ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.31.0/24
network10.167.31.0/24
broadcast10.167.31.255
first host10.167.31.1
last host10.167.31.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.167.31.0/24
address00001010.10100111.00011111.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.10100111.00011111.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.00011111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa71f00
decimal178724608
reverse dns0.31.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:1f00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.31.0/3210.167.31.0 – 10.167.31.010.167.31.0
210.167.31.1/3210.167.31.1 – 10.167.31.110.167.31.1
310.167.31.2/3210.167.31.2 – 10.167.31.210.167.31.2
410.167.31.3/3210.167.31.3 – 10.167.31.310.167.31.3
510.167.31.4/3210.167.31.4 – 10.167.31.410.167.31.4
610.167.31.5/3210.167.31.5 – 10.167.31.510.167.31.5
710.167.31.6/3210.167.31.6 – 10.167.31.610.167.31.6
810.167.31.7/3210.167.31.7 – 10.167.31.710.167.31.7
910.167.31.8/3210.167.31.8 – 10.167.31.810.167.31.8
1010.167.31.9/3210.167.31.9 – 10.167.31.910.167.31.9
1110.167.31.10/3210.167.31.10 – 10.167.31.1010.167.31.10
1210.167.31.11/3210.167.31.11 – 10.167.31.1110.167.31.11
1310.167.31.12/3210.167.31.12 – 10.167.31.1210.167.31.12
1410.167.31.13/3210.167.31.13 – 10.167.31.1310.167.31.13
1510.167.31.14/3210.167.31.14 – 10.167.31.1410.167.31.14
1610.167.31.15/3210.167.31.15 – 10.167.31.1510.167.31.15
1710.167.31.16/3210.167.31.16 – 10.167.31.1610.167.31.16
1810.167.31.17/3210.167.31.17 – 10.167.31.1710.167.31.17
1910.167.31.18/3210.167.31.18 – 10.167.31.1810.167.31.18
2010.167.31.19/3210.167.31.19 – 10.167.31.1910.167.31.19
2110.167.31.20/3210.167.31.20 – 10.167.31.2010.167.31.20
2210.167.31.21/3210.167.31.21 – 10.167.31.2110.167.31.21
2310.167.31.22/3210.167.31.22 – 10.167.31.2210.167.31.22
2410.167.31.23/3210.167.31.23 – 10.167.31.2310.167.31.23
2510.167.31.24/3210.167.31.24 – 10.167.31.2410.167.31.24
2610.167.31.25/3210.167.31.25 – 10.167.31.2510.167.31.25
2710.167.31.26/3210.167.31.26 – 10.167.31.2610.167.31.26
2810.167.31.27/3210.167.31.27 – 10.167.31.2710.167.31.27
2910.167.31.28/3210.167.31.28 – 10.167.31.2810.167.31.28
3010.167.31.29/3210.167.31.29 – 10.167.31.2910.167.31.29
3110.167.31.30/3210.167.31.30 – 10.167.31.3010.167.31.30
3210.167.31.31/3210.167.31.31 – 10.167.31.3110.167.31.31
3310.167.31.32/3210.167.31.32 – 10.167.31.3210.167.31.32
3410.167.31.33/3210.167.31.33 – 10.167.31.3310.167.31.33
3510.167.31.34/3210.167.31.34 – 10.167.31.3410.167.31.34
3610.167.31.35/3210.167.31.35 – 10.167.31.3510.167.31.35
3710.167.31.36/3210.167.31.36 – 10.167.31.3610.167.31.36
3810.167.31.37/3210.167.31.37 – 10.167.31.3710.167.31.37
3910.167.31.38/3210.167.31.38 – 10.167.31.3810.167.31.38
4010.167.31.39/3210.167.31.39 – 10.167.31.3910.167.31.39
4110.167.31.40/3210.167.31.40 – 10.167.31.4010.167.31.40
4210.167.31.41/3210.167.31.41 – 10.167.31.4110.167.31.41
4310.167.31.42/3210.167.31.42 – 10.167.31.4210.167.31.42
4410.167.31.43/3210.167.31.43 – 10.167.31.4310.167.31.43
4510.167.31.44/3210.167.31.44 – 10.167.31.4410.167.31.44
4610.167.31.45/3210.167.31.45 – 10.167.31.4510.167.31.45
4710.167.31.46/3210.167.31.46 – 10.167.31.4610.167.31.46
4810.167.31.47/3210.167.31.47 – 10.167.31.4710.167.31.47
4910.167.31.48/3210.167.31.48 – 10.167.31.4810.167.31.48
5010.167.31.49/3210.167.31.49 – 10.167.31.4910.167.31.49
5110.167.31.50/3210.167.31.50 – 10.167.31.5010.167.31.50
5210.167.31.51/3210.167.31.51 – 10.167.31.5110.167.31.51
5310.167.31.52/3210.167.31.52 – 10.167.31.5210.167.31.52
5410.167.31.53/3210.167.31.53 – 10.167.31.5310.167.31.53
5510.167.31.54/3210.167.31.54 – 10.167.31.5410.167.31.54
5610.167.31.55/3210.167.31.55 – 10.167.31.5510.167.31.55
5710.167.31.56/3210.167.31.56 – 10.167.31.5610.167.31.56
5810.167.31.57/3210.167.31.57 – 10.167.31.5710.167.31.57
5910.167.31.58/3210.167.31.58 – 10.167.31.5810.167.31.58
6010.167.31.59/3210.167.31.59 – 10.167.31.5910.167.31.59
6110.167.31.60/3210.167.31.60 – 10.167.31.6010.167.31.60
6210.167.31.61/3210.167.31.61 – 10.167.31.6110.167.31.61
6310.167.31.62/3210.167.31.62 – 10.167.31.6210.167.31.62
6410.167.31.63/3210.167.31.63 – 10.167.31.6310.167.31.63
6510.167.31.64/3210.167.31.64 – 10.167.31.6410.167.31.64
6610.167.31.65/3210.167.31.65 – 10.167.31.6510.167.31.65
6710.167.31.66/3210.167.31.66 – 10.167.31.6610.167.31.66
6810.167.31.67/3210.167.31.67 – 10.167.31.6710.167.31.67
6910.167.31.68/3210.167.31.68 – 10.167.31.6810.167.31.68
7010.167.31.69/3210.167.31.69 – 10.167.31.6910.167.31.69
7110.167.31.70/3210.167.31.70 – 10.167.31.7010.167.31.70
7210.167.31.71/3210.167.31.71 – 10.167.31.7110.167.31.71
7310.167.31.72/3210.167.31.72 – 10.167.31.7210.167.31.72
7410.167.31.73/3210.167.31.73 – 10.167.31.7310.167.31.73
7510.167.31.74/3210.167.31.74 – 10.167.31.7410.167.31.74
7610.167.31.75/3210.167.31.75 – 10.167.31.7510.167.31.75
7710.167.31.76/3210.167.31.76 – 10.167.31.7610.167.31.76
7810.167.31.77/3210.167.31.77 – 10.167.31.7710.167.31.77
7910.167.31.78/3210.167.31.78 – 10.167.31.7810.167.31.78
8010.167.31.79/3210.167.31.79 – 10.167.31.7910.167.31.79
8110.167.31.80/3210.167.31.80 – 10.167.31.8010.167.31.80
8210.167.31.81/3210.167.31.81 – 10.167.31.8110.167.31.81
8310.167.31.82/3210.167.31.82 – 10.167.31.8210.167.31.82
8410.167.31.83/3210.167.31.83 – 10.167.31.8310.167.31.83
8510.167.31.84/3210.167.31.84 – 10.167.31.8410.167.31.84
8610.167.31.85/3210.167.31.85 – 10.167.31.8510.167.31.85
8710.167.31.86/3210.167.31.86 – 10.167.31.8610.167.31.86
8810.167.31.87/3210.167.31.87 – 10.167.31.8710.167.31.87
8910.167.31.88/3210.167.31.88 – 10.167.31.8810.167.31.88
9010.167.31.89/3210.167.31.89 – 10.167.31.8910.167.31.89
9110.167.31.90/3210.167.31.90 – 10.167.31.9010.167.31.90
9210.167.31.91/3210.167.31.91 – 10.167.31.9110.167.31.91
9310.167.31.92/3210.167.31.92 – 10.167.31.9210.167.31.92
9410.167.31.93/3210.167.31.93 – 10.167.31.9310.167.31.93
9510.167.31.94/3210.167.31.94 – 10.167.31.9410.167.31.94
9610.167.31.95/3210.167.31.95 – 10.167.31.9510.167.31.95
9710.167.31.96/3210.167.31.96 – 10.167.31.9610.167.31.96
9810.167.31.97/3210.167.31.97 – 10.167.31.9710.167.31.97
9910.167.31.98/3210.167.31.98 – 10.167.31.9810.167.31.98
10010.167.31.99/3210.167.31.99 – 10.167.31.9910.167.31.99
10110.167.31.100/3210.167.31.100 – 10.167.31.10010.167.31.100
10210.167.31.101/3210.167.31.101 – 10.167.31.10110.167.31.101
10310.167.31.102/3210.167.31.102 – 10.167.31.10210.167.31.102
10410.167.31.103/3210.167.31.103 – 10.167.31.10310.167.31.103
10510.167.31.104/3210.167.31.104 – 10.167.31.10410.167.31.104
10610.167.31.105/3210.167.31.105 – 10.167.31.10510.167.31.105
10710.167.31.106/3210.167.31.106 – 10.167.31.10610.167.31.106
10810.167.31.107/3210.167.31.107 – 10.167.31.10710.167.31.107
10910.167.31.108/3210.167.31.108 – 10.167.31.10810.167.31.108
11010.167.31.109/3210.167.31.109 – 10.167.31.10910.167.31.109
11110.167.31.110/3210.167.31.110 – 10.167.31.11010.167.31.110
11210.167.31.111/3210.167.31.111 – 10.167.31.11110.167.31.111
11310.167.31.112/3210.167.31.112 – 10.167.31.11210.167.31.112
11410.167.31.113/3210.167.31.113 – 10.167.31.11310.167.31.113
11510.167.31.114/3210.167.31.114 – 10.167.31.11410.167.31.114
11610.167.31.115/3210.167.31.115 – 10.167.31.11510.167.31.115
11710.167.31.116/3210.167.31.116 – 10.167.31.11610.167.31.116
11810.167.31.117/3210.167.31.117 – 10.167.31.11710.167.31.117
11910.167.31.118/3210.167.31.118 – 10.167.31.11810.167.31.118
12010.167.31.119/3210.167.31.119 – 10.167.31.11910.167.31.119
12110.167.31.120/3210.167.31.120 – 10.167.31.12010.167.31.120
12210.167.31.121/3210.167.31.121 – 10.167.31.12110.167.31.121
12310.167.31.122/3210.167.31.122 – 10.167.31.12210.167.31.122
12410.167.31.123/3210.167.31.123 – 10.167.31.12310.167.31.123
12510.167.31.124/3210.167.31.124 – 10.167.31.12410.167.31.124
12610.167.31.125/3210.167.31.125 – 10.167.31.12510.167.31.125
12710.167.31.126/3210.167.31.126 – 10.167.31.12610.167.31.126
12810.167.31.127/3210.167.31.127 – 10.167.31.12710.167.31.127
12910.167.31.128/3210.167.31.128 – 10.167.31.12810.167.31.128
13010.167.31.129/3210.167.31.129 – 10.167.31.12910.167.31.129
13110.167.31.130/3210.167.31.130 – 10.167.31.13010.167.31.130
13210.167.31.131/3210.167.31.131 – 10.167.31.13110.167.31.131
13310.167.31.132/3210.167.31.132 – 10.167.31.13210.167.31.132
13410.167.31.133/3210.167.31.133 – 10.167.31.13310.167.31.133
13510.167.31.134/3210.167.31.134 – 10.167.31.13410.167.31.134
13610.167.31.135/3210.167.31.135 – 10.167.31.13510.167.31.135
13710.167.31.136/3210.167.31.136 – 10.167.31.13610.167.31.136
13810.167.31.137/3210.167.31.137 – 10.167.31.13710.167.31.137
13910.167.31.138/3210.167.31.138 – 10.167.31.13810.167.31.138
14010.167.31.139/3210.167.31.139 – 10.167.31.13910.167.31.139
14110.167.31.140/3210.167.31.140 – 10.167.31.14010.167.31.140
14210.167.31.141/3210.167.31.141 – 10.167.31.14110.167.31.141
14310.167.31.142/3210.167.31.142 – 10.167.31.14210.167.31.142
14410.167.31.143/3210.167.31.143 – 10.167.31.14310.167.31.143
14510.167.31.144/3210.167.31.144 – 10.167.31.14410.167.31.144
14610.167.31.145/3210.167.31.145 – 10.167.31.14510.167.31.145
14710.167.31.146/3210.167.31.146 – 10.167.31.14610.167.31.146
14810.167.31.147/3210.167.31.147 – 10.167.31.14710.167.31.147
14910.167.31.148/3210.167.31.148 – 10.167.31.14810.167.31.148
15010.167.31.149/3210.167.31.149 – 10.167.31.14910.167.31.149
15110.167.31.150/3210.167.31.150 – 10.167.31.15010.167.31.150
15210.167.31.151/3210.167.31.151 – 10.167.31.15110.167.31.151
15310.167.31.152/3210.167.31.152 – 10.167.31.15210.167.31.152
15410.167.31.153/3210.167.31.153 – 10.167.31.15310.167.31.153
15510.167.31.154/3210.167.31.154 – 10.167.31.15410.167.31.154
15610.167.31.155/3210.167.31.155 – 10.167.31.15510.167.31.155
15710.167.31.156/3210.167.31.156 – 10.167.31.15610.167.31.156
15810.167.31.157/3210.167.31.157 – 10.167.31.15710.167.31.157
15910.167.31.158/3210.167.31.158 – 10.167.31.15810.167.31.158
16010.167.31.159/3210.167.31.159 – 10.167.31.15910.167.31.159
16110.167.31.160/3210.167.31.160 – 10.167.31.16010.167.31.160
16210.167.31.161/3210.167.31.161 – 10.167.31.16110.167.31.161
16310.167.31.162/3210.167.31.162 – 10.167.31.16210.167.31.162
16410.167.31.163/3210.167.31.163 – 10.167.31.16310.167.31.163
16510.167.31.164/3210.167.31.164 – 10.167.31.16410.167.31.164
16610.167.31.165/3210.167.31.165 – 10.167.31.16510.167.31.165
16710.167.31.166/3210.167.31.166 – 10.167.31.16610.167.31.166
16810.167.31.167/3210.167.31.167 – 10.167.31.16710.167.31.167
16910.167.31.168/3210.167.31.168 – 10.167.31.16810.167.31.168
17010.167.31.169/3210.167.31.169 – 10.167.31.16910.167.31.169
17110.167.31.170/3210.167.31.170 – 10.167.31.17010.167.31.170
17210.167.31.171/3210.167.31.171 – 10.167.31.17110.167.31.171
17310.167.31.172/3210.167.31.172 – 10.167.31.17210.167.31.172
17410.167.31.173/3210.167.31.173 – 10.167.31.17310.167.31.173
17510.167.31.174/3210.167.31.174 – 10.167.31.17410.167.31.174
17610.167.31.175/3210.167.31.175 – 10.167.31.17510.167.31.175
17710.167.31.176/3210.167.31.176 – 10.167.31.17610.167.31.176
17810.167.31.177/3210.167.31.177 – 10.167.31.17710.167.31.177
17910.167.31.178/3210.167.31.178 – 10.167.31.17810.167.31.178
18010.167.31.179/3210.167.31.179 – 10.167.31.17910.167.31.179
18110.167.31.180/3210.167.31.180 – 10.167.31.18010.167.31.180
18210.167.31.181/3210.167.31.181 – 10.167.31.18110.167.31.181
18310.167.31.182/3210.167.31.182 – 10.167.31.18210.167.31.182
18410.167.31.183/3210.167.31.183 – 10.167.31.18310.167.31.183
18510.167.31.184/3210.167.31.184 – 10.167.31.18410.167.31.184
18610.167.31.185/3210.167.31.185 – 10.167.31.18510.167.31.185
18710.167.31.186/3210.167.31.186 – 10.167.31.18610.167.31.186
18810.167.31.187/3210.167.31.187 – 10.167.31.18710.167.31.187
18910.167.31.188/3210.167.31.188 – 10.167.31.18810.167.31.188
19010.167.31.189/3210.167.31.189 – 10.167.31.18910.167.31.189
19110.167.31.190/3210.167.31.190 – 10.167.31.19010.167.31.190
19210.167.31.191/3210.167.31.191 – 10.167.31.19110.167.31.191
19310.167.31.192/3210.167.31.192 – 10.167.31.19210.167.31.192
19410.167.31.193/3210.167.31.193 – 10.167.31.19310.167.31.193
19510.167.31.194/3210.167.31.194 – 10.167.31.19410.167.31.194
19610.167.31.195/3210.167.31.195 – 10.167.31.19510.167.31.195
19710.167.31.196/3210.167.31.196 – 10.167.31.19610.167.31.196
19810.167.31.197/3210.167.31.197 – 10.167.31.19710.167.31.197
19910.167.31.198/3210.167.31.198 – 10.167.31.19810.167.31.198
20010.167.31.199/3210.167.31.199 – 10.167.31.19910.167.31.199
20110.167.31.200/3210.167.31.200 – 10.167.31.20010.167.31.200
20210.167.31.201/3210.167.31.201 – 10.167.31.20110.167.31.201
20310.167.31.202/3210.167.31.202 – 10.167.31.20210.167.31.202
20410.167.31.203/3210.167.31.203 – 10.167.31.20310.167.31.203
20510.167.31.204/3210.167.31.204 – 10.167.31.20410.167.31.204
20610.167.31.205/3210.167.31.205 – 10.167.31.20510.167.31.205
20710.167.31.206/3210.167.31.206 – 10.167.31.20610.167.31.206
20810.167.31.207/3210.167.31.207 – 10.167.31.20710.167.31.207
20910.167.31.208/3210.167.31.208 – 10.167.31.20810.167.31.208
21010.167.31.209/3210.167.31.209 – 10.167.31.20910.167.31.209
21110.167.31.210/3210.167.31.210 – 10.167.31.21010.167.31.210
21210.167.31.211/3210.167.31.211 – 10.167.31.21110.167.31.211
21310.167.31.212/3210.167.31.212 – 10.167.31.21210.167.31.212
21410.167.31.213/3210.167.31.213 – 10.167.31.21310.167.31.213
21510.167.31.214/3210.167.31.214 – 10.167.31.21410.167.31.214
21610.167.31.215/3210.167.31.215 – 10.167.31.21510.167.31.215
21710.167.31.216/3210.167.31.216 – 10.167.31.21610.167.31.216
21810.167.31.217/3210.167.31.217 – 10.167.31.21710.167.31.217
21910.167.31.218/3210.167.31.218 – 10.167.31.21810.167.31.218
22010.167.31.219/3210.167.31.219 – 10.167.31.21910.167.31.219
22110.167.31.220/3210.167.31.220 – 10.167.31.22010.167.31.220
22210.167.31.221/3210.167.31.221 – 10.167.31.22110.167.31.221
22310.167.31.222/3210.167.31.222 – 10.167.31.22210.167.31.222
22410.167.31.223/3210.167.31.223 – 10.167.31.22310.167.31.223
22510.167.31.224/3210.167.31.224 – 10.167.31.22410.167.31.224
22610.167.31.225/3210.167.31.225 – 10.167.31.22510.167.31.225
22710.167.31.226/3210.167.31.226 – 10.167.31.22610.167.31.226
22810.167.31.227/3210.167.31.227 – 10.167.31.22710.167.31.227
22910.167.31.228/3210.167.31.228 – 10.167.31.22810.167.31.228
23010.167.31.229/3210.167.31.229 – 10.167.31.22910.167.31.229
23110.167.31.230/3210.167.31.230 – 10.167.31.23010.167.31.230
23210.167.31.231/3210.167.31.231 – 10.167.31.23110.167.31.231
23310.167.31.232/3210.167.31.232 – 10.167.31.23210.167.31.232
23410.167.31.233/3210.167.31.233 – 10.167.31.23310.167.31.233
23510.167.31.234/3210.167.31.234 – 10.167.31.23410.167.31.234
23610.167.31.235/3210.167.31.235 – 10.167.31.23510.167.31.235
23710.167.31.236/3210.167.31.236 – 10.167.31.23610.167.31.236
23810.167.31.237/3210.167.31.237 – 10.167.31.23710.167.31.237
23910.167.31.238/3210.167.31.238 – 10.167.31.23810.167.31.238
24010.167.31.239/3210.167.31.239 – 10.167.31.23910.167.31.239
24110.167.31.240/3210.167.31.240 – 10.167.31.24010.167.31.240
24210.167.31.241/3210.167.31.241 – 10.167.31.24110.167.31.241
24310.167.31.242/3210.167.31.242 – 10.167.31.24210.167.31.242
24410.167.31.243/3210.167.31.243 – 10.167.31.24310.167.31.243
24510.167.31.244/3210.167.31.244 – 10.167.31.24410.167.31.244
24610.167.31.245/3210.167.31.245 – 10.167.31.24510.167.31.245
24710.167.31.246/3210.167.31.246 – 10.167.31.24610.167.31.246
24810.167.31.247/3210.167.31.247 – 10.167.31.24710.167.31.247
24910.167.31.248/3210.167.31.248 – 10.167.31.24810.167.31.248
25010.167.31.249/3210.167.31.249 – 10.167.31.24910.167.31.249
25110.167.31.250/3210.167.31.250 – 10.167.31.25010.167.31.250
25210.167.31.251/3210.167.31.251 – 10.167.31.25110.167.31.251
25310.167.31.252/3210.167.31.252 – 10.167.31.25210.167.31.252
25410.167.31.253/3210.167.31.253 – 10.167.31.25310.167.31.253
25510.167.31.254/3210.167.31.254 – 10.167.31.25410.167.31.254
25610.167.31.255/3210.167.31.255 – 10.167.31.25510.167.31.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →