78.176/3110.38.78.176 – 10.38.78.17710.38.78.177
9010.38.78.178/3110.38.78.178 – 10.38.78.17910.38.78.179
9110.38.78.180/3110.38.78.180 – 10.38.78.18110.38.78.181
9210.38.78.182/3110.38.78.182 – 10.38.78.18310.38.78.183
9310.38.78.184/3110.38.78.184 – 10.38.78.18510.38.78.185
9410.38.78.186/3110.38.78.186 – 10.38.78.18710.38.78.187
9510.38.78.188/3110.38.78.188 – 10.38.78.18910.38.78.189
9610.38.78.190/3110.38.78.190 – 10.38.78.19110.38.78.191
9710.38.78.192/3110.38.78.192 – 10.38.78.19310.38.78.193
9810.38.78.194/3110.38.78.194 – 10.38.78.19510.38.78.195
9910.38.78.196/3110.38.78.196 – 10.38.78.19710.38.78.197
10010.38.78.198/3110.38.78.198 – 10.38.78.19910.38.78.199
10110.38.78.200/3110.38.78.200 – 10.38.78.20110.38.78.201
10210.38.78.202/3110.38.78.202 – 10.38.78.20310.38.78.203
10310.38.78.204/3110.38.78.204 – 10.38.78.20510.38.78.205
10410.38.78.206/3110.38.78.206 – 10.38.78.20710.38.78.207
10510.38.78.208/3110.38.78.208 – 10.38.78.20910.38.78.209
10610.38.78.210/3110.38.78.210 – 10.38.78.21110.38.78.211
10710.38.78.212/3110.38.78.212 – 10.38.78.21310.38.78.213
10810.38.78.214/3110.38.78.214 – 10.38.78.21510.38.78.215
10910.38.78.216/3110.38.78.216 – 10.38.78.21710.38.78.217
11010.38.78.218/3110.38.78.218 – 10.38.78.21910.38.78.219
11110.38.78.220/3110.38.78.220 – 10.38.78.22110.38.78.221
11210.38.78.222/3110.38.78.222 – 10.38.78.22310.38.78.223
11310.38.78.224/3110.38.78.224 – 10.38.78.22510.38.78.225
11410.38.78.226/3110.38.78.226 – 10.38.78.22710.38.78.227
11510.38.78.228/3110.38.78.228 – 10.38.78.22910.38.78.229
11610.38.78.230/3110.38.78.230 – 10.38.78.23110.38.78.231
11710.38.78.232/3110.38.78.232 – 10.38.78.23310.38.78.233
11810.38.78.234/3110.38.78.234 – 10.38.78.23510.38.78.235
11910.38.78.236/3110.38.78.236 – 10.38.78.23710.38.78.237
12010.38.78.238/3110.38.78.238 – 10.38.78.23910.38.78.239
12110.38.78.240/3110.38.78.240 – 10.38.78.24110.38.78.241
12210.38.78.242/3110.38.78.242 – 10.38.78.24310.38.78.243
12310.38.78.244/3110.38.78.244 – 10.38.78.24510.38.78.245
12410.38.78.246/3110.38.78.246 – 10.38.78.24710.38.78.247
12510.38.78.248/3110.38.78.248 – 10.38.78.24910.38.78.249
12610.38.78.250/3110.38.78.250 – 10.38.78.25110.38.78.251
12710.38.78.252/3110.38.78.252 – 10.38.78.25310.38.78.253
12810.38.78.254/3110.38.78.254 – 10.38.78.25510.38.78.255
12910.38.79.0/3110.38.79.0 – 10.38.79.110.38.79.1
13010.38.79.2/3110.38.79.2 – 10.38.79.310.38.79.3
13110.38.79.4/3110.38.79.4 – 10.38.79.510.38.79.5
13210.38.79.6/3110.38.79.6 – 10.38.79.710.38.79.7
13310.38.79.8/3110.38.79.8 – 10.38.79.910.38.79.9
13410.38.79.10/3110.38.79.10 – 10.38.79.1110.38.79.11
13510.38.79.12/3110.38.79.12 – 10.38.79.1310.38.79.13
13610.38.79.14/3110.38.79.14 – 10.38.79.1510.38.79.15
13710.38.79.16/3110.38.79.16 – 10.38.79.1710.38.79.17
13810.38.79.18/3110.38.79.18 – 10.38.79.1910.38.79.19
13910.38.79.20/3110.38.79.20 – 10.38.79.2110.38.79.21
14010.38.79.22/3110.38.79.22 – 10.38.79.2310.38.79.23
14110.38.79.24/3110.38.79.24 – 10.38.79.2510.38.79.25
14210.38.79.26/3110.38.79.26 – 10.38.79.2710.38.79.27
14310.38.79.28/3110.38.79.28 – 10.38.79.2910.38.79.29
14410.38.79.30/3110.38.79.30 – 10.38.79.3110.38.79.31
14510.38.79.32/3110.38.79.32 – 10.38.79.3310.38.79.33
14610.38.79.34/3110.38.79.34 – 10.38.79.3510.38.79.35
14710.38.79.36/3110.38.79.36 – 10.38.79.3710.38.79.37
14810.38.79.38/3110.38.79.38 – 10.38.79.3910.38.79.39
14910.38.79.40/3110.38.79.40 – 10.38.79.4110.38.79.41
15010.38.79.42/3110.38.79.42 – 10.38.79.4310.38.79.43
15110.38.79.44/3110.38.79.44 – 10.38.79.4510.38.79.45
15210.38.79.46/3110.38.79.46 – 10.38.79.4710.38.79.47
15310.38.79.48/3110.38.79.48 – 10.38.79.4910.38.79.49
15410.38.79.50/3110.38.79.50 – 10.38.79.5110.38.79.51
15510.38.79.52/3110.38.79.52 – 10.38.79.5310.38.79.53
15610.38.79.54/3110.38.79.54 – 10.38.79.5510.38.79.55
15710.38.79.56/3110.38.79.56 – 10.38.79.5710.38.79.57
15810.38.79.58/3110.38.79.58 – 10.38.79.5910.38.79.59
15910.38.79.60/3110.38.79.60 – 10.38.79.6110.38.79.61
16010.38.79.62/3110.38.79.62 – 10.38.79.6310.38.79.63
16110.38.79.64/3110.38.79.64 – 10.38.79.6510.38.79.65
16210.38.79.66/3110.38.79.66 – 10.38.79.6710.38.79.67
16310.38.79.68/3110.38.79.68 – 10.38.79.6910.38.79.69
16410.38.79.70/3110.38.79.70 – 10.38.79.7110.38.79.71
16510.38.79.72/3110.38.79.72 – 10.38.79.7310.38.79.73
16610.38.79.74/3110.38.79.74 – 10.38.79.7510.38.79.75
16710.38.79.76/3110.38.79.76 – 10.38.79.7710.38.79.77
16810.38.79.78/3110.38.79.78 – 10.38.79.7910.38.79.79
16910.38.79.80/3110.38.79.80 – 10.38.79.8110.38.79.81
17010.38.79.82/3110.38.79.82 – 10.38.79.8310.38.79.83
17110.38.79.84/3110.38.79.84 – 10.38.79.8510.38.79.85
17210.38.79.86/3110.38.79.86 – 10.38.79.8710.38.79.87
17310.38.79.88/3110.38.79.88 – 10.38.79.8910.38.79.89
17410.38.79.90/3110.38.79.90 – 10.38.79.9110.38.79.91
17510.38.79.92/3110.38.79.92 – 10.38.79.9310.38.79.93
17610.38.79.94/3110.38.79.94 – 10.38.79.9510.38.79.95
17710.38.79.96/3110.38.79.96 – 10.38.79.9710.38.79.97
17810.38.79.98/3110.38.79.98 – 10.38.79.9910.38.79.99
17910.38.79.100/3110.38.79.100 – 10.38.79.10110.38.79.101
18010.38.79.102/3110.38.79.102 – 10.38.79.10310.38.79.103
18110.38.79.104/3110.38.79.104 – 10.38.79.10510.38.79.105
18210.38.79.106/3110.38.79.106 – 10.38.79.10710.38.79.107
18310.38.79.108/3110.38.79.108 – 10.38.79.10910.38.79.109
18410.38.79.110/3110.38.79.110 – 10.38.79.11110.38.79.111
18510.38.79.112/3110.38.79.112 – 10.38.79.11310.38.79.113
18610.38.79.114/3110.38.79.114 – 10.38.79.11510.38.79.115
18710.38.79.116/3110.38.79.116 – 10.38.79.11710.38.79.117
18810.38.79.118/3110.38.79.118 – 10.38.79.11910.38.79.119
18910.38.79.120/3110.38.79.120 – 10.38.79.12110.38.79.121
19010.38.79.122/3110.38.79.122 – 10.38.79.12310.38.79.123
19110.38.79.124/3110.38.79.124 – 10.38.79.12510.38.79.125
19210.38.79.126/3110.38.79.126 – 10.38.79.12710.38.79.127
19310.38.79.128/3110.38.79.128 – 10.38.79.12910.38.79.129
19410.38.79.130/3110.38.79.130 – 10.38.79.13110.38.79.131
19510.38.79.132/3110.38.79.132 – 10.38.79.13310.38.79.133
19610.38.79.134/3110.38.79.134 – 10.38.79.13510.38.79.135
19710.38.79.136/3110.38.79.136 – 10.38.79.13710.38.79.137
19810.38.79.138/3110.38.79.138 – 10.38.79.13910.38.79.139
19910.38.79.140/3110.38.79.140 – 10.38.79.14110.38.79.141
20010.38.79.142/3110.38.79.142 – 10.38.79.14310.38.79.143
20110.38.79.144/3110.38.79.144 – 10.38.79.14510.38.79.145
20210.38.79.146/3110.38.79.146 – 10.38.79.14710.38.79.147
20310.38.79.148/3110.38.79.148 – 10.38.79.14910.38.79.149
20410.38.79.150/3110.38.79.150 – 10.38.79.15110.38.79.151
20510.38.79.152/3110.38.79.152 – 10.38.79.15310.38.79.153
20610.38.79.154/3110.38.79.154 – 10.38.79.15510.38.79.155
20710.38.79.156/3110.38.79.156 – 10.38.79.15710.38.79.157
20810.38.79.158/3110.38.79.158 – 10.38.79.15910.38.79.159
20910.38.79.160/3110.38.79.160 – 10.38.79.16110.38.79.161
21010.38.79.162/3110.38.79.162 – 10.38.79.16310.38.79.163
21110.38.79.164/3110.38.79.164 – 10.38.79.16510.38.79.165
21210.38.79.166/3110.38.79.166 – 10.38.79.16710.38.79.167
21310.38.79.168/3110.38.79.168 – 10.38.79.16910.38.79.169
21410.38.79.170/3110.38.79.170 – 10.38.79.17110.38.79.171
21510.38.79.172/3110.38.79.172 – 10.38.79.17310.38.79.173
21610.38.79.174/3110.38.79.174 – 10.38.79.17510.38.79.175
21710.38.79.176/3110.38.79.176 – 10.38.79.17710.38.79.177
21810.38.79.178/3110.38.79.178 – 10.38.79.17910.38.79.179
21910.38.79.180/3110.38.79.180 – 10.38.79.18110.38.79.181
22010.38.79.182/3110.38.79.182 – 10.38.79.18310.38.79.183
22110.38.79.184/3110.38.79.184 – 10.38.79.18510.38.79.185
22210.38.79.186/3110.38.79.186 – 10.38.79.18710.38.79.187
22310.38.79.188/3110.38.79.188 – 10.38.79.18910.38.79.189
22410.38.79.190/3110.38.79.190 – 10.38.79.19110.38.79.191
22510.38.79.192/3110.38.79.192 – 10.38.79.19310.38.79.193
22610.38.79.194/3110.38.79.194 – 10.38.79.19510.38.79.195
22710.38.79.196/3110.38.79.196 – 10.38.79.19710.38.79.197
22810.38.79.198/3110.38.79.198 – 10.38.79.19910.38.79.199
22910.38.79.200/3110.38.79.200 – 10.38.79.20110.38.79.201
23010.38.79.202/3110.38.79.202 – 10.38.79.20310.38.79.203
23110.38.79.204/3110.38.79.204 – 10.38.79.20510.38.79.205
23210.38.79.206/3110.38.79.206 – 10.38.79.20710.38.79.207
23310.38.79.208/3110.38.79.208 – 10.38.79.20910.38.79.209
23410.38.79.210/3110.38.79.210 – 10.38.79.21110.38.79.211
23510.38.79.212/3110.38.79.212 – 10.38.79.21310.38.79.213
23610.38.79.214/3110.38.79.214 – 10.38.79.21510.38.79.215
23710.38.79.216/3110.38.79.216 – 10.38.79.21710.38.79.217
23810.38.79.218/3110.38.79.218 – 10.38.79.21910.38.79.219
23910.38.79.220/3110.38.79.220 – 10.38.79.22110.38.79.221
24010.38.79.222/3110.38.79.222 – 10.38.79.22310.38.79.223
24110.38.79.224/3110.38.79.224 – 10.38.79.22510.38.79.225
24210.38.79.226/3110.38.79.226 – 10.38.79.22710.38.79.227
24310.38.79.228/3110.38.79.228 – 10.38.79.22910.38.79.229
24410.38.79.230/3110.38.79.230 – 10.38.79.23110.38.79.231
24510.38.79.232/3110.38.79.232 – 10.38.79.23310.38.79.233
24610.38.79.234/3110.38.79.234 – 10.38.79.23510.38.79.235
24710.38.79.236/3110.38.79.236 – 10.38.79.23710.38.79.237
24810.38.79.238/3110.38.79.238 – 10.38.79.23910.38.79.239
24910.38.79.240/3110.38.79.240 – 10.38.79.24110.38.79.241
25010.38.79.242/3110.38.79.242 – 10.38.79.24310.38.79.243
25110.38.79.244/3110.38.79.244 – 10.38.79.24510.38.79.245
25210.38.79.246/3110.38.79.246 – 10.38.79.24710.38.79.247
25310.38.79.248/3110.38.79.248 – 10.38.79.24910.38.79.249
25410.38.79.250/3110.38.79.250 – 10.38.79.25110.38.79.251
25510.38.79.252/3110.38.79.252 – 10.38.79.25310.38.79.253
25610.38.79.254/3110.38.79.254 – 10.38.79.25510.38.79.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →