ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.201.90.0/23
network10.201.90.0/23
broadcast10.201.91.255
first host10.201.90.1
last host10.201.91.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.201.90.0/23
address00001010.11001001.01011010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.11001001.01011010.00000000
broadcast00001010.11001001.01011011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0ac95a00
decimal180967936
reverse dns0.90.201.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:ac9:5a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.201.90.0/3110.201.90.0 – 10.201.90.110.201.90.1
210.201.90.2/3110.201.90.2 – 10.201.90.310.201.90.3
310.201.90.4/3110.201.90.4 – 10.201.90.510.201.90.5
410.201.90.6/3110.201.90.6 – 10.201.90.710.201.90.7
510.201.90.8/3110.201.90.8 – 10.201.90.910.201.90.9
610.201.90.10/3110.201.90.10 – 10.201.90.1110.201.90.11
710.201.90.12/3110.201.90.12 – 10.201.90.1310.201.90.13
810.201.90.14/3110.201.90.14 – 10.201.90.1510.201.90.15
910.201.90.16/3110.201.90.16 – 10.201.90.1710.201.90.17
1010.201.90.18/3110.201.90.18 – 10.201.90.1910.201.90.19
1110.201.90.20/3110.201.90.20 – 10.201.90.2110.201.90.21
1210.201.90.22/3110.201.90.22 – 10.201.90.2310.201.90.23
1310.201.90.24/3110.201.90.24 – 10.201.90.2510.201.90.25
1410.201.90.26/3110.201.90.26 – 10.201.90.2710.201.90.27
1510.201.90.28/3110.201.90.28 – 10.201.90.2910.201.90.29
1610.201.90.30/3110.201.90.30 – 10.201.90.3110.201.90.31
1710.201.90.32/3110.201.90.32 – 10.201.90.3310.201.90.33
1810.201.90.34/3110.201.90.34 – 10.201.90.3510.201.90.35
1910.201.90.36/3110.201.90.36 – 10.201.90.3710.201.90.37
2010.201.90.38/3110.201.90.38 – 10.201.90.3910.201.90.39
2110.201.90.40/3110.201.90.40 – 10.201.90.4110.201.90.41
2210.201.90.42/3110.201.90.42 – 10.201.90.4310.201.90.43
2310.201.90.44/3110.201.90.44 – 10.201.90.4510.201.90.45
2410.201.90.46/3110.201.90.46 – 10.201.90.4710.201.90.47
2510.201.90.48/3110.201.90.48 – 10.201.90.4910.201.90.49
2610.201.90.50/3110.201.90.50 – 10.201.90.5110.201.90.51
2710.201.90.52/3110.201.90.52 – 10.201.90.5310.201.90.53
2810.201.90.54/3110.201.90.54 – 10.201.90.5510.201.90.55
2910.201.90.56/3110.201.90.56 – 10.201.90.5710.201.90.57
3010.201.90.58/3110.201.90.58 – 10.201.90.5910.201.90.59
3110.201.90.60/3110.201.90.60 – 10.201.90.6110.201.90.61
3210.201.90.62/3110.201.90.62 – 10.201.90.6310.201.90.63
3310.201.90.64/3110.201.90.64 – 10.201.90.6510.201.90.65
3410.201.90.66/3110.201.90.66 – 10.201.90.6710.201.90.67
3510.201.90.68/3110.201.90.68 – 10.201.90.6910.201.90.69
3610.201.90.70/3110.201.90.70 – 10.201.90.7110.201.90.71
3710.201.90.72/3110.201.90.72 – 10.201.90.7310.201.90.73
3810.201.90.74/3110.201.90.74 – 10.201.90.7510.201.90.75
3910.201.90.76/3110.201.90.76 – 10.201.90.7710.201.90.77
4010.201.90.78/3110.201.90.78 – 10.201.90.7910.201.90.79
4110.201.90.80/3110.201.90.80 – 10.201.90.8110.201.90.81
4210.201.90.82/3110.201.90.82 – 10.201.90.8310.201.90.83
4310.201.90.84/3110.201.90.84 – 10.201.90.8510.201.90.85
4410.201.90.86/3110.201.90.86 – 10.201.90.8710.201.90.87
4510.201.90.88/3110.201.90.88 – 10.201.90.8910.201.90.89
4610.201.90.90/3110.201.90.90 – 10.201.90.9110.201.90.91
4710.201.90.92/3110.201.90.92 – 10.201.90.9310.201.90.93
4810.201.90.94/3110.201.90.94 – 10.201.90.9510.201.90.95
4910.201.90.96/3110.201.90.96 – 10.201.90.9710.201.90.97
5010.201.90.98/3110.201.90.98 – 10.201.90.9910.201.90.99
5110.201.90.100/3110.201.90.100 – 10.201.90.10110.201.90.101
5210.201.90.102/3110.201.90.102 – 10.201.90.10310.201.90.103
5310.201.90.104/3110.201.90.104 – 10.201.90.10510.201.90.105
5410.201.90.106/3110.201.90.106 – 10.201.90.10710.201.90.107
5510.201.90.108/3110.201.90.108 – 10.201.90.10910.201.90.109
5610.201.90.110/3110.201.90.110 – 10.201.90.11110.201.90.111
5710.201.90.112/3110.201.90.112 – 10.201.90.11310.201.90.113
5810.201.90.114/3110.201.90.114 – 10.201.90.11510.201.90.115
5910.201.90.116/3110.201.90.116 – 10.201.90.11710.201.90.117
6010.201.90.118/3110.201.90.118 – 10.201.90.11910.201.90.119
6110.201.90.120/3110.201.90.120 – 10.201.90.12110.201.90.121
6210.201.90.122/3110.201.90.122 – 10.201.90.12310.201.90.123
6310.201.90.124/3110.201.90.124 – 10.201.90.12510.201.90.125
6410.201.90.126/3110.201.90.126 – 10.201.90.12710.201.90.127
6510.201.90.128/3110.201.90.128 – 10.201.90.12910.201.90.129
6610.201.90.130/3110.201.90.130 – 10.201.90.13110.201.90.131
6710.201.90.132/3110.201.90.132 – 10.201.90.13310.201.90.133
6810.201.90.134/3110.201.90.134 – 10.201.90.13510.201.90.135
6910.201.90.136/3110.201.90.136 – 10.201.90.13710.201.90.137
7010.201.90.138/3110.201.90.138 – 10.201.90.13910.201.90.139
7110.201.90.140/3110.201.90.140 – 10.201.90.14110.201.90.141
7210.201.90.142/3110.201.90.142 – 10.201.90.14310.201.90.143
7310.201.90.144/3110.201.90.144 – 10.201.90.14510.201.90.145
7410.201.90.146/3110.201.90.146 – 10.201.90.14710.201.90.147
7510.201.90.148/3110.201.90.148 – 10.201.90.14910.201.90.149
7610.201.90.150/3110.201.90.150 – 10.201.90.15110.201.90.151
7710.201.90.152/3110.201.90.152 – 10.201.90.15310.201.90.153
7810.201.90.154/3110.201.90.154 – 10.201.90.15510.201.90.155
7910.201.90.156/3110.201.90.156 – 10.201.90.15710.201.90.157
8010.201.90.158/3110.201.90.158 – 10.201.90.15910.201.90.159
8110.201.90.160/3110.201.90.160 – 10.201.90.16110.201.90.161
8210.201.90.162/3110.201.90.162 – 10.201.90.16310.201.90.163
8310.201.90.164/3110.201.90.164 – 10.201.90.16510.201.90.165
8410.201.90.166/3110.201.90.166 – 10.201.90.16710.201.90.167
8510.201.90.168/3110.201.90.168 – 10.201.90.16910.201.90.169
8610.201.90.170/3110.201.90.170 – 10.201.90.17110.201.90.171
8710.201.90.172/3110.201.90.172 – 10.201.90.17310.201.90.173
8810.201.90.174/3110.201.90.174 – 10.201.90.17510.201.90.175
8910.201.90.176/3110.201.90.176 – 10.201.90.17710.201.90.177
9010.201.90.178/3110.201.90.178 – 10.201.90.17910.201.90.179
9110.201.90.180/3110.201.90.180 – 10.201.90.18110.201.90.181
9210.201.90.182/3110.201.90.182 – 10.201.90.18310.201.90.183
9310.201.90.184/3110.201.90.184 – 10.201.90.18510.201.90.185
9410.201.90.186/3110.201.90.186 – 10.201.90.18710.201.90.187
9510.201.90.188/3110.201.90.188 – 10.201.90.18910.201.90.189
9610.201.90.190/3110.201.90.190 – 10.201.90.19110.201.90.191
9710.201.90.192/3110.201.90.192 – 10.201.90.19310.201.90.193
9810.201.90.194/3110.201.90.194 – 10.201.90.19510.201.90.195
9910.201.90.196/3110.201.90.196 – 10.201.90.19710.201.90.197
10010.201.90.198/3110.201.90.198 – 10.201.90.19910.201.90.199
10110.201.90.200/3110.201.90.200 – 10.201.90.20110.201.90.201
10210.201.90.202/3110.201.90.202 – 10.201.90.20310.201.90.203
10310.201.90.204/3110.201.90.204 – 10.201.90.20510.201.90.205
10410.201.90.206/3110.201.90.206 – 10.201.90.20710.201.90.207
10510.201.90.208/3110.201.90.208 – 10.201.90.20910.201.90.209
10610.201.90.210/3110.201.90.210 – 10.201.90.21110.201.90.211
10710.201.90.212/3110.201.90.212 – 10.201.90.21310.201.90.213
10810.201.90.214/3110.201.90.214 – 10.201.90.21510.201.90.215
10910.201.90.216/3110.201.90.216 – 10.201.90.21710.201.90.217
11010.201.90.218/3110.201.90.218 – 10.201.90.21910.201.90.219
11110.201.90.220/3110.201.90.220 – 10.201.90.22110.201.90.221
11210.201.90.222/3110.201.90.222 – 10.201.90.22310.201.90.223
11310.201.90.224/3110.201.90.224 – 10.201.90.22510.201.90.225
11410.201.90.226/3110.201.90.226 – 10.201.90.22710.201.90.227
11510.201.90.228/3110.201.90.228 – 10.201.90.22910.201.90.229
11610.201.90.230/3110.201.90.230 – 10.201.90.23110.201.90.231
11710.201.90.232/3110.201.90.232 – 10.201.90.23310.201.90.233
11810.201.90.234/3110.201.90.234 – 10.201.90.23510.201.90.235
11910.201.90.236/3110.201.90.236 – 10.201.90.23710.201.90.237
12010.201.90.238/3110.201.90.238 – 10.201.90.23910.201.90.239
12110.201.90.240/3110.201.90.240 – 10.201.90.24110.201.90.241
12210.201.90.242/3110.201.90.242 – 10.201.90.24310.201.90.243
12310.201.90.244/3110.201.90.244 – 10.201.90.24510.201.90.245
12410.201.90.246/3110.201.90.246 – 10.201.90.24710.201.90.247
12510.201.90.248/3110.201.90.248 – 10.201.90.24910.201.90.249
12610.201.90.250/3110.201.90.250 – 10.201.90.25110.201.90.251
12710.201.90.252/3110.201.90.252 – 10.201.90.25310.201.90.253
12810.201.90.254/3110.201.90.254 – 10.201.90.25510.201.90.255
12910.201.91.0/3110.201.91.0 – 10.201.91.110.201.91.1
13010.201.91.2/3110.201.91.2 – 10.201.91.310.201.91.3
13110.201.91.4/3110.201.91.4 – 10.201.91.510.201.91.5
13210.201.91.6/3110.201.91.6 – 10.201.91.710.201.91.7
13310.201.91.8/3110.201.91.8 – 10.201.91.910.201.91.9
13410.201.91.10/3110.201.91.10 – 10.201.91.1110.201.91.11
13510.201.91.12/3110.201.91.12 – 10.201.91.1310.201.91.13
13610.201.91.14/3110.201.91.14 – 10.201.91.1510.201.91.15
13710.201.91.16/3110.201.91.16 – 10.201.91.1710.201.91.17
13810.201.91.18/3110.201.91.18 – 10.201.91.1910.201.91.19
13910.201.91.20/3110.201.91.20 – 10.201.91.2110.201.91.21
14010.201.91.22/3110.201.91.22 – 10.201.91.2310.201.91.23
14110.201.91.24/3110.201.91.24 – 10.201.91.2510.201.91.25
14210.201.91.26/3110.201.91.26 – 10.201.91.2710.201.91.27
14310.201.91.28/3110.201.91.28 – 10.201.91.2910.201.91.29
14410.201.91.30/3110.201.91.30 – 10.201.91.3110.201.91.31
14510.201.91.32/3110.201.91.32 – 10.201.91.3310.201.91.33
14610.201.91.34/3110.201.91.34 – 10.201.91.3510.201.91.35
14710.201.91.36/3110.201.91.36 – 10.201.91.3710.201.91.37
14810.201.91.38/3110.201.91.38 – 10.201.91.3910.201.91.39
14910.201.91.40/3110.201.91.40 – 10.201.91.4110.201.91.41
15010.201.91.42/3110.201.91.42 – 10.201.91.4310.201.91.43
15110.201.91.44/3110.201.91.44 – 10.201.91.4510.201.91.45
15210.201.91.46/3110.201.91.46 – 10.201.91.4710.201.91.47
15310.201.91.48/3110.201.91.48 – 10.201.91.4910.201.91.49
15410.201.91.50/3110.201.91.50 – 10.201.91.5110.201.91.51
15510.201.91.52/3110.201.91.52 – 10.201.91.5310.201.91.53
15610.201.91.54/3110.201.91.54 – 10.201.91.5510.201.91.55
15710.201.91.56/3110.201.91.56 – 10.201.91.5710.201.91.57
15810.201.91.58/3110.201.91.58 – 10.201.91.5910.201.91.59
15910.201.91.60/3110.201.91.60 – 10.201.91.6110.201.91.61
16010.201.91.62/3110.201.91.62 – 10.201.91.6310.201.91.63
16110.201.91.64/3110.201.91.64 – 10.201.91.6510.201.91.65
16210.201.91.66/3110.201.91.66 – 10.201.91.6710.201.91.67
16310.201.91.68/3110.201.91.68 – 10.201.91.6910.201.91.69
16410.201.91.70/3110.201.91.70 – 10.201.91.7110.201.91.71
16510.201.91.72/3110.201.91.72 – 10.201.91.7310.201.91.73
16610.201.91.74/3110.201.91.74 – 10.201.91.7510.201.91.75
16710.201.91.76/3110.201.91.76 – 10.201.91.7710.201.91.77
16810.201.91.78/3110.201.91.78 – 10.201.91.7910.201.91.79
16910.201.91.80/3110.201.91.80 – 10.201.91.8110.201.91.81
17010.201.91.82/3110.201.91.82 – 10.201.91.8310.201.91.83
17110.201.91.84/3110.201.91.84 – 10.201.91.8510.201.91.85
17210.201.91.86/3110.201.91.86 – 10.201.91.8710.201.91.87
17310.201.91.88/3110.201.91.88 – 10.201.91.8910.201.91.89
17410.201.91.90/3110.201.91.90 – 10.201.91.9110.201.91.91
17510.201.91.92/3110.201.91.92 – 10.201.91.9310.201.91.93
17610.201.91.94/3110.201.91.94 – 10.201.91.9510.201.91.95
17710.201.91.96/3110.201.91.96 – 10.201.91.9710.201.91.97
17810.201.91.98/3110.201.91.98 – 10.201.91.9910.201.91.99
17910.201.91.100/3110.201.91.100 – 10.201.91.10110.201.91.101
18010.201.91.102/3110.201.91.102 – 10.201.91.10310.201.91.103
18110.201.91.104/3110.201.91.104 – 10.201.91.10510.201.91.105
18210.201.91.106/3110.201.91.106 – 10.201.91.10710.201.91.107
18310.201.91.108/3110.201.91.108 – 10.201.91.10910.201.91.109
18410.201.91.110/3110.201.91.110 – 10.201.91.11110.201.91.111
18510.201.91.112/3110.201.91.112 – 10.201.91.11310.201.91.113
18610.201.91.114/3110.201.91.114 – 10.201.91.11510.201.91.115
18710.201.91.116/3110.201.91.116 – 10.201.91.11710.201.91.117
18810.201.91.118/3110.201.91.118 – 10.201.91.11910.201.91.119
18910.201.91.120/3110.201.91.120 – 10.201.91.12110.201.91.121
19010.201.91.122/3110.201.91.122 – 10.201.91.12310.201.91.123
19110.201.91.124/3110.201.91.124 – 10.201.91.12510.201.91.125
19210.201.91.126/3110.201.91.126 – 10.201.91.12710.201.91.127
19310.201.91.128/3110.201.91.128 – 10.201.91.12910.201.91.129
19410.201.91.130/3110.201.91.130 – 10.201.91.13110.201.91.131
19510.201.91.132/3110.201.91.132 – 10.201.91.13310.201.91.133
19610.201.91.134/3110.201.91.134 – 10.201.91.13510.201.91.135
19710.201.91.136/3110.201.91.136 – 10.201.91.13710.201.91.137
19810.201.91.138/3110.201.91.138 – 10.201.91.13910.201.91.139
19910.201.91.140/3110.201.91.140 – 10.201.91.14110.201.91.141
20010.201.91.142/3110.201.91.142 – 10.201.91.14310.201.91.143
20110.201.91.144/3110.201.91.144 – 10.201.91.14510.201.91.145
20210.201.91.146/3110.201.91.146 – 10.201.91.14710.201.91.147
20310.201.91.148/3110.201.91.148 – 10.201.91.14910.201.91.149
20410.201.91.150/3110.201.91.150 – 10.201.91.15110.201.91.151
20510.201.91.152/3110.201.91.152 – 10.201.91.15310.201.91.153
20610.201.91.154/3110.201.91.154 – 10.201.91.15510.201.91.155
20710.201.91.156/3110.201.91.156 – 10.201.91.15710.201.91.157
20810.201.91.158/3110.201.91.158 – 10.201.91.15910.201.91.159
20910.201.91.160/3110.201.91.160 – 10.201.91.16110.201.91.161
21010.201.91.162/3110.201.91.162 – 10.201.91.16310.201.91.163
21110.201.91.164/3110.201.91.164 – 10.201.91.16510.201.91.165
21210.201.91.166/3110.201.91.166 – 10.201.91.16710.201.91.167
21310.201.91.168/3110.201.91.168 – 10.201.91.16910.201.91.169
21410.201.91.170/3110.201.91.170 – 10.201.91.17110.201.91.171
21510.201.91.172/3110.201.91.172 – 10.201.91.17310.201.91.173
21610.201.91.174/3110.201.91.174 – 10.201.91.17510.201.91.175
21710.201.91.176/3110.201.91.176 – 10.201.91.17710.201.91.177
21810.201.91.178/3110.201.91.178 – 10.201.91.17910.201.91.179
21910.201.91.180/3110.201.91.180 – 10.201.91.18110.201.91.181
22010.201.91.182/3110.201.91.182 – 10.201.91.18310.201.91.183
22110.201.91.184/3110.201.91.184 – 10.201.91.18510.201.91.185
22210.201.91.186/3110.201.91.186 – 10.201.91.18710.201.91.187
22310.201.91.188/3110.201.91.188 – 10.201.91.18910.201.91.189
22410.201.91.190/3110.201.91.190 – 10.201.91.19110.201.91.191
22510.201.91.192/3110.201.91.192 – 10.201.91.19310.201.91.193
22610.201.91.194/3110.201.91.194 – 10.201.91.19510.201.91.195
22710.201.91.196/3110.201.91.196 – 10.201.91.19710.201.91.197
22810.201.91.198/3110.201.91.198 – 10.201.91.19910.201.91.199
22910.201.91.200/3110.201.91.200 – 10.201.91.20110.201.91.201
23010.201.91.202/3110.201.91.202 – 10.201.91.20310.201.91.203
23110.201.91.204/3110.201.91.204 – 10.201.91.20510.201.91.205
23210.201.91.206/3110.201.91.206 – 10.201.91.20710.201.91.207
23310.201.91.208/3110.201.91.208 – 10.201.91.20910.201.91.209
23410.201.91.210/3110.201.91.210 – 10.201.91.21110.201.91.211
23510.201.91.212/3110.201.91.212 – 10.201.91.21310.201.91.213
23610.201.91.214/3110.201.91.214 – 10.201.91.21510.201.91.215
23710.201.91.216/3110.201.91.216 – 10.201.91.21710.201.91.217
23810.201.91.218/3110.201.91.218 – 10.201.91.21910.201.91.219
23910.201.91.220/3110.201.91.220 – 10.201.91.22110.201.91.221
24010.201.91.222/3110.201.91.222 – 10.201.91.22310.201.91.223
24110.201.91.224/3110.201.91.224 – 10.201.91.22510.201.91.225
24210.201.91.226/3110.201.91.226 – 10.201.91.22710.201.91.227
24310.201.91.228/3110.201.91.228 – 10.201.91.22910.201.91.229
24410.201.91.230/3110.201.91.230 – 10.201.91.23110.201.91.231
24510.201.91.232/3110.201.91.232 – 10.201.91.23310.201.91.233
24610.201.91.234/3110.201.91.234 – 10.201.91.23510.201.91.235
24710.201.91.236/3110.201.91.236 – 10.201.91.23710.201.91.237
24810.201.91.238/3110.201.91.238 – 10.201.91.23910.201.91.239
24910.201.91.240/3110.201.91.240 – 10.201.91.24110.201.91.241
25010.201.91.242/3110.201.91.242 – 10.201.91.24310.201.91.243
25110.201.91.244/3110.201.91.244 – 10.201.91.24510.201.91.245
25210.201.91.246/3110.201.91.246 – 10.201.91.24710.201.91.247
25310.201.91.248/3110.201.91.248 – 10.201.91.24910.201.91.249
25410.201.91.250/3110.201.91.250 – 10.201.91.25110.201.91.251
25510.201.91.252/3110.201.91.252 – 10.201.91.25310.201.91.253
25610.201.91.254/3110.201.91.254 – 10.201.91.25510.201.91.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →