ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.2.178.0/23
network10.2.178.0/23
broadcast10.2.179.255
first host10.2.178.1
last host10.2.179.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.2.178.0/23
address00001010.00000010.10110010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000010.10110010.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000010.10110011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a02b200
decimal167948800
reverse dns0.178.2.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a02:b200

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.2.178.0/3110.2.178.0 – 10.2.178.110.2.178.1
210.2.178.2/3110.2.178.2 – 10.2.178.310.2.178.3
310.2.178.4/3110.2.178.4 – 10.2.178.510.2.178.5
410.2.178.6/3110.2.178.6 – 10.2.178.710.2.178.7
510.2.178.8/3110.2.178.8 – 10.2.178.910.2.178.9
610.2.178.10/3110.2.178.10 – 10.2.178.1110.2.178.11
710.2.178.12/3110.2.178.12 – 10.2.178.1310.2.178.13
810.2.178.14/3110.2.178.14 – 10.2.178.1510.2.178.15
910.2.178.16/3110.2.178.16 – 10.2.178.1710.2.178.17
1010.2.178.18/3110.2.178.18 – 10.2.178.1910.2.178.19
1110.2.178.20/3110.2.178.20 – 10.2.178.2110.2.178.21
1210.2.178.22/3110.2.178.22 – 10.2.178.2310.2.178.23
1310.2.178.24/3110.2.178.24 – 10.2.178.2510.2.178.25
1410.2.178.26/3110.2.178.26 – 10.2.178.2710.2.178.27
1510.2.178.28/3110.2.178.28 – 10.2.178.2910.2.178.29
1610.2.178.30/3110.2.178.30 – 10.2.178.3110.2.178.31
1710.2.178.32/3110.2.178.32 – 10.2.178.3310.2.178.33
1810.2.178.34/3110.2.178.34 – 10.2.178.3510.2.178.35
1910.2.178.36/3110.2.178.36 – 10.2.178.3710.2.178.37
2010.2.178.38/3110.2.178.38 – 10.2.178.3910.2.178.39
2110.2.178.40/3110.2.178.40 – 10.2.178.4110.2.178.41
2210.2.178.42/3110.2.178.42 – 10.2.178.4310.2.178.43
2310.2.178.44/3110.2.178.44 – 10.2.178.4510.2.178.45
2410.2.178.46/3110.2.178.46 – 10.2.178.4710.2.178.47
2510.2.178.48/3110.2.178.48 – 10.2.178.4910.2.178.49
2610.2.178.50/3110.2.178.50 – 10.2.178.5110.2.178.51
2710.2.178.52/3110.2.178.52 – 10.2.178.5310.2.178.53
2810.2.178.54/3110.2.178.54 – 10.2.178.5510.2.178.55
2910.2.178.56/3110.2.178.56 – 10.2.178.5710.2.178.57
3010.2.178.58/3110.2.178.58 – 10.2.178.5910.2.178.59
3110.2.178.60/3110.2.178.60 – 10.2.178.6110.2.178.61
3210.2.178.62/3110.2.178.62 – 10.2.178.6310.2.178.63
3310.2.178.64/3110.2.178.64 – 10.2.178.6510.2.178.65
3410.2.178.66/3110.2.178.66 – 10.2.178.6710.2.178.67
3510.2.178.68/3110.2.178.68 – 10.2.178.6910.2.178.69
3610.2.178.70/3110.2.178.70 – 10.2.178.7110.2.178.71
3710.2.178.72/3110.2.178.72 – 10.2.178.7310.2.178.73
3810.2.178.74/3110.2.178.74 – 10.2.178.7510.2.178.75
3910.2.178.76/3110.2.178.76 – 10.2.178.7710.2.178.77
4010.2.178.78/3110.2.178.78 – 10.2.178.7910.2.178.79
4110.2.178.80/3110.2.178.80 – 10.2.178.8110.2.178.81
4210.2.178.82/3110.2.178.82 – 10.2.178.8310.2.178.83
4310.2.178.84/3110.2.178.84 – 10.2.178.8510.2.178.85
4410.2.178.86/3110.2.178.86 – 10.2.178.8710.2.178.87
4510.2.178.88/3110.2.178.88 – 10.2.178.8910.2.178.89
4610.2.178.90/3110.2.178.90 – 10.2.178.9110.2.178.91
4710.2.178.92/3110.2.178.92 – 10.2.178.9310.2.178.93
4810.2.178.94/3110.2.178.94 – 10.2.178.9510.2.178.95
4910.2.178.96/3110.2.178.96 – 10.2.178.9710.2.178.97
5010.2.178.98/3110.2.178.98 – 10.2.178.9910.2.178.99
5110.2.178.100/3110.2.178.100 – 10.2.178.10110.2.178.101
5210.2.178.102/3110.2.178.102 – 10.2.178.10310.2.178.103
5310.2.178.104/3110.2.178.104 – 10.2.178.10510.2.178.105
5410.2.178.106/3110.2.178.106 – 10.2.178.10710.2.178.107
5510.2.178.108/3110.2.178.108 – 10.2.178.10910.2.178.109
5610.2.178.110/3110.2.178.110 – 10.2.178.11110.2.178.111
5710.2.178.112/3110.2.178.112 – 10.2.178.11310.2.178.113
5810.2.178.114/3110.2.178.114 – 10.2.178.11510.2.178.115
5910.2.178.116/3110.2.178.116 – 10.2.178.11710.2.178.117
6010.2.178.118/3110.2.178.118 – 10.2.178.11910.2.178.119
6110.2.178.120/3110.2.178.120 – 10.2.178.12110.2.178.121
6210.2.178.122/3110.2.178.122 – 10.2.178.12310.2.178.123
6310.2.178.124/3110.2.178.124 – 10.2.178.12510.2.178.125
6410.2.178.126/3110.2.178.126 – 10.2.178.12710.2.178.127
6510.2.178.128/3110.2.178.128 – 10.2.178.12910.2.178.129
6610.2.178.130/3110.2.178.130 – 10.2.178.13110.2.178.131
6710.2.178.132/3110.2.178.132 – 10.2.178.13310.2.178.133
6810.2.178.134/3110.2.178.134 – 10.2.178.13510.2.178.135
6910.2.178.136/3110.2.178.136 – 10.2.178.13710.2.178.137
7010.2.178.138/3110.2.178.138 – 10.2.178.13910.2.178.139
7110.2.178.140/3110.2.178.140 – 10.2.178.14110.2.178.141
7210.2.178.142/3110.2.178.142 – 10.2.178.14310.2.178.143
7310.2.178.144/3110.2.178.144 – 10.2.178.14510.2.178.145
7410.2.178.146/3110.2.178.146 – 10.2.178.14710.2.178.147
7510.2.178.148/3110.2.178.148 – 10.2.178.14910.2.178.149
7610.2.178.150/3110.2.178.150 – 10.2.178.15110.2.178.151
7710.2.178.152/3110.2.178.152 – 10.2.178.15310.2.178.153
7810.2.178.154/3110.2.178.154 – 10.2.178.15510.2.178.155
7910.2.178.156/3110.2.178.156 – 10.2.178.15710.2.178.157
8010.2.178.158/3110.2.178.158 – 10.2.178.15910.2.178.159
8110.2.178.160/3110.2.178.160 – 10.2.178.16110.2.178.161
8210.2.178.162/3110.2.178.162 – 10.2.178.16310.2.178.163
8310.2.178.164/3110.2.178.164 – 10.2.178.16510.2.178.165
8410.2.178.166/3110.2.178.166 – 10.2.178.16710.2.178.167
8510.2.178.168/3110.2.178.168 – 10.2.178.16910.2.178.169
8610.2.178.170/3110.2.178.170 – 10.2.178.17110.2.178.171
8710.2.178.172/3110.2.178.172 – 10.2.178.17310.2.178.173
8810.2.178.174/3110.2.178.174 – 10.2.178.17510.2.178.175
8910.2.178.176/3110.2.178.176 – 10.2.178.17710.2.178.177
9010.2.178.178/3110.2.178.178 – 10.2.178.17910.2.178.179
9110.2.178.180/3110.2.178.180 – 10.2.178.18110.2.178.181
9210.2.178.182/3110.2.178.182 – 10.2.178.18310.2.178.183
9310.2.178.184/3110.2.178.184 – 10.2.178.18510.2.178.185
9410.2.178.186/3110.2.178.186 – 10.2.178.18710.2.178.187
9510.2.178.188/3110.2.178.188 – 10.2.178.18910.2.178.189
9610.2.178.190/3110.2.178.190 – 10.2.178.19110.2.178.191
9710.2.178.192/3110.2.178.192 – 10.2.178.19310.2.178.193
9810.2.178.194/3110.2.178.194 – 10.2.178.19510.2.178.195
9910.2.178.196/3110.2.178.196 – 10.2.178.19710.2.178.197
10010.2.178.198/3110.2.178.198 – 10.2.178.19910.2.178.199
10110.2.178.200/3110.2.178.200 – 10.2.178.20110.2.178.201
10210.2.178.202/3110.2.178.202 – 10.2.178.20310.2.178.203
10310.2.178.204/3110.2.178.204 – 10.2.178.20510.2.178.205
10410.2.178.206/3110.2.178.206 – 10.2.178.20710.2.178.207
10510.2.178.208/3110.2.178.208 – 10.2.178.20910.2.178.209
10610.2.178.210/3110.2.178.210 – 10.2.178.21110.2.178.211
10710.2.178.212/3110.2.178.212 – 10.2.178.21310.2.178.213
10810.2.178.214/3110.2.178.214 – 10.2.178.21510.2.178.215
10910.2.178.216/3110.2.178.216 – 10.2.178.21710.2.178.217
11010.2.178.218/3110.2.178.218 – 10.2.178.21910.2.178.219
11110.2.178.220/3110.2.178.220 – 10.2.178.22110.2.178.221
11210.2.178.222/3110.2.178.222 – 10.2.178.22310.2.178.223
11310.2.178.224/3110.2.178.224 – 10.2.178.22510.2.178.225
11410.2.178.226/3110.2.178.226 – 10.2.178.22710.2.178.227
11510.2.178.228/3110.2.178.228 – 10.2.178.22910.2.178.229
11610.2.178.230/3110.2.178.230 – 10.2.178.23110.2.178.231
11710.2.178.232/3110.2.178.232 – 10.2.178.23310.2.178.233
11810.2.178.234/3110.2.178.234 – 10.2.178.23510.2.178.235
11910.2.178.236/3110.2.178.236 – 10.2.178.23710.2.178.237
12010.2.178.238/3110.2.178.238 – 10.2.178.23910.2.178.239
12110.2.178.240/3110.2.178.240 – 10.2.178.24110.2.178.241
12210.2.178.242/3110.2.178.242 – 10.2.178.24310.2.178.243
12310.2.178.244/3110.2.178.244 – 10.2.178.24510.2.178.245
12410.2.178.246/3110.2.178.246 – 10.2.178.24710.2.178.247
12510.2.178.248/3110.2.178.248 – 10.2.178.24910.2.178.249
12610.2.178.250/3110.2.178.250 – 10.2.178.25110.2.178.251
12710.2.178.252/3110.2.178.252 – 10.2.178.25310.2.178.253
12810.2.178.254/3110.2.178.254 – 10.2.178.25510.2.178.255
12910.2.179.0/3110.2.179.0 – 10.2.179.110.2.179.1
13010.2.179.2/3110.2.179.2 – 10.2.179.310.2.179.3
13110.2.179.4/3110.2.179.4 – 10.2.179.510.2.179.5
13210.2.179.6/3110.2.179.6 – 10.2.179.710.2.179.7
13310.2.179.8/3110.2.179.8 – 10.2.179.910.2.179.9
13410.2.179.10/3110.2.179.10 – 10.2.179.1110.2.179.11
13510.2.179.12/3110.2.179.12 – 10.2.179.1310.2.179.13
13610.2.179.14/3110.2.179.14 – 10.2.179.1510.2.179.15
13710.2.179.16/3110.2.179.16 – 10.2.179.1710.2.179.17
13810.2.179.18/3110.2.179.18 – 10.2.179.1910.2.179.19
13910.2.179.20/3110.2.179.20 – 10.2.179.2110.2.179.21
14010.2.179.22/3110.2.179.22 – 10.2.179.2310.2.179.23
14110.2.179.24/3110.2.179.24 – 10.2.179.2510.2.179.25
14210.2.179.26/3110.2.179.26 – 10.2.179.2710.2.179.27
14310.2.179.28/3110.2.179.28 – 10.2.179.2910.2.179.29
14410.2.179.30/3110.2.179.30 – 10.2.179.3110.2.179.31
14510.2.179.32/3110.2.179.32 – 10.2.179.3310.2.179.33
14610.2.179.34/3110.2.179.34 – 10.2.179.3510.2.179.35
14710.2.179.36/3110.2.179.36 – 10.2.179.3710.2.179.37
14810.2.179.38/3110.2.179.38 – 10.2.179.3910.2.179.39
14910.2.179.40/3110.2.179.40 – 10.2.179.4110.2.179.41
15010.2.179.42/3110.2.179.42 – 10.2.179.4310.2.179.43
15110.2.179.44/3110.2.179.44 – 10.2.179.4510.2.179.45
15210.2.179.46/3110.2.179.46 – 10.2.179.4710.2.179.47
15310.2.179.48/3110.2.179.48 – 10.2.179.4910.2.179.49
15410.2.179.50/3110.2.179.50 – 10.2.179.5110.2.179.51
15510.2.179.52/3110.2.179.52 – 10.2.179.5310.2.179.53
15610.2.179.54/3110.2.179.54 – 10.2.179.5510.2.179.55
15710.2.179.56/3110.2.179.56 – 10.2.179.5710.2.179.57
15810.2.179.58/3110.2.179.58 – 10.2.179.5910.2.179.59
15910.2.179.60/3110.2.179.60 – 10.2.179.6110.2.179.61
16010.2.179.62/3110.2.179.62 – 10.2.179.6310.2.179.63
16110.2.179.64/3110.2.179.64 – 10.2.179.6510.2.179.65
16210.2.179.66/3110.2.179.66 – 10.2.179.6710.2.179.67
16310.2.179.68/3110.2.179.68 – 10.2.179.6910.2.179.69
16410.2.179.70/3110.2.179.70 – 10.2.179.7110.2.179.71
16510.2.179.72/3110.2.179.72 – 10.2.179.7310.2.179.73
16610.2.179.74/3110.2.179.74 – 10.2.179.7510.2.179.75
16710.2.179.76/3110.2.179.76 – 10.2.179.7710.2.179.77
16810.2.179.78/3110.2.179.78 – 10.2.179.7910.2.179.79
16910.2.179.80/3110.2.179.80 – 10.2.179.8110.2.179.81
17010.2.179.82/3110.2.179.82 – 10.2.179.8310.2.179.83
17110.2.179.84/3110.2.179.84 – 10.2.179.8510.2.179.85
17210.2.179.86/3110.2.179.86 – 10.2.179.8710.2.179.87
17310.2.179.88/3110.2.179.88 – 10.2.179.8910.2.179.89
17410.2.179.90/3110.2.179.90 – 10.2.179.9110.2.179.91
17510.2.179.92/3110.2.179.92 – 10.2.179.9310.2.179.93
17610.2.179.94/3110.2.179.94 – 10.2.179.9510.2.179.95
17710.2.179.96/3110.2.179.96 – 10.2.179.9710.2.179.97
17810.2.179.98/3110.2.179.98 – 10.2.179.9910.2.179.99
17910.2.179.100/3110.2.179.100 – 10.2.179.10110.2.179.101
18010.2.179.102/3110.2.179.102 – 10.2.179.10310.2.179.103
18110.2.179.104/3110.2.179.104 – 10.2.179.10510.2.179.105
18210.2.179.106/3110.2.179.106 – 10.2.179.10710.2.179.107
18310.2.179.108/3110.2.179.108 – 10.2.179.10910.2.179.109
18410.2.179.110/3110.2.179.110 – 10.2.179.11110.2.179.111
18510.2.179.112/3110.2.179.112 – 10.2.179.11310.2.179.113
18610.2.179.114/3110.2.179.114 – 10.2.179.11510.2.179.115
18710.2.179.116/3110.2.179.116 – 10.2.179.11710.2.179.117
18810.2.179.118/3110.2.179.118 – 10.2.179.11910.2.179.119
18910.2.179.120/3110.2.179.120 – 10.2.179.12110.2.179.121
19010.2.179.122/3110.2.179.122 – 10.2.179.12310.2.179.123
19110.2.179.124/3110.2.179.124 – 10.2.179.12510.2.179.125
19210.2.179.126/3110.2.179.126 – 10.2.179.12710.2.179.127
19310.2.179.128/3110.2.179.128 – 10.2.179.12910.2.179.129
19410.2.179.130/3110.2.179.130 – 10.2.179.13110.2.179.131
19510.2.179.132/3110.2.179.132 – 10.2.179.13310.2.179.133
19610.2.179.134/3110.2.179.134 – 10.2.179.13510.2.179.135
19710.2.179.136/3110.2.179.136 – 10.2.179.13710.2.179.137
19810.2.179.138/3110.2.179.138 – 10.2.179.13910.2.179.139
19910.2.179.140/3110.2.179.140 – 10.2.179.14110.2.179.141
20010.2.179.142/3110.2.179.142 – 10.2.179.14310.2.179.143
20110.2.179.144/3110.2.179.144 – 10.2.179.14510.2.179.145
20210.2.179.146/3110.2.179.146 – 10.2.179.14710.2.179.147
20310.2.179.148/3110.2.179.148 – 10.2.179.14910.2.179.149
20410.2.179.150/3110.2.179.150 – 10.2.179.15110.2.179.151
20510.2.179.152/3110.2.179.152 – 10.2.179.15310.2.179.153
20610.2.179.154/3110.2.179.154 – 10.2.179.15510.2.179.155
20710.2.179.156/3110.2.179.156 – 10.2.179.15710.2.179.157
20810.2.179.158/3110.2.179.158 – 10.2.179.15910.2.179.159
20910.2.179.160/3110.2.179.160 – 10.2.179.16110.2.179.161
21010.2.179.162/3110.2.179.162 – 10.2.179.16310.2.179.163
21110.2.179.164/3110.2.179.164 – 10.2.179.16510.2.179.165
21210.2.179.166/3110.2.179.166 – 10.2.179.16710.2.179.167
21310.2.179.168/3110.2.179.168 – 10.2.179.16910.2.179.169
21410.2.179.170/3110.2.179.170 – 10.2.179.17110.2.179.171
21510.2.179.172/3110.2.179.172 – 10.2.179.17310.2.179.173
21610.2.179.174/3110.2.179.174 – 10.2.179.17510.2.179.175
21710.2.179.176/3110.2.179.176 – 10.2.179.17710.2.179.177
21810.2.179.178/3110.2.179.178 – 10.2.179.17910.2.179.179
21910.2.179.180/3110.2.179.180 – 10.2.179.18110.2.179.181
22010.2.179.182/3110.2.179.182 – 10.2.179.18310.2.179.183
22110.2.179.184/3110.2.179.184 – 10.2.179.18510.2.179.185
22210.2.179.186/3110.2.179.186 – 10.2.179.18710.2.179.187
22310.2.179.188/3110.2.179.188 – 10.2.179.18910.2.179.189
22410.2.179.190/3110.2.179.190 – 10.2.179.19110.2.179.191
22510.2.179.192/3110.2.179.192 – 10.2.179.19310.2.179.193
22610.2.179.194/3110.2.179.194 – 10.2.179.19510.2.179.195
22710.2.179.196/3110.2.179.196 – 10.2.179.19710.2.179.197
22810.2.179.198/3110.2.179.198 – 10.2.179.19910.2.179.199
22910.2.179.200/3110.2.179.200 – 10.2.179.20110.2.179.201
23010.2.179.202/3110.2.179.202 – 10.2.179.20310.2.179.203
23110.2.179.204/3110.2.179.204 – 10.2.179.20510.2.179.205
23210.2.179.206/3110.2.179.206 – 10.2.179.20710.2.179.207
23310.2.179.208/3110.2.179.208 – 10.2.179.20910.2.179.209
23410.2.179.210/3110.2.179.210 – 10.2.179.21110.2.179.211
23510.2.179.212/3110.2.179.212 – 10.2.179.21310.2.179.213
23610.2.179.214/3110.2.179.214 – 10.2.179.21510.2.179.215
23710.2.179.216/3110.2.179.216 – 10.2.179.21710.2.179.217
23810.2.179.218/3110.2.179.218 – 10.2.179.21910.2.179.219
23910.2.179.220/3110.2.179.220 – 10.2.179.22110.2.179.221
24010.2.179.222/3110.2.179.222 – 10.2.179.22310.2.179.223
24110.2.179.224/3110.2.179.224 – 10.2.179.22510.2.179.225
24210.2.179.226/3110.2.179.226 – 10.2.179.22710.2.179.227
24310.2.179.228/3110.2.179.228 – 10.2.179.22910.2.179.229
24410.2.179.230/3110.2.179.230 – 10.2.179.23110.2.179.231
24510.2.179.232/3110.2.179.232 – 10.2.179.23310.2.179.233
24610.2.179.234/3110.2.179.234 – 10.2.179.23510.2.179.235
24710.2.179.236/3110.2.179.236 – 10.2.179.23710.2.179.237
24810.2.179.238/3110.2.179.238 – 10.2.179.23910.2.179.239
24910.2.179.240/3110.2.179.240 – 10.2.179.24110.2.179.241
25010.2.179.242/3110.2.179.242 – 10.2.179.24310.2.179.243
25110.2.179.244/3110.2.179.244 – 10.2.179.24510.2.179.245
25210.2.179.246/3110.2.179.246 – 10.2.179.24710.2.179.247
25310.2.179.248/3110.2.179.248 – 10.2.179.24910.2.179.249
25410.2.179.250/3110.2.179.250 – 10.2.179.25110.2.179.251
25510.2.179.252/3110.2.179.252 – 10.2.179.25310.2.179.253
25610.2.179.254/3110.2.179.254 – 10.2.179.25510.2.179.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →