ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.46.0/23
network10.167.46.0/23
broadcast10.167.47.255
first host10.167.46.1
last host10.167.47.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.46.0/23
address00001010.10100111.00101110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.00101110.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.00101111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa72e00
decimal178728448
reverse dns0.46.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:2e00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.46.0/3110.167.46.0 – 10.167.46.110.167.46.1
210.167.46.2/3110.167.46.2 – 10.167.46.310.167.46.3
310.167.46.4/3110.167.46.4 – 10.167.46.510.167.46.5
410.167.46.6/3110.167.46.6 – 10.167.46.710.167.46.7
510.167.46.8/3110.167.46.8 – 10.167.46.910.167.46.9
610.167.46.10/3110.167.46.10 – 10.167.46.1110.167.46.11
710.167.46.12/3110.167.46.12 – 10.167.46.1310.167.46.13
810.167.46.14/3110.167.46.14 – 10.167.46.1510.167.46.15
910.167.46.16/3110.167.46.16 – 10.167.46.1710.167.46.17
1010.167.46.18/3110.167.46.18 – 10.167.46.1910.167.46.19
1110.167.46.20/3110.167.46.20 – 10.167.46.2110.167.46.21
1210.167.46.22/3110.167.46.22 – 10.167.46.2310.167.46.23
1310.167.46.24/3110.167.46.24 – 10.167.46.2510.167.46.25
1410.167.46.26/3110.167.46.26 – 10.167.46.2710.167.46.27
1510.167.46.28/3110.167.46.28 – 10.167.46.2910.167.46.29
1610.167.46.30/3110.167.46.30 – 10.167.46.3110.167.46.31
1710.167.46.32/3110.167.46.32 – 10.167.46.3310.167.46.33
1810.167.46.34/3110.167.46.34 – 10.167.46.3510.167.46.35
1910.167.46.36/3110.167.46.36 – 10.167.46.3710.167.46.37
2010.167.46.38/3110.167.46.38 – 10.167.46.3910.167.46.39
2110.167.46.40/3110.167.46.40 – 10.167.46.4110.167.46.41
2210.167.46.42/3110.167.46.42 – 10.167.46.4310.167.46.43
2310.167.46.44/3110.167.46.44 – 10.167.46.4510.167.46.45
2410.167.46.46/3110.167.46.46 – 10.167.46.4710.167.46.47
2510.167.46.48/3110.167.46.48 – 10.167.46.4910.167.46.49
2610.167.46.50/3110.167.46.50 – 10.167.46.5110.167.46.51
2710.167.46.52/3110.167.46.52 – 10.167.46.5310.167.46.53
2810.167.46.54/3110.167.46.54 – 10.167.46.5510.167.46.55
2910.167.46.56/3110.167.46.56 – 10.167.46.5710.167.46.57
3010.167.46.58/3110.167.46.58 – 10.167.46.5910.167.46.59
3110.167.46.60/3110.167.46.60 – 10.167.46.6110.167.46.61
3210.167.46.62/3110.167.46.62 – 10.167.46.6310.167.46.63
3310.167.46.64/3110.167.46.64 – 10.167.46.6510.167.46.65
3410.167.46.66/3110.167.46.66 – 10.167.46.6710.167.46.67
3510.167.46.68/3110.167.46.68 – 10.167.46.6910.167.46.69
3610.167.46.70/3110.167.46.70 – 10.167.46.7110.167.46.71
3710.167.46.72/3110.167.46.72 – 10.167.46.7310.167.46.73
3810.167.46.74/3110.167.46.74 – 10.167.46.7510.167.46.75
3910.167.46.76/3110.167.46.76 – 10.167.46.7710.167.46.77
4010.167.46.78/3110.167.46.78 – 10.167.46.7910.167.46.79
4110.167.46.80/3110.167.46.80 – 10.167.46.8110.167.46.81
4210.167.46.82/3110.167.46.82 – 10.167.46.8310.167.46.83
4310.167.46.84/3110.167.46.84 – 10.167.46.8510.167.46.85
4410.167.46.86/3110.167.46.86 – 10.167.46.8710.167.46.87
4510.167.46.88/3110.167.46.88 – 10.167.46.8910.167.46.89
4610.167.46.90/3110.167.46.90 – 10.167.46.9110.167.46.91
4710.167.46.92/3110.167.46.92 – 10.167.46.9310.167.46.93
4810.167.46.94/3110.167.46.94 – 10.167.46.9510.167.46.95
4910.167.46.96/3110.167.46.96 – 10.167.46.9710.167.46.97
5010.167.46.98/3110.167.46.98 – 10.167.46.9910.167.46.99
5110.167.46.100/3110.167.46.100 – 10.167.46.10110.167.46.101
5210.167.46.102/3110.167.46.102 – 10.167.46.10310.167.46.103
5310.167.46.104/3110.167.46.104 – 10.167.46.10510.167.46.105
5410.167.46.106/3110.167.46.106 – 10.167.46.10710.167.46.107
5510.167.46.108/3110.167.46.108 – 10.167.46.10910.167.46.109
5610.167.46.110/3110.167.46.110 – 10.167.46.11110.167.46.111
5710.167.46.112/3110.167.46.112 – 10.167.46.11310.167.46.113
5810.167.46.114/3110.167.46.114 – 10.167.46.11510.167.46.115
5910.167.46.116/3110.167.46.116 – 10.167.46.11710.167.46.117
6010.167.46.118/3110.167.46.118 – 10.167.46.11910.167.46.119
6110.167.46.120/3110.167.46.120 – 10.167.46.12110.167.46.121
6210.167.46.122/3110.167.46.122 – 10.167.46.12310.167.46.123
6310.167.46.124/3110.167.46.124 – 10.167.46.12510.167.46.125
6410.167.46.126/3110.167.46.126 – 10.167.46.12710.167.46.127
6510.167.46.128/3110.167.46.128 – 10.167.46.12910.167.46.129
6610.167.46.130/3110.167.46.130 – 10.167.46.13110.167.46.131
6710.167.46.132/3110.167.46.132 – 10.167.46.13310.167.46.133
6810.167.46.134/3110.167.46.134 – 10.167.46.13510.167.46.135
6910.167.46.136/3110.167.46.136 – 10.167.46.13710.167.46.137
7010.167.46.138/3110.167.46.138 – 10.167.46.13910.167.46.139
7110.167.46.140/3110.167.46.140 – 10.167.46.14110.167.46.141
7210.167.46.142/3110.167.46.142 – 10.167.46.14310.167.46.143
7310.167.46.144/3110.167.46.144 – 10.167.46.14510.167.46.145
7410.167.46.146/3110.167.46.146 – 10.167.46.14710.167.46.147
7510.167.46.148/3110.167.46.148 – 10.167.46.14910.167.46.149
7610.167.46.150/3110.167.46.150 – 10.167.46.15110.167.46.151
7710.167.46.152/3110.167.46.152 – 10.167.46.15310.167.46.153
7810.167.46.154/3110.167.46.154 – 10.167.46.15510.167.46.155
7910.167.46.156/3110.167.46.156 – 10.167.46.15710.167.46.157
8010.167.46.158/3110.167.46.158 – 10.167.46.15910.167.46.159
8110.167.46.160/3110.167.46.160 – 10.167.46.16110.167.46.161
8210.167.46.162/3110.167.46.162 – 10.167.46.16310.167.46.163
8310.167.46.164/3110.167.46.164 – 10.167.46.16510.167.46.165
8410.167.46.166/3110.167.46.166 – 10.167.46.16710.167.46.167
8510.167.46.168/3110.167.46.168 – 10.167.46.16910.167.46.169
8610.167.46.170/3110.167.46.170 – 10.167.46.17110.167.46.171
8710.167.46.172/3110.167.46.172 – 10.167.46.17310.167.46.173
8810.167.46.174/3110.167.46.174 – 10.167.46.17510.167.46.175
8910.167.46.176/3110.167.46.176 – 10.167.46.17710.167.46.177
9010.167.46.178/3110.167.46.178 – 10.167.46.17910.167.46.179
9110.167.46.180/3110.167.46.180 – 10.167.46.18110.167.46.181
9210.167.46.182/3110.167.46.182 – 10.167.46.18310.167.46.183
9310.167.46.184/3110.167.46.184 – 10.167.46.18510.167.46.185
9410.167.46.186/3110.167.46.186 – 10.167.46.18710.167.46.187
9510.167.46.188/3110.167.46.188 – 10.167.46.18910.167.46.189
9610.167.46.190/3110.167.46.190 – 10.167.46.19110.167.46.191
9710.167.46.192/3110.167.46.192 – 10.167.46.19310.167.46.193
9810.167.46.194/3110.167.46.194 – 10.167.46.19510.167.46.195
9910.167.46.196/3110.167.46.196 – 10.167.46.19710.167.46.197
10010.167.46.198/3110.167.46.198 – 10.167.46.19910.167.46.199
10110.167.46.200/3110.167.46.200 – 10.167.46.20110.167.46.201
10210.167.46.202/3110.167.46.202 – 10.167.46.20310.167.46.203
10310.167.46.204/3110.167.46.204 – 10.167.46.20510.167.46.205
10410.167.46.206/3110.167.46.206 – 10.167.46.20710.167.46.207
10510.167.46.208/3110.167.46.208 – 10.167.46.20910.167.46.209
10610.167.46.210/3110.167.46.210 – 10.167.46.21110.167.46.211
10710.167.46.212/3110.167.46.212 – 10.167.46.21310.167.46.213
10810.167.46.214/3110.167.46.214 – 10.167.46.21510.167.46.215
10910.167.46.216/3110.167.46.216 – 10.167.46.21710.167.46.217
11010.167.46.218/3110.167.46.218 – 10.167.46.21910.167.46.219
11110.167.46.220/3110.167.46.220 – 10.167.46.22110.167.46.221
11210.167.46.222/3110.167.46.222 – 10.167.46.22310.167.46.223
11310.167.46.224/3110.167.46.224 – 10.167.46.22510.167.46.225
11410.167.46.226/3110.167.46.226 – 10.167.46.22710.167.46.227
11510.167.46.228/3110.167.46.228 – 10.167.46.22910.167.46.229
11610.167.46.230/3110.167.46.230 – 10.167.46.23110.167.46.231
11710.167.46.232/3110.167.46.232 – 10.167.46.23310.167.46.233
11810.167.46.234/3110.167.46.234 – 10.167.46.23510.167.46.235
11910.167.46.236/3110.167.46.236 – 10.167.46.23710.167.46.237
12010.167.46.238/3110.167.46.238 – 10.167.46.23910.167.46.239
12110.167.46.240/3110.167.46.240 – 10.167.46.24110.167.46.241
12210.167.46.242/3110.167.46.242 – 10.167.46.24310.167.46.243
12310.167.46.244/3110.167.46.244 – 10.167.46.24510.167.46.245
12410.167.46.246/3110.167.46.246 – 10.167.46.24710.167.46.247
12510.167.46.248/3110.167.46.248 – 10.167.46.24910.167.46.249
12610.167.46.250/3110.167.46.250 – 10.167.46.25110.167.46.251
12710.167.46.252/3110.167.46.252 – 10.167.46.25310.167.46.253
12810.167.46.254/3110.167.46.254 – 10.167.46.25510.167.46.255
12910.167.47.0/3110.167.47.0 – 10.167.47.110.167.47.1
13010.167.47.2/3110.167.47.2 – 10.167.47.310.167.47.3
13110.167.47.4/3110.167.47.4 – 10.167.47.510.167.47.5
13210.167.47.6/3110.167.47.6 – 10.167.47.710.167.47.7
13310.167.47.8/3110.167.47.8 – 10.167.47.910.167.47.9
13410.167.47.10/3110.167.47.10 – 10.167.47.1110.167.47.11
13510.167.47.12/3110.167.47.12 – 10.167.47.1310.167.47.13
13610.167.47.14/3110.167.47.14 – 10.167.47.1510.167.47.15
13710.167.47.16/3110.167.47.16 – 10.167.47.1710.167.47.17
13810.167.47.18/3110.167.47.18 – 10.167.47.1910.167.47.19
13910.167.47.20/3110.167.47.20 – 10.167.47.2110.167.47.21
14010.167.47.22/3110.167.47.22 – 10.167.47.2310.167.47.23
14110.167.47.24/3110.167.47.24 – 10.167.47.2510.167.47.25
14210.167.47.26/3110.167.47.26 – 10.167.47.2710.167.47.27
14310.167.47.28/3110.167.47.28 – 10.167.47.2910.167.47.29
14410.167.47.30/3110.167.47.30 – 10.167.47.3110.167.47.31
14510.167.47.32/3110.167.47.32 – 10.167.47.3310.167.47.33
14610.167.47.34/3110.167.47.34 – 10.167.47.3510.167.47.35
14710.167.47.36/3110.167.47.36 – 10.167.47.3710.167.47.37
14810.167.47.38/3110.167.47.38 – 10.167.47.3910.167.47.39
14910.167.47.40/3110.167.47.40 – 10.167.47.4110.167.47.41
15010.167.47.42/3110.167.47.42 – 10.167.47.4310.167.47.43
15110.167.47.44/3110.167.47.44 – 10.167.47.4510.167.47.45
15210.167.47.46/3110.167.47.46 – 10.167.47.4710.167.47.47
15310.167.47.48/3110.167.47.48 – 10.167.47.4910.167.47.49
15410.167.47.50/3110.167.47.50 – 10.167.47.5110.167.47.51
15510.167.47.52/3110.167.47.52 – 10.167.47.5310.167.47.53
15610.167.47.54/3110.167.47.54 – 10.167.47.5510.167.47.55
15710.167.47.56/3110.167.47.56 – 10.167.47.5710.167.47.57
15810.167.47.58/3110.167.47.58 – 10.167.47.5910.167.47.59
15910.167.47.60/3110.167.47.60 – 10.167.47.6110.167.47.61
16010.167.47.62/3110.167.47.62 – 10.167.47.6310.167.47.63
16110.167.47.64/3110.167.47.64 – 10.167.47.6510.167.47.65
16210.167.47.66/3110.167.47.66 – 10.167.47.6710.167.47.67
16310.167.47.68/3110.167.47.68 – 10.167.47.6910.167.47.69
16410.167.47.70/3110.167.47.70 – 10.167.47.7110.167.47.71
16510.167.47.72/3110.167.47.72 – 10.167.47.7310.167.47.73
16610.167.47.74/3110.167.47.74 – 10.167.47.7510.167.47.75
16710.167.47.76/3110.167.47.76 – 10.167.47.7710.167.47.77
16810.167.47.78/3110.167.47.78 – 10.167.47.7910.167.47.79
16910.167.47.80/3110.167.47.80 – 10.167.47.8110.167.47.81
17010.167.47.82/3110.167.47.82 – 10.167.47.8310.167.47.83
17110.167.47.84/3110.167.47.84 – 10.167.47.8510.167.47.85
17210.167.47.86/3110.167.47.86 – 10.167.47.8710.167.47.87
17310.167.47.88/3110.167.47.88 – 10.167.47.8910.167.47.89
17410.167.47.90/3110.167.47.90 – 10.167.47.9110.167.47.91
17510.167.47.92/3110.167.47.92 – 10.167.47.9310.167.47.93
17610.167.47.94/3110.167.47.94 – 10.167.47.9510.167.47.95
17710.167.47.96/3110.167.47.96 – 10.167.47.9710.167.47.97
17810.167.47.98/3110.167.47.98 – 10.167.47.9910.167.47.99
17910.167.47.100/3110.167.47.100 – 10.167.47.10110.167.47.101
18010.167.47.102/3110.167.47.102 – 10.167.47.10310.167.47.103
18110.167.47.104/3110.167.47.104 – 10.167.47.10510.167.47.105
18210.167.47.106/3110.167.47.106 – 10.167.47.10710.167.47.107
18310.167.47.108/3110.167.47.108 – 10.167.47.10910.167.47.109
18410.167.47.110/3110.167.47.110 – 10.167.47.11110.167.47.111
18510.167.47.112/3110.167.47.112 – 10.167.47.11310.167.47.113
18610.167.47.114/3110.167.47.114 – 10.167.47.11510.167.47.115
18710.167.47.116/3110.167.47.116 – 10.167.47.11710.167.47.117
18810.167.47.118/3110.167.47.118 – 10.167.47.11910.167.47.119
18910.167.47.120/3110.167.47.120 – 10.167.47.12110.167.47.121
19010.167.47.122/3110.167.47.122 – 10.167.47.12310.167.47.123
19110.167.47.124/3110.167.47.124 – 10.167.47.12510.167.47.125
19210.167.47.126/3110.167.47.126 – 10.167.47.12710.167.47.127
19310.167.47.128/3110.167.47.128 – 10.167.47.12910.167.47.129
19410.167.47.130/3110.167.47.130 – 10.167.47.13110.167.47.131
19510.167.47.132/3110.167.47.132 – 10.167.47.13310.167.47.133
19610.167.47.134/3110.167.47.134 – 10.167.47.13510.167.47.135
19710.167.47.136/3110.167.47.136 – 10.167.47.13710.167.47.137
19810.167.47.138/3110.167.47.138 – 10.167.47.13910.167.47.139
19910.167.47.140/3110.167.47.140 – 10.167.47.14110.167.47.141
20010.167.47.142/3110.167.47.142 – 10.167.47.14310.167.47.143
20110.167.47.144/3110.167.47.144 – 10.167.47.14510.167.47.145
20210.167.47.146/3110.167.47.146 – 10.167.47.14710.167.47.147
20310.167.47.148/3110.167.47.148 – 10.167.47.14910.167.47.149
20410.167.47.150/3110.167.47.150 – 10.167.47.15110.167.47.151
20510.167.47.152/3110.167.47.152 – 10.167.47.15310.167.47.153
20610.167.47.154/3110.167.47.154 – 10.167.47.15510.167.47.155
20710.167.47.156/3110.167.47.156 – 10.167.47.15710.167.47.157
20810.167.47.158/3110.167.47.158 – 10.167.47.15910.167.47.159
20910.167.47.160/3110.167.47.160 – 10.167.47.16110.167.47.161
21010.167.47.162/3110.167.47.162 – 10.167.47.16310.167.47.163
21110.167.47.164/3110.167.47.164 – 10.167.47.16510.167.47.165
21210.167.47.166/3110.167.47.166 – 10.167.47.16710.167.47.167
21310.167.47.168/3110.167.47.168 – 10.167.47.16910.167.47.169
21410.167.47.170/3110.167.47.170 – 10.167.47.17110.167.47.171
21510.167.47.172/3110.167.47.172 – 10.167.47.17310.167.47.173
21610.167.47.174/3110.167.47.174 – 10.167.47.17510.167.47.175
21710.167.47.176/3110.167.47.176 – 10.167.47.17710.167.47.177
21810.167.47.178/3110.167.47.178 – 10.167.47.17910.167.47.179
21910.167.47.180/3110.167.47.180 – 10.167.47.18110.167.47.181
22010.167.47.182/3110.167.47.182 – 10.167.47.18310.167.47.183
22110.167.47.184/3110.167.47.184 – 10.167.47.18510.167.47.185
22210.167.47.186/3110.167.47.186 – 10.167.47.18710.167.47.187
22310.167.47.188/3110.167.47.188 – 10.167.47.18910.167.47.189
22410.167.47.190/3110.167.47.190 – 10.167.47.19110.167.47.191
22510.167.47.192/3110.167.47.192 – 10.167.47.19310.167.47.193
22610.167.47.194/3110.167.47.194 – 10.167.47.19510.167.47.195
22710.167.47.196/3110.167.47.196 – 10.167.47.19710.167.47.197
22810.167.47.198/3110.167.47.198 – 10.167.47.19910.167.47.199
22910.167.47.200/3110.167.47.200 – 10.167.47.20110.167.47.201
23010.167.47.202/3110.167.47.202 – 10.167.47.20310.167.47.203
23110.167.47.204/3110.167.47.204 – 10.167.47.20510.167.47.205
23210.167.47.206/3110.167.47.206 – 10.167.47.20710.167.47.207
23310.167.47.208/3110.167.47.208 – 10.167.47.20910.167.47.209
23410.167.47.210/3110.167.47.210 – 10.167.47.21110.167.47.211
23510.167.47.212/3110.167.47.212 – 10.167.47.21310.167.47.213
23610.167.47.214/3110.167.47.214 – 10.167.47.21510.167.47.215
23710.167.47.216/3110.167.47.216 – 10.167.47.21710.167.47.217
23810.167.47.218/3110.167.47.218 – 10.167.47.21910.167.47.219
23910.167.47.220/3110.167.47.220 – 10.167.47.22110.167.47.221
24010.167.47.222/3110.167.47.222 – 10.167.47.22310.167.47.223
24110.167.47.224/3110.167.47.224 – 10.167.47.22510.167.47.225
24210.167.47.226/3110.167.47.226 – 10.167.47.22710.167.47.227
24310.167.47.228/3110.167.47.228 – 10.167.47.22910.167.47.229
24410.167.47.230/3110.167.47.230 – 10.167.47.23110.167.47.231
24510.167.47.232/3110.167.47.232 – 10.167.47.23310.167.47.233
24610.167.47.234/3110.167.47.234 – 10.167.47.23510.167.47.235
24710.167.47.236/3110.167.47.236 – 10.167.47.23710.167.47.237
24810.167.47.238/3110.167.47.238 – 10.167.47.23910.167.47.239
24910.167.47.240/3110.167.47.240 – 10.167.47.24110.167.47.241
25010.167.47.242/3110.167.47.242 – 10.167.47.24310.167.47.243
25110.167.47.244/3110.167.47.244 – 10.167.47.24510.167.47.245
25210.167.47.246/3110.167.47.246 – 10.167.47.24710.167.47.247
25310.167.47.248/3110.167.47.248 – 10.167.47.24910.167.47.249
25410.167.47.250/3110.167.47.250 – 10.167.47.25110.167.47.251
25510.167.47.252/3110.167.47.252 – 10.167.47.25310.167.47.253
25610.167.47.254/3110.167.47.254 – 10.167.47.25510.167.47.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →