ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.255.0/24
network10.167.255.0/24
broadcast10.167.255.255
first host10.167.255.1
last host10.167.255.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.167.255.0/24
address00001010.10100111.11111111.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.10100111.11111111.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.11111111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa7ff00
decimal178781952
reverse dns0.255.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:ff00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.255.0/3210.167.255.0 – 10.167.255.010.167.255.0
210.167.255.1/3210.167.255.1 – 10.167.255.110.167.255.1
310.167.255.2/3210.167.255.2 – 10.167.255.210.167.255.2
410.167.255.3/3210.167.255.3 – 10.167.255.310.167.255.3
510.167.255.4/3210.167.255.4 – 10.167.255.410.167.255.4
610.167.255.5/3210.167.255.5 – 10.167.255.510.167.255.5
710.167.255.6/3210.167.255.6 – 10.167.255.610.167.255.6
810.167.255.7/3210.167.255.7 – 10.167.255.710.167.255.7
910.167.255.8/3210.167.255.8 – 10.167.255.810.167.255.8
1010.167.255.9/3210.167.255.9 – 10.167.255.910.167.255.9
1110.167.255.10/3210.167.255.10 – 10.167.255.1010.167.255.10
1210.167.255.11/3210.167.255.11 – 10.167.255.1110.167.255.11
1310.167.255.12/3210.167.255.12 – 10.167.255.1210.167.255.12
1410.167.255.13/3210.167.255.13 – 10.167.255.1310.167.255.13
1510.167.255.14/3210.167.255.14 – 10.167.255.1410.167.255.14
1610.167.255.15/3210.167.255.15 – 10.167.255.1510.167.255.15
1710.167.255.16/3210.167.255.16 – 10.167.255.1610.167.255.16
1810.167.255.17/3210.167.255.17 – 10.167.255.1710.167.255.17
1910.167.255.18/3210.167.255.18 – 10.167.255.1810.167.255.18
2010.167.255.19/3210.167.255.19 – 10.167.255.1910.167.255.19
2110.167.255.20/3210.167.255.20 – 10.167.255.2010.167.255.20
2210.167.255.21/3210.167.255.21 – 10.167.255.2110.167.255.21
2310.167.255.22/3210.167.255.22 – 10.167.255.2210.167.255.22
2410.167.255.23/3210.167.255.23 – 10.167.255.2310.167.255.23
2510.167.255.24/3210.167.255.24 – 10.167.255.2410.167.255.24
2610.167.255.25/3210.167.255.25 – 10.167.255.2510.167.255.25
2710.167.255.26/3210.167.255.26 – 10.167.255.2610.167.255.26
2810.167.255.27/3210.167.255.27 – 10.167.255.2710.167.255.27
2910.167.255.28/3210.167.255.28 – 10.167.255.2810.167.255.28
3010.167.255.29/3210.167.255.29 – 10.167.255.2910.167.255.29
3110.167.255.30/3210.167.255.30 – 10.167.255.3010.167.255.30
3210.167.255.31/3210.167.255.31 – 10.167.255.3110.167.255.31
3310.167.255.32/3210.167.255.32 – 10.167.255.3210.167.255.32
3410.167.255.33/3210.167.255.33 – 10.167.255.3310.167.255.33
3510.167.255.34/3210.167.255.34 – 10.167.255.3410.167.255.34
3610.167.255.35/3210.167.255.35 – 10.167.255.3510.167.255.35
3710.167.255.36/3210.167.255.36 – 10.167.255.3610.167.255.36
3810.167.255.37/3210.167.255.37 – 10.167.255.3710.167.255.37
3910.167.255.38/3210.167.255.38 – 10.167.255.3810.167.255.38
4010.167.255.39/3210.167.255.39 – 10.167.255.3910.167.255.39
4110.167.255.40/3210.167.255.40 – 10.167.255.4010.167.255.40
4210.167.255.41/3210.167.255.41 – 10.167.255.4110.167.255.41
4310.167.255.42/3210.167.255.42 – 10.167.255.4210.167.255.42
4410.167.255.43/3210.167.255.43 – 10.167.255.4310.167.255.43
4510.167.255.44/3210.167.255.44 – 10.167.255.4410.167.255.44
4610.167.255.45/3210.167.255.45 – 10.167.255.4510.167.255.45
4710.167.255.46/3210.167.255.46 – 10.167.255.4610.167.255.46
4810.167.255.47/3210.167.255.47 – 10.167.255.4710.167.255.47
4910.167.255.48/3210.167.255.48 – 10.167.255.4810.167.255.48
5010.167.255.49/3210.167.255.49 – 10.167.255.4910.167.255.49
5110.167.255.50/3210.167.255.50 – 10.167.255.5010.167.255.50
5210.167.255.51/3210.167.255.51 – 10.167.255.5110.167.255.51
5310.167.255.52/3210.167.255.52 – 10.167.255.5210.167.255.52
5410.167.255.53/3210.167.255.53 – 10.167.255.5310.167.255.53
5510.167.255.54/3210.167.255.54 – 10.167.255.5410.167.255.54
5610.167.255.55/3210.167.255.55 – 10.167.255.5510.167.255.55
5710.167.255.56/3210.167.255.56 – 10.167.255.5610.167.255.56
5810.167.255.57/3210.167.255.57 – 10.167.255.5710.167.255.57
5910.167.255.58/3210.167.255.58 – 10.167.255.5810.167.255.58
6010.167.255.59/3210.167.255.59 – 10.167.255.5910.167.255.59
6110.167.255.60/3210.167.255.60 – 10.167.255.6010.167.255.60
6210.167.255.61/3210.167.255.61 – 10.167.255.6110.167.255.61
6310.167.255.62/3210.167.255.62 – 10.167.255.6210.167.255.62
6410.167.255.63/3210.167.255.63 – 10.167.255.6310.167.255.63
6510.167.255.64/3210.167.255.64 – 10.167.255.6410.167.255.64
6610.167.255.65/3210.167.255.65 – 10.167.255.6510.167.255.65
6710.167.255.66/3210.167.255.66 – 10.167.255.6610.167.255.66
6810.167.255.67/3210.167.255.67 – 10.167.255.6710.167.255.67
6910.167.255.68/3210.167.255.68 – 10.167.255.6810.167.255.68
7010.167.255.69/3210.167.255.69 – 10.167.255.6910.167.255.69
7110.167.255.70/3210.167.255.70 – 10.167.255.7010.167.255.70
7210.167.255.71/3210.167.255.71 – 10.167.255.7110.167.255.71
7310.167.255.72/3210.167.255.72 – 10.167.255.7210.167.255.72
7410.167.255.73/3210.167.255.73 – 10.167.255.7310.167.255.73
7510.167.255.74/3210.167.255.74 – 10.167.255.7410.167.255.74
7610.167.255.75/3210.167.255.75 – 10.167.255.7510.167.255.75
7710.167.255.76/3210.167.255.76 – 10.167.255.7610.167.255.76
7810.167.255.77/3210.167.255.77 – 10.167.255.7710.167.255.77
7910.167.255.78/3210.167.255.78 – 10.167.255.7810.167.255.78
8010.167.255.79/3210.167.255.79 – 10.167.255.7910.167.255.79
8110.167.255.80/3210.167.255.80 – 10.167.255.8010.167.255.80
8210.167.255.81/3210.167.255.81 – 10.167.255.8110.167.255.81
8310.167.255.82/3210.167.255.82 – 10.167.255.8210.167.255.82
8410.167.255.83/3210.167.255.83 – 10.167.255.8310.167.255.83
8510.167.255.84/3210.167.255.84 – 10.167.255.8410.167.255.84
8610.167.255.85/3210.167.255.85 – 10.167.255.8510.167.255.85
8710.167.255.86/3210.167.255.86 – 10.167.255.8610.167.255.86
8810.167.255.87/3210.167.255.87 – 10.167.255.8710.167.255.87
8910.167.255.88/3210.167.255.88 – 10.167.255.8810.167.255.88
9010.167.255.89/3210.167.255.89 – 10.167.255.8910.167.255.89
9110.167.255.90/3210.167.255.90 – 10.167.255.9010.167.255.90
9210.167.255.91/3210.167.255.91 – 10.167.255.9110.167.255.91
9310.167.255.92/3210.167.255.92 – 10.167.255.9210.167.255.92
9410.167.255.93/3210.167.255.93 – 10.167.255.9310.167.255.93
9510.167.255.94/3210.167.255.94 – 10.167.255.9410.167.255.94
9610.167.255.95/3210.167.255.95 – 10.167.255.9510.167.255.95
9710.167.255.96/3210.167.255.96 – 10.167.255.9610.167.255.96
9810.167.255.97/3210.167.255.97 – 10.167.255.9710.167.255.97
9910.167.255.98/3210.167.255.98 – 10.167.255.9810.167.255.98
10010.167.255.99/3210.167.255.99 – 10.167.255.9910.167.255.99
10110.167.255.100/3210.167.255.100 – 10.167.255.10010.167.255.100
10210.167.255.101/3210.167.255.101 – 10.167.255.10110.167.255.101
10310.167.255.102/3210.167.255.102 – 10.167.255.10210.167.255.102
10410.167.255.103/3210.167.255.103 – 10.167.255.10310.167.255.103
10510.167.255.104/3210.167.255.104 – 10.167.255.10410.167.255.104
10610.167.255.105/3210.167.255.105 – 10.167.255.10510.167.255.105
10710.167.255.106/3210.167.255.106 – 10.167.255.10610.167.255.106
10810.167.255.107/3210.167.255.107 – 10.167.255.10710.167.255.107
10910.167.255.108/3210.167.255.108 – 10.167.255.10810.167.255.108
11010.167.255.109/3210.167.255.109 – 10.167.255.10910.167.255.109
11110.167.255.110/3210.167.255.110 – 10.167.255.11010.167.255.110
11210.167.255.111/3210.167.255.111 – 10.167.255.11110.167.255.111
11310.167.255.112/3210.167.255.112 – 10.167.255.11210.167.255.112
11410.167.255.113/3210.167.255.113 – 10.167.255.11310.167.255.113
11510.167.255.114/3210.167.255.114 – 10.167.255.11410.167.255.114
11610.167.255.115/3210.167.255.115 – 10.167.255.11510.167.255.115
11710.167.255.116/3210.167.255.116 – 10.167.255.11610.167.255.116
11810.167.255.117/3210.167.255.117 – 10.167.255.11710.167.255.117
11910.167.255.118/3210.167.255.118 – 10.167.255.11810.167.255.118
12010.167.255.119/3210.167.255.119 – 10.167.255.11910.167.255.119
12110.167.255.120/3210.167.255.120 – 10.167.255.12010.167.255.120
12210.167.255.121/3210.167.255.121 – 10.167.255.12110.167.255.121
12310.167.255.122/3210.167.255.122 – 10.167.255.12210.167.255.122
12410.167.255.123/3210.167.255.123 – 10.167.255.12310.167.255.123
12510.167.255.124/3210.167.255.124 – 10.167.255.12410.167.255.124
12610.167.255.125/3210.167.255.125 – 10.167.255.12510.167.255.125
12710.167.255.126/3210.167.255.126 – 10.167.255.12610.167.255.126
12810.167.255.127/3210.167.255.127 – 10.167.255.12710.167.255.127
12910.167.255.128/3210.167.255.128 – 10.167.255.12810.167.255.128
13010.167.255.129/3210.167.255.129 – 10.167.255.12910.167.255.129
13110.167.255.130/3210.167.255.130 – 10.167.255.13010.167.255.130
13210.167.255.131/3210.167.255.131 – 10.167.255.13110.167.255.131
13310.167.255.132/3210.167.255.132 – 10.167.255.13210.167.255.132
13410.167.255.133/3210.167.255.133 – 10.167.255.13310.167.255.133
13510.167.255.134/3210.167.255.134 – 10.167.255.13410.167.255.134
13610.167.255.135/3210.167.255.135 – 10.167.255.13510.167.255.135
13710.167.255.136/3210.167.255.136 – 10.167.255.13610.167.255.136
13810.167.255.137/3210.167.255.137 – 10.167.255.13710.167.255.137
13910.167.255.138/3210.167.255.138 – 10.167.255.13810.167.255.138
14010.167.255.139/3210.167.255.139 – 10.167.255.13910.167.255.139
14110.167.255.140/3210.167.255.140 – 10.167.255.14010.167.255.140
14210.167.255.141/3210.167.255.141 – 10.167.255.14110.167.255.141
14310.167.255.142/3210.167.255.142 – 10.167.255.14210.167.255.142
14410.167.255.143/3210.167.255.143 – 10.167.255.14310.167.255.143
14510.167.255.144/3210.167.255.144 – 10.167.255.14410.167.255.144
14610.167.255.145/3210.167.255.145 – 10.167.255.14510.167.255.145
14710.167.255.146/3210.167.255.146 – 10.167.255.14610.167.255.146
14810.167.255.147/3210.167.255.147 – 10.167.255.14710.167.255.147
14910.167.255.148/3210.167.255.148 – 10.167.255.14810.167.255.148
15010.167.255.149/3210.167.255.149 – 10.167.255.14910.167.255.149
15110.167.255.150/3210.167.255.150 – 10.167.255.15010.167.255.150
15210.167.255.151/3210.167.255.151 – 10.167.255.15110.167.255.151
15310.167.255.152/3210.167.255.152 – 10.167.255.15210.167.255.152
15410.167.255.153/3210.167.255.153 – 10.167.255.15310.167.255.153
15510.167.255.154/3210.167.255.154 – 10.167.255.15410.167.255.154
15610.167.255.155/3210.167.255.155 – 10.167.255.15510.167.255.155
15710.167.255.156/3210.167.255.156 – 10.167.255.15610.167.255.156
15810.167.255.157/3210.167.255.157 – 10.167.255.15710.167.255.157
15910.167.255.158/3210.167.255.158 – 10.167.255.15810.167.255.158
16010.167.255.159/3210.167.255.159 – 10.167.255.15910.167.255.159
16110.167.255.160/3210.167.255.160 – 10.167.255.16010.167.255.160
16210.167.255.161/3210.167.255.161 – 10.167.255.16110.167.255.161
16310.167.255.162/3210.167.255.162 – 10.167.255.16210.167.255.162
16410.167.255.163/3210.167.255.163 – 10.167.255.16310.167.255.163
16510.167.255.164/3210.167.255.164 – 10.167.255.16410.167.255.164
16610.167.255.165/3210.167.255.165 – 10.167.255.16510.167.255.165
16710.167.255.166/3210.167.255.166 – 10.167.255.16610.167.255.166
16810.167.255.167/3210.167.255.167 – 10.167.255.16710.167.255.167
16910.167.255.168/3210.167.255.168 – 10.167.255.16810.167.255.168
17010.167.255.169/3210.167.255.169 – 10.167.255.16910.167.255.169
17110.167.255.170/3210.167.255.170 – 10.167.255.17010.167.255.170
17210.167.255.171/3210.167.255.171 – 10.167.255.17110.167.255.171
17310.167.255.172/3210.167.255.172 – 10.167.255.17210.167.255.172
17410.167.255.173/3210.167.255.173 – 10.167.255.17310.167.255.173
17510.167.255.174/3210.167.255.174 – 10.167.255.17410.167.255.174
17610.167.255.175/3210.167.255.175 – 10.167.255.17510.167.255.175
17710.167.255.176/3210.167.255.176 – 10.167.255.17610.167.255.176
17810.167.255.177/3210.167.255.177 – 10.167.255.17710.167.255.177
17910.167.255.178/3210.167.255.178 – 10.167.255.17810.167.255.178
18010.167.255.179/3210.167.255.179 – 10.167.255.17910.167.255.179
18110.167.255.180/3210.167.255.180 – 10.167.255.18010.167.255.180
18210.167.255.181/3210.167.255.181 – 10.167.255.18110.167.255.181
18310.167.255.182/3210.167.255.182 – 10.167.255.18210.167.255.182
18410.167.255.183/3210.167.255.183 – 10.167.255.18310.167.255.183
18510.167.255.184/3210.167.255.184 – 10.167.255.18410.167.255.184
18610.167.255.185/3210.167.255.185 – 10.167.255.18510.167.255.185
18710.167.255.186/3210.167.255.186 – 10.167.255.18610.167.255.186
18810.167.255.187/3210.167.255.187 – 10.167.255.18710.167.255.187
18910.167.255.188/3210.167.255.188 – 10.167.255.18810.167.255.188
19010.167.255.189/3210.167.255.189 – 10.167.255.18910.167.255.189
19110.167.255.190/3210.167.255.190 – 10.167.255.19010.167.255.190
19210.167.255.191/3210.167.255.191 – 10.167.255.19110.167.255.191
19310.167.255.192/3210.167.255.192 – 10.167.255.19210.167.255.192
19410.167.255.193/3210.167.255.193 – 10.167.255.19310.167.255.193
19510.167.255.194/3210.167.255.194 – 10.167.255.19410.167.255.194
19610.167.255.195/3210.167.255.195 – 10.167.255.19510.167.255.195
19710.167.255.196/3210.167.255.196 – 10.167.255.19610.167.255.196
19810.167.255.197/3210.167.255.197 – 10.167.255.19710.167.255.197
19910.167.255.198/3210.167.255.198 – 10.167.255.19810.167.255.198
20010.167.255.199/3210.167.255.199 – 10.167.255.19910.167.255.199
20110.167.255.200/3210.167.255.200 – 10.167.255.20010.167.255.200
20210.167.255.201/3210.167.255.201 – 10.167.255.20110.167.255.201
20310.167.255.202/3210.167.255.202 – 10.167.255.20210.167.255.202
20410.167.255.203/3210.167.255.203 – 10.167.255.20310.167.255.203
20510.167.255.204/3210.167.255.204 – 10.167.255.20410.167.255.204
20610.167.255.205/3210.167.255.205 – 10.167.255.20510.167.255.205
20710.167.255.206/3210.167.255.206 – 10.167.255.20610.167.255.206
20810.167.255.207/3210.167.255.207 – 10.167.255.20710.167.255.207
20910.167.255.208/3210.167.255.208 – 10.167.255.20810.167.255.208
21010.167.255.209/3210.167.255.209 – 10.167.255.20910.167.255.209
21110.167.255.210/3210.167.255.210 – 10.167.255.21010.167.255.210
21210.167.255.211/3210.167.255.211 – 10.167.255.21110.167.255.211
21310.167.255.212/3210.167.255.212 – 10.167.255.21210.167.255.212
21410.167.255.213/3210.167.255.213 – 10.167.255.21310.167.255.213
21510.167.255.214/3210.167.255.214 – 10.167.255.21410.167.255.214
21610.167.255.215/3210.167.255.215 – 10.167.255.21510.167.255.215
21710.167.255.216/3210.167.255.216 – 10.167.255.21610.167.255.216
21810.167.255.217/3210.167.255.217 – 10.167.255.21710.167.255.217
21910.167.255.218/3210.167.255.218 – 10.167.255.21810.167.255.218
22010.167.255.219/3210.167.255.219 – 10.167.255.21910.167.255.219
22110.167.255.220/3210.167.255.220 – 10.167.255.22010.167.255.220
22210.167.255.221/3210.167.255.221 – 10.167.255.22110.167.255.221
22310.167.255.222/3210.167.255.222 – 10.167.255.22210.167.255.222
22410.167.255.223/3210.167.255.223 – 10.167.255.22310.167.255.223
22510.167.255.224/3210.167.255.224 – 10.167.255.22410.167.255.224
22610.167.255.225/3210.167.255.225 – 10.167.255.22510.167.255.225
22710.167.255.226/3210.167.255.226 – 10.167.255.22610.167.255.226
22810.167.255.227/3210.167.255.227 – 10.167.255.22710.167.255.227
22910.167.255.228/3210.167.255.228 – 10.167.255.22810.167.255.228
23010.167.255.229/3210.167.255.229 – 10.167.255.22910.167.255.229
23110.167.255.230/3210.167.255.230 – 10.167.255.23010.167.255.230
23210.167.255.231/3210.167.255.231 – 10.167.255.23110.167.255.231
23310.167.255.232/3210.167.255.232 – 10.167.255.23210.167.255.232
23410.167.255.233/3210.167.255.233 – 10.167.255.23310.167.255.233
23510.167.255.234/3210.167.255.234 – 10.167.255.23410.167.255.234
23610.167.255.235/3210.167.255.235 – 10.167.255.23510.167.255.235
23710.167.255.236/3210.167.255.236 – 10.167.255.23610.167.255.236
23810.167.255.237/3210.167.255.237 – 10.167.255.23710.167.255.237
23910.167.255.238/3210.167.255.238 – 10.167.255.23810.167.255.238
24010.167.255.239/3210.167.255.239 – 10.167.255.23910.167.255.239
24110.167.255.240/3210.167.255.240 – 10.167.255.24010.167.255.240
24210.167.255.241/3210.167.255.241 – 10.167.255.24110.167.255.241
24310.167.255.242/3210.167.255.242 – 10.167.255.24210.167.255.242
24410.167.255.243/3210.167.255.243 – 10.167.255.24310.167.255.243
24510.167.255.244/3210.167.255.244 – 10.167.255.24410.167.255.244
24610.167.255.245/3210.167.255.245 – 10.167.255.24510.167.255.245
24710.167.255.246/3210.167.255.246 – 10.167.255.24610.167.255.246
24810.167.255.247/3210.167.255.247 – 10.167.255.24710.167.255.247
24910.167.255.248/3210.167.255.248 – 10.167.255.24810.167.255.248
25010.167.255.249/3210.167.255.249 – 10.167.255.24910.167.255.249
25110.167.255.250/3210.167.255.250 – 10.167.255.25010.167.255.250
25210.167.255.251/3210.167.255.251 – 10.167.255.25110.167.255.251
25310.167.255.252/3210.167.255.252 – 10.167.255.25210.167.255.252
25410.167.255.253/3210.167.255.253 – 10.167.255.25310.167.255.253
25510.167.255.254/3210.167.255.254 – 10.167.255.25410.167.255.254
25610.167.255.255/3210.167.255.255 – 10.167.255.25510.167.255.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →