ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.178.80.0/23
network10.178.80.0/23
broadcast10.178.81.255
first host10.178.80.1
last host10.178.81.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.178.80.0/23
address00001010.10110010.01010000.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10110010.01010000.00000000
broadcast00001010.10110010.01010001.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0ab25000
decimal179458048
reverse dns0.80.178.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:ab2:5000

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.178.80.0/3110.178.80.0 – 10.178.80.110.178.80.1
210.178.80.2/3110.178.80.2 – 10.178.80.310.178.80.3
310.178.80.4/3110.178.80.4 – 10.178.80.510.178.80.5
410.178.80.6/3110.178.80.6 – 10.178.80.710.178.80.7
510.178.80.8/3110.178.80.8 – 10.178.80.910.178.80.9
610.178.80.10/3110.178.80.10 – 10.178.80.1110.178.80.11
710.178.80.12/3110.178.80.12 – 10.178.80.1310.178.80.13
810.178.80.14/3110.178.80.14 – 10.178.80.1510.178.80.15
910.178.80.16/3110.178.80.16 – 10.178.80.1710.178.80.17
1010.178.80.18/3110.178.80.18 – 10.178.80.1910.178.80.19
1110.178.80.20/3110.178.80.20 – 10.178.80.2110.178.80.21
1210.178.80.22/3110.178.80.22 – 10.178.80.2310.178.80.23
1310.178.80.24/3110.178.80.24 – 10.178.80.2510.178.80.25
1410.178.80.26/3110.178.80.26 – 10.178.80.2710.178.80.27
1510.178.80.28/3110.178.80.28 – 10.178.80.2910.178.80.29
1610.178.80.30/3110.178.80.30 – 10.178.80.3110.178.80.31
1710.178.80.32/3110.178.80.32 – 10.178.80.3310.178.80.33
1810.178.80.34/3110.178.80.34 – 10.178.80.3510.178.80.35
1910.178.80.36/3110.178.80.36 – 10.178.80.3710.178.80.37
2010.178.80.38/3110.178.80.38 – 10.178.80.3910.178.80.39
2110.178.80.40/3110.178.80.40 – 10.178.80.4110.178.80.41
2210.178.80.42/3110.178.80.42 – 10.178.80.4310.178.80.43
2310.178.80.44/3110.178.80.44 – 10.178.80.4510.178.80.45
2410.178.80.46/3110.178.80.46 – 10.178.80.4710.178.80.47
2510.178.80.48/3110.178.80.48 – 10.178.80.4910.178.80.49
2610.178.80.50/3110.178.80.50 – 10.178.80.5110.178.80.51
2710.178.80.52/3110.178.80.52 – 10.178.80.5310.178.80.53
2810.178.80.54/3110.178.80.54 – 10.178.80.5510.178.80.55
2910.178.80.56/3110.178.80.56 – 10.178.80.5710.178.80.57
3010.178.80.58/3110.178.80.58 – 10.178.80.5910.178.80.59
3110.178.80.60/3110.178.80.60 – 10.178.80.6110.178.80.61
3210.178.80.62/3110.178.80.62 – 10.178.80.6310.178.80.63
3310.178.80.64/3110.178.80.64 – 10.178.80.6510.178.80.65
3410.178.80.66/3110.178.80.66 – 10.178.80.6710.178.80.67
3510.178.80.68/3110.178.80.68 – 10.178.80.6910.178.80.69
3610.178.80.70/3110.178.80.70 – 10.178.80.7110.178.80.71
3710.178.80.72/3110.178.80.72 – 10.178.80.7310.178.80.73
3810.178.80.74/3110.178.80.74 – 10.178.80.7510.178.80.75
3910.178.80.76/3110.178.80.76 – 10.178.80.7710.178.80.77
4010.178.80.78/3110.178.80.78 – 10.178.80.7910.178.80.79
4110.178.80.80/3110.178.80.80 – 10.178.80.8110.178.80.81
4210.178.80.82/3110.178.80.82 – 10.178.80.8310.178.80.83
4310.178.80.84/3110.178.80.84 – 10.178.80.8510.178.80.85
4410.178.80.86/3110.178.80.86 – 10.178.80.8710.178.80.87
4510.178.80.88/3110.178.80.88 – 10.178.80.8910.178.80.89
4610.178.80.90/3110.178.80.90 – 10.178.80.9110.178.80.91
4710.178.80.92/3110.178.80.92 – 10.178.80.9310.178.80.93
4810.178.80.94/3110.178.80.94 – 10.178.80.9510.178.80.95
4910.178.80.96/3110.178.80.96 – 10.178.80.9710.178.80.97
5010.178.80.98/3110.178.80.98 – 10.178.80.9910.178.80.99
5110.178.80.100/3110.178.80.100 – 10.178.80.10110.178.80.101
5210.178.80.102/3110.178.80.102 – 10.178.80.10310.178.80.103
5310.178.80.104/3110.178.80.104 – 10.178.80.10510.178.80.105
5410.178.80.106/3110.178.80.106 – 10.178.80.10710.178.80.107
5510.178.80.108/3110.178.80.108 – 10.178.80.10910.178.80.109
5610.178.80.110/3110.178.80.110 – 10.178.80.11110.178.80.111
5710.178.80.112/3110.178.80.112 – 10.178.80.11310.178.80.113
5810.178.80.114/3110.178.80.114 – 10.178.80.11510.178.80.115
5910.178.80.116/3110.178.80.116 – 10.178.80.11710.178.80.117
6010.178.80.118/3110.178.80.118 – 10.178.80.11910.178.80.119
6110.178.80.120/3110.178.80.120 – 10.178.80.12110.178.80.121
6210.178.80.122/3110.178.80.122 – 10.178.80.12310.178.80.123
6310.178.80.124/3110.178.80.124 – 10.178.80.12510.178.80.125
6410.178.80.126/3110.178.80.126 – 10.178.80.12710.178.80.127
6510.178.80.128/3110.178.80.128 – 10.178.80.12910.178.80.129
6610.178.80.130/3110.178.80.130 – 10.178.80.13110.178.80.131
6710.178.80.132/3110.178.80.132 – 10.178.80.13310.178.80.133
6810.178.80.134/3110.178.80.134 – 10.178.80.13510.178.80.135
6910.178.80.136/3110.178.80.136 – 10.178.80.13710.178.80.137
7010.178.80.138/3110.178.80.138 – 10.178.80.13910.178.80.139
7110.178.80.140/3110.178.80.140 – 10.178.80.14110.178.80.141
7210.178.80.142/3110.178.80.142 – 10.178.80.14310.178.80.143
7310.178.80.144/3110.178.80.144 – 10.178.80.14510.178.80.145
7410.178.80.146/3110.178.80.146 – 10.178.80.14710.178.80.147
7510.178.80.148/3110.178.80.148 – 10.178.80.14910.178.80.149
7610.178.80.150/3110.178.80.150 – 10.178.80.15110.178.80.151
7710.178.80.152/3110.178.80.152 – 10.178.80.15310.178.80.153
7810.178.80.154/3110.178.80.154 – 10.178.80.15510.178.80.155
7910.178.80.156/3110.178.80.156 – 10.178.80.15710.178.80.157
8010.178.80.158/3110.178.80.158 – 10.178.80.15910.178.80.159
8110.178.80.160/3110.178.80.160 – 10.178.80.16110.178.80.161
8210.178.80.162/3110.178.80.162 – 10.178.80.16310.178.80.163
8310.178.80.164/3110.178.80.164 – 10.178.80.16510.178.80.165
8410.178.80.166/3110.178.80.166 – 10.178.80.16710.178.80.167
8510.178.80.168/3110.178.80.168 – 10.178.80.16910.178.80.169
8610.178.80.170/3110.178.80.170 – 10.178.80.17110.178.80.171
8710.178.80.172/3110.178.80.172 – 10.178.80.17310.178.80.173
8810.178.80.174/3110.178.80.174 – 10.178.80.17510.178.80.175
8910.178.80.176/3110.178.80.176 – 10.178.80.17710.178.80.177
9010.178.80.178/3110.178.80.178 – 10.178.80.17910.178.80.179
9110.178.80.180/3110.178.80.180 – 10.178.80.18110.178.80.181
9210.178.80.182/3110.178.80.182 – 10.178.80.18310.178.80.183
9310.178.80.184/3110.178.80.184 – 10.178.80.18510.178.80.185
9410.178.80.186/3110.178.80.186 – 10.178.80.18710.178.80.187
9510.178.80.188/3110.178.80.188 – 10.178.80.18910.178.80.189
9610.178.80.190/3110.178.80.190 – 10.178.80.19110.178.80.191
9710.178.80.192/3110.178.80.192 – 10.178.80.19310.178.80.193
9810.178.80.194/3110.178.80.194 – 10.178.80.19510.178.80.195
9910.178.80.196/3110.178.80.196 – 10.178.80.19710.178.80.197
10010.178.80.198/3110.178.80.198 – 10.178.80.19910.178.80.199
10110.178.80.200/3110.178.80.200 – 10.178.80.20110.178.80.201
10210.178.80.202/3110.178.80.202 – 10.178.80.20310.178.80.203
10310.178.80.204/3110.178.80.204 – 10.178.80.20510.178.80.205
10410.178.80.206/3110.178.80.206 – 10.178.80.20710.178.80.207
10510.178.80.208/3110.178.80.208 – 10.178.80.20910.178.80.209
10610.178.80.210/3110.178.80.210 – 10.178.80.21110.178.80.211
10710.178.80.212/3110.178.80.212 – 10.178.80.21310.178.80.213
10810.178.80.214/3110.178.80.214 – 10.178.80.21510.178.80.215
10910.178.80.216/3110.178.80.216 – 10.178.80.21710.178.80.217
11010.178.80.218/3110.178.80.218 – 10.178.80.21910.178.80.219
11110.178.80.220/3110.178.80.220 – 10.178.80.22110.178.80.221
11210.178.80.222/3110.178.80.222 – 10.178.80.22310.178.80.223
11310.178.80.224/3110.178.80.224 – 10.178.80.22510.178.80.225
11410.178.80.226/3110.178.80.226 – 10.178.80.22710.178.80.227
11510.178.80.228/3110.178.80.228 – 10.178.80.22910.178.80.229
11610.178.80.230/3110.178.80.230 – 10.178.80.23110.178.80.231
11710.178.80.232/3110.178.80.232 – 10.178.80.23310.178.80.233
11810.178.80.234/3110.178.80.234 – 10.178.80.23510.178.80.235
11910.178.80.236/3110.178.80.236 – 10.178.80.23710.178.80.237
12010.178.80.238/3110.178.80.238 – 10.178.80.23910.178.80.239
12110.178.80.240/3110.178.80.240 – 10.178.80.24110.178.80.241
12210.178.80.242/3110.178.80.242 – 10.178.80.24310.178.80.243
12310.178.80.244/3110.178.80.244 – 10.178.80.24510.178.80.245
12410.178.80.246/3110.178.80.246 – 10.178.80.24710.178.80.247
12510.178.80.248/3110.178.80.248 – 10.178.80.24910.178.80.249
12610.178.80.250/3110.178.80.250 – 10.178.80.25110.178.80.251
12710.178.80.252/3110.178.80.252 – 10.178.80.25310.178.80.253
12810.178.80.254/3110.178.80.254 – 10.178.80.25510.178.80.255
12910.178.81.0/3110.178.81.0 – 10.178.81.110.178.81.1
13010.178.81.2/3110.178.81.2 – 10.178.81.310.178.81.3
13110.178.81.4/3110.178.81.4 – 10.178.81.510.178.81.5
13210.178.81.6/3110.178.81.6 – 10.178.81.710.178.81.7
13310.178.81.8/3110.178.81.8 – 10.178.81.910.178.81.9
13410.178.81.10/3110.178.81.10 – 10.178.81.1110.178.81.11
13510.178.81.12/3110.178.81.12 – 10.178.81.1310.178.81.13
13610.178.81.14/3110.178.81.14 – 10.178.81.1510.178.81.15
13710.178.81.16/3110.178.81.16 – 10.178.81.1710.178.81.17
13810.178.81.18/3110.178.81.18 – 10.178.81.1910.178.81.19
13910.178.81.20/3110.178.81.20 – 10.178.81.2110.178.81.21
14010.178.81.22/3110.178.81.22 – 10.178.81.2310.178.81.23
14110.178.81.24/3110.178.81.24 – 10.178.81.2510.178.81.25
14210.178.81.26/3110.178.81.26 – 10.178.81.2710.178.81.27
14310.178.81.28/3110.178.81.28 – 10.178.81.2910.178.81.29
14410.178.81.30/3110.178.81.30 – 10.178.81.3110.178.81.31
14510.178.81.32/3110.178.81.32 – 10.178.81.3310.178.81.33
14610.178.81.34/3110.178.81.34 – 10.178.81.3510.178.81.35
14710.178.81.36/3110.178.81.36 – 10.178.81.3710.178.81.37
14810.178.81.38/3110.178.81.38 – 10.178.81.3910.178.81.39
14910.178.81.40/3110.178.81.40 – 10.178.81.4110.178.81.41
15010.178.81.42/3110.178.81.42 – 10.178.81.4310.178.81.43
15110.178.81.44/3110.178.81.44 – 10.178.81.4510.178.81.45
15210.178.81.46/3110.178.81.46 – 10.178.81.4710.178.81.47
15310.178.81.48/3110.178.81.48 – 10.178.81.4910.178.81.49
15410.178.81.50/3110.178.81.50 – 10.178.81.5110.178.81.51
15510.178.81.52/3110.178.81.52 – 10.178.81.5310.178.81.53
15610.178.81.54/3110.178.81.54 – 10.178.81.5510.178.81.55
15710.178.81.56/3110.178.81.56 – 10.178.81.5710.178.81.57
15810.178.81.58/3110.178.81.58 – 10.178.81.5910.178.81.59
15910.178.81.60/3110.178.81.60 – 10.178.81.6110.178.81.61
16010.178.81.62/3110.178.81.62 – 10.178.81.6310.178.81.63
16110.178.81.64/3110.178.81.64 – 10.178.81.6510.178.81.65
16210.178.81.66/3110.178.81.66 – 10.178.81.6710.178.81.67
16310.178.81.68/3110.178.81.68 – 10.178.81.6910.178.81.69
16410.178.81.70/3110.178.81.70 – 10.178.81.7110.178.81.71
16510.178.81.72/3110.178.81.72 – 10.178.81.7310.178.81.73
16610.178.81.74/3110.178.81.74 – 10.178.81.7510.178.81.75
16710.178.81.76/3110.178.81.76 – 10.178.81.7710.178.81.77
16810.178.81.78/3110.178.81.78 – 10.178.81.7910.178.81.79
16910.178.81.80/3110.178.81.80 – 10.178.81.8110.178.81.81
17010.178.81.82/3110.178.81.82 – 10.178.81.8310.178.81.83
17110.178.81.84/3110.178.81.84 – 10.178.81.8510.178.81.85
17210.178.81.86/3110.178.81.86 – 10.178.81.8710.178.81.87
17310.178.81.88/3110.178.81.88 – 10.178.81.8910.178.81.89
17410.178.81.90/3110.178.81.90 – 10.178.81.9110.178.81.91
17510.178.81.92/3110.178.81.92 – 10.178.81.9310.178.81.93
17610.178.81.94/3110.178.81.94 – 10.178.81.9510.178.81.95
17710.178.81.96/3110.178.81.96 – 10.178.81.9710.178.81.97
17810.178.81.98/3110.178.81.98 – 10.178.81.9910.178.81.99
17910.178.81.100/3110.178.81.100 – 10.178.81.10110.178.81.101
18010.178.81.102/3110.178.81.102 – 10.178.81.10310.178.81.103
18110.178.81.104/3110.178.81.104 – 10.178.81.10510.178.81.105
18210.178.81.106/3110.178.81.106 – 10.178.81.10710.178.81.107
18310.178.81.108/3110.178.81.108 – 10.178.81.10910.178.81.109
18410.178.81.110/3110.178.81.110 – 10.178.81.11110.178.81.111
18510.178.81.112/3110.178.81.112 – 10.178.81.11310.178.81.113
18610.178.81.114/3110.178.81.114 – 10.178.81.11510.178.81.115
18710.178.81.116/3110.178.81.116 – 10.178.81.11710.178.81.117
18810.178.81.118/3110.178.81.118 – 10.178.81.11910.178.81.119
18910.178.81.120/3110.178.81.120 – 10.178.81.12110.178.81.121
19010.178.81.122/3110.178.81.122 – 10.178.81.12310.178.81.123
19110.178.81.124/3110.178.81.124 – 10.178.81.12510.178.81.125
19210.178.81.126/3110.178.81.126 – 10.178.81.12710.178.81.127
19310.178.81.128/3110.178.81.128 – 10.178.81.12910.178.81.129
19410.178.81.130/3110.178.81.130 – 10.178.81.13110.178.81.131
19510.178.81.132/3110.178.81.132 – 10.178.81.13310.178.81.133
19610.178.81.134/3110.178.81.134 – 10.178.81.13510.178.81.135
19710.178.81.136/3110.178.81.136 – 10.178.81.13710.178.81.137
19810.178.81.138/3110.178.81.138 – 10.178.81.13910.178.81.139
19910.178.81.140/3110.178.81.140 – 10.178.81.14110.178.81.141
20010.178.81.142/3110.178.81.142 – 10.178.81.14310.178.81.143
20110.178.81.144/3110.178.81.144 – 10.178.81.14510.178.81.145
20210.178.81.146/3110.178.81.146 – 10.178.81.14710.178.81.147
20310.178.81.148/3110.178.81.148 – 10.178.81.14910.178.81.149
20410.178.81.150/3110.178.81.150 – 10.178.81.15110.178.81.151
20510.178.81.152/3110.178.81.152 – 10.178.81.15310.178.81.153
20610.178.81.154/3110.178.81.154 – 10.178.81.15510.178.81.155
20710.178.81.156/3110.178.81.156 – 10.178.81.15710.178.81.157
20810.178.81.158/3110.178.81.158 – 10.178.81.15910.178.81.159
20910.178.81.160/3110.178.81.160 – 10.178.81.16110.178.81.161
21010.178.81.162/3110.178.81.162 – 10.178.81.16310.178.81.163
21110.178.81.164/3110.178.81.164 – 10.178.81.16510.178.81.165
21210.178.81.166/3110.178.81.166 – 10.178.81.16710.178.81.167
21310.178.81.168/3110.178.81.168 – 10.178.81.16910.178.81.169
21410.178.81.170/3110.178.81.170 – 10.178.81.17110.178.81.171
21510.178.81.172/3110.178.81.172 – 10.178.81.17310.178.81.173
21610.178.81.174/3110.178.81.174 – 10.178.81.17510.178.81.175
21710.178.81.176/3110.178.81.176 – 10.178.81.17710.178.81.177
21810.178.81.178/3110.178.81.178 – 10.178.81.17910.178.81.179
21910.178.81.180/3110.178.81.180 – 10.178.81.18110.178.81.181
22010.178.81.182/3110.178.81.182 – 10.178.81.18310.178.81.183
22110.178.81.184/3110.178.81.184 – 10.178.81.18510.178.81.185
22210.178.81.186/3110.178.81.186 – 10.178.81.18710.178.81.187
22310.178.81.188/3110.178.81.188 – 10.178.81.18910.178.81.189
22410.178.81.190/3110.178.81.190 – 10.178.81.19110.178.81.191
22510.178.81.192/3110.178.81.192 – 10.178.81.19310.178.81.193
22610.178.81.194/3110.178.81.194 – 10.178.81.19510.178.81.195
22710.178.81.196/3110.178.81.196 – 10.178.81.19710.178.81.197
22810.178.81.198/3110.178.81.198 – 10.178.81.19910.178.81.199
22910.178.81.200/3110.178.81.200 – 10.178.81.20110.178.81.201
23010.178.81.202/3110.178.81.202 – 10.178.81.20310.178.81.203
23110.178.81.204/3110.178.81.204 – 10.178.81.20510.178.81.205
23210.178.81.206/3110.178.81.206 – 10.178.81.20710.178.81.207
23310.178.81.208/3110.178.81.208 – 10.178.81.20910.178.81.209
23410.178.81.210/3110.178.81.210 – 10.178.81.21110.178.81.211
23510.178.81.212/3110.178.81.212 – 10.178.81.21310.178.81.213
23610.178.81.214/3110.178.81.214 – 10.178.81.21510.178.81.215
23710.178.81.216/3110.178.81.216 – 10.178.81.21710.178.81.217
23810.178.81.218/3110.178.81.218 – 10.178.81.21910.178.81.219
23910.178.81.220/3110.178.81.220 – 10.178.81.22110.178.81.221
24010.178.81.222/3110.178.81.222 – 10.178.81.22310.178.81.223
24110.178.81.224/3110.178.81.224 – 10.178.81.22510.178.81.225
24210.178.81.226/3110.178.81.226 – 10.178.81.22710.178.81.227
24310.178.81.228/3110.178.81.228 – 10.178.81.22910.178.81.229
24410.178.81.230/3110.178.81.230 – 10.178.81.23110.178.81.231
24510.178.81.232/3110.178.81.232 – 10.178.81.23310.178.81.233
24610.178.81.234/3110.178.81.234 – 10.178.81.23510.178.81.235
24710.178.81.236/3110.178.81.236 – 10.178.81.23710.178.81.237
24810.178.81.238/3110.178.81.238 – 10.178.81.23910.178.81.239
24910.178.81.240/3110.178.81.240 – 10.178.81.24110.178.81.241
25010.178.81.242/3110.178.81.242 – 10.178.81.24310.178.81.243
25110.178.81.244/3110.178.81.244 – 10.178.81.24510.178.81.245
25210.178.81.246/3110.178.81.246 – 10.178.81.24710.178.81.247
25310.178.81.248/3110.178.81.248 – 10.178.81.24910.178.81.249
25410.178.81.250/3110.178.81.250 – 10.178.81.25110.178.81.251
25510.178.81.252/3110.178.81.252 – 10.178.81.25310.178.81.253
25610.178.81.254/3110.178.81.254 – 10.178.81.25510.178.81.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →