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IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.232.86.0/24
network10.232.86.0/24
broadcast10.232.86.255
first host10.232.86.1
last host10.232.86.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.232.86.0/24
address00001010.11101000.01010110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.11101000.01010110.00000000
broadcast00001010.11101000.01010110.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0ae85600
decimal182998528
reverse dns0.86.232.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:ae8:5600

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.232.86.0/3210.232.86.0 – 10.232.86.010.232.86.0
210.232.86.1/3210.232.86.1 – 10.232.86.110.232.86.1
310.232.86.2/3210.232.86.2 – 10.232.86.210.232.86.2
410.232.86.3/3210.232.86.3 – 10.232.86.310.232.86.3
510.232.86.4/3210.232.86.4 – 10.232.86.410.232.86.4
610.232.86.5/3210.232.86.5 – 10.232.86.510.232.86.5
710.232.86.6/3210.232.86.6 – 10.232.86.610.232.86.6
810.232.86.7/3210.232.86.7 – 10.232.86.710.232.86.7
910.232.86.8/3210.232.86.8 – 10.232.86.810.232.86.8
1010.232.86.9/3210.232.86.9 – 10.232.86.910.232.86.9
1110.232.86.10/3210.232.86.10 – 10.232.86.1010.232.86.10
1210.232.86.11/3210.232.86.11 – 10.232.86.1110.232.86.11
1310.232.86.12/3210.232.86.12 – 10.232.86.1210.232.86.12
1410.232.86.13/3210.232.86.13 – 10.232.86.1310.232.86.13
1510.232.86.14/3210.232.86.14 – 10.232.86.1410.232.86.14
1610.232.86.15/3210.232.86.15 – 10.232.86.1510.232.86.15
1710.232.86.16/3210.232.86.16 – 10.232.86.1610.232.86.16
1810.232.86.17/3210.232.86.17 – 10.232.86.1710.232.86.17
1910.232.86.18/3210.232.86.18 – 10.232.86.1810.232.86.18
2010.232.86.19/3210.232.86.19 – 10.232.86.1910.232.86.19
2110.232.86.20/3210.232.86.20 – 10.232.86.2010.232.86.20
2210.232.86.21/3210.232.86.21 – 10.232.86.2110.232.86.21
2310.232.86.22/3210.232.86.22 – 10.232.86.2210.232.86.22
2410.232.86.23/3210.232.86.23 – 10.232.86.2310.232.86.23
2510.232.86.24/3210.232.86.24 – 10.232.86.2410.232.86.24
2610.232.86.25/3210.232.86.25 – 10.232.86.2510.232.86.25
2710.232.86.26/3210.232.86.26 – 10.232.86.2610.232.86.26
2810.232.86.27/3210.232.86.27 – 10.232.86.2710.232.86.27
2910.232.86.28/3210.232.86.28 – 10.232.86.2810.232.86.28
3010.232.86.29/3210.232.86.29 – 10.232.86.2910.232.86.29
3110.232.86.30/3210.232.86.30 – 10.232.86.3010.232.86.30
3210.232.86.31/3210.232.86.31 – 10.232.86.3110.232.86.31
3310.232.86.32/3210.232.86.32 – 10.232.86.3210.232.86.32
3410.232.86.33/3210.232.86.33 – 10.232.86.3310.232.86.33
3510.232.86.34/3210.232.86.34 – 10.232.86.3410.232.86.34
3610.232.86.35/3210.232.86.35 – 10.232.86.3510.232.86.35
3710.232.86.36/3210.232.86.36 – 10.232.86.3610.232.86.36
3810.232.86.37/3210.232.86.37 – 10.232.86.3710.232.86.37
3910.232.86.38/3210.232.86.38 – 10.232.86.3810.232.86.38
4010.232.86.39/3210.232.86.39 – 10.232.86.3910.232.86.39
4110.232.86.40/3210.232.86.40 – 10.232.86.4010.232.86.40
4210.232.86.41/3210.232.86.41 – 10.232.86.4110.232.86.41
4310.232.86.42/3210.232.86.42 – 10.232.86.4210.232.86.42
4410.232.86.43/3210.232.86.43 – 10.232.86.4310.232.86.43
4510.232.86.44/3210.232.86.44 – 10.232.86.4410.232.86.44
4610.232.86.45/3210.232.86.45 – 10.232.86.4510.232.86.45
4710.232.86.46/3210.232.86.46 – 10.232.86.4610.232.86.46
4810.232.86.47/3210.232.86.47 – 10.232.86.4710.232.86.47
4910.232.86.48/3210.232.86.48 – 10.232.86.4810.232.86.48
5010.232.86.49/3210.232.86.49 – 10.232.86.4910.232.86.49
5110.232.86.50/3210.232.86.50 – 10.232.86.5010.232.86.50
5210.232.86.51/3210.232.86.51 – 10.232.86.5110.232.86.51
5310.232.86.52/3210.232.86.52 – 10.232.86.5210.232.86.52
5410.232.86.53/3210.232.86.53 – 10.232.86.5310.232.86.53
5510.232.86.54/3210.232.86.54 – 10.232.86.5410.232.86.54
5610.232.86.55/3210.232.86.55 – 10.232.86.5510.232.86.55
5710.232.86.56/3210.232.86.56 – 10.232.86.5610.232.86.56
5810.232.86.57/3210.232.86.57 – 10.232.86.5710.232.86.57
5910.232.86.58/3210.232.86.58 – 10.232.86.5810.232.86.58
6010.232.86.59/3210.232.86.59 – 10.232.86.5910.232.86.59
6110.232.86.60/3210.232.86.60 – 10.232.86.6010.232.86.60
6210.232.86.61/3210.232.86.61 – 10.232.86.6110.232.86.61
6310.232.86.62/3210.232.86.62 – 10.232.86.6210.232.86.62
6410.232.86.63/3210.232.86.63 – 10.232.86.6310.232.86.63
6510.232.86.64/3210.232.86.64 – 10.232.86.6410.232.86.64
6610.232.86.65/3210.232.86.65 – 10.232.86.6510.232.86.65
6710.232.86.66/3210.232.86.66 – 10.232.86.6610.232.86.66
6810.232.86.67/3210.232.86.67 – 10.232.86.6710.232.86.67
6910.232.86.68/3210.232.86.68 – 10.232.86.6810.232.86.68
7010.232.86.69/3210.232.86.69 – 10.232.86.6910.232.86.69
7110.232.86.70/3210.232.86.70 – 10.232.86.7010.232.86.70
7210.232.86.71/3210.232.86.71 – 10.232.86.7110.232.86.71
7310.232.86.72/3210.232.86.72 – 10.232.86.7210.232.86.72
7410.232.86.73/3210.232.86.73 – 10.232.86.7310.232.86.73
7510.232.86.74/3210.232.86.74 – 10.232.86.7410.232.86.74
7610.232.86.75/3210.232.86.75 – 10.232.86.7510.232.86.75
7710.232.86.76/3210.232.86.76 – 10.232.86.7610.232.86.76
7810.232.86.77/3210.232.86.77 – 10.232.86.7710.232.86.77
7910.232.86.78/3210.232.86.78 – 10.232.86.7810.232.86.78
8010.232.86.79/3210.232.86.79 – 10.232.86.7910.232.86.79
8110.232.86.80/3210.232.86.80 – 10.232.86.8010.232.86.80
8210.232.86.81/3210.232.86.81 – 10.232.86.8110.232.86.81
8310.232.86.82/3210.232.86.82 – 10.232.86.8210.232.86.82
8410.232.86.83/3210.232.86.83 – 10.232.86.8310.232.86.83
8510.232.86.84/3210.232.86.84 – 10.232.86.8410.232.86.84
8610.232.86.85/3210.232.86.85 – 10.232.86.8510.232.86.85
8710.232.86.86/3210.232.86.86 – 10.232.86.8610.232.86.86
8810.232.86.87/3210.232.86.87 – 10.232.86.8710.232.86.87
8910.232.86.88/3210.232.86.88 – 10.232.86.8810.232.86.88
9010.232.86.89/3210.232.86.89 – 10.232.86.8910.232.86.89
9110.232.86.90/3210.232.86.90 – 10.232.86.9010.232.86.90
9210.232.86.91/3210.232.86.91 – 10.232.86.9110.232.86.91
9310.232.86.92/3210.232.86.92 – 10.232.86.9210.232.86.92
9410.232.86.93/3210.232.86.93 – 10.232.86.9310.232.86.93
9510.232.86.94/3210.232.86.94 – 10.232.86.9410.232.86.94
9610.232.86.95/3210.232.86.95 – 10.232.86.9510.232.86.95
9710.232.86.96/3210.232.86.96 – 10.232.86.9610.232.86.96
9810.232.86.97/3210.232.86.97 – 10.232.86.9710.232.86.97
9910.232.86.98/3210.232.86.98 – 10.232.86.9810.232.86.98
10010.232.86.99/3210.232.86.99 – 10.232.86.9910.232.86.99
10110.232.86.100/3210.232.86.100 – 10.232.86.10010.232.86.100
10210.232.86.101/3210.232.86.101 – 10.232.86.10110.232.86.101
10310.232.86.102/3210.232.86.102 – 10.232.86.10210.232.86.102
10410.232.86.103/3210.232.86.103 – 10.232.86.10310.232.86.103
10510.232.86.104/3210.232.86.104 – 10.232.86.10410.232.86.104
10610.232.86.105/3210.232.86.105 – 10.232.86.10510.232.86.105
10710.232.86.106/3210.232.86.106 – 10.232.86.10610.232.86.106
10810.232.86.107/3210.232.86.107 – 10.232.86.10710.232.86.107
10910.232.86.108/3210.232.86.108 – 10.232.86.10810.232.86.108
11010.232.86.109/3210.232.86.109 – 10.232.86.10910.232.86.109
11110.232.86.110/3210.232.86.110 – 10.232.86.11010.232.86.110
11210.232.86.111/3210.232.86.111 – 10.232.86.11110.232.86.111
11310.232.86.112/3210.232.86.112 – 10.232.86.11210.232.86.112
11410.232.86.113/3210.232.86.113 – 10.232.86.11310.232.86.113
11510.232.86.114/3210.232.86.114 – 10.232.86.11410.232.86.114
11610.232.86.115/3210.232.86.115 – 10.232.86.11510.232.86.115
11710.232.86.116/3210.232.86.116 – 10.232.86.11610.232.86.116
11810.232.86.117/3210.232.86.117 – 10.232.86.11710.232.86.117
11910.232.86.118/3210.232.86.118 – 10.232.86.11810.232.86.118
12010.232.86.119/3210.232.86.119 – 10.232.86.11910.232.86.119
12110.232.86.120/3210.232.86.120 – 10.232.86.12010.232.86.120
12210.232.86.121/3210.232.86.121 – 10.232.86.12110.232.86.121
12310.232.86.122/3210.232.86.122 – 10.232.86.12210.232.86.122
12410.232.86.123/3210.232.86.123 – 10.232.86.12310.232.86.123
12510.232.86.124/3210.232.86.124 – 10.232.86.12410.232.86.124
12610.232.86.125/3210.232.86.125 – 10.232.86.12510.232.86.125
12710.232.86.126/3210.232.86.126 – 10.232.86.12610.232.86.126
12810.232.86.127/3210.232.86.127 – 10.232.86.12710.232.86.127
12910.232.86.128/3210.232.86.128 – 10.232.86.12810.232.86.128
13010.232.86.129/3210.232.86.129 – 10.232.86.12910.232.86.129
13110.232.86.130/3210.232.86.130 – 10.232.86.13010.232.86.130
13210.232.86.131/3210.232.86.131 – 10.232.86.13110.232.86.131
13310.232.86.132/3210.232.86.132 – 10.232.86.13210.232.86.132
13410.232.86.133/3210.232.86.133 – 10.232.86.13310.232.86.133
13510.232.86.134/3210.232.86.134 – 10.232.86.13410.232.86.134
13610.232.86.135/3210.232.86.135 – 10.232.86.13510.232.86.135
13710.232.86.136/3210.232.86.136 – 10.232.86.13610.232.86.136
13810.232.86.137/3210.232.86.137 – 10.232.86.13710.232.86.137
13910.232.86.138/3210.232.86.138 – 10.232.86.13810.232.86.138
14010.232.86.139/3210.232.86.139 – 10.232.86.13910.232.86.139
14110.232.86.140/3210.232.86.140 – 10.232.86.14010.232.86.140
14210.232.86.141/3210.232.86.141 – 10.232.86.14110.232.86.141
14310.232.86.142/3210.232.86.142 – 10.232.86.14210.232.86.142
14410.232.86.143/3210.232.86.143 – 10.232.86.14310.232.86.143
14510.232.86.144/3210.232.86.144 – 10.232.86.14410.232.86.144
14610.232.86.145/3210.232.86.145 – 10.232.86.14510.232.86.145
14710.232.86.146/3210.232.86.146 – 10.232.86.14610.232.86.146
14810.232.86.147/3210.232.86.147 – 10.232.86.14710.232.86.147
14910.232.86.148/3210.232.86.148 – 10.232.86.14810.232.86.148
15010.232.86.149/3210.232.86.149 – 10.232.86.14910.232.86.149
15110.232.86.150/3210.232.86.150 – 10.232.86.15010.232.86.150
15210.232.86.151/3210.232.86.151 – 10.232.86.15110.232.86.151
15310.232.86.152/3210.232.86.152 – 10.232.86.15210.232.86.152
15410.232.86.153/3210.232.86.153 – 10.232.86.15310.232.86.153
15510.232.86.154/3210.232.86.154 – 10.232.86.15410.232.86.154
15610.232.86.155/3210.232.86.155 – 10.232.86.15510.232.86.155
15710.232.86.156/3210.232.86.156 – 10.232.86.15610.232.86.156
15810.232.86.157/3210.232.86.157 – 10.232.86.15710.232.86.157
15910.232.86.158/3210.232.86.158 – 10.232.86.15810.232.86.158
16010.232.86.159/3210.232.86.159 – 10.232.86.15910.232.86.159
16110.232.86.160/3210.232.86.160 – 10.232.86.16010.232.86.160
16210.232.86.161/3210.232.86.161 – 10.232.86.16110.232.86.161
16310.232.86.162/3210.232.86.162 – 10.232.86.16210.232.86.162
16410.232.86.163/3210.232.86.163 – 10.232.86.16310.232.86.163
16510.232.86.164/3210.232.86.164 – 10.232.86.16410.232.86.164
16610.232.86.165/3210.232.86.165 – 10.232.86.16510.232.86.165
16710.232.86.166/3210.232.86.166 – 10.232.86.16610.232.86.166
16810.232.86.167/3210.232.86.167 – 10.232.86.16710.232.86.167
16910.232.86.168/3210.232.86.168 – 10.232.86.16810.232.86.168
17010.232.86.169/3210.232.86.169 – 10.232.86.16910.232.86.169
17110.232.86.170/3210.232.86.170 – 10.232.86.17010.232.86.170
17210.232.86.171/3210.232.86.171 – 10.232.86.17110.232.86.171
17310.232.86.172/3210.232.86.172 – 10.232.86.17210.232.86.172
17410.232.86.173/3210.232.86.173 – 10.232.86.17310.232.86.173
17510.232.86.174/3210.232.86.174 – 10.232.86.17410.232.86.174
17610.232.86.175/3210.232.86.175 – 10.232.86.17510.232.86.175
17710.232.86.176/3210.232.86.176 – 10.232.86.17610.232.86.176
17810.232.86.177/3210.232.86.177 – 10.232.86.17710.232.86.177
17910.232.86.178/3210.232.86.178 – 10.232.86.17810.232.86.178
18010.232.86.179/3210.232.86.179 – 10.232.86.17910.232.86.179
18110.232.86.180/3210.232.86.180 – 10.232.86.18010.232.86.180
18210.232.86.181/3210.232.86.181 – 10.232.86.18110.232.86.181
18310.232.86.182/3210.232.86.182 – 10.232.86.18210.232.86.182
18410.232.86.183/3210.232.86.183 – 10.232.86.18310.232.86.183
18510.232.86.184/3210.232.86.184 – 10.232.86.18410.232.86.184
18610.232.86.185/3210.232.86.185 – 10.232.86.18510.232.86.185
18710.232.86.186/3210.232.86.186 – 10.232.86.18610.232.86.186
18810.232.86.187/3210.232.86.187 – 10.232.86.18710.232.86.187
18910.232.86.188/3210.232.86.188 – 10.232.86.18810.232.86.188
19010.232.86.189/3210.232.86.189 – 10.232.86.18910.232.86.189
19110.232.86.190/3210.232.86.190 – 10.232.86.19010.232.86.190
19210.232.86.191/3210.232.86.191 – 10.232.86.19110.232.86.191
19310.232.86.192/3210.232.86.192 – 10.232.86.19210.232.86.192
19410.232.86.193/3210.232.86.193 – 10.232.86.19310.232.86.193
19510.232.86.194/3210.232.86.194 – 10.232.86.19410.232.86.194
19610.232.86.195/3210.232.86.195 – 10.232.86.19510.232.86.195
19710.232.86.196/3210.232.86.196 – 10.232.86.19610.232.86.196
19810.232.86.197/3210.232.86.197 – 10.232.86.19710.232.86.197
19910.232.86.198/3210.232.86.198 – 10.232.86.19810.232.86.198
20010.232.86.199/3210.232.86.199 – 10.232.86.19910.232.86.199
20110.232.86.200/3210.232.86.200 – 10.232.86.20010.232.86.200
20210.232.86.201/3210.232.86.201 – 10.232.86.20110.232.86.201
20310.232.86.202/3210.232.86.202 – 10.232.86.20210.232.86.202
20410.232.86.203/3210.232.86.203 – 10.232.86.20310.232.86.203
20510.232.86.204/3210.232.86.204 – 10.232.86.20410.232.86.204
20610.232.86.205/3210.232.86.205 – 10.232.86.20510.232.86.205
20710.232.86.206/3210.232.86.206 – 10.232.86.20610.232.86.206
20810.232.86.207/3210.232.86.207 – 10.232.86.20710.232.86.207
20910.232.86.208/3210.232.86.208 – 10.232.86.20810.232.86.208
21010.232.86.209/3210.232.86.209 – 10.232.86.20910.232.86.209
21110.232.86.210/3210.232.86.210 – 10.232.86.21010.232.86.210
21210.232.86.211/3210.232.86.211 – 10.232.86.21110.232.86.211
21310.232.86.212/3210.232.86.212 – 10.232.86.21210.232.86.212
21410.232.86.213/3210.232.86.213 – 10.232.86.21310.232.86.213
21510.232.86.214/3210.232.86.214 – 10.232.86.21410.232.86.214
21610.232.86.215/3210.232.86.215 – 10.232.86.21510.232.86.215
21710.232.86.216/3210.232.86.216 – 10.232.86.21610.232.86.216
21810.232.86.217/3210.232.86.217 – 10.232.86.21710.232.86.217
21910.232.86.218/3210.232.86.218 – 10.232.86.21810.232.86.218
22010.232.86.219/3210.232.86.219 – 10.232.86.21910.232.86.219
22110.232.86.220/3210.232.86.220 – 10.232.86.22010.232.86.220
22210.232.86.221/3210.232.86.221 – 10.232.86.22110.232.86.221
22310.232.86.222/3210.232.86.222 – 10.232.86.22210.232.86.222
22410.232.86.223/3210.232.86.223 – 10.232.86.22310.232.86.223
22510.232.86.224/3210.232.86.224 – 10.232.86.22410.232.86.224
22610.232.86.225/3210.232.86.225 – 10.232.86.22510.232.86.225
22710.232.86.226/3210.232.86.226 – 10.232.86.22610.232.86.226
22810.232.86.227/3210.232.86.227 – 10.232.86.22710.232.86.227
22910.232.86.228/3210.232.86.228 – 10.232.86.22810.232.86.228
23010.232.86.229/3210.232.86.229 – 10.232.86.22910.232.86.229
23110.232.86.230/3210.232.86.230 – 10.232.86.23010.232.86.230
23210.232.86.231/3210.232.86.231 – 10.232.86.23110.232.86.231
23310.232.86.232/3210.232.86.232 – 10.232.86.23210.232.86.232
23410.232.86.233/3210.232.86.233 – 10.232.86.23310.232.86.233
23510.232.86.234/3210.232.86.234 – 10.232.86.23410.232.86.234
23610.232.86.235/3210.232.86.235 – 10.232.86.23510.232.86.235
23710.232.86.236/3210.232.86.236 – 10.232.86.23610.232.86.236
23810.232.86.237/3210.232.86.237 – 10.232.86.23710.232.86.237
23910.232.86.238/3210.232.86.238 – 10.232.86.23810.232.86.238
24010.232.86.239/3210.232.86.239 – 10.232.86.23910.232.86.239
24110.232.86.240/3210.232.86.240 – 10.232.86.24010.232.86.240
24210.232.86.241/3210.232.86.241 – 10.232.86.24110.232.86.241
24310.232.86.242/3210.232.86.242 – 10.232.86.24210.232.86.242
24410.232.86.243/3210.232.86.243 – 10.232.86.24310.232.86.243
24510.232.86.244/3210.232.86.244 – 10.232.86.24410.232.86.244
24610.232.86.245/3210.232.86.245 – 10.232.86.24510.232.86.245
24710.232.86.246/3210.232.86.246 – 10.232.86.24610.232.86.246
24810.232.86.247/3210.232.86.247 – 10.232.86.24710.232.86.247
24910.232.86.248/3210.232.86.248 – 10.232.86.24810.232.86.248
25010.232.86.249/3210.232.86.249 – 10.232.86.24910.232.86.249
25110.232.86.250/3210.232.86.250 – 10.232.86.25010.232.86.250
25210.232.86.251/3210.232.86.251 – 10.232.86.25110.232.86.251
25310.232.86.252/3210.232.86.252 – 10.232.86.25210.232.86.252
25410.232.86.253/3210.232.86.253 – 10.232.86.25310.232.86.253
25510.232.86.254/3210.232.86.254 – 10.232.86.25410.232.86.254
25610.232.86.255/3210.232.86.255 – 10.232.86.25510.232.86.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →