ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.86.0/23
network10.167.86.0/23
broadcast10.167.87.255
first host10.167.86.1
last host10.167.87.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.86.0/23
address00001010.10100111.01010110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.01010110.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.01010111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa75600
decimal178738688
reverse dns0.86.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:5600

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.86.0/3110.167.86.0 – 10.167.86.110.167.86.1
210.167.86.2/3110.167.86.2 – 10.167.86.310.167.86.3
310.167.86.4/3110.167.86.4 – 10.167.86.510.167.86.5
410.167.86.6/3110.167.86.6 – 10.167.86.710.167.86.7
510.167.86.8/3110.167.86.8 – 10.167.86.910.167.86.9
610.167.86.10/3110.167.86.10 – 10.167.86.1110.167.86.11
710.167.86.12/3110.167.86.12 – 10.167.86.1310.167.86.13
810.167.86.14/3110.167.86.14 – 10.167.86.1510.167.86.15
910.167.86.16/3110.167.86.16 – 10.167.86.1710.167.86.17
1010.167.86.18/3110.167.86.18 – 10.167.86.1910.167.86.19
1110.167.86.20/3110.167.86.20 – 10.167.86.2110.167.86.21
1210.167.86.22/3110.167.86.22 – 10.167.86.2310.167.86.23
1310.167.86.24/3110.167.86.24 – 10.167.86.2510.167.86.25
1410.167.86.26/3110.167.86.26 – 10.167.86.2710.167.86.27
1510.167.86.28/3110.167.86.28 – 10.167.86.2910.167.86.29
1610.167.86.30/3110.167.86.30 – 10.167.86.3110.167.86.31
1710.167.86.32/3110.167.86.32 – 10.167.86.3310.167.86.33
1810.167.86.34/3110.167.86.34 – 10.167.86.3510.167.86.35
1910.167.86.36/3110.167.86.36 – 10.167.86.3710.167.86.37
2010.167.86.38/3110.167.86.38 – 10.167.86.3910.167.86.39
2110.167.86.40/3110.167.86.40 – 10.167.86.4110.167.86.41
2210.167.86.42/3110.167.86.42 – 10.167.86.4310.167.86.43
2310.167.86.44/3110.167.86.44 – 10.167.86.4510.167.86.45
2410.167.86.46/3110.167.86.46 – 10.167.86.4710.167.86.47
2510.167.86.48/3110.167.86.48 – 10.167.86.4910.167.86.49
2610.167.86.50/3110.167.86.50 – 10.167.86.5110.167.86.51
2710.167.86.52/3110.167.86.52 – 10.167.86.5310.167.86.53
2810.167.86.54/3110.167.86.54 – 10.167.86.5510.167.86.55
2910.167.86.56/3110.167.86.56 – 10.167.86.5710.167.86.57
3010.167.86.58/3110.167.86.58 – 10.167.86.5910.167.86.59
3110.167.86.60/3110.167.86.60 – 10.167.86.6110.167.86.61
3210.167.86.62/3110.167.86.62 – 10.167.86.6310.167.86.63
3310.167.86.64/3110.167.86.64 – 10.167.86.6510.167.86.65
3410.167.86.66/3110.167.86.66 – 10.167.86.6710.167.86.67
3510.167.86.68/3110.167.86.68 – 10.167.86.6910.167.86.69
3610.167.86.70/3110.167.86.70 – 10.167.86.7110.167.86.71
3710.167.86.72/3110.167.86.72 – 10.167.86.7310.167.86.73
3810.167.86.74/3110.167.86.74 – 10.167.86.7510.167.86.75
3910.167.86.76/3110.167.86.76 – 10.167.86.7710.167.86.77
4010.167.86.78/3110.167.86.78 – 10.167.86.7910.167.86.79
4110.167.86.80/3110.167.86.80 – 10.167.86.8110.167.86.81
4210.167.86.82/3110.167.86.82 – 10.167.86.8310.167.86.83
4310.167.86.84/3110.167.86.84 – 10.167.86.8510.167.86.85
4410.167.86.86/3110.167.86.86 – 10.167.86.8710.167.86.87
4510.167.86.88/3110.167.86.88 – 10.167.86.8910.167.86.89
4610.167.86.90/3110.167.86.90 – 10.167.86.9110.167.86.91
4710.167.86.92/3110.167.86.92 – 10.167.86.9310.167.86.93
4810.167.86.94/3110.167.86.94 – 10.167.86.9510.167.86.95
4910.167.86.96/3110.167.86.96 – 10.167.86.9710.167.86.97
5010.167.86.98/3110.167.86.98 – 10.167.86.9910.167.86.99
5110.167.86.100/3110.167.86.100 – 10.167.86.10110.167.86.101
5210.167.86.102/3110.167.86.102 – 10.167.86.10310.167.86.103
5310.167.86.104/3110.167.86.104 – 10.167.86.10510.167.86.105
5410.167.86.106/3110.167.86.106 – 10.167.86.10710.167.86.107
5510.167.86.108/3110.167.86.108 – 10.167.86.10910.167.86.109
5610.167.86.110/3110.167.86.110 – 10.167.86.11110.167.86.111
5710.167.86.112/3110.167.86.112 – 10.167.86.11310.167.86.113
5810.167.86.114/3110.167.86.114 – 10.167.86.11510.167.86.115
5910.167.86.116/3110.167.86.116 – 10.167.86.11710.167.86.117
6010.167.86.118/3110.167.86.118 – 10.167.86.11910.167.86.119
6110.167.86.120/3110.167.86.120 – 10.167.86.12110.167.86.121
6210.167.86.122/3110.167.86.122 – 10.167.86.12310.167.86.123
6310.167.86.124/3110.167.86.124 – 10.167.86.12510.167.86.125
6410.167.86.126/3110.167.86.126 – 10.167.86.12710.167.86.127
6510.167.86.128/3110.167.86.128 – 10.167.86.12910.167.86.129
6610.167.86.130/3110.167.86.130 – 10.167.86.13110.167.86.131
6710.167.86.132/3110.167.86.132 – 10.167.86.13310.167.86.133
6810.167.86.134/3110.167.86.134 – 10.167.86.13510.167.86.135
6910.167.86.136/3110.167.86.136 – 10.167.86.13710.167.86.137
7010.167.86.138/3110.167.86.138 – 10.167.86.13910.167.86.139
7110.167.86.140/3110.167.86.140 – 10.167.86.14110.167.86.141
7210.167.86.142/3110.167.86.142 – 10.167.86.14310.167.86.143
7310.167.86.144/3110.167.86.144 – 10.167.86.14510.167.86.145
7410.167.86.146/3110.167.86.146 – 10.167.86.14710.167.86.147
7510.167.86.148/3110.167.86.148 – 10.167.86.14910.167.86.149
7610.167.86.150/3110.167.86.150 – 10.167.86.15110.167.86.151
7710.167.86.152/3110.167.86.152 – 10.167.86.15310.167.86.153
7810.167.86.154/3110.167.86.154 – 10.167.86.15510.167.86.155
7910.167.86.156/3110.167.86.156 – 10.167.86.15710.167.86.157
8010.167.86.158/3110.167.86.158 – 10.167.86.15910.167.86.159
8110.167.86.160/3110.167.86.160 – 10.167.86.16110.167.86.161
8210.167.86.162/3110.167.86.162 – 10.167.86.16310.167.86.163
8310.167.86.164/3110.167.86.164 – 10.167.86.16510.167.86.165
8410.167.86.166/3110.167.86.166 – 10.167.86.16710.167.86.167
8510.167.86.168/3110.167.86.168 – 10.167.86.16910.167.86.169
8610.167.86.170/3110.167.86.170 – 10.167.86.17110.167.86.171
8710.167.86.172/3110.167.86.172 – 10.167.86.17310.167.86.173
8810.167.86.174/3110.167.86.174 – 10.167.86.17510.167.86.175
8910.167.86.176/3110.167.86.176 – 10.167.86.17710.167.86.177
9010.167.86.178/3110.167.86.178 – 10.167.86.17910.167.86.179
9110.167.86.180/3110.167.86.180 – 10.167.86.18110.167.86.181
9210.167.86.182/3110.167.86.182 – 10.167.86.18310.167.86.183
9310.167.86.184/3110.167.86.184 – 10.167.86.18510.167.86.185
9410.167.86.186/3110.167.86.186 – 10.167.86.18710.167.86.187
9510.167.86.188/3110.167.86.188 – 10.167.86.18910.167.86.189
9610.167.86.190/3110.167.86.190 – 10.167.86.19110.167.86.191
9710.167.86.192/3110.167.86.192 – 10.167.86.19310.167.86.193
9810.167.86.194/3110.167.86.194 – 10.167.86.19510.167.86.195
9910.167.86.196/3110.167.86.196 – 10.167.86.19710.167.86.197
10010.167.86.198/3110.167.86.198 – 10.167.86.19910.167.86.199
10110.167.86.200/3110.167.86.200 – 10.167.86.20110.167.86.201
10210.167.86.202/3110.167.86.202 – 10.167.86.20310.167.86.203
10310.167.86.204/3110.167.86.204 – 10.167.86.20510.167.86.205
10410.167.86.206/3110.167.86.206 – 10.167.86.20710.167.86.207
10510.167.86.208/3110.167.86.208 – 10.167.86.20910.167.86.209
10610.167.86.210/3110.167.86.210 – 10.167.86.21110.167.86.211
10710.167.86.212/3110.167.86.212 – 10.167.86.21310.167.86.213
10810.167.86.214/3110.167.86.214 – 10.167.86.21510.167.86.215
10910.167.86.216/3110.167.86.216 – 10.167.86.21710.167.86.217
11010.167.86.218/3110.167.86.218 – 10.167.86.21910.167.86.219
11110.167.86.220/3110.167.86.220 – 10.167.86.22110.167.86.221
11210.167.86.222/3110.167.86.222 – 10.167.86.22310.167.86.223
11310.167.86.224/3110.167.86.224 – 10.167.86.22510.167.86.225
11410.167.86.226/3110.167.86.226 – 10.167.86.22710.167.86.227
11510.167.86.228/3110.167.86.228 – 10.167.86.22910.167.86.229
11610.167.86.230/3110.167.86.230 – 10.167.86.23110.167.86.231
11710.167.86.232/3110.167.86.232 – 10.167.86.23310.167.86.233
11810.167.86.234/3110.167.86.234 – 10.167.86.23510.167.86.235
11910.167.86.236/3110.167.86.236 – 10.167.86.23710.167.86.237
12010.167.86.238/3110.167.86.238 – 10.167.86.23910.167.86.239
12110.167.86.240/3110.167.86.240 – 10.167.86.24110.167.86.241
12210.167.86.242/3110.167.86.242 – 10.167.86.24310.167.86.243
12310.167.86.244/3110.167.86.244 – 10.167.86.24510.167.86.245
12410.167.86.246/3110.167.86.246 – 10.167.86.24710.167.86.247
12510.167.86.248/3110.167.86.248 – 10.167.86.24910.167.86.249
12610.167.86.250/3110.167.86.250 – 10.167.86.25110.167.86.251
12710.167.86.252/3110.167.86.252 – 10.167.86.25310.167.86.253
12810.167.86.254/3110.167.86.254 – 10.167.86.25510.167.86.255
12910.167.87.0/3110.167.87.0 – 10.167.87.110.167.87.1
13010.167.87.2/3110.167.87.2 – 10.167.87.310.167.87.3
13110.167.87.4/3110.167.87.4 – 10.167.87.510.167.87.5
13210.167.87.6/3110.167.87.6 – 10.167.87.710.167.87.7
13310.167.87.8/3110.167.87.8 – 10.167.87.910.167.87.9
13410.167.87.10/3110.167.87.10 – 10.167.87.1110.167.87.11
13510.167.87.12/3110.167.87.12 – 10.167.87.1310.167.87.13
13610.167.87.14/3110.167.87.14 – 10.167.87.1510.167.87.15
13710.167.87.16/3110.167.87.16 – 10.167.87.1710.167.87.17
13810.167.87.18/3110.167.87.18 – 10.167.87.1910.167.87.19
13910.167.87.20/3110.167.87.20 – 10.167.87.2110.167.87.21
14010.167.87.22/3110.167.87.22 – 10.167.87.2310.167.87.23
14110.167.87.24/3110.167.87.24 – 10.167.87.2510.167.87.25
14210.167.87.26/3110.167.87.26 – 10.167.87.2710.167.87.27
14310.167.87.28/3110.167.87.28 – 10.167.87.2910.167.87.29
14410.167.87.30/3110.167.87.30 – 10.167.87.3110.167.87.31
14510.167.87.32/3110.167.87.32 – 10.167.87.3310.167.87.33
14610.167.87.34/3110.167.87.34 – 10.167.87.3510.167.87.35
14710.167.87.36/3110.167.87.36 – 10.167.87.3710.167.87.37
14810.167.87.38/3110.167.87.38 – 10.167.87.3910.167.87.39
14910.167.87.40/3110.167.87.40 – 10.167.87.4110.167.87.41
15010.167.87.42/3110.167.87.42 – 10.167.87.4310.167.87.43
15110.167.87.44/3110.167.87.44 – 10.167.87.4510.167.87.45
15210.167.87.46/3110.167.87.46 – 10.167.87.4710.167.87.47
15310.167.87.48/3110.167.87.48 – 10.167.87.4910.167.87.49
15410.167.87.50/3110.167.87.50 – 10.167.87.5110.167.87.51
15510.167.87.52/3110.167.87.52 – 10.167.87.5310.167.87.53
15610.167.87.54/3110.167.87.54 – 10.167.87.5510.167.87.55
15710.167.87.56/3110.167.87.56 – 10.167.87.5710.167.87.57
15810.167.87.58/3110.167.87.58 – 10.167.87.5910.167.87.59
15910.167.87.60/3110.167.87.60 – 10.167.87.6110.167.87.61
16010.167.87.62/3110.167.87.62 – 10.167.87.6310.167.87.63
16110.167.87.64/3110.167.87.64 – 10.167.87.6510.167.87.65
16210.167.87.66/3110.167.87.66 – 10.167.87.6710.167.87.67
16310.167.87.68/3110.167.87.68 – 10.167.87.6910.167.87.69
16410.167.87.70/3110.167.87.70 – 10.167.87.7110.167.87.71
16510.167.87.72/3110.167.87.72 – 10.167.87.7310.167.87.73
16610.167.87.74/3110.167.87.74 – 10.167.87.7510.167.87.75
16710.167.87.76/3110.167.87.76 – 10.167.87.7710.167.87.77
16810.167.87.78/3110.167.87.78 – 10.167.87.7910.167.87.79
16910.167.87.80/3110.167.87.80 – 10.167.87.8110.167.87.81
17010.167.87.82/3110.167.87.82 – 10.167.87.8310.167.87.83
17110.167.87.84/3110.167.87.84 – 10.167.87.8510.167.87.85
17210.167.87.86/3110.167.87.86 – 10.167.87.8710.167.87.87
17310.167.87.88/3110.167.87.88 – 10.167.87.8910.167.87.89
17410.167.87.90/3110.167.87.90 – 10.167.87.9110.167.87.91
17510.167.87.92/3110.167.87.92 – 10.167.87.9310.167.87.93
17610.167.87.94/3110.167.87.94 – 10.167.87.9510.167.87.95
17710.167.87.96/3110.167.87.96 – 10.167.87.9710.167.87.97
17810.167.87.98/3110.167.87.98 – 10.167.87.9910.167.87.99
17910.167.87.100/3110.167.87.100 – 10.167.87.10110.167.87.101
18010.167.87.102/3110.167.87.102 – 10.167.87.10310.167.87.103
18110.167.87.104/3110.167.87.104 – 10.167.87.10510.167.87.105
18210.167.87.106/3110.167.87.106 – 10.167.87.10710.167.87.107
18310.167.87.108/3110.167.87.108 – 10.167.87.10910.167.87.109
18410.167.87.110/3110.167.87.110 – 10.167.87.11110.167.87.111
18510.167.87.112/3110.167.87.112 – 10.167.87.11310.167.87.113
18610.167.87.114/3110.167.87.114 – 10.167.87.11510.167.87.115
18710.167.87.116/3110.167.87.116 – 10.167.87.11710.167.87.117
18810.167.87.118/3110.167.87.118 – 10.167.87.11910.167.87.119
18910.167.87.120/3110.167.87.120 – 10.167.87.12110.167.87.121
19010.167.87.122/3110.167.87.122 – 10.167.87.12310.167.87.123
19110.167.87.124/3110.167.87.124 – 10.167.87.12510.167.87.125
19210.167.87.126/3110.167.87.126 – 10.167.87.12710.167.87.127
19310.167.87.128/3110.167.87.128 – 10.167.87.12910.167.87.129
19410.167.87.130/3110.167.87.130 – 10.167.87.13110.167.87.131
19510.167.87.132/3110.167.87.132 – 10.167.87.13310.167.87.133
19610.167.87.134/3110.167.87.134 – 10.167.87.13510.167.87.135
19710.167.87.136/3110.167.87.136 – 10.167.87.13710.167.87.137
19810.167.87.138/3110.167.87.138 – 10.167.87.13910.167.87.139
19910.167.87.140/3110.167.87.140 – 10.167.87.14110.167.87.141
20010.167.87.142/3110.167.87.142 – 10.167.87.14310.167.87.143
20110.167.87.144/3110.167.87.144 – 10.167.87.14510.167.87.145
20210.167.87.146/3110.167.87.146 – 10.167.87.14710.167.87.147
20310.167.87.148/3110.167.87.148 – 10.167.87.14910.167.87.149
20410.167.87.150/3110.167.87.150 – 10.167.87.15110.167.87.151
20510.167.87.152/3110.167.87.152 – 10.167.87.15310.167.87.153
20610.167.87.154/3110.167.87.154 – 10.167.87.15510.167.87.155
20710.167.87.156/3110.167.87.156 – 10.167.87.15710.167.87.157
20810.167.87.158/3110.167.87.158 – 10.167.87.15910.167.87.159
20910.167.87.160/3110.167.87.160 – 10.167.87.16110.167.87.161
21010.167.87.162/3110.167.87.162 – 10.167.87.16310.167.87.163
21110.167.87.164/3110.167.87.164 – 10.167.87.16510.167.87.165
21210.167.87.166/3110.167.87.166 – 10.167.87.16710.167.87.167
21310.167.87.168/3110.167.87.168 – 10.167.87.16910.167.87.169
21410.167.87.170/3110.167.87.170 – 10.167.87.17110.167.87.171
21510.167.87.172/3110.167.87.172 – 10.167.87.17310.167.87.173
21610.167.87.174/3110.167.87.174 – 10.167.87.17510.167.87.175
21710.167.87.176/3110.167.87.176 – 10.167.87.17710.167.87.177
21810.167.87.178/3110.167.87.178 – 10.167.87.17910.167.87.179
21910.167.87.180/3110.167.87.180 – 10.167.87.18110.167.87.181
22010.167.87.182/3110.167.87.182 – 10.167.87.18310.167.87.183
22110.167.87.184/3110.167.87.184 – 10.167.87.18510.167.87.185
22210.167.87.186/3110.167.87.186 – 10.167.87.18710.167.87.187
22310.167.87.188/3110.167.87.188 – 10.167.87.18910.167.87.189
22410.167.87.190/3110.167.87.190 – 10.167.87.19110.167.87.191
22510.167.87.192/3110.167.87.192 – 10.167.87.19310.167.87.193
22610.167.87.194/3110.167.87.194 – 10.167.87.19510.167.87.195
22710.167.87.196/3110.167.87.196 – 10.167.87.19710.167.87.197
22810.167.87.198/3110.167.87.198 – 10.167.87.19910.167.87.199
22910.167.87.200/3110.167.87.200 – 10.167.87.20110.167.87.201
23010.167.87.202/3110.167.87.202 – 10.167.87.20310.167.87.203
23110.167.87.204/3110.167.87.204 – 10.167.87.20510.167.87.205
23210.167.87.206/3110.167.87.206 – 10.167.87.20710.167.87.207
23310.167.87.208/3110.167.87.208 – 10.167.87.20910.167.87.209
23410.167.87.210/3110.167.87.210 – 10.167.87.21110.167.87.211
23510.167.87.212/3110.167.87.212 – 10.167.87.21310.167.87.213
23610.167.87.214/3110.167.87.214 – 10.167.87.21510.167.87.215
23710.167.87.216/3110.167.87.216 – 10.167.87.21710.167.87.217
23810.167.87.218/3110.167.87.218 – 10.167.87.21910.167.87.219
23910.167.87.220/3110.167.87.220 – 10.167.87.22110.167.87.221
24010.167.87.222/3110.167.87.222 – 10.167.87.22310.167.87.223
24110.167.87.224/3110.167.87.224 – 10.167.87.22510.167.87.225
24210.167.87.226/3110.167.87.226 – 10.167.87.22710.167.87.227
24310.167.87.228/3110.167.87.228 – 10.167.87.22910.167.87.229
24410.167.87.230/3110.167.87.230 – 10.167.87.23110.167.87.231
24510.167.87.232/3110.167.87.232 – 10.167.87.23310.167.87.233
24610.167.87.234/3110.167.87.234 – 10.167.87.23510.167.87.235
24710.167.87.236/3110.167.87.236 – 10.167.87.23710.167.87.237
24810.167.87.238/3110.167.87.238 – 10.167.87.23910.167.87.239
24910.167.87.240/3110.167.87.240 – 10.167.87.24110.167.87.241
25010.167.87.242/3110.167.87.242 – 10.167.87.24310.167.87.243
25110.167.87.244/3110.167.87.244 – 10.167.87.24510.167.87.245
25210.167.87.246/3110.167.87.246 – 10.167.87.24710.167.87.247
25310.167.87.248/3110.167.87.248 – 10.167.87.24910.167.87.249
25410.167.87.250/3110.167.87.250 – 10.167.87.25110.167.87.251
25510.167.87.252/3110.167.87.252 – 10.167.87.25310.167.87.253
25610.167.87.254/3110.167.87.254 – 10.167.87.25510.167.87.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →