ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.98.0/23
network10.167.98.0/23
broadcast10.167.99.255
first host10.167.98.1
last host10.167.99.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.98.0/23
address00001010.10100111.01100010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.01100010.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.01100011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa76200
decimal178741760
reverse dns0.98.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:6200

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.98.0/3110.167.98.0 – 10.167.98.110.167.98.1
210.167.98.2/3110.167.98.2 – 10.167.98.310.167.98.3
310.167.98.4/3110.167.98.4 – 10.167.98.510.167.98.5
410.167.98.6/3110.167.98.6 – 10.167.98.710.167.98.7
510.167.98.8/3110.167.98.8 – 10.167.98.910.167.98.9
610.167.98.10/3110.167.98.10 – 10.167.98.1110.167.98.11
710.167.98.12/3110.167.98.12 – 10.167.98.1310.167.98.13
810.167.98.14/3110.167.98.14 – 10.167.98.1510.167.98.15
910.167.98.16/3110.167.98.16 – 10.167.98.1710.167.98.17
1010.167.98.18/3110.167.98.18 – 10.167.98.1910.167.98.19
1110.167.98.20/3110.167.98.20 – 10.167.98.2110.167.98.21
1210.167.98.22/3110.167.98.22 – 10.167.98.2310.167.98.23
1310.167.98.24/3110.167.98.24 – 10.167.98.2510.167.98.25
1410.167.98.26/3110.167.98.26 – 10.167.98.2710.167.98.27
1510.167.98.28/3110.167.98.28 – 10.167.98.2910.167.98.29
1610.167.98.30/3110.167.98.30 – 10.167.98.3110.167.98.31
1710.167.98.32/3110.167.98.32 – 10.167.98.3310.167.98.33
1810.167.98.34/3110.167.98.34 – 10.167.98.3510.167.98.35
1910.167.98.36/3110.167.98.36 – 10.167.98.3710.167.98.37
2010.167.98.38/3110.167.98.38 – 10.167.98.3910.167.98.39
2110.167.98.40/3110.167.98.40 – 10.167.98.4110.167.98.41
2210.167.98.42/3110.167.98.42 – 10.167.98.4310.167.98.43
2310.167.98.44/3110.167.98.44 – 10.167.98.4510.167.98.45
2410.167.98.46/3110.167.98.46 – 10.167.98.4710.167.98.47
2510.167.98.48/3110.167.98.48 – 10.167.98.4910.167.98.49
2610.167.98.50/3110.167.98.50 – 10.167.98.5110.167.98.51
2710.167.98.52/3110.167.98.52 – 10.167.98.5310.167.98.53
2810.167.98.54/3110.167.98.54 – 10.167.98.5510.167.98.55
2910.167.98.56/3110.167.98.56 – 10.167.98.5710.167.98.57
3010.167.98.58/3110.167.98.58 – 10.167.98.5910.167.98.59
3110.167.98.60/3110.167.98.60 – 10.167.98.6110.167.98.61
3210.167.98.62/3110.167.98.62 – 10.167.98.6310.167.98.63
3310.167.98.64/3110.167.98.64 – 10.167.98.6510.167.98.65
3410.167.98.66/3110.167.98.66 – 10.167.98.6710.167.98.67
3510.167.98.68/3110.167.98.68 – 10.167.98.6910.167.98.69
3610.167.98.70/3110.167.98.70 – 10.167.98.7110.167.98.71
3710.167.98.72/3110.167.98.72 – 10.167.98.7310.167.98.73
3810.167.98.74/3110.167.98.74 – 10.167.98.7510.167.98.75
3910.167.98.76/3110.167.98.76 – 10.167.98.7710.167.98.77
4010.167.98.78/3110.167.98.78 – 10.167.98.7910.167.98.79
4110.167.98.80/3110.167.98.80 – 10.167.98.8110.167.98.81
4210.167.98.82/3110.167.98.82 – 10.167.98.8310.167.98.83
4310.167.98.84/3110.167.98.84 – 10.167.98.8510.167.98.85
4410.167.98.86/3110.167.98.86 – 10.167.98.8710.167.98.87
4510.167.98.88/3110.167.98.88 – 10.167.98.8910.167.98.89
4610.167.98.90/3110.167.98.90 – 10.167.98.9110.167.98.91
4710.167.98.92/3110.167.98.92 – 10.167.98.9310.167.98.93
4810.167.98.94/3110.167.98.94 – 10.167.98.9510.167.98.95
4910.167.98.96/3110.167.98.96 – 10.167.98.9710.167.98.97
5010.167.98.98/3110.167.98.98 – 10.167.98.9910.167.98.99
5110.167.98.100/3110.167.98.100 – 10.167.98.10110.167.98.101
5210.167.98.102/3110.167.98.102 – 10.167.98.10310.167.98.103
5310.167.98.104/3110.167.98.104 – 10.167.98.10510.167.98.105
5410.167.98.106/3110.167.98.106 – 10.167.98.10710.167.98.107
5510.167.98.108/3110.167.98.108 – 10.167.98.10910.167.98.109
5610.167.98.110/3110.167.98.110 – 10.167.98.11110.167.98.111
5710.167.98.112/3110.167.98.112 – 10.167.98.11310.167.98.113
5810.167.98.114/3110.167.98.114 – 10.167.98.11510.167.98.115
5910.167.98.116/3110.167.98.116 – 10.167.98.11710.167.98.117
6010.167.98.118/3110.167.98.118 – 10.167.98.11910.167.98.119
6110.167.98.120/3110.167.98.120 – 10.167.98.12110.167.98.121
6210.167.98.122/3110.167.98.122 – 10.167.98.12310.167.98.123
6310.167.98.124/3110.167.98.124 – 10.167.98.12510.167.98.125
6410.167.98.126/3110.167.98.126 – 10.167.98.12710.167.98.127
6510.167.98.128/3110.167.98.128 – 10.167.98.12910.167.98.129
6610.167.98.130/3110.167.98.130 – 10.167.98.13110.167.98.131
6710.167.98.132/3110.167.98.132 – 10.167.98.13310.167.98.133
6810.167.98.134/3110.167.98.134 – 10.167.98.13510.167.98.135
6910.167.98.136/3110.167.98.136 – 10.167.98.13710.167.98.137
7010.167.98.138/3110.167.98.138 – 10.167.98.13910.167.98.139
7110.167.98.140/3110.167.98.140 – 10.167.98.14110.167.98.141
7210.167.98.142/3110.167.98.142 – 10.167.98.14310.167.98.143
7310.167.98.144/3110.167.98.144 – 10.167.98.14510.167.98.145
7410.167.98.146/3110.167.98.146 – 10.167.98.14710.167.98.147
7510.167.98.148/3110.167.98.148 – 10.167.98.14910.167.98.149
7610.167.98.150/3110.167.98.150 – 10.167.98.15110.167.98.151
7710.167.98.152/3110.167.98.152 – 10.167.98.15310.167.98.153
7810.167.98.154/3110.167.98.154 – 10.167.98.15510.167.98.155
7910.167.98.156/3110.167.98.156 – 10.167.98.15710.167.98.157
8010.167.98.158/3110.167.98.158 – 10.167.98.15910.167.98.159
8110.167.98.160/3110.167.98.160 – 10.167.98.16110.167.98.161
8210.167.98.162/3110.167.98.162 – 10.167.98.16310.167.98.163
8310.167.98.164/3110.167.98.164 – 10.167.98.16510.167.98.165
8410.167.98.166/3110.167.98.166 – 10.167.98.16710.167.98.167
8510.167.98.168/3110.167.98.168 – 10.167.98.16910.167.98.169
8610.167.98.170/3110.167.98.170 – 10.167.98.17110.167.98.171
8710.167.98.172/3110.167.98.172 – 10.167.98.17310.167.98.173
8810.167.98.174/3110.167.98.174 – 10.167.98.17510.167.98.175
8910.167.98.176/3110.167.98.176 – 10.167.98.17710.167.98.177
9010.167.98.178/3110.167.98.178 – 10.167.98.17910.167.98.179
9110.167.98.180/3110.167.98.180 – 10.167.98.18110.167.98.181
9210.167.98.182/3110.167.98.182 – 10.167.98.18310.167.98.183
9310.167.98.184/3110.167.98.184 – 10.167.98.18510.167.98.185
9410.167.98.186/3110.167.98.186 – 10.167.98.18710.167.98.187
9510.167.98.188/3110.167.98.188 – 10.167.98.18910.167.98.189
9610.167.98.190/3110.167.98.190 – 10.167.98.19110.167.98.191
9710.167.98.192/3110.167.98.192 – 10.167.98.19310.167.98.193
9810.167.98.194/3110.167.98.194 – 10.167.98.19510.167.98.195
9910.167.98.196/3110.167.98.196 – 10.167.98.19710.167.98.197
10010.167.98.198/3110.167.98.198 – 10.167.98.19910.167.98.199
10110.167.98.200/3110.167.98.200 – 10.167.98.20110.167.98.201
10210.167.98.202/3110.167.98.202 – 10.167.98.20310.167.98.203
10310.167.98.204/3110.167.98.204 – 10.167.98.20510.167.98.205
10410.167.98.206/3110.167.98.206 – 10.167.98.20710.167.98.207
10510.167.98.208/3110.167.98.208 – 10.167.98.20910.167.98.209
10610.167.98.210/3110.167.98.210 – 10.167.98.21110.167.98.211
10710.167.98.212/3110.167.98.212 – 10.167.98.21310.167.98.213
10810.167.98.214/3110.167.98.214 – 10.167.98.21510.167.98.215
10910.167.98.216/3110.167.98.216 – 10.167.98.21710.167.98.217
11010.167.98.218/3110.167.98.218 – 10.167.98.21910.167.98.219
11110.167.98.220/3110.167.98.220 – 10.167.98.22110.167.98.221
11210.167.98.222/3110.167.98.222 – 10.167.98.22310.167.98.223
11310.167.98.224/3110.167.98.224 – 10.167.98.22510.167.98.225
11410.167.98.226/3110.167.98.226 – 10.167.98.22710.167.98.227
11510.167.98.228/3110.167.98.228 – 10.167.98.22910.167.98.229
11610.167.98.230/3110.167.98.230 – 10.167.98.23110.167.98.231
11710.167.98.232/3110.167.98.232 – 10.167.98.23310.167.98.233
11810.167.98.234/3110.167.98.234 – 10.167.98.23510.167.98.235
11910.167.98.236/3110.167.98.236 – 10.167.98.23710.167.98.237
12010.167.98.238/3110.167.98.238 – 10.167.98.23910.167.98.239
12110.167.98.240/3110.167.98.240 – 10.167.98.24110.167.98.241
12210.167.98.242/3110.167.98.242 – 10.167.98.24310.167.98.243
12310.167.98.244/3110.167.98.244 – 10.167.98.24510.167.98.245
12410.167.98.246/3110.167.98.246 – 10.167.98.24710.167.98.247
12510.167.98.248/3110.167.98.248 – 10.167.98.24910.167.98.249
12610.167.98.250/3110.167.98.250 – 10.167.98.25110.167.98.251
12710.167.98.252/3110.167.98.252 – 10.167.98.25310.167.98.253
12810.167.98.254/3110.167.98.254 – 10.167.98.25510.167.98.255
12910.167.99.0/3110.167.99.0 – 10.167.99.110.167.99.1
13010.167.99.2/3110.167.99.2 – 10.167.99.310.167.99.3
13110.167.99.4/3110.167.99.4 – 10.167.99.510.167.99.5
13210.167.99.6/3110.167.99.6 – 10.167.99.710.167.99.7
13310.167.99.8/3110.167.99.8 – 10.167.99.910.167.99.9
13410.167.99.10/3110.167.99.10 – 10.167.99.1110.167.99.11
13510.167.99.12/3110.167.99.12 – 10.167.99.1310.167.99.13
13610.167.99.14/3110.167.99.14 – 10.167.99.1510.167.99.15
13710.167.99.16/3110.167.99.16 – 10.167.99.1710.167.99.17
13810.167.99.18/3110.167.99.18 – 10.167.99.1910.167.99.19
13910.167.99.20/3110.167.99.20 – 10.167.99.2110.167.99.21
14010.167.99.22/3110.167.99.22 – 10.167.99.2310.167.99.23
14110.167.99.24/3110.167.99.24 – 10.167.99.2510.167.99.25
14210.167.99.26/3110.167.99.26 – 10.167.99.2710.167.99.27
14310.167.99.28/3110.167.99.28 – 10.167.99.2910.167.99.29
14410.167.99.30/3110.167.99.30 – 10.167.99.3110.167.99.31
14510.167.99.32/3110.167.99.32 – 10.167.99.3310.167.99.33
14610.167.99.34/3110.167.99.34 – 10.167.99.3510.167.99.35
14710.167.99.36/3110.167.99.36 – 10.167.99.3710.167.99.37
14810.167.99.38/3110.167.99.38 – 10.167.99.3910.167.99.39
14910.167.99.40/3110.167.99.40 – 10.167.99.4110.167.99.41
15010.167.99.42/3110.167.99.42 – 10.167.99.4310.167.99.43
15110.167.99.44/3110.167.99.44 – 10.167.99.4510.167.99.45
15210.167.99.46/3110.167.99.46 – 10.167.99.4710.167.99.47
15310.167.99.48/3110.167.99.48 – 10.167.99.4910.167.99.49
15410.167.99.50/3110.167.99.50 – 10.167.99.5110.167.99.51
15510.167.99.52/3110.167.99.52 – 10.167.99.5310.167.99.53
15610.167.99.54/3110.167.99.54 – 10.167.99.5510.167.99.55
15710.167.99.56/3110.167.99.56 – 10.167.99.5710.167.99.57
15810.167.99.58/3110.167.99.58 – 10.167.99.5910.167.99.59
15910.167.99.60/3110.167.99.60 – 10.167.99.6110.167.99.61
16010.167.99.62/3110.167.99.62 – 10.167.99.6310.167.99.63
16110.167.99.64/3110.167.99.64 – 10.167.99.6510.167.99.65
16210.167.99.66/3110.167.99.66 – 10.167.99.6710.167.99.67
16310.167.99.68/3110.167.99.68 – 10.167.99.6910.167.99.69
16410.167.99.70/3110.167.99.70 – 10.167.99.7110.167.99.71
16510.167.99.72/3110.167.99.72 – 10.167.99.7310.167.99.73
16610.167.99.74/3110.167.99.74 – 10.167.99.7510.167.99.75
16710.167.99.76/3110.167.99.76 – 10.167.99.7710.167.99.77
16810.167.99.78/3110.167.99.78 – 10.167.99.7910.167.99.79
16910.167.99.80/3110.167.99.80 – 10.167.99.8110.167.99.81
17010.167.99.82/3110.167.99.82 – 10.167.99.8310.167.99.83
17110.167.99.84/3110.167.99.84 – 10.167.99.8510.167.99.85
17210.167.99.86/3110.167.99.86 – 10.167.99.8710.167.99.87
17310.167.99.88/3110.167.99.88 – 10.167.99.8910.167.99.89
17410.167.99.90/3110.167.99.90 – 10.167.99.9110.167.99.91
17510.167.99.92/3110.167.99.92 – 10.167.99.9310.167.99.93
17610.167.99.94/3110.167.99.94 – 10.167.99.9510.167.99.95
17710.167.99.96/3110.167.99.96 – 10.167.99.9710.167.99.97
17810.167.99.98/3110.167.99.98 – 10.167.99.9910.167.99.99
17910.167.99.100/3110.167.99.100 – 10.167.99.10110.167.99.101
18010.167.99.102/3110.167.99.102 – 10.167.99.10310.167.99.103
18110.167.99.104/3110.167.99.104 – 10.167.99.10510.167.99.105
18210.167.99.106/3110.167.99.106 – 10.167.99.10710.167.99.107
18310.167.99.108/3110.167.99.108 – 10.167.99.10910.167.99.109
18410.167.99.110/3110.167.99.110 – 10.167.99.11110.167.99.111
18510.167.99.112/3110.167.99.112 – 10.167.99.11310.167.99.113
18610.167.99.114/3110.167.99.114 – 10.167.99.11510.167.99.115
18710.167.99.116/3110.167.99.116 – 10.167.99.11710.167.99.117
18810.167.99.118/3110.167.99.118 – 10.167.99.11910.167.99.119
18910.167.99.120/3110.167.99.120 – 10.167.99.12110.167.99.121
19010.167.99.122/3110.167.99.122 – 10.167.99.12310.167.99.123
19110.167.99.124/3110.167.99.124 – 10.167.99.12510.167.99.125
19210.167.99.126/3110.167.99.126 – 10.167.99.12710.167.99.127
19310.167.99.128/3110.167.99.128 – 10.167.99.12910.167.99.129
19410.167.99.130/3110.167.99.130 – 10.167.99.13110.167.99.131
19510.167.99.132/3110.167.99.132 – 10.167.99.13310.167.99.133
19610.167.99.134/3110.167.99.134 – 10.167.99.13510.167.99.135
19710.167.99.136/3110.167.99.136 – 10.167.99.13710.167.99.137
19810.167.99.138/3110.167.99.138 – 10.167.99.13910.167.99.139
19910.167.99.140/3110.167.99.140 – 10.167.99.14110.167.99.141
20010.167.99.142/3110.167.99.142 – 10.167.99.14310.167.99.143
20110.167.99.144/3110.167.99.144 – 10.167.99.14510.167.99.145
20210.167.99.146/3110.167.99.146 – 10.167.99.14710.167.99.147
20310.167.99.148/3110.167.99.148 – 10.167.99.14910.167.99.149
20410.167.99.150/3110.167.99.150 – 10.167.99.15110.167.99.151
20510.167.99.152/3110.167.99.152 – 10.167.99.15310.167.99.153
20610.167.99.154/3110.167.99.154 – 10.167.99.15510.167.99.155
20710.167.99.156/3110.167.99.156 – 10.167.99.15710.167.99.157
20810.167.99.158/3110.167.99.158 – 10.167.99.15910.167.99.159
20910.167.99.160/3110.167.99.160 – 10.167.99.16110.167.99.161
21010.167.99.162/3110.167.99.162 – 10.167.99.16310.167.99.163
21110.167.99.164/3110.167.99.164 – 10.167.99.16510.167.99.165
21210.167.99.166/3110.167.99.166 – 10.167.99.16710.167.99.167
21310.167.99.168/3110.167.99.168 – 10.167.99.16910.167.99.169
21410.167.99.170/3110.167.99.170 – 10.167.99.17110.167.99.171
21510.167.99.172/3110.167.99.172 – 10.167.99.17310.167.99.173
21610.167.99.174/3110.167.99.174 – 10.167.99.17510.167.99.175
21710.167.99.176/3110.167.99.176 – 10.167.99.17710.167.99.177
21810.167.99.178/3110.167.99.178 – 10.167.99.17910.167.99.179
21910.167.99.180/3110.167.99.180 – 10.167.99.18110.167.99.181
22010.167.99.182/3110.167.99.182 – 10.167.99.18310.167.99.183
22110.167.99.184/3110.167.99.184 – 10.167.99.18510.167.99.185
22210.167.99.186/3110.167.99.186 – 10.167.99.18710.167.99.187
22310.167.99.188/3110.167.99.188 – 10.167.99.18910.167.99.189
22410.167.99.190/3110.167.99.190 – 10.167.99.19110.167.99.191
22510.167.99.192/3110.167.99.192 – 10.167.99.19310.167.99.193
22610.167.99.194/3110.167.99.194 – 10.167.99.19510.167.99.195
22710.167.99.196/3110.167.99.196 – 10.167.99.19710.167.99.197
22810.167.99.198/3110.167.99.198 – 10.167.99.19910.167.99.199
22910.167.99.200/3110.167.99.200 – 10.167.99.20110.167.99.201
23010.167.99.202/3110.167.99.202 – 10.167.99.20310.167.99.203
23110.167.99.204/3110.167.99.204 – 10.167.99.20510.167.99.205
23210.167.99.206/3110.167.99.206 – 10.167.99.20710.167.99.207
23310.167.99.208/3110.167.99.208 – 10.167.99.20910.167.99.209
23410.167.99.210/3110.167.99.210 – 10.167.99.21110.167.99.211
23510.167.99.212/3110.167.99.212 – 10.167.99.21310.167.99.213
23610.167.99.214/3110.167.99.214 – 10.167.99.21510.167.99.215
23710.167.99.216/3110.167.99.216 – 10.167.99.21710.167.99.217
23810.167.99.218/3110.167.99.218 – 10.167.99.21910.167.99.219
23910.167.99.220/3110.167.99.220 – 10.167.99.22110.167.99.221
24010.167.99.222/3110.167.99.222 – 10.167.99.22310.167.99.223
24110.167.99.224/3110.167.99.224 – 10.167.99.22510.167.99.225
24210.167.99.226/3110.167.99.226 – 10.167.99.22710.167.99.227
24310.167.99.228/3110.167.99.228 – 10.167.99.22910.167.99.229
24410.167.99.230/3110.167.99.230 – 10.167.99.23110.167.99.231
24510.167.99.232/3110.167.99.232 – 10.167.99.23310.167.99.233
24610.167.99.234/3110.167.99.234 – 10.167.99.23510.167.99.235
24710.167.99.236/3110.167.99.236 – 10.167.99.23710.167.99.237
24810.167.99.238/3110.167.99.238 – 10.167.99.23910.167.99.239
24910.167.99.240/3110.167.99.240 – 10.167.99.24110.167.99.241
25010.167.99.242/3110.167.99.242 – 10.167.99.24310.167.99.243
25110.167.99.244/3110.167.99.244 – 10.167.99.24510.167.99.245
25210.167.99.246/3110.167.99.246 – 10.167.99.24710.167.99.247
25310.167.99.248/3110.167.99.248 – 10.167.99.24910.167.99.249
25410.167.99.250/3110.167.99.250 – 10.167.99.25110.167.99.251
25510.167.99.252/3110.167.99.252 – 10.167.99.25310.167.99.253
25610.167.99.254/3110.167.99.254 – 10.167.99.25510.167.99.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →