ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.74.0/23
network10.167.74.0/23
broadcast10.167.75.255
first host10.167.74.1
last host10.167.75.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.74.0/23
address00001010.10100111.01001010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.01001010.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.01001011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa74a00
decimal178735616
reverse dns0.74.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:4a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.74.0/3110.167.74.0 – 10.167.74.110.167.74.1
210.167.74.2/3110.167.74.2 – 10.167.74.310.167.74.3
310.167.74.4/3110.167.74.4 – 10.167.74.510.167.74.5
410.167.74.6/3110.167.74.6 – 10.167.74.710.167.74.7
510.167.74.8/3110.167.74.8 – 10.167.74.910.167.74.9
610.167.74.10/3110.167.74.10 – 10.167.74.1110.167.74.11
710.167.74.12/3110.167.74.12 – 10.167.74.1310.167.74.13
810.167.74.14/3110.167.74.14 – 10.167.74.1510.167.74.15
910.167.74.16/3110.167.74.16 – 10.167.74.1710.167.74.17
1010.167.74.18/3110.167.74.18 – 10.167.74.1910.167.74.19
1110.167.74.20/3110.167.74.20 – 10.167.74.2110.167.74.21
1210.167.74.22/3110.167.74.22 – 10.167.74.2310.167.74.23
1310.167.74.24/3110.167.74.24 – 10.167.74.2510.167.74.25
1410.167.74.26/3110.167.74.26 – 10.167.74.2710.167.74.27
1510.167.74.28/3110.167.74.28 – 10.167.74.2910.167.74.29
1610.167.74.30/3110.167.74.30 – 10.167.74.3110.167.74.31
1710.167.74.32/3110.167.74.32 – 10.167.74.3310.167.74.33
1810.167.74.34/3110.167.74.34 – 10.167.74.3510.167.74.35
1910.167.74.36/3110.167.74.36 – 10.167.74.3710.167.74.37
2010.167.74.38/3110.167.74.38 – 10.167.74.3910.167.74.39
2110.167.74.40/3110.167.74.40 – 10.167.74.4110.167.74.41
2210.167.74.42/3110.167.74.42 – 10.167.74.4310.167.74.43
2310.167.74.44/3110.167.74.44 – 10.167.74.4510.167.74.45
2410.167.74.46/3110.167.74.46 – 10.167.74.4710.167.74.47
2510.167.74.48/3110.167.74.48 – 10.167.74.4910.167.74.49
2610.167.74.50/3110.167.74.50 – 10.167.74.5110.167.74.51
2710.167.74.52/3110.167.74.52 – 10.167.74.5310.167.74.53
2810.167.74.54/3110.167.74.54 – 10.167.74.5510.167.74.55
2910.167.74.56/3110.167.74.56 – 10.167.74.5710.167.74.57
3010.167.74.58/3110.167.74.58 – 10.167.74.5910.167.74.59
3110.167.74.60/3110.167.74.60 – 10.167.74.6110.167.74.61
3210.167.74.62/3110.167.74.62 – 10.167.74.6310.167.74.63
3310.167.74.64/3110.167.74.64 – 10.167.74.6510.167.74.65
3410.167.74.66/3110.167.74.66 – 10.167.74.6710.167.74.67
3510.167.74.68/3110.167.74.68 – 10.167.74.6910.167.74.69
3610.167.74.70/3110.167.74.70 – 10.167.74.7110.167.74.71
3710.167.74.72/3110.167.74.72 – 10.167.74.7310.167.74.73
3810.167.74.74/3110.167.74.74 – 10.167.74.7510.167.74.75
3910.167.74.76/3110.167.74.76 – 10.167.74.7710.167.74.77
4010.167.74.78/3110.167.74.78 – 10.167.74.7910.167.74.79
4110.167.74.80/3110.167.74.80 – 10.167.74.8110.167.74.81
4210.167.74.82/3110.167.74.82 – 10.167.74.8310.167.74.83
4310.167.74.84/3110.167.74.84 – 10.167.74.8510.167.74.85
4410.167.74.86/3110.167.74.86 – 10.167.74.8710.167.74.87
4510.167.74.88/3110.167.74.88 – 10.167.74.8910.167.74.89
4610.167.74.90/3110.167.74.90 – 10.167.74.9110.167.74.91
4710.167.74.92/3110.167.74.92 – 10.167.74.9310.167.74.93
4810.167.74.94/3110.167.74.94 – 10.167.74.9510.167.74.95
4910.167.74.96/3110.167.74.96 – 10.167.74.9710.167.74.97
5010.167.74.98/3110.167.74.98 – 10.167.74.9910.167.74.99
5110.167.74.100/3110.167.74.100 – 10.167.74.10110.167.74.101
5210.167.74.102/3110.167.74.102 – 10.167.74.10310.167.74.103
5310.167.74.104/3110.167.74.104 – 10.167.74.10510.167.74.105
5410.167.74.106/3110.167.74.106 – 10.167.74.10710.167.74.107
5510.167.74.108/3110.167.74.108 – 10.167.74.10910.167.74.109
5610.167.74.110/3110.167.74.110 – 10.167.74.11110.167.74.111
5710.167.74.112/3110.167.74.112 – 10.167.74.11310.167.74.113
5810.167.74.114/3110.167.74.114 – 10.167.74.11510.167.74.115
5910.167.74.116/3110.167.74.116 – 10.167.74.11710.167.74.117
6010.167.74.118/3110.167.74.118 – 10.167.74.11910.167.74.119
6110.167.74.120/3110.167.74.120 – 10.167.74.12110.167.74.121
6210.167.74.122/3110.167.74.122 – 10.167.74.12310.167.74.123
6310.167.74.124/3110.167.74.124 – 10.167.74.12510.167.74.125
6410.167.74.126/3110.167.74.126 – 10.167.74.12710.167.74.127
6510.167.74.128/3110.167.74.128 – 10.167.74.12910.167.74.129
6610.167.74.130/3110.167.74.130 – 10.167.74.13110.167.74.131
6710.167.74.132/3110.167.74.132 – 10.167.74.13310.167.74.133
6810.167.74.134/3110.167.74.134 – 10.167.74.13510.167.74.135
6910.167.74.136/3110.167.74.136 – 10.167.74.13710.167.74.137
7010.167.74.138/3110.167.74.138 – 10.167.74.13910.167.74.139
7110.167.74.140/3110.167.74.140 – 10.167.74.14110.167.74.141
7210.167.74.142/3110.167.74.142 – 10.167.74.14310.167.74.143
7310.167.74.144/3110.167.74.144 – 10.167.74.14510.167.74.145
7410.167.74.146/3110.167.74.146 – 10.167.74.14710.167.74.147
7510.167.74.148/3110.167.74.148 – 10.167.74.14910.167.74.149
7610.167.74.150/3110.167.74.150 – 10.167.74.15110.167.74.151
7710.167.74.152/3110.167.74.152 – 10.167.74.15310.167.74.153
7810.167.74.154/3110.167.74.154 – 10.167.74.15510.167.74.155
7910.167.74.156/3110.167.74.156 – 10.167.74.15710.167.74.157
8010.167.74.158/3110.167.74.158 – 10.167.74.15910.167.74.159
8110.167.74.160/3110.167.74.160 – 10.167.74.16110.167.74.161
8210.167.74.162/3110.167.74.162 – 10.167.74.16310.167.74.163
8310.167.74.164/3110.167.74.164 – 10.167.74.16510.167.74.165
8410.167.74.166/3110.167.74.166 – 10.167.74.16710.167.74.167
8510.167.74.168/3110.167.74.168 – 10.167.74.16910.167.74.169
8610.167.74.170/3110.167.74.170 – 10.167.74.17110.167.74.171
8710.167.74.172/3110.167.74.172 – 10.167.74.17310.167.74.173
8810.167.74.174/3110.167.74.174 – 10.167.74.17510.167.74.175
8910.167.74.176/3110.167.74.176 – 10.167.74.17710.167.74.177
9010.167.74.178/3110.167.74.178 – 10.167.74.17910.167.74.179
9110.167.74.180/3110.167.74.180 – 10.167.74.18110.167.74.181
9210.167.74.182/3110.167.74.182 – 10.167.74.18310.167.74.183
9310.167.74.184/3110.167.74.184 – 10.167.74.18510.167.74.185
9410.167.74.186/3110.167.74.186 – 10.167.74.18710.167.74.187
9510.167.74.188/3110.167.74.188 – 10.167.74.18910.167.74.189
9610.167.74.190/3110.167.74.190 – 10.167.74.19110.167.74.191
9710.167.74.192/3110.167.74.192 – 10.167.74.19310.167.74.193
9810.167.74.194/3110.167.74.194 – 10.167.74.19510.167.74.195
9910.167.74.196/3110.167.74.196 – 10.167.74.19710.167.74.197
10010.167.74.198/3110.167.74.198 – 10.167.74.19910.167.74.199
10110.167.74.200/3110.167.74.200 – 10.167.74.20110.167.74.201
10210.167.74.202/3110.167.74.202 – 10.167.74.20310.167.74.203
10310.167.74.204/3110.167.74.204 – 10.167.74.20510.167.74.205
10410.167.74.206/3110.167.74.206 – 10.167.74.20710.167.74.207
10510.167.74.208/3110.167.74.208 – 10.167.74.20910.167.74.209
10610.167.74.210/3110.167.74.210 – 10.167.74.21110.167.74.211
10710.167.74.212/3110.167.74.212 – 10.167.74.21310.167.74.213
10810.167.74.214/3110.167.74.214 – 10.167.74.21510.167.74.215
10910.167.74.216/3110.167.74.216 – 10.167.74.21710.167.74.217
11010.167.74.218/3110.167.74.218 – 10.167.74.21910.167.74.219
11110.167.74.220/3110.167.74.220 – 10.167.74.22110.167.74.221
11210.167.74.222/3110.167.74.222 – 10.167.74.22310.167.74.223
11310.167.74.224/3110.167.74.224 – 10.167.74.22510.167.74.225
11410.167.74.226/3110.167.74.226 – 10.167.74.22710.167.74.227
11510.167.74.228/3110.167.74.228 – 10.167.74.22910.167.74.229
11610.167.74.230/3110.167.74.230 – 10.167.74.23110.167.74.231
11710.167.74.232/3110.167.74.232 – 10.167.74.23310.167.74.233
11810.167.74.234/3110.167.74.234 – 10.167.74.23510.167.74.235
11910.167.74.236/3110.167.74.236 – 10.167.74.23710.167.74.237
12010.167.74.238/3110.167.74.238 – 10.167.74.23910.167.74.239
12110.167.74.240/3110.167.74.240 – 10.167.74.24110.167.74.241
12210.167.74.242/3110.167.74.242 – 10.167.74.24310.167.74.243
12310.167.74.244/3110.167.74.244 – 10.167.74.24510.167.74.245
12410.167.74.246/3110.167.74.246 – 10.167.74.24710.167.74.247
12510.167.74.248/3110.167.74.248 – 10.167.74.24910.167.74.249
12610.167.74.250/3110.167.74.250 – 10.167.74.25110.167.74.251
12710.167.74.252/3110.167.74.252 – 10.167.74.25310.167.74.253
12810.167.74.254/3110.167.74.254 – 10.167.74.25510.167.74.255
12910.167.75.0/3110.167.75.0 – 10.167.75.110.167.75.1
13010.167.75.2/3110.167.75.2 – 10.167.75.310.167.75.3
13110.167.75.4/3110.167.75.4 – 10.167.75.510.167.75.5
13210.167.75.6/3110.167.75.6 – 10.167.75.710.167.75.7
13310.167.75.8/3110.167.75.8 – 10.167.75.910.167.75.9
13410.167.75.10/3110.167.75.10 – 10.167.75.1110.167.75.11
13510.167.75.12/3110.167.75.12 – 10.167.75.1310.167.75.13
13610.167.75.14/3110.167.75.14 – 10.167.75.1510.167.75.15
13710.167.75.16/3110.167.75.16 – 10.167.75.1710.167.75.17
13810.167.75.18/3110.167.75.18 – 10.167.75.1910.167.75.19
13910.167.75.20/3110.167.75.20 – 10.167.75.2110.167.75.21
14010.167.75.22/3110.167.75.22 – 10.167.75.2310.167.75.23
14110.167.75.24/3110.167.75.24 – 10.167.75.2510.167.75.25
14210.167.75.26/3110.167.75.26 – 10.167.75.2710.167.75.27
14310.167.75.28/3110.167.75.28 – 10.167.75.2910.167.75.29
14410.167.75.30/3110.167.75.30 – 10.167.75.3110.167.75.31
14510.167.75.32/3110.167.75.32 – 10.167.75.3310.167.75.33
14610.167.75.34/3110.167.75.34 – 10.167.75.3510.167.75.35
14710.167.75.36/3110.167.75.36 – 10.167.75.3710.167.75.37
14810.167.75.38/3110.167.75.38 – 10.167.75.3910.167.75.39
14910.167.75.40/3110.167.75.40 – 10.167.75.4110.167.75.41
15010.167.75.42/3110.167.75.42 – 10.167.75.4310.167.75.43
15110.167.75.44/3110.167.75.44 – 10.167.75.4510.167.75.45
15210.167.75.46/3110.167.75.46 – 10.167.75.4710.167.75.47
15310.167.75.48/3110.167.75.48 – 10.167.75.4910.167.75.49
15410.167.75.50/3110.167.75.50 – 10.167.75.5110.167.75.51
15510.167.75.52/3110.167.75.52 – 10.167.75.5310.167.75.53
15610.167.75.54/3110.167.75.54 – 10.167.75.5510.167.75.55
15710.167.75.56/3110.167.75.56 – 10.167.75.5710.167.75.57
15810.167.75.58/3110.167.75.58 – 10.167.75.5910.167.75.59
15910.167.75.60/3110.167.75.60 – 10.167.75.6110.167.75.61
16010.167.75.62/3110.167.75.62 – 10.167.75.6310.167.75.63
16110.167.75.64/3110.167.75.64 – 10.167.75.6510.167.75.65
16210.167.75.66/3110.167.75.66 – 10.167.75.6710.167.75.67
16310.167.75.68/3110.167.75.68 – 10.167.75.6910.167.75.69
16410.167.75.70/3110.167.75.70 – 10.167.75.7110.167.75.71
16510.167.75.72/3110.167.75.72 – 10.167.75.7310.167.75.73
16610.167.75.74/3110.167.75.74 – 10.167.75.7510.167.75.75
16710.167.75.76/3110.167.75.76 – 10.167.75.7710.167.75.77
16810.167.75.78/3110.167.75.78 – 10.167.75.7910.167.75.79
16910.167.75.80/3110.167.75.80 – 10.167.75.8110.167.75.81
17010.167.75.82/3110.167.75.82 – 10.167.75.8310.167.75.83
17110.167.75.84/3110.167.75.84 – 10.167.75.8510.167.75.85
17210.167.75.86/3110.167.75.86 – 10.167.75.8710.167.75.87
17310.167.75.88/3110.167.75.88 – 10.167.75.8910.167.75.89
17410.167.75.90/3110.167.75.90 – 10.167.75.9110.167.75.91
17510.167.75.92/3110.167.75.92 – 10.167.75.9310.167.75.93
17610.167.75.94/3110.167.75.94 – 10.167.75.9510.167.75.95
17710.167.75.96/3110.167.75.96 – 10.167.75.9710.167.75.97
17810.167.75.98/3110.167.75.98 – 10.167.75.9910.167.75.99
17910.167.75.100/3110.167.75.100 – 10.167.75.10110.167.75.101
18010.167.75.102/3110.167.75.102 – 10.167.75.10310.167.75.103
18110.167.75.104/3110.167.75.104 – 10.167.75.10510.167.75.105
18210.167.75.106/3110.167.75.106 – 10.167.75.10710.167.75.107
18310.167.75.108/3110.167.75.108 – 10.167.75.10910.167.75.109
18410.167.75.110/3110.167.75.110 – 10.167.75.11110.167.75.111
18510.167.75.112/3110.167.75.112 – 10.167.75.11310.167.75.113
18610.167.75.114/3110.167.75.114 – 10.167.75.11510.167.75.115
18710.167.75.116/3110.167.75.116 – 10.167.75.11710.167.75.117
18810.167.75.118/3110.167.75.118 – 10.167.75.11910.167.75.119
18910.167.75.120/3110.167.75.120 – 10.167.75.12110.167.75.121
19010.167.75.122/3110.167.75.122 – 10.167.75.12310.167.75.123
19110.167.75.124/3110.167.75.124 – 10.167.75.12510.167.75.125
19210.167.75.126/3110.167.75.126 – 10.167.75.12710.167.75.127
19310.167.75.128/3110.167.75.128 – 10.167.75.12910.167.75.129
19410.167.75.130/3110.167.75.130 – 10.167.75.13110.167.75.131
19510.167.75.132/3110.167.75.132 – 10.167.75.13310.167.75.133
19610.167.75.134/3110.167.75.134 – 10.167.75.13510.167.75.135
19710.167.75.136/3110.167.75.136 – 10.167.75.13710.167.75.137
19810.167.75.138/3110.167.75.138 – 10.167.75.13910.167.75.139
19910.167.75.140/3110.167.75.140 – 10.167.75.14110.167.75.141
20010.167.75.142/3110.167.75.142 – 10.167.75.14310.167.75.143
20110.167.75.144/3110.167.75.144 – 10.167.75.14510.167.75.145
20210.167.75.146/3110.167.75.146 – 10.167.75.14710.167.75.147
20310.167.75.148/3110.167.75.148 – 10.167.75.14910.167.75.149
20410.167.75.150/3110.167.75.150 – 10.167.75.15110.167.75.151
20510.167.75.152/3110.167.75.152 – 10.167.75.15310.167.75.153
20610.167.75.154/3110.167.75.154 – 10.167.75.15510.167.75.155
20710.167.75.156/3110.167.75.156 – 10.167.75.15710.167.75.157
20810.167.75.158/3110.167.75.158 – 10.167.75.15910.167.75.159
20910.167.75.160/3110.167.75.160 – 10.167.75.16110.167.75.161
21010.167.75.162/3110.167.75.162 – 10.167.75.16310.167.75.163
21110.167.75.164/3110.167.75.164 – 10.167.75.16510.167.75.165
21210.167.75.166/3110.167.75.166 – 10.167.75.16710.167.75.167
21310.167.75.168/3110.167.75.168 – 10.167.75.16910.167.75.169
21410.167.75.170/3110.167.75.170 – 10.167.75.17110.167.75.171
21510.167.75.172/3110.167.75.172 – 10.167.75.17310.167.75.173
21610.167.75.174/3110.167.75.174 – 10.167.75.17510.167.75.175
21710.167.75.176/3110.167.75.176 – 10.167.75.17710.167.75.177
21810.167.75.178/3110.167.75.178 – 10.167.75.17910.167.75.179
21910.167.75.180/3110.167.75.180 – 10.167.75.18110.167.75.181
22010.167.75.182/3110.167.75.182 – 10.167.75.18310.167.75.183
22110.167.75.184/3110.167.75.184 – 10.167.75.18510.167.75.185
22210.167.75.186/3110.167.75.186 – 10.167.75.18710.167.75.187
22310.167.75.188/3110.167.75.188 – 10.167.75.18910.167.75.189
22410.167.75.190/3110.167.75.190 – 10.167.75.19110.167.75.191
22510.167.75.192/3110.167.75.192 – 10.167.75.19310.167.75.193
22610.167.75.194/3110.167.75.194 – 10.167.75.19510.167.75.195
22710.167.75.196/3110.167.75.196 – 10.167.75.19710.167.75.197
22810.167.75.198/3110.167.75.198 – 10.167.75.19910.167.75.199
22910.167.75.200/3110.167.75.200 – 10.167.75.20110.167.75.201
23010.167.75.202/3110.167.75.202 – 10.167.75.20310.167.75.203
23110.167.75.204/3110.167.75.204 – 10.167.75.20510.167.75.205
23210.167.75.206/3110.167.75.206 – 10.167.75.20710.167.75.207
23310.167.75.208/3110.167.75.208 – 10.167.75.20910.167.75.209
23410.167.75.210/3110.167.75.210 – 10.167.75.21110.167.75.211
23510.167.75.212/3110.167.75.212 – 10.167.75.21310.167.75.213
23610.167.75.214/3110.167.75.214 – 10.167.75.21510.167.75.215
23710.167.75.216/3110.167.75.216 – 10.167.75.21710.167.75.217
23810.167.75.218/3110.167.75.218 – 10.167.75.21910.167.75.219
23910.167.75.220/3110.167.75.220 – 10.167.75.22110.167.75.221
24010.167.75.222/3110.167.75.222 – 10.167.75.22310.167.75.223
24110.167.75.224/3110.167.75.224 – 10.167.75.22510.167.75.225
24210.167.75.226/3110.167.75.226 – 10.167.75.22710.167.75.227
24310.167.75.228/3110.167.75.228 – 10.167.75.22910.167.75.229
24410.167.75.230/3110.167.75.230 – 10.167.75.23110.167.75.231
24510.167.75.232/3110.167.75.232 – 10.167.75.23310.167.75.233
24610.167.75.234/3110.167.75.234 – 10.167.75.23510.167.75.235
24710.167.75.236/3110.167.75.236 – 10.167.75.23710.167.75.237
24810.167.75.238/3110.167.75.238 – 10.167.75.23910.167.75.239
24910.167.75.240/3110.167.75.240 – 10.167.75.24110.167.75.241
25010.167.75.242/3110.167.75.242 – 10.167.75.24310.167.75.243
25110.167.75.244/3110.167.75.244 – 10.167.75.24510.167.75.245
25210.167.75.246/3110.167.75.246 – 10.167.75.24710.167.75.247
25310.167.75.248/3110.167.75.248 – 10.167.75.24910.167.75.249
25410.167.75.250/3110.167.75.250 – 10.167.75.25110.167.75.251
25510.167.75.252/3110.167.75.252 – 10.167.75.25310.167.75.253
25610.167.75.254/3110.167.75.254 – 10.167.75.25510.167.75.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →