ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.3.178.0/23
network10.3.178.0/23
broadcast10.3.179.255
first host10.3.178.1
last host10.3.179.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.3.178.0/23
address00001010.00000011.10110010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000011.10110010.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000011.10110011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a03b200
decimal168014336
reverse dns0.178.3.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a03:b200

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.3.178.0/3110.3.178.0 – 10.3.178.110.3.178.1
210.3.178.2/3110.3.178.2 – 10.3.178.310.3.178.3
310.3.178.4/3110.3.178.4 – 10.3.178.510.3.178.5
410.3.178.6/3110.3.178.6 – 10.3.178.710.3.178.7
510.3.178.8/3110.3.178.8 – 10.3.178.910.3.178.9
610.3.178.10/3110.3.178.10 – 10.3.178.1110.3.178.11
710.3.178.12/3110.3.178.12 – 10.3.178.1310.3.178.13
810.3.178.14/3110.3.178.14 – 10.3.178.1510.3.178.15
910.3.178.16/3110.3.178.16 – 10.3.178.1710.3.178.17
1010.3.178.18/3110.3.178.18 – 10.3.178.1910.3.178.19
1110.3.178.20/3110.3.178.20 – 10.3.178.2110.3.178.21
1210.3.178.22/3110.3.178.22 – 10.3.178.2310.3.178.23
1310.3.178.24/3110.3.178.24 – 10.3.178.2510.3.178.25
1410.3.178.26/3110.3.178.26 – 10.3.178.2710.3.178.27
1510.3.178.28/3110.3.178.28 – 10.3.178.2910.3.178.29
1610.3.178.30/3110.3.178.30 – 10.3.178.3110.3.178.31
1710.3.178.32/3110.3.178.32 – 10.3.178.3310.3.178.33
1810.3.178.34/3110.3.178.34 – 10.3.178.3510.3.178.35
1910.3.178.36/3110.3.178.36 – 10.3.178.3710.3.178.37
2010.3.178.38/3110.3.178.38 – 10.3.178.3910.3.178.39
2110.3.178.40/3110.3.178.40 – 10.3.178.4110.3.178.41
2210.3.178.42/3110.3.178.42 – 10.3.178.4310.3.178.43
2310.3.178.44/3110.3.178.44 – 10.3.178.4510.3.178.45
2410.3.178.46/3110.3.178.46 – 10.3.178.4710.3.178.47
2510.3.178.48/3110.3.178.48 – 10.3.178.4910.3.178.49
2610.3.178.50/3110.3.178.50 – 10.3.178.5110.3.178.51
2710.3.178.52/3110.3.178.52 – 10.3.178.5310.3.178.53
2810.3.178.54/3110.3.178.54 – 10.3.178.5510.3.178.55
2910.3.178.56/3110.3.178.56 – 10.3.178.5710.3.178.57
3010.3.178.58/3110.3.178.58 – 10.3.178.5910.3.178.59
3110.3.178.60/3110.3.178.60 – 10.3.178.6110.3.178.61
3210.3.178.62/3110.3.178.62 – 10.3.178.6310.3.178.63
3310.3.178.64/3110.3.178.64 – 10.3.178.6510.3.178.65
3410.3.178.66/3110.3.178.66 – 10.3.178.6710.3.178.67
3510.3.178.68/3110.3.178.68 – 10.3.178.6910.3.178.69
3610.3.178.70/3110.3.178.70 – 10.3.178.7110.3.178.71
3710.3.178.72/3110.3.178.72 – 10.3.178.7310.3.178.73
3810.3.178.74/3110.3.178.74 – 10.3.178.7510.3.178.75
3910.3.178.76/3110.3.178.76 – 10.3.178.7710.3.178.77
4010.3.178.78/3110.3.178.78 – 10.3.178.7910.3.178.79
4110.3.178.80/3110.3.178.80 – 10.3.178.8110.3.178.81
4210.3.178.82/3110.3.178.82 – 10.3.178.8310.3.178.83
4310.3.178.84/3110.3.178.84 – 10.3.178.8510.3.178.85
4410.3.178.86/3110.3.178.86 – 10.3.178.8710.3.178.87
4510.3.178.88/3110.3.178.88 – 10.3.178.8910.3.178.89
4610.3.178.90/3110.3.178.90 – 10.3.178.9110.3.178.91
4710.3.178.92/3110.3.178.92 – 10.3.178.9310.3.178.93
4810.3.178.94/3110.3.178.94 – 10.3.178.9510.3.178.95
4910.3.178.96/3110.3.178.96 – 10.3.178.9710.3.178.97
5010.3.178.98/3110.3.178.98 – 10.3.178.9910.3.178.99
5110.3.178.100/3110.3.178.100 – 10.3.178.10110.3.178.101
5210.3.178.102/3110.3.178.102 – 10.3.178.10310.3.178.103
5310.3.178.104/3110.3.178.104 – 10.3.178.10510.3.178.105
5410.3.178.106/3110.3.178.106 – 10.3.178.10710.3.178.107
5510.3.178.108/3110.3.178.108 – 10.3.178.10910.3.178.109
5610.3.178.110/3110.3.178.110 – 10.3.178.11110.3.178.111
5710.3.178.112/3110.3.178.112 – 10.3.178.11310.3.178.113
5810.3.178.114/3110.3.178.114 – 10.3.178.11510.3.178.115
5910.3.178.116/3110.3.178.116 – 10.3.178.11710.3.178.117
6010.3.178.118/3110.3.178.118 – 10.3.178.11910.3.178.119
6110.3.178.120/3110.3.178.120 – 10.3.178.12110.3.178.121
6210.3.178.122/3110.3.178.122 – 10.3.178.12310.3.178.123
6310.3.178.124/3110.3.178.124 – 10.3.178.12510.3.178.125
6410.3.178.126/3110.3.178.126 – 10.3.178.12710.3.178.127
6510.3.178.128/3110.3.178.128 – 10.3.178.12910.3.178.129
6610.3.178.130/3110.3.178.130 – 10.3.178.13110.3.178.131
6710.3.178.132/3110.3.178.132 – 10.3.178.13310.3.178.133
6810.3.178.134/3110.3.178.134 – 10.3.178.13510.3.178.135
6910.3.178.136/3110.3.178.136 – 10.3.178.13710.3.178.137
7010.3.178.138/3110.3.178.138 – 10.3.178.13910.3.178.139
7110.3.178.140/3110.3.178.140 – 10.3.178.14110.3.178.141
7210.3.178.142/3110.3.178.142 – 10.3.178.14310.3.178.143
7310.3.178.144/3110.3.178.144 – 10.3.178.14510.3.178.145
7410.3.178.146/3110.3.178.146 – 10.3.178.14710.3.178.147
7510.3.178.148/3110.3.178.148 – 10.3.178.14910.3.178.149
7610.3.178.150/3110.3.178.150 – 10.3.178.15110.3.178.151
7710.3.178.152/3110.3.178.152 – 10.3.178.15310.3.178.153
7810.3.178.154/3110.3.178.154 – 10.3.178.15510.3.178.155
7910.3.178.156/3110.3.178.156 – 10.3.178.15710.3.178.157
8010.3.178.158/3110.3.178.158 – 10.3.178.15910.3.178.159
8110.3.178.160/3110.3.178.160 – 10.3.178.16110.3.178.161
8210.3.178.162/3110.3.178.162 – 10.3.178.16310.3.178.163
8310.3.178.164/3110.3.178.164 – 10.3.178.16510.3.178.165
8410.3.178.166/3110.3.178.166 – 10.3.178.16710.3.178.167
8510.3.178.168/3110.3.178.168 – 10.3.178.16910.3.178.169
8610.3.178.170/3110.3.178.170 – 10.3.178.17110.3.178.171
8710.3.178.172/3110.3.178.172 – 10.3.178.17310.3.178.173
8810.3.178.174/3110.3.178.174 – 10.3.178.17510.3.178.175
8910.3.178.176/3110.3.178.176 – 10.3.178.17710.3.178.177
9010.3.178.178/3110.3.178.178 – 10.3.178.17910.3.178.179
9110.3.178.180/3110.3.178.180 – 10.3.178.18110.3.178.181
9210.3.178.182/3110.3.178.182 – 10.3.178.18310.3.178.183
9310.3.178.184/3110.3.178.184 – 10.3.178.18510.3.178.185
9410.3.178.186/3110.3.178.186 – 10.3.178.18710.3.178.187
9510.3.178.188/3110.3.178.188 – 10.3.178.18910.3.178.189
9610.3.178.190/3110.3.178.190 – 10.3.178.19110.3.178.191
9710.3.178.192/3110.3.178.192 – 10.3.178.19310.3.178.193
9810.3.178.194/3110.3.178.194 – 10.3.178.19510.3.178.195
9910.3.178.196/3110.3.178.196 – 10.3.178.19710.3.178.197
10010.3.178.198/3110.3.178.198 – 10.3.178.19910.3.178.199
10110.3.178.200/3110.3.178.200 – 10.3.178.20110.3.178.201
10210.3.178.202/3110.3.178.202 – 10.3.178.20310.3.178.203
10310.3.178.204/3110.3.178.204 – 10.3.178.20510.3.178.205
10410.3.178.206/3110.3.178.206 – 10.3.178.20710.3.178.207
10510.3.178.208/3110.3.178.208 – 10.3.178.20910.3.178.209
10610.3.178.210/3110.3.178.210 – 10.3.178.21110.3.178.211
10710.3.178.212/3110.3.178.212 – 10.3.178.21310.3.178.213
10810.3.178.214/3110.3.178.214 – 10.3.178.21510.3.178.215
10910.3.178.216/3110.3.178.216 – 10.3.178.21710.3.178.217
11010.3.178.218/3110.3.178.218 – 10.3.178.21910.3.178.219
11110.3.178.220/3110.3.178.220 – 10.3.178.22110.3.178.221
11210.3.178.222/3110.3.178.222 – 10.3.178.22310.3.178.223
11310.3.178.224/3110.3.178.224 – 10.3.178.22510.3.178.225
11410.3.178.226/3110.3.178.226 – 10.3.178.22710.3.178.227
11510.3.178.228/3110.3.178.228 – 10.3.178.22910.3.178.229
11610.3.178.230/3110.3.178.230 – 10.3.178.23110.3.178.231
11710.3.178.232/3110.3.178.232 – 10.3.178.23310.3.178.233
11810.3.178.234/3110.3.178.234 – 10.3.178.23510.3.178.235
11910.3.178.236/3110.3.178.236 – 10.3.178.23710.3.178.237
12010.3.178.238/3110.3.178.238 – 10.3.178.23910.3.178.239
12110.3.178.240/3110.3.178.240 – 10.3.178.24110.3.178.241
12210.3.178.242/3110.3.178.242 – 10.3.178.24310.3.178.243
12310.3.178.244/3110.3.178.244 – 10.3.178.24510.3.178.245
12410.3.178.246/3110.3.178.246 – 10.3.178.24710.3.178.247
12510.3.178.248/3110.3.178.248 – 10.3.178.24910.3.178.249
12610.3.178.250/3110.3.178.250 – 10.3.178.25110.3.178.251
12710.3.178.252/3110.3.178.252 – 10.3.178.25310.3.178.253
12810.3.178.254/3110.3.178.254 – 10.3.178.25510.3.178.255
12910.3.179.0/3110.3.179.0 – 10.3.179.110.3.179.1
13010.3.179.2/3110.3.179.2 – 10.3.179.310.3.179.3
13110.3.179.4/3110.3.179.4 – 10.3.179.510.3.179.5
13210.3.179.6/3110.3.179.6 – 10.3.179.710.3.179.7
13310.3.179.8/3110.3.179.8 – 10.3.179.910.3.179.9
13410.3.179.10/3110.3.179.10 – 10.3.179.1110.3.179.11
13510.3.179.12/3110.3.179.12 – 10.3.179.1310.3.179.13
13610.3.179.14/3110.3.179.14 – 10.3.179.1510.3.179.15
13710.3.179.16/3110.3.179.16 – 10.3.179.1710.3.179.17
13810.3.179.18/3110.3.179.18 – 10.3.179.1910.3.179.19
13910.3.179.20/3110.3.179.20 – 10.3.179.2110.3.179.21
14010.3.179.22/3110.3.179.22 – 10.3.179.2310.3.179.23
14110.3.179.24/3110.3.179.24 – 10.3.179.2510.3.179.25
14210.3.179.26/3110.3.179.26 – 10.3.179.2710.3.179.27
14310.3.179.28/3110.3.179.28 – 10.3.179.2910.3.179.29
14410.3.179.30/3110.3.179.30 – 10.3.179.3110.3.179.31
14510.3.179.32/3110.3.179.32 – 10.3.179.3310.3.179.33
14610.3.179.34/3110.3.179.34 – 10.3.179.3510.3.179.35
14710.3.179.36/3110.3.179.36 – 10.3.179.3710.3.179.37
14810.3.179.38/3110.3.179.38 – 10.3.179.3910.3.179.39
14910.3.179.40/3110.3.179.40 – 10.3.179.4110.3.179.41
15010.3.179.42/3110.3.179.42 – 10.3.179.4310.3.179.43
15110.3.179.44/3110.3.179.44 – 10.3.179.4510.3.179.45
15210.3.179.46/3110.3.179.46 – 10.3.179.4710.3.179.47
15310.3.179.48/3110.3.179.48 – 10.3.179.4910.3.179.49
15410.3.179.50/3110.3.179.50 – 10.3.179.5110.3.179.51
15510.3.179.52/3110.3.179.52 – 10.3.179.5310.3.179.53
15610.3.179.54/3110.3.179.54 – 10.3.179.5510.3.179.55
15710.3.179.56/3110.3.179.56 – 10.3.179.5710.3.179.57
15810.3.179.58/3110.3.179.58 – 10.3.179.5910.3.179.59
15910.3.179.60/3110.3.179.60 – 10.3.179.6110.3.179.61
16010.3.179.62/3110.3.179.62 – 10.3.179.6310.3.179.63
16110.3.179.64/3110.3.179.64 – 10.3.179.6510.3.179.65
16210.3.179.66/3110.3.179.66 – 10.3.179.6710.3.179.67
16310.3.179.68/3110.3.179.68 – 10.3.179.6910.3.179.69
16410.3.179.70/3110.3.179.70 – 10.3.179.7110.3.179.71
16510.3.179.72/3110.3.179.72 – 10.3.179.7310.3.179.73
16610.3.179.74/3110.3.179.74 – 10.3.179.7510.3.179.75
16710.3.179.76/3110.3.179.76 – 10.3.179.7710.3.179.77
16810.3.179.78/3110.3.179.78 – 10.3.179.7910.3.179.79
16910.3.179.80/3110.3.179.80 – 10.3.179.8110.3.179.81
17010.3.179.82/3110.3.179.82 – 10.3.179.8310.3.179.83
17110.3.179.84/3110.3.179.84 – 10.3.179.8510.3.179.85
17210.3.179.86/3110.3.179.86 – 10.3.179.8710.3.179.87
17310.3.179.88/3110.3.179.88 – 10.3.179.8910.3.179.89
17410.3.179.90/3110.3.179.90 – 10.3.179.9110.3.179.91
17510.3.179.92/3110.3.179.92 – 10.3.179.9310.3.179.93
17610.3.179.94/3110.3.179.94 – 10.3.179.9510.3.179.95
17710.3.179.96/3110.3.179.96 – 10.3.179.9710.3.179.97
17810.3.179.98/3110.3.179.98 – 10.3.179.9910.3.179.99
17910.3.179.100/3110.3.179.100 – 10.3.179.10110.3.179.101
18010.3.179.102/3110.3.179.102 – 10.3.179.10310.3.179.103
18110.3.179.104/3110.3.179.104 – 10.3.179.10510.3.179.105
18210.3.179.106/3110.3.179.106 – 10.3.179.10710.3.179.107
18310.3.179.108/3110.3.179.108 – 10.3.179.10910.3.179.109
18410.3.179.110/3110.3.179.110 – 10.3.179.11110.3.179.111
18510.3.179.112/3110.3.179.112 – 10.3.179.11310.3.179.113
18610.3.179.114/3110.3.179.114 – 10.3.179.11510.3.179.115
18710.3.179.116/3110.3.179.116 – 10.3.179.11710.3.179.117
18810.3.179.118/3110.3.179.118 – 10.3.179.11910.3.179.119
18910.3.179.120/3110.3.179.120 – 10.3.179.12110.3.179.121
19010.3.179.122/3110.3.179.122 – 10.3.179.12310.3.179.123
19110.3.179.124/3110.3.179.124 – 10.3.179.12510.3.179.125
19210.3.179.126/3110.3.179.126 – 10.3.179.12710.3.179.127
19310.3.179.128/3110.3.179.128 – 10.3.179.12910.3.179.129
19410.3.179.130/3110.3.179.130 – 10.3.179.13110.3.179.131
19510.3.179.132/3110.3.179.132 – 10.3.179.13310.3.179.133
19610.3.179.134/3110.3.179.134 – 10.3.179.13510.3.179.135
19710.3.179.136/3110.3.179.136 – 10.3.179.13710.3.179.137
19810.3.179.138/3110.3.179.138 – 10.3.179.13910.3.179.139
19910.3.179.140/3110.3.179.140 – 10.3.179.14110.3.179.141
20010.3.179.142/3110.3.179.142 – 10.3.179.14310.3.179.143
20110.3.179.144/3110.3.179.144 – 10.3.179.14510.3.179.145
20210.3.179.146/3110.3.179.146 – 10.3.179.14710.3.179.147
20310.3.179.148/3110.3.179.148 – 10.3.179.14910.3.179.149
20410.3.179.150/3110.3.179.150 – 10.3.179.15110.3.179.151
20510.3.179.152/3110.3.179.152 – 10.3.179.15310.3.179.153
20610.3.179.154/3110.3.179.154 – 10.3.179.15510.3.179.155
20710.3.179.156/3110.3.179.156 – 10.3.179.15710.3.179.157
20810.3.179.158/3110.3.179.158 – 10.3.179.15910.3.179.159
20910.3.179.160/3110.3.179.160 – 10.3.179.16110.3.179.161
21010.3.179.162/3110.3.179.162 – 10.3.179.16310.3.179.163
21110.3.179.164/3110.3.179.164 – 10.3.179.16510.3.179.165
21210.3.179.166/3110.3.179.166 – 10.3.179.16710.3.179.167
21310.3.179.168/3110.3.179.168 – 10.3.179.16910.3.179.169
21410.3.179.170/3110.3.179.170 – 10.3.179.17110.3.179.171
21510.3.179.172/3110.3.179.172 – 10.3.179.17310.3.179.173
21610.3.179.174/3110.3.179.174 – 10.3.179.17510.3.179.175
21710.3.179.176/3110.3.179.176 – 10.3.179.17710.3.179.177
21810.3.179.178/3110.3.179.178 – 10.3.179.17910.3.179.179
21910.3.179.180/3110.3.179.180 – 10.3.179.18110.3.179.181
22010.3.179.182/3110.3.179.182 – 10.3.179.18310.3.179.183
22110.3.179.184/3110.3.179.184 – 10.3.179.18510.3.179.185
22210.3.179.186/3110.3.179.186 – 10.3.179.18710.3.179.187
22310.3.179.188/3110.3.179.188 – 10.3.179.18910.3.179.189
22410.3.179.190/3110.3.179.190 – 10.3.179.19110.3.179.191
22510.3.179.192/3110.3.179.192 – 10.3.179.19310.3.179.193
22610.3.179.194/3110.3.179.194 – 10.3.179.19510.3.179.195
22710.3.179.196/3110.3.179.196 – 10.3.179.19710.3.179.197
22810.3.179.198/3110.3.179.198 – 10.3.179.19910.3.179.199
22910.3.179.200/3110.3.179.200 – 10.3.179.20110.3.179.201
23010.3.179.202/3110.3.179.202 – 10.3.179.20310.3.179.203
23110.3.179.204/3110.3.179.204 – 10.3.179.20510.3.179.205
23210.3.179.206/3110.3.179.206 – 10.3.179.20710.3.179.207
23310.3.179.208/3110.3.179.208 – 10.3.179.20910.3.179.209
23410.3.179.210/3110.3.179.210 – 10.3.179.21110.3.179.211
23510.3.179.212/3110.3.179.212 – 10.3.179.21310.3.179.213
23610.3.179.214/3110.3.179.214 – 10.3.179.21510.3.179.215
23710.3.179.216/3110.3.179.216 – 10.3.179.21710.3.179.217
23810.3.179.218/3110.3.179.218 – 10.3.179.21910.3.179.219
23910.3.179.220/3110.3.179.220 – 10.3.179.22110.3.179.221
24010.3.179.222/3110.3.179.222 – 10.3.179.22310.3.179.223
24110.3.179.224/3110.3.179.224 – 10.3.179.22510.3.179.225
24210.3.179.226/3110.3.179.226 – 10.3.179.22710.3.179.227
24310.3.179.228/3110.3.179.228 – 10.3.179.22910.3.179.229
24410.3.179.230/3110.3.179.230 – 10.3.179.23110.3.179.231
24510.3.179.232/3110.3.179.232 – 10.3.179.23310.3.179.233
24610.3.179.234/3110.3.179.234 – 10.3.179.23510.3.179.235
24710.3.179.236/3110.3.179.236 – 10.3.179.23710.3.179.237
24810.3.179.238/3110.3.179.238 – 10.3.179.23910.3.179.239
24910.3.179.240/3110.3.179.240 – 10.3.179.24110.3.179.241
25010.3.179.242/3110.3.179.242 – 10.3.179.24310.3.179.243
25110.3.179.244/3110.3.179.244 – 10.3.179.24510.3.179.245
25210.3.179.246/3110.3.179.246 – 10.3.179.24710.3.179.247
25310.3.179.248/3110.3.179.248 – 10.3.179.24910.3.179.249
25410.3.179.250/3110.3.179.250 – 10.3.179.25110.3.179.251
25510.3.179.252/3110.3.179.252 – 10.3.179.25310.3.179.253
25610.3.179.254/3110.3.179.254 – 10.3.179.25510.3.179.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →