ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.232.40.0/23
network10.232.40.0/23
broadcast10.232.41.255
first host10.232.40.1
last host10.232.41.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.232.40.0/23
address00001010.11101000.00101000.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.11101000.00101000.00000000
broadcast00001010.11101000.00101001.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0ae82800
decimal182986752
reverse dns0.40.232.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:ae8:2800

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.232.40.0/3110.232.40.0 – 10.232.40.110.232.40.1
210.232.40.2/3110.232.40.2 – 10.232.40.310.232.40.3
310.232.40.4/3110.232.40.4 – 10.232.40.510.232.40.5
410.232.40.6/3110.232.40.6 – 10.232.40.710.232.40.7
510.232.40.8/3110.232.40.8 – 10.232.40.910.232.40.9
610.232.40.10/3110.232.40.10 – 10.232.40.1110.232.40.11
710.232.40.12/3110.232.40.12 – 10.232.40.1310.232.40.13
810.232.40.14/3110.232.40.14 – 10.232.40.1510.232.40.15
910.232.40.16/3110.232.40.16 – 10.232.40.1710.232.40.17
1010.232.40.18/3110.232.40.18 – 10.232.40.1910.232.40.19
1110.232.40.20/3110.232.40.20 – 10.232.40.2110.232.40.21
1210.232.40.22/3110.232.40.22 – 10.232.40.2310.232.40.23
1310.232.40.24/3110.232.40.24 – 10.232.40.2510.232.40.25
1410.232.40.26/3110.232.40.26 – 10.232.40.2710.232.40.27
1510.232.40.28/3110.232.40.28 – 10.232.40.2910.232.40.29
1610.232.40.30/3110.232.40.30 – 10.232.40.3110.232.40.31
1710.232.40.32/3110.232.40.32 – 10.232.40.3310.232.40.33
1810.232.40.34/3110.232.40.34 – 10.232.40.3510.232.40.35
1910.232.40.36/3110.232.40.36 – 10.232.40.3710.232.40.37
2010.232.40.38/3110.232.40.38 – 10.232.40.3910.232.40.39
2110.232.40.40/3110.232.40.40 – 10.232.40.4110.232.40.41
2210.232.40.42/3110.232.40.42 – 10.232.40.4310.232.40.43
2310.232.40.44/3110.232.40.44 – 10.232.40.4510.232.40.45
2410.232.40.46/3110.232.40.46 – 10.232.40.4710.232.40.47
2510.232.40.48/3110.232.40.48 – 10.232.40.4910.232.40.49
2610.232.40.50/3110.232.40.50 – 10.232.40.5110.232.40.51
2710.232.40.52/3110.232.40.52 – 10.232.40.5310.232.40.53
2810.232.40.54/3110.232.40.54 – 10.232.40.5510.232.40.55
2910.232.40.56/3110.232.40.56 – 10.232.40.5710.232.40.57
3010.232.40.58/3110.232.40.58 – 10.232.40.5910.232.40.59
3110.232.40.60/3110.232.40.60 – 10.232.40.6110.232.40.61
3210.232.40.62/3110.232.40.62 – 10.232.40.6310.232.40.63
3310.232.40.64/3110.232.40.64 – 10.232.40.6510.232.40.65
3410.232.40.66/3110.232.40.66 – 10.232.40.6710.232.40.67
3510.232.40.68/3110.232.40.68 – 10.232.40.6910.232.40.69
3610.232.40.70/3110.232.40.70 – 10.232.40.7110.232.40.71
3710.232.40.72/3110.232.40.72 – 10.232.40.7310.232.40.73
3810.232.40.74/3110.232.40.74 – 10.232.40.7510.232.40.75
3910.232.40.76/3110.232.40.76 – 10.232.40.7710.232.40.77
4010.232.40.78/3110.232.40.78 – 10.232.40.7910.232.40.79
4110.232.40.80/3110.232.40.80 – 10.232.40.8110.232.40.81
4210.232.40.82/3110.232.40.82 – 10.232.40.8310.232.40.83
4310.232.40.84/3110.232.40.84 – 10.232.40.8510.232.40.85
4410.232.40.86/3110.232.40.86 – 10.232.40.8710.232.40.87
4510.232.40.88/3110.232.40.88 – 10.232.40.8910.232.40.89
4610.232.40.90/3110.232.40.90 – 10.232.40.9110.232.40.91
4710.232.40.92/3110.232.40.92 – 10.232.40.9310.232.40.93
4810.232.40.94/3110.232.40.94 – 10.232.40.9510.232.40.95
4910.232.40.96/3110.232.40.96 – 10.232.40.9710.232.40.97
5010.232.40.98/3110.232.40.98 – 10.232.40.9910.232.40.99
5110.232.40.100/3110.232.40.100 – 10.232.40.10110.232.40.101
5210.232.40.102/3110.232.40.102 – 10.232.40.10310.232.40.103
5310.232.40.104/3110.232.40.104 – 10.232.40.10510.232.40.105
5410.232.40.106/3110.232.40.106 – 10.232.40.10710.232.40.107
5510.232.40.108/3110.232.40.108 – 10.232.40.10910.232.40.109
5610.232.40.110/3110.232.40.110 – 10.232.40.11110.232.40.111
5710.232.40.112/3110.232.40.112 – 10.232.40.11310.232.40.113
5810.232.40.114/3110.232.40.114 – 10.232.40.11510.232.40.115
5910.232.40.116/3110.232.40.116 – 10.232.40.11710.232.40.117
6010.232.40.118/3110.232.40.118 – 10.232.40.11910.232.40.119
6110.232.40.120/3110.232.40.120 – 10.232.40.12110.232.40.121
6210.232.40.122/3110.232.40.122 – 10.232.40.12310.232.40.123
6310.232.40.124/3110.232.40.124 – 10.232.40.12510.232.40.125
6410.232.40.126/3110.232.40.126 – 10.232.40.12710.232.40.127
6510.232.40.128/3110.232.40.128 – 10.232.40.12910.232.40.129
6610.232.40.130/3110.232.40.130 – 10.232.40.13110.232.40.131
6710.232.40.132/3110.232.40.132 – 10.232.40.13310.232.40.133
6810.232.40.134/3110.232.40.134 – 10.232.40.13510.232.40.135
6910.232.40.136/3110.232.40.136 – 10.232.40.13710.232.40.137
7010.232.40.138/3110.232.40.138 – 10.232.40.13910.232.40.139
7110.232.40.140/3110.232.40.140 – 10.232.40.14110.232.40.141
7210.232.40.142/3110.232.40.142 – 10.232.40.14310.232.40.143
7310.232.40.144/3110.232.40.144 – 10.232.40.14510.232.40.145
7410.232.40.146/3110.232.40.146 – 10.232.40.14710.232.40.147
7510.232.40.148/3110.232.40.148 – 10.232.40.14910.232.40.149
7610.232.40.150/3110.232.40.150 – 10.232.40.15110.232.40.151
7710.232.40.152/3110.232.40.152 – 10.232.40.15310.232.40.153
7810.232.40.154/3110.232.40.154 – 10.232.40.15510.232.40.155
7910.232.40.156/3110.232.40.156 – 10.232.40.15710.232.40.157
8010.232.40.158/3110.232.40.158 – 10.232.40.15910.232.40.159
8110.232.40.160/3110.232.40.160 – 10.232.40.16110.232.40.161
8210.232.40.162/3110.232.40.162 – 10.232.40.16310.232.40.163
8310.232.40.164/3110.232.40.164 – 10.232.40.16510.232.40.165
8410.232.40.166/3110.232.40.166 – 10.232.40.16710.232.40.167
8510.232.40.168/3110.232.40.168 – 10.232.40.16910.232.40.169
8610.232.40.170/3110.232.40.170 – 10.232.40.17110.232.40.171
8710.232.40.172/3110.232.40.172 – 10.232.40.17310.232.40.173
8810.232.40.174/3110.232.40.174 – 10.232.40.17510.232.40.175
8910.232.40.176/3110.232.40.176 – 10.232.40.17710.232.40.177
9010.232.40.178/3110.232.40.178 – 10.232.40.17910.232.40.179
9110.232.40.180/3110.232.40.180 – 10.232.40.18110.232.40.181
9210.232.40.182/3110.232.40.182 – 10.232.40.18310.232.40.183
9310.232.40.184/3110.232.40.184 – 10.232.40.18510.232.40.185
9410.232.40.186/3110.232.40.186 – 10.232.40.18710.232.40.187
9510.232.40.188/3110.232.40.188 – 10.232.40.18910.232.40.189
9610.232.40.190/3110.232.40.190 – 10.232.40.19110.232.40.191
9710.232.40.192/3110.232.40.192 – 10.232.40.19310.232.40.193
9810.232.40.194/3110.232.40.194 – 10.232.40.19510.232.40.195
9910.232.40.196/3110.232.40.196 – 10.232.40.19710.232.40.197
10010.232.40.198/3110.232.40.198 – 10.232.40.19910.232.40.199
10110.232.40.200/3110.232.40.200 – 10.232.40.20110.232.40.201
10210.232.40.202/3110.232.40.202 – 10.232.40.20310.232.40.203
10310.232.40.204/3110.232.40.204 – 10.232.40.20510.232.40.205
10410.232.40.206/3110.232.40.206 – 10.232.40.20710.232.40.207
10510.232.40.208/3110.232.40.208 – 10.232.40.20910.232.40.209
10610.232.40.210/3110.232.40.210 – 10.232.40.21110.232.40.211
10710.232.40.212/3110.232.40.212 – 10.232.40.21310.232.40.213
10810.232.40.214/3110.232.40.214 – 10.232.40.21510.232.40.215
10910.232.40.216/3110.232.40.216 – 10.232.40.21710.232.40.217
11010.232.40.218/3110.232.40.218 – 10.232.40.21910.232.40.219
11110.232.40.220/3110.232.40.220 – 10.232.40.22110.232.40.221
11210.232.40.222/3110.232.40.222 – 10.232.40.22310.232.40.223
11310.232.40.224/3110.232.40.224 – 10.232.40.22510.232.40.225
11410.232.40.226/3110.232.40.226 – 10.232.40.22710.232.40.227
11510.232.40.228/3110.232.40.228 – 10.232.40.22910.232.40.229
11610.232.40.230/3110.232.40.230 – 10.232.40.23110.232.40.231
11710.232.40.232/3110.232.40.232 – 10.232.40.23310.232.40.233
11810.232.40.234/3110.232.40.234 – 10.232.40.23510.232.40.235
11910.232.40.236/3110.232.40.236 – 10.232.40.23710.232.40.237
12010.232.40.238/3110.232.40.238 – 10.232.40.23910.232.40.239
12110.232.40.240/3110.232.40.240 – 10.232.40.24110.232.40.241
12210.232.40.242/3110.232.40.242 – 10.232.40.24310.232.40.243
12310.232.40.244/3110.232.40.244 – 10.232.40.24510.232.40.245
12410.232.40.246/3110.232.40.246 – 10.232.40.24710.232.40.247
12510.232.40.248/3110.232.40.248 – 10.232.40.24910.232.40.249
12610.232.40.250/3110.232.40.250 – 10.232.40.25110.232.40.251
12710.232.40.252/3110.232.40.252 – 10.232.40.25310.232.40.253
12810.232.40.254/3110.232.40.254 – 10.232.40.25510.232.40.255
12910.232.41.0/3110.232.41.0 – 10.232.41.110.232.41.1
13010.232.41.2/3110.232.41.2 – 10.232.41.310.232.41.3
13110.232.41.4/3110.232.41.4 – 10.232.41.510.232.41.5
13210.232.41.6/3110.232.41.6 – 10.232.41.710.232.41.7
13310.232.41.8/3110.232.41.8 – 10.232.41.910.232.41.9
13410.232.41.10/3110.232.41.10 – 10.232.41.1110.232.41.11
13510.232.41.12/3110.232.41.12 – 10.232.41.1310.232.41.13
13610.232.41.14/3110.232.41.14 – 10.232.41.1510.232.41.15
13710.232.41.16/3110.232.41.16 – 10.232.41.1710.232.41.17
13810.232.41.18/3110.232.41.18 – 10.232.41.1910.232.41.19
13910.232.41.20/3110.232.41.20 – 10.232.41.2110.232.41.21
14010.232.41.22/3110.232.41.22 – 10.232.41.2310.232.41.23
14110.232.41.24/3110.232.41.24 – 10.232.41.2510.232.41.25
14210.232.41.26/3110.232.41.26 – 10.232.41.2710.232.41.27
14310.232.41.28/3110.232.41.28 – 10.232.41.2910.232.41.29
14410.232.41.30/3110.232.41.30 – 10.232.41.3110.232.41.31
14510.232.41.32/3110.232.41.32 – 10.232.41.3310.232.41.33
14610.232.41.34/3110.232.41.34 – 10.232.41.3510.232.41.35
14710.232.41.36/3110.232.41.36 – 10.232.41.3710.232.41.37
14810.232.41.38/3110.232.41.38 – 10.232.41.3910.232.41.39
14910.232.41.40/3110.232.41.40 – 10.232.41.4110.232.41.41
15010.232.41.42/3110.232.41.42 – 10.232.41.4310.232.41.43
15110.232.41.44/3110.232.41.44 – 10.232.41.4510.232.41.45
15210.232.41.46/3110.232.41.46 – 10.232.41.4710.232.41.47
15310.232.41.48/3110.232.41.48 – 10.232.41.4910.232.41.49
15410.232.41.50/3110.232.41.50 – 10.232.41.5110.232.41.51
15510.232.41.52/3110.232.41.52 – 10.232.41.5310.232.41.53
15610.232.41.54/3110.232.41.54 – 10.232.41.5510.232.41.55
15710.232.41.56/3110.232.41.56 – 10.232.41.5710.232.41.57
15810.232.41.58/3110.232.41.58 – 10.232.41.5910.232.41.59
15910.232.41.60/3110.232.41.60 – 10.232.41.6110.232.41.61
16010.232.41.62/3110.232.41.62 – 10.232.41.6310.232.41.63
16110.232.41.64/3110.232.41.64 – 10.232.41.6510.232.41.65
16210.232.41.66/3110.232.41.66 – 10.232.41.6710.232.41.67
16310.232.41.68/3110.232.41.68 – 10.232.41.6910.232.41.69
16410.232.41.70/3110.232.41.70 – 10.232.41.7110.232.41.71
16510.232.41.72/3110.232.41.72 – 10.232.41.7310.232.41.73
16610.232.41.74/3110.232.41.74 – 10.232.41.7510.232.41.75
16710.232.41.76/3110.232.41.76 – 10.232.41.7710.232.41.77
16810.232.41.78/3110.232.41.78 – 10.232.41.7910.232.41.79
16910.232.41.80/3110.232.41.80 – 10.232.41.8110.232.41.81
17010.232.41.82/3110.232.41.82 – 10.232.41.8310.232.41.83
17110.232.41.84/3110.232.41.84 – 10.232.41.8510.232.41.85
17210.232.41.86/3110.232.41.86 – 10.232.41.8710.232.41.87
17310.232.41.88/3110.232.41.88 – 10.232.41.8910.232.41.89
17410.232.41.90/3110.232.41.90 – 10.232.41.9110.232.41.91
17510.232.41.92/3110.232.41.92 – 10.232.41.9310.232.41.93
17610.232.41.94/3110.232.41.94 – 10.232.41.9510.232.41.95
17710.232.41.96/3110.232.41.96 – 10.232.41.9710.232.41.97
17810.232.41.98/3110.232.41.98 – 10.232.41.9910.232.41.99
17910.232.41.100/3110.232.41.100 – 10.232.41.10110.232.41.101
18010.232.41.102/3110.232.41.102 – 10.232.41.10310.232.41.103
18110.232.41.104/3110.232.41.104 – 10.232.41.10510.232.41.105
18210.232.41.106/3110.232.41.106 – 10.232.41.10710.232.41.107
18310.232.41.108/3110.232.41.108 – 10.232.41.10910.232.41.109
18410.232.41.110/3110.232.41.110 – 10.232.41.11110.232.41.111
18510.232.41.112/3110.232.41.112 – 10.232.41.11310.232.41.113
18610.232.41.114/3110.232.41.114 – 10.232.41.11510.232.41.115
18710.232.41.116/3110.232.41.116 – 10.232.41.11710.232.41.117
18810.232.41.118/3110.232.41.118 – 10.232.41.11910.232.41.119
18910.232.41.120/3110.232.41.120 – 10.232.41.12110.232.41.121
19010.232.41.122/3110.232.41.122 – 10.232.41.12310.232.41.123
19110.232.41.124/3110.232.41.124 – 10.232.41.12510.232.41.125
19210.232.41.126/3110.232.41.126 – 10.232.41.12710.232.41.127
19310.232.41.128/3110.232.41.128 – 10.232.41.12910.232.41.129
19410.232.41.130/3110.232.41.130 – 10.232.41.13110.232.41.131
19510.232.41.132/3110.232.41.132 – 10.232.41.13310.232.41.133
19610.232.41.134/3110.232.41.134 – 10.232.41.13510.232.41.135
19710.232.41.136/3110.232.41.136 – 10.232.41.13710.232.41.137
19810.232.41.138/3110.232.41.138 – 10.232.41.13910.232.41.139
19910.232.41.140/3110.232.41.140 – 10.232.41.14110.232.41.141
20010.232.41.142/3110.232.41.142 – 10.232.41.14310.232.41.143
20110.232.41.144/3110.232.41.144 – 10.232.41.14510.232.41.145
20210.232.41.146/3110.232.41.146 – 10.232.41.14710.232.41.147
20310.232.41.148/3110.232.41.148 – 10.232.41.14910.232.41.149
20410.232.41.150/3110.232.41.150 – 10.232.41.15110.232.41.151
20510.232.41.152/3110.232.41.152 – 10.232.41.15310.232.41.153
20610.232.41.154/3110.232.41.154 – 10.232.41.15510.232.41.155
20710.232.41.156/3110.232.41.156 – 10.232.41.15710.232.41.157
20810.232.41.158/3110.232.41.158 – 10.232.41.15910.232.41.159
20910.232.41.160/3110.232.41.160 – 10.232.41.16110.232.41.161
21010.232.41.162/3110.232.41.162 – 10.232.41.16310.232.41.163
21110.232.41.164/3110.232.41.164 – 10.232.41.16510.232.41.165
21210.232.41.166/3110.232.41.166 – 10.232.41.16710.232.41.167
21310.232.41.168/3110.232.41.168 – 10.232.41.16910.232.41.169
21410.232.41.170/3110.232.41.170 – 10.232.41.17110.232.41.171
21510.232.41.172/3110.232.41.172 – 10.232.41.17310.232.41.173
21610.232.41.174/3110.232.41.174 – 10.232.41.17510.232.41.175
21710.232.41.176/3110.232.41.176 – 10.232.41.17710.232.41.177
21810.232.41.178/3110.232.41.178 – 10.232.41.17910.232.41.179
21910.232.41.180/3110.232.41.180 – 10.232.41.18110.232.41.181
22010.232.41.182/3110.232.41.182 – 10.232.41.18310.232.41.183
22110.232.41.184/3110.232.41.184 – 10.232.41.18510.232.41.185
22210.232.41.186/3110.232.41.186 – 10.232.41.18710.232.41.187
22310.232.41.188/3110.232.41.188 – 10.232.41.18910.232.41.189
22410.232.41.190/3110.232.41.190 – 10.232.41.19110.232.41.191
22510.232.41.192/3110.232.41.192 – 10.232.41.19310.232.41.193
22610.232.41.194/3110.232.41.194 – 10.232.41.19510.232.41.195
22710.232.41.196/3110.232.41.196 – 10.232.41.19710.232.41.197
22810.232.41.198/3110.232.41.198 – 10.232.41.19910.232.41.199
22910.232.41.200/3110.232.41.200 – 10.232.41.20110.232.41.201
23010.232.41.202/3110.232.41.202 – 10.232.41.20310.232.41.203
23110.232.41.204/3110.232.41.204 – 10.232.41.20510.232.41.205
23210.232.41.206/3110.232.41.206 – 10.232.41.20710.232.41.207
23310.232.41.208/3110.232.41.208 – 10.232.41.20910.232.41.209
23410.232.41.210/3110.232.41.210 – 10.232.41.21110.232.41.211
23510.232.41.212/3110.232.41.212 – 10.232.41.21310.232.41.213
23610.232.41.214/3110.232.41.214 – 10.232.41.21510.232.41.215
23710.232.41.216/3110.232.41.216 – 10.232.41.21710.232.41.217
23810.232.41.218/3110.232.41.218 – 10.232.41.21910.232.41.219
23910.232.41.220/3110.232.41.220 – 10.232.41.22110.232.41.221
24010.232.41.222/3110.232.41.222 – 10.232.41.22310.232.41.223
24110.232.41.224/3110.232.41.224 – 10.232.41.22510.232.41.225
24210.232.41.226/3110.232.41.226 – 10.232.41.22710.232.41.227
24310.232.41.228/3110.232.41.228 – 10.232.41.22910.232.41.229
24410.232.41.230/3110.232.41.230 – 10.232.41.23110.232.41.231
24510.232.41.232/3110.232.41.232 – 10.232.41.23310.232.41.233
24610.232.41.234/3110.232.41.234 – 10.232.41.23510.232.41.235
24710.232.41.236/3110.232.41.236 – 10.232.41.23710.232.41.237
24810.232.41.238/3110.232.41.238 – 10.232.41.23910.232.41.239
24910.232.41.240/3110.232.41.240 – 10.232.41.24110.232.41.241
25010.232.41.242/3110.232.41.242 – 10.232.41.24310.232.41.243
25110.232.41.244/3110.232.41.244 – 10.232.41.24510.232.41.245
25210.232.41.246/3110.232.41.246 – 10.232.41.24710.232.41.247
25310.232.41.248/3110.232.41.248 – 10.232.41.24910.232.41.249
25410.232.41.250/3110.232.41.250 – 10.232.41.25110.232.41.251
25510.232.41.252/3110.232.41.252 – 10.232.41.25310.232.41.253
25610.232.41.254/3110.232.41.254 – 10.232.41.25510.232.41.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →