ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.2.28.0/23
network10.2.28.0/23
broadcast10.2.29.255
first host10.2.28.1
last host10.2.29.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.2.28.0/23
address00001010.00000010.00011100.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000010.00011100.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000010.00011101.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a021c00
decimal167910400
reverse dns0.28.2.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a02:1c00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.2.28.0/3110.2.28.0 – 10.2.28.110.2.28.1
210.2.28.2/3110.2.28.2 – 10.2.28.310.2.28.3
310.2.28.4/3110.2.28.4 – 10.2.28.510.2.28.5
410.2.28.6/3110.2.28.6 – 10.2.28.710.2.28.7
510.2.28.8/3110.2.28.8 – 10.2.28.910.2.28.9
610.2.28.10/3110.2.28.10 – 10.2.28.1110.2.28.11
710.2.28.12/3110.2.28.12 – 10.2.28.1310.2.28.13
810.2.28.14/3110.2.28.14 – 10.2.28.1510.2.28.15
910.2.28.16/3110.2.28.16 – 10.2.28.1710.2.28.17
1010.2.28.18/3110.2.28.18 – 10.2.28.1910.2.28.19
1110.2.28.20/3110.2.28.20 – 10.2.28.2110.2.28.21
1210.2.28.22/3110.2.28.22 – 10.2.28.2310.2.28.23
1310.2.28.24/3110.2.28.24 – 10.2.28.2510.2.28.25
1410.2.28.26/3110.2.28.26 – 10.2.28.2710.2.28.27
1510.2.28.28/3110.2.28.28 – 10.2.28.2910.2.28.29
1610.2.28.30/3110.2.28.30 – 10.2.28.3110.2.28.31
1710.2.28.32/3110.2.28.32 – 10.2.28.3310.2.28.33
1810.2.28.34/3110.2.28.34 – 10.2.28.3510.2.28.35
1910.2.28.36/3110.2.28.36 – 10.2.28.3710.2.28.37
2010.2.28.38/3110.2.28.38 – 10.2.28.3910.2.28.39
2110.2.28.40/3110.2.28.40 – 10.2.28.4110.2.28.41
2210.2.28.42/3110.2.28.42 – 10.2.28.4310.2.28.43
2310.2.28.44/3110.2.28.44 – 10.2.28.4510.2.28.45
2410.2.28.46/3110.2.28.46 – 10.2.28.4710.2.28.47
2510.2.28.48/3110.2.28.48 – 10.2.28.4910.2.28.49
2610.2.28.50/3110.2.28.50 – 10.2.28.5110.2.28.51
2710.2.28.52/3110.2.28.52 – 10.2.28.5310.2.28.53
2810.2.28.54/3110.2.28.54 – 10.2.28.5510.2.28.55
2910.2.28.56/3110.2.28.56 – 10.2.28.5710.2.28.57
3010.2.28.58/3110.2.28.58 – 10.2.28.5910.2.28.59
3110.2.28.60/3110.2.28.60 – 10.2.28.6110.2.28.61
3210.2.28.62/3110.2.28.62 – 10.2.28.6310.2.28.63
3310.2.28.64/3110.2.28.64 – 10.2.28.6510.2.28.65
3410.2.28.66/3110.2.28.66 – 10.2.28.6710.2.28.67
3510.2.28.68/3110.2.28.68 – 10.2.28.6910.2.28.69
3610.2.28.70/3110.2.28.70 – 10.2.28.7110.2.28.71
3710.2.28.72/3110.2.28.72 – 10.2.28.7310.2.28.73
3810.2.28.74/3110.2.28.74 – 10.2.28.7510.2.28.75
3910.2.28.76/3110.2.28.76 – 10.2.28.7710.2.28.77
4010.2.28.78/3110.2.28.78 – 10.2.28.7910.2.28.79
4110.2.28.80/3110.2.28.80 – 10.2.28.8110.2.28.81
4210.2.28.82/3110.2.28.82 – 10.2.28.8310.2.28.83
4310.2.28.84/3110.2.28.84 – 10.2.28.8510.2.28.85
4410.2.28.86/3110.2.28.86 – 10.2.28.8710.2.28.87
4510.2.28.88/3110.2.28.88 – 10.2.28.8910.2.28.89
4610.2.28.90/3110.2.28.90 – 10.2.28.9110.2.28.91
4710.2.28.92/3110.2.28.92 – 10.2.28.9310.2.28.93
4810.2.28.94/3110.2.28.94 – 10.2.28.9510.2.28.95
4910.2.28.96/3110.2.28.96 – 10.2.28.9710.2.28.97
5010.2.28.98/3110.2.28.98 – 10.2.28.9910.2.28.99
5110.2.28.100/3110.2.28.100 – 10.2.28.10110.2.28.101
5210.2.28.102/3110.2.28.102 – 10.2.28.10310.2.28.103
5310.2.28.104/3110.2.28.104 – 10.2.28.10510.2.28.105
5410.2.28.106/3110.2.28.106 – 10.2.28.10710.2.28.107
5510.2.28.108/3110.2.28.108 – 10.2.28.10910.2.28.109
5610.2.28.110/3110.2.28.110 – 10.2.28.11110.2.28.111
5710.2.28.112/3110.2.28.112 – 10.2.28.11310.2.28.113
5810.2.28.114/3110.2.28.114 – 10.2.28.11510.2.28.115
5910.2.28.116/3110.2.28.116 – 10.2.28.11710.2.28.117
6010.2.28.118/3110.2.28.118 – 10.2.28.11910.2.28.119
6110.2.28.120/3110.2.28.120 – 10.2.28.12110.2.28.121
6210.2.28.122/3110.2.28.122 – 10.2.28.12310.2.28.123
6310.2.28.124/3110.2.28.124 – 10.2.28.12510.2.28.125
6410.2.28.126/3110.2.28.126 – 10.2.28.12710.2.28.127
6510.2.28.128/3110.2.28.128 – 10.2.28.12910.2.28.129
6610.2.28.130/3110.2.28.130 – 10.2.28.13110.2.28.131
6710.2.28.132/3110.2.28.132 – 10.2.28.13310.2.28.133
6810.2.28.134/3110.2.28.134 – 10.2.28.13510.2.28.135
6910.2.28.136/3110.2.28.136 – 10.2.28.13710.2.28.137
7010.2.28.138/3110.2.28.138 – 10.2.28.13910.2.28.139
7110.2.28.140/3110.2.28.140 – 10.2.28.14110.2.28.141
7210.2.28.142/3110.2.28.142 – 10.2.28.14310.2.28.143
7310.2.28.144/3110.2.28.144 – 10.2.28.14510.2.28.145
7410.2.28.146/3110.2.28.146 – 10.2.28.14710.2.28.147
7510.2.28.148/3110.2.28.148 – 10.2.28.14910.2.28.149
7610.2.28.150/3110.2.28.150 – 10.2.28.15110.2.28.151
7710.2.28.152/3110.2.28.152 – 10.2.28.15310.2.28.153
7810.2.28.154/3110.2.28.154 – 10.2.28.15510.2.28.155
7910.2.28.156/3110.2.28.156 – 10.2.28.15710.2.28.157
8010.2.28.158/3110.2.28.158 – 10.2.28.15910.2.28.159
8110.2.28.160/3110.2.28.160 – 10.2.28.16110.2.28.161
8210.2.28.162/3110.2.28.162 – 10.2.28.16310.2.28.163
8310.2.28.164/3110.2.28.164 – 10.2.28.16510.2.28.165
8410.2.28.166/3110.2.28.166 – 10.2.28.16710.2.28.167
8510.2.28.168/3110.2.28.168 – 10.2.28.16910.2.28.169
8610.2.28.170/3110.2.28.170 – 10.2.28.17110.2.28.171
8710.2.28.172/3110.2.28.172 – 10.2.28.17310.2.28.173
8810.2.28.174/3110.2.28.174 – 10.2.28.17510.2.28.175
8910.2.28.176/3110.2.28.176 – 10.2.28.17710.2.28.177
9010.2.28.178/3110.2.28.178 – 10.2.28.17910.2.28.179
9110.2.28.180/3110.2.28.180 – 10.2.28.18110.2.28.181
9210.2.28.182/3110.2.28.182 – 10.2.28.18310.2.28.183
9310.2.28.184/3110.2.28.184 – 10.2.28.18510.2.28.185
9410.2.28.186/3110.2.28.186 – 10.2.28.18710.2.28.187
9510.2.28.188/3110.2.28.188 – 10.2.28.18910.2.28.189
9610.2.28.190/3110.2.28.190 – 10.2.28.19110.2.28.191
9710.2.28.192/3110.2.28.192 – 10.2.28.19310.2.28.193
9810.2.28.194/3110.2.28.194 – 10.2.28.19510.2.28.195
9910.2.28.196/3110.2.28.196 – 10.2.28.19710.2.28.197
10010.2.28.198/3110.2.28.198 – 10.2.28.19910.2.28.199
10110.2.28.200/3110.2.28.200 – 10.2.28.20110.2.28.201
10210.2.28.202/3110.2.28.202 – 10.2.28.20310.2.28.203
10310.2.28.204/3110.2.28.204 – 10.2.28.20510.2.28.205
10410.2.28.206/3110.2.28.206 – 10.2.28.20710.2.28.207
10510.2.28.208/3110.2.28.208 – 10.2.28.20910.2.28.209
10610.2.28.210/3110.2.28.210 – 10.2.28.21110.2.28.211
10710.2.28.212/3110.2.28.212 – 10.2.28.21310.2.28.213
10810.2.28.214/3110.2.28.214 – 10.2.28.21510.2.28.215
10910.2.28.216/3110.2.28.216 – 10.2.28.21710.2.28.217
11010.2.28.218/3110.2.28.218 – 10.2.28.21910.2.28.219
11110.2.28.220/3110.2.28.220 – 10.2.28.22110.2.28.221
11210.2.28.222/3110.2.28.222 – 10.2.28.22310.2.28.223
11310.2.28.224/3110.2.28.224 – 10.2.28.22510.2.28.225
11410.2.28.226/3110.2.28.226 – 10.2.28.22710.2.28.227
11510.2.28.228/3110.2.28.228 – 10.2.28.22910.2.28.229
11610.2.28.230/3110.2.28.230 – 10.2.28.23110.2.28.231
11710.2.28.232/3110.2.28.232 – 10.2.28.23310.2.28.233
11810.2.28.234/3110.2.28.234 – 10.2.28.23510.2.28.235
11910.2.28.236/3110.2.28.236 – 10.2.28.23710.2.28.237
12010.2.28.238/3110.2.28.238 – 10.2.28.23910.2.28.239
12110.2.28.240/3110.2.28.240 – 10.2.28.24110.2.28.241
12210.2.28.242/3110.2.28.242 – 10.2.28.24310.2.28.243
12310.2.28.244/3110.2.28.244 – 10.2.28.24510.2.28.245
12410.2.28.246/3110.2.28.246 – 10.2.28.24710.2.28.247
12510.2.28.248/3110.2.28.248 – 10.2.28.24910.2.28.249
12610.2.28.250/3110.2.28.250 – 10.2.28.25110.2.28.251
12710.2.28.252/3110.2.28.252 – 10.2.28.25310.2.28.253
12810.2.28.254/3110.2.28.254 – 10.2.28.25510.2.28.255
12910.2.29.0/3110.2.29.0 – 10.2.29.110.2.29.1
13010.2.29.2/3110.2.29.2 – 10.2.29.310.2.29.3
13110.2.29.4/3110.2.29.4 – 10.2.29.510.2.29.5
13210.2.29.6/3110.2.29.6 – 10.2.29.710.2.29.7
13310.2.29.8/3110.2.29.8 – 10.2.29.910.2.29.9
13410.2.29.10/3110.2.29.10 – 10.2.29.1110.2.29.11
13510.2.29.12/3110.2.29.12 – 10.2.29.1310.2.29.13
13610.2.29.14/3110.2.29.14 – 10.2.29.1510.2.29.15
13710.2.29.16/3110.2.29.16 – 10.2.29.1710.2.29.17
13810.2.29.18/3110.2.29.18 – 10.2.29.1910.2.29.19
13910.2.29.20/3110.2.29.20 – 10.2.29.2110.2.29.21
14010.2.29.22/3110.2.29.22 – 10.2.29.2310.2.29.23
14110.2.29.24/3110.2.29.24 – 10.2.29.2510.2.29.25
14210.2.29.26/3110.2.29.26 – 10.2.29.2710.2.29.27
14310.2.29.28/3110.2.29.28 – 10.2.29.2910.2.29.29
14410.2.29.30/3110.2.29.30 – 10.2.29.3110.2.29.31
14510.2.29.32/3110.2.29.32 – 10.2.29.3310.2.29.33
14610.2.29.34/3110.2.29.34 – 10.2.29.3510.2.29.35
14710.2.29.36/3110.2.29.36 – 10.2.29.3710.2.29.37
14810.2.29.38/3110.2.29.38 – 10.2.29.3910.2.29.39
14910.2.29.40/3110.2.29.40 – 10.2.29.4110.2.29.41
15010.2.29.42/3110.2.29.42 – 10.2.29.4310.2.29.43
15110.2.29.44/3110.2.29.44 – 10.2.29.4510.2.29.45
15210.2.29.46/3110.2.29.46 – 10.2.29.4710.2.29.47
15310.2.29.48/3110.2.29.48 – 10.2.29.4910.2.29.49
15410.2.29.50/3110.2.29.50 – 10.2.29.5110.2.29.51
15510.2.29.52/3110.2.29.52 – 10.2.29.5310.2.29.53
15610.2.29.54/3110.2.29.54 – 10.2.29.5510.2.29.55
15710.2.29.56/3110.2.29.56 – 10.2.29.5710.2.29.57
15810.2.29.58/3110.2.29.58 – 10.2.29.5910.2.29.59
15910.2.29.60/3110.2.29.60 – 10.2.29.6110.2.29.61
16010.2.29.62/3110.2.29.62 – 10.2.29.6310.2.29.63
16110.2.29.64/3110.2.29.64 – 10.2.29.6510.2.29.65
16210.2.29.66/3110.2.29.66 – 10.2.29.6710.2.29.67
16310.2.29.68/3110.2.29.68 – 10.2.29.6910.2.29.69
16410.2.29.70/3110.2.29.70 – 10.2.29.7110.2.29.71
16510.2.29.72/3110.2.29.72 – 10.2.29.7310.2.29.73
16610.2.29.74/3110.2.29.74 – 10.2.29.7510.2.29.75
16710.2.29.76/3110.2.29.76 – 10.2.29.7710.2.29.77
16810.2.29.78/3110.2.29.78 – 10.2.29.7910.2.29.79
16910.2.29.80/3110.2.29.80 – 10.2.29.8110.2.29.81
17010.2.29.82/3110.2.29.82 – 10.2.29.8310.2.29.83
17110.2.29.84/3110.2.29.84 – 10.2.29.8510.2.29.85
17210.2.29.86/3110.2.29.86 – 10.2.29.8710.2.29.87
17310.2.29.88/3110.2.29.88 – 10.2.29.8910.2.29.89
17410.2.29.90/3110.2.29.90 – 10.2.29.9110.2.29.91
17510.2.29.92/3110.2.29.92 – 10.2.29.9310.2.29.93
17610.2.29.94/3110.2.29.94 – 10.2.29.9510.2.29.95
17710.2.29.96/3110.2.29.96 – 10.2.29.9710.2.29.97
17810.2.29.98/3110.2.29.98 – 10.2.29.9910.2.29.99
17910.2.29.100/3110.2.29.100 – 10.2.29.10110.2.29.101
18010.2.29.102/3110.2.29.102 – 10.2.29.10310.2.29.103
18110.2.29.104/3110.2.29.104 – 10.2.29.10510.2.29.105
18210.2.29.106/3110.2.29.106 – 10.2.29.10710.2.29.107
18310.2.29.108/3110.2.29.108 – 10.2.29.10910.2.29.109
18410.2.29.110/3110.2.29.110 – 10.2.29.11110.2.29.111
18510.2.29.112/3110.2.29.112 – 10.2.29.11310.2.29.113
18610.2.29.114/3110.2.29.114 – 10.2.29.11510.2.29.115
18710.2.29.116/3110.2.29.116 – 10.2.29.11710.2.29.117
18810.2.29.118/3110.2.29.118 – 10.2.29.11910.2.29.119
18910.2.29.120/3110.2.29.120 – 10.2.29.12110.2.29.121
19010.2.29.122/3110.2.29.122 – 10.2.29.12310.2.29.123
19110.2.29.124/3110.2.29.124 – 10.2.29.12510.2.29.125
19210.2.29.126/3110.2.29.126 – 10.2.29.12710.2.29.127
19310.2.29.128/3110.2.29.128 – 10.2.29.12910.2.29.129
19410.2.29.130/3110.2.29.130 – 10.2.29.13110.2.29.131
19510.2.29.132/3110.2.29.132 – 10.2.29.13310.2.29.133
19610.2.29.134/3110.2.29.134 – 10.2.29.13510.2.29.135
19710.2.29.136/3110.2.29.136 – 10.2.29.13710.2.29.137
19810.2.29.138/3110.2.29.138 – 10.2.29.13910.2.29.139
19910.2.29.140/3110.2.29.140 – 10.2.29.14110.2.29.141
20010.2.29.142/3110.2.29.142 – 10.2.29.14310.2.29.143
20110.2.29.144/3110.2.29.144 – 10.2.29.14510.2.29.145
20210.2.29.146/3110.2.29.146 – 10.2.29.14710.2.29.147
20310.2.29.148/3110.2.29.148 – 10.2.29.14910.2.29.149
20410.2.29.150/3110.2.29.150 – 10.2.29.15110.2.29.151
20510.2.29.152/3110.2.29.152 – 10.2.29.15310.2.29.153
20610.2.29.154/3110.2.29.154 – 10.2.29.15510.2.29.155
20710.2.29.156/3110.2.29.156 – 10.2.29.15710.2.29.157
20810.2.29.158/3110.2.29.158 – 10.2.29.15910.2.29.159
20910.2.29.160/3110.2.29.160 – 10.2.29.16110.2.29.161
21010.2.29.162/3110.2.29.162 – 10.2.29.16310.2.29.163
21110.2.29.164/3110.2.29.164 – 10.2.29.16510.2.29.165
21210.2.29.166/3110.2.29.166 – 10.2.29.16710.2.29.167
21310.2.29.168/3110.2.29.168 – 10.2.29.16910.2.29.169
21410.2.29.170/3110.2.29.170 – 10.2.29.17110.2.29.171
21510.2.29.172/3110.2.29.172 – 10.2.29.17310.2.29.173
21610.2.29.174/3110.2.29.174 – 10.2.29.17510.2.29.175
21710.2.29.176/3110.2.29.176 – 10.2.29.17710.2.29.177
21810.2.29.178/3110.2.29.178 – 10.2.29.17910.2.29.179
21910.2.29.180/3110.2.29.180 – 10.2.29.18110.2.29.181
22010.2.29.182/3110.2.29.182 – 10.2.29.18310.2.29.183
22110.2.29.184/3110.2.29.184 – 10.2.29.18510.2.29.185
22210.2.29.186/3110.2.29.186 – 10.2.29.18710.2.29.187
22310.2.29.188/3110.2.29.188 – 10.2.29.18910.2.29.189
22410.2.29.190/3110.2.29.190 – 10.2.29.19110.2.29.191
22510.2.29.192/3110.2.29.192 – 10.2.29.19310.2.29.193
22610.2.29.194/3110.2.29.194 – 10.2.29.19510.2.29.195
22710.2.29.196/3110.2.29.196 – 10.2.29.19710.2.29.197
22810.2.29.198/3110.2.29.198 – 10.2.29.19910.2.29.199
22910.2.29.200/3110.2.29.200 – 10.2.29.20110.2.29.201
23010.2.29.202/3110.2.29.202 – 10.2.29.20310.2.29.203
23110.2.29.204/3110.2.29.204 – 10.2.29.20510.2.29.205
23210.2.29.206/3110.2.29.206 – 10.2.29.20710.2.29.207
23310.2.29.208/3110.2.29.208 – 10.2.29.20910.2.29.209
23410.2.29.210/3110.2.29.210 – 10.2.29.21110.2.29.211
23510.2.29.212/3110.2.29.212 – 10.2.29.21310.2.29.213
23610.2.29.214/3110.2.29.214 – 10.2.29.21510.2.29.215
23710.2.29.216/3110.2.29.216 – 10.2.29.21710.2.29.217
23810.2.29.218/3110.2.29.218 – 10.2.29.21910.2.29.219
23910.2.29.220/3110.2.29.220 – 10.2.29.22110.2.29.221
24010.2.29.222/3110.2.29.222 – 10.2.29.22310.2.29.223
24110.2.29.224/3110.2.29.224 – 10.2.29.22510.2.29.225
24210.2.29.226/3110.2.29.226 – 10.2.29.22710.2.29.227
24310.2.29.228/3110.2.29.228 – 10.2.29.22910.2.29.229
24410.2.29.230/3110.2.29.230 – 10.2.29.23110.2.29.231
24510.2.29.232/3110.2.29.232 – 10.2.29.23310.2.29.233
24610.2.29.234/3110.2.29.234 – 10.2.29.23510.2.29.235
24710.2.29.236/3110.2.29.236 – 10.2.29.23710.2.29.237
24810.2.29.238/3110.2.29.238 – 10.2.29.23910.2.29.239
24910.2.29.240/3110.2.29.240 – 10.2.29.24110.2.29.241
25010.2.29.242/3110.2.29.242 – 10.2.29.24310.2.29.243
25110.2.29.244/3110.2.29.244 – 10.2.29.24510.2.29.245
25210.2.29.246/3110.2.29.246 – 10.2.29.24710.2.29.247
25310.2.29.248/3110.2.29.248 – 10.2.29.24910.2.29.249
25410.2.29.250/3110.2.29.250 – 10.2.29.25110.2.29.251
25510.2.29.252/3110.2.29.252 – 10.2.29.25310.2.29.253
25610.2.29.254/3110.2.29.254 – 10.2.29.25510.2.29.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →