ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.246.0/23
network10.167.246.0/23
broadcast10.167.247.255
first host10.167.246.1
last host10.167.247.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.246.0/23
address00001010.10100111.11110110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.11110110.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.11110111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa7f600
decimal178779648
reverse dns0.246.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:f600

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.246.0/3110.167.246.0 – 10.167.246.110.167.246.1
210.167.246.2/3110.167.246.2 – 10.167.246.310.167.246.3
310.167.246.4/3110.167.246.4 – 10.167.246.510.167.246.5
410.167.246.6/3110.167.246.6 – 10.167.246.710.167.246.7
510.167.246.8/3110.167.246.8 – 10.167.246.910.167.246.9
610.167.246.10/3110.167.246.10 – 10.167.246.1110.167.246.11
710.167.246.12/3110.167.246.12 – 10.167.246.1310.167.246.13
810.167.246.14/3110.167.246.14 – 10.167.246.1510.167.246.15
910.167.246.16/3110.167.246.16 – 10.167.246.1710.167.246.17
1010.167.246.18/3110.167.246.18 – 10.167.246.1910.167.246.19
1110.167.246.20/3110.167.246.20 – 10.167.246.2110.167.246.21
1210.167.246.22/3110.167.246.22 – 10.167.246.2310.167.246.23
1310.167.246.24/3110.167.246.24 – 10.167.246.2510.167.246.25
1410.167.246.26/3110.167.246.26 – 10.167.246.2710.167.246.27
1510.167.246.28/3110.167.246.28 – 10.167.246.2910.167.246.29
1610.167.246.30/3110.167.246.30 – 10.167.246.3110.167.246.31
1710.167.246.32/3110.167.246.32 – 10.167.246.3310.167.246.33
1810.167.246.34/3110.167.246.34 – 10.167.246.3510.167.246.35
1910.167.246.36/3110.167.246.36 – 10.167.246.3710.167.246.37
2010.167.246.38/3110.167.246.38 – 10.167.246.3910.167.246.39
2110.167.246.40/3110.167.246.40 – 10.167.246.4110.167.246.41
2210.167.246.42/3110.167.246.42 – 10.167.246.4310.167.246.43
2310.167.246.44/3110.167.246.44 – 10.167.246.4510.167.246.45
2410.167.246.46/3110.167.246.46 – 10.167.246.4710.167.246.47
2510.167.246.48/3110.167.246.48 – 10.167.246.4910.167.246.49
2610.167.246.50/3110.167.246.50 – 10.167.246.5110.167.246.51
2710.167.246.52/3110.167.246.52 – 10.167.246.5310.167.246.53
2810.167.246.54/3110.167.246.54 – 10.167.246.5510.167.246.55
2910.167.246.56/3110.167.246.56 – 10.167.246.5710.167.246.57
3010.167.246.58/3110.167.246.58 – 10.167.246.5910.167.246.59
3110.167.246.60/3110.167.246.60 – 10.167.246.6110.167.246.61
3210.167.246.62/3110.167.246.62 – 10.167.246.6310.167.246.63
3310.167.246.64/3110.167.246.64 – 10.167.246.6510.167.246.65
3410.167.246.66/3110.167.246.66 – 10.167.246.6710.167.246.67
3510.167.246.68/3110.167.246.68 – 10.167.246.6910.167.246.69
3610.167.246.70/3110.167.246.70 – 10.167.246.7110.167.246.71
3710.167.246.72/3110.167.246.72 – 10.167.246.7310.167.246.73
3810.167.246.74/3110.167.246.74 – 10.167.246.7510.167.246.75
3910.167.246.76/3110.167.246.76 – 10.167.246.7710.167.246.77
4010.167.246.78/3110.167.246.78 – 10.167.246.7910.167.246.79
4110.167.246.80/3110.167.246.80 – 10.167.246.8110.167.246.81
4210.167.246.82/3110.167.246.82 – 10.167.246.8310.167.246.83
4310.167.246.84/3110.167.246.84 – 10.167.246.8510.167.246.85
4410.167.246.86/3110.167.246.86 – 10.167.246.8710.167.246.87
4510.167.246.88/3110.167.246.88 – 10.167.246.8910.167.246.89
4610.167.246.90/3110.167.246.90 – 10.167.246.9110.167.246.91
4710.167.246.92/3110.167.246.92 – 10.167.246.9310.167.246.93
4810.167.246.94/3110.167.246.94 – 10.167.246.9510.167.246.95
4910.167.246.96/3110.167.246.96 – 10.167.246.9710.167.246.97
5010.167.246.98/3110.167.246.98 – 10.167.246.9910.167.246.99
5110.167.246.100/3110.167.246.100 – 10.167.246.10110.167.246.101
5210.167.246.102/3110.167.246.102 – 10.167.246.10310.167.246.103
5310.167.246.104/3110.167.246.104 – 10.167.246.10510.167.246.105
5410.167.246.106/3110.167.246.106 – 10.167.246.10710.167.246.107
5510.167.246.108/3110.167.246.108 – 10.167.246.10910.167.246.109
5610.167.246.110/3110.167.246.110 – 10.167.246.11110.167.246.111
5710.167.246.112/3110.167.246.112 – 10.167.246.11310.167.246.113
5810.167.246.114/3110.167.246.114 – 10.167.246.11510.167.246.115
5910.167.246.116/3110.167.246.116 – 10.167.246.11710.167.246.117
6010.167.246.118/3110.167.246.118 – 10.167.246.11910.167.246.119
6110.167.246.120/3110.167.246.120 – 10.167.246.12110.167.246.121
6210.167.246.122/3110.167.246.122 – 10.167.246.12310.167.246.123
6310.167.246.124/3110.167.246.124 – 10.167.246.12510.167.246.125
6410.167.246.126/3110.167.246.126 – 10.167.246.12710.167.246.127
6510.167.246.128/3110.167.246.128 – 10.167.246.12910.167.246.129
6610.167.246.130/3110.167.246.130 – 10.167.246.13110.167.246.131
6710.167.246.132/3110.167.246.132 – 10.167.246.13310.167.246.133
6810.167.246.134/3110.167.246.134 – 10.167.246.13510.167.246.135
6910.167.246.136/3110.167.246.136 – 10.167.246.13710.167.246.137
7010.167.246.138/3110.167.246.138 – 10.167.246.13910.167.246.139
7110.167.246.140/3110.167.246.140 – 10.167.246.14110.167.246.141
7210.167.246.142/3110.167.246.142 – 10.167.246.14310.167.246.143
7310.167.246.144/3110.167.246.144 – 10.167.246.14510.167.246.145
7410.167.246.146/3110.167.246.146 – 10.167.246.14710.167.246.147
7510.167.246.148/3110.167.246.148 – 10.167.246.14910.167.246.149
7610.167.246.150/3110.167.246.150 – 10.167.246.15110.167.246.151
7710.167.246.152/3110.167.246.152 – 10.167.246.15310.167.246.153
7810.167.246.154/3110.167.246.154 – 10.167.246.15510.167.246.155
7910.167.246.156/3110.167.246.156 – 10.167.246.15710.167.246.157
8010.167.246.158/3110.167.246.158 – 10.167.246.15910.167.246.159
8110.167.246.160/3110.167.246.160 – 10.167.246.16110.167.246.161
8210.167.246.162/3110.167.246.162 – 10.167.246.16310.167.246.163
8310.167.246.164/3110.167.246.164 – 10.167.246.16510.167.246.165
8410.167.246.166/3110.167.246.166 – 10.167.246.16710.167.246.167
8510.167.246.168/3110.167.246.168 – 10.167.246.16910.167.246.169
8610.167.246.170/3110.167.246.170 – 10.167.246.17110.167.246.171
8710.167.246.172/3110.167.246.172 – 10.167.246.17310.167.246.173
8810.167.246.174/3110.167.246.174 – 10.167.246.17510.167.246.175
8910.167.246.176/3110.167.246.176 – 10.167.246.17710.167.246.177
9010.167.246.178/3110.167.246.178 – 10.167.246.17910.167.246.179
9110.167.246.180/3110.167.246.180 – 10.167.246.18110.167.246.181
9210.167.246.182/3110.167.246.182 – 10.167.246.18310.167.246.183
9310.167.246.184/3110.167.246.184 – 10.167.246.18510.167.246.185
9410.167.246.186/3110.167.246.186 – 10.167.246.18710.167.246.187
9510.167.246.188/3110.167.246.188 – 10.167.246.18910.167.246.189
9610.167.246.190/3110.167.246.190 – 10.167.246.19110.167.246.191
9710.167.246.192/3110.167.246.192 – 10.167.246.19310.167.246.193
9810.167.246.194/3110.167.246.194 – 10.167.246.19510.167.246.195
9910.167.246.196/3110.167.246.196 – 10.167.246.19710.167.246.197
10010.167.246.198/3110.167.246.198 – 10.167.246.19910.167.246.199
10110.167.246.200/3110.167.246.200 – 10.167.246.20110.167.246.201
10210.167.246.202/3110.167.246.202 – 10.167.246.20310.167.246.203
10310.167.246.204/3110.167.246.204 – 10.167.246.20510.167.246.205
10410.167.246.206/3110.167.246.206 – 10.167.246.20710.167.246.207
10510.167.246.208/3110.167.246.208 – 10.167.246.20910.167.246.209
10610.167.246.210/3110.167.246.210 – 10.167.246.21110.167.246.211
10710.167.246.212/3110.167.246.212 – 10.167.246.21310.167.246.213
10810.167.246.214/3110.167.246.214 – 10.167.246.21510.167.246.215
10910.167.246.216/3110.167.246.216 – 10.167.246.21710.167.246.217
11010.167.246.218/3110.167.246.218 – 10.167.246.21910.167.246.219
11110.167.246.220/3110.167.246.220 – 10.167.246.22110.167.246.221
11210.167.246.222/3110.167.246.222 – 10.167.246.22310.167.246.223
11310.167.246.224/3110.167.246.224 – 10.167.246.22510.167.246.225
11410.167.246.226/3110.167.246.226 – 10.167.246.22710.167.246.227
11510.167.246.228/3110.167.246.228 – 10.167.246.22910.167.246.229
11610.167.246.230/3110.167.246.230 – 10.167.246.23110.167.246.231
11710.167.246.232/3110.167.246.232 – 10.167.246.23310.167.246.233
11810.167.246.234/3110.167.246.234 – 10.167.246.23510.167.246.235
11910.167.246.236/3110.167.246.236 – 10.167.246.23710.167.246.237
12010.167.246.238/3110.167.246.238 – 10.167.246.23910.167.246.239
12110.167.246.240/3110.167.246.240 – 10.167.246.24110.167.246.241
12210.167.246.242/3110.167.246.242 – 10.167.246.24310.167.246.243
12310.167.246.244/3110.167.246.244 – 10.167.246.24510.167.246.245
12410.167.246.246/3110.167.246.246 – 10.167.246.24710.167.246.247
12510.167.246.248/3110.167.246.248 – 10.167.246.24910.167.246.249
12610.167.246.250/3110.167.246.250 – 10.167.246.25110.167.246.251
12710.167.246.252/3110.167.246.252 – 10.167.246.25310.167.246.253
12810.167.246.254/3110.167.246.254 – 10.167.246.25510.167.246.255
12910.167.247.0/3110.167.247.0 – 10.167.247.110.167.247.1
13010.167.247.2/3110.167.247.2 – 10.167.247.310.167.247.3
13110.167.247.4/3110.167.247.4 – 10.167.247.510.167.247.5
13210.167.247.6/3110.167.247.6 – 10.167.247.710.167.247.7
13310.167.247.8/3110.167.247.8 – 10.167.247.910.167.247.9
13410.167.247.10/3110.167.247.10 – 10.167.247.1110.167.247.11
13510.167.247.12/3110.167.247.12 – 10.167.247.1310.167.247.13
13610.167.247.14/3110.167.247.14 – 10.167.247.1510.167.247.15
13710.167.247.16/3110.167.247.16 – 10.167.247.1710.167.247.17
13810.167.247.18/3110.167.247.18 – 10.167.247.1910.167.247.19
13910.167.247.20/3110.167.247.20 – 10.167.247.2110.167.247.21
14010.167.247.22/3110.167.247.22 – 10.167.247.2310.167.247.23
14110.167.247.24/3110.167.247.24 – 10.167.247.2510.167.247.25
14210.167.247.26/3110.167.247.26 – 10.167.247.2710.167.247.27
14310.167.247.28/3110.167.247.28 – 10.167.247.2910.167.247.29
14410.167.247.30/3110.167.247.30 – 10.167.247.3110.167.247.31
14510.167.247.32/3110.167.247.32 – 10.167.247.3310.167.247.33
14610.167.247.34/3110.167.247.34 – 10.167.247.3510.167.247.35
14710.167.247.36/3110.167.247.36 – 10.167.247.3710.167.247.37
14810.167.247.38/3110.167.247.38 – 10.167.247.3910.167.247.39
14910.167.247.40/3110.167.247.40 – 10.167.247.4110.167.247.41
15010.167.247.42/3110.167.247.42 – 10.167.247.4310.167.247.43
15110.167.247.44/3110.167.247.44 – 10.167.247.4510.167.247.45
15210.167.247.46/3110.167.247.46 – 10.167.247.4710.167.247.47
15310.167.247.48/3110.167.247.48 – 10.167.247.4910.167.247.49
15410.167.247.50/3110.167.247.50 – 10.167.247.5110.167.247.51
15510.167.247.52/3110.167.247.52 – 10.167.247.5310.167.247.53
15610.167.247.54/3110.167.247.54 – 10.167.247.5510.167.247.55
15710.167.247.56/3110.167.247.56 – 10.167.247.5710.167.247.57
15810.167.247.58/3110.167.247.58 – 10.167.247.5910.167.247.59
15910.167.247.60/3110.167.247.60 – 10.167.247.6110.167.247.61
16010.167.247.62/3110.167.247.62 – 10.167.247.6310.167.247.63
16110.167.247.64/3110.167.247.64 – 10.167.247.6510.167.247.65
16210.167.247.66/3110.167.247.66 – 10.167.247.6710.167.247.67
16310.167.247.68/3110.167.247.68 – 10.167.247.6910.167.247.69
16410.167.247.70/3110.167.247.70 – 10.167.247.7110.167.247.71
16510.167.247.72/3110.167.247.72 – 10.167.247.7310.167.247.73
16610.167.247.74/3110.167.247.74 – 10.167.247.7510.167.247.75
16710.167.247.76/3110.167.247.76 – 10.167.247.7710.167.247.77
16810.167.247.78/3110.167.247.78 – 10.167.247.7910.167.247.79
16910.167.247.80/3110.167.247.80 – 10.167.247.8110.167.247.81
17010.167.247.82/3110.167.247.82 – 10.167.247.8310.167.247.83
17110.167.247.84/3110.167.247.84 – 10.167.247.8510.167.247.85
17210.167.247.86/3110.167.247.86 – 10.167.247.8710.167.247.87
17310.167.247.88/3110.167.247.88 – 10.167.247.8910.167.247.89
17410.167.247.90/3110.167.247.90 – 10.167.247.9110.167.247.91
17510.167.247.92/3110.167.247.92 – 10.167.247.9310.167.247.93
17610.167.247.94/3110.167.247.94 – 10.167.247.9510.167.247.95
17710.167.247.96/3110.167.247.96 – 10.167.247.9710.167.247.97
17810.167.247.98/3110.167.247.98 – 10.167.247.9910.167.247.99
17910.167.247.100/3110.167.247.100 – 10.167.247.10110.167.247.101
18010.167.247.102/3110.167.247.102 – 10.167.247.10310.167.247.103
18110.167.247.104/3110.167.247.104 – 10.167.247.10510.167.247.105
18210.167.247.106/3110.167.247.106 – 10.167.247.10710.167.247.107
18310.167.247.108/3110.167.247.108 – 10.167.247.10910.167.247.109
18410.167.247.110/3110.167.247.110 – 10.167.247.11110.167.247.111
18510.167.247.112/3110.167.247.112 – 10.167.247.11310.167.247.113
18610.167.247.114/3110.167.247.114 – 10.167.247.11510.167.247.115
18710.167.247.116/3110.167.247.116 – 10.167.247.11710.167.247.117
18810.167.247.118/3110.167.247.118 – 10.167.247.11910.167.247.119
18910.167.247.120/3110.167.247.120 – 10.167.247.12110.167.247.121
19010.167.247.122/3110.167.247.122 – 10.167.247.12310.167.247.123
19110.167.247.124/3110.167.247.124 – 10.167.247.12510.167.247.125
19210.167.247.126/3110.167.247.126 – 10.167.247.12710.167.247.127
19310.167.247.128/3110.167.247.128 – 10.167.247.12910.167.247.129
19410.167.247.130/3110.167.247.130 – 10.167.247.13110.167.247.131
19510.167.247.132/3110.167.247.132 – 10.167.247.13310.167.247.133
19610.167.247.134/3110.167.247.134 – 10.167.247.13510.167.247.135
19710.167.247.136/3110.167.247.136 – 10.167.247.13710.167.247.137
19810.167.247.138/3110.167.247.138 – 10.167.247.13910.167.247.139
19910.167.247.140/3110.167.247.140 – 10.167.247.14110.167.247.141
20010.167.247.142/3110.167.247.142 – 10.167.247.14310.167.247.143
20110.167.247.144/3110.167.247.144 – 10.167.247.14510.167.247.145
20210.167.247.146/3110.167.247.146 – 10.167.247.14710.167.247.147
20310.167.247.148/3110.167.247.148 – 10.167.247.14910.167.247.149
20410.167.247.150/3110.167.247.150 – 10.167.247.15110.167.247.151
20510.167.247.152/3110.167.247.152 – 10.167.247.15310.167.247.153
20610.167.247.154/3110.167.247.154 – 10.167.247.15510.167.247.155
20710.167.247.156/3110.167.247.156 – 10.167.247.15710.167.247.157
20810.167.247.158/3110.167.247.158 – 10.167.247.15910.167.247.159
20910.167.247.160/3110.167.247.160 – 10.167.247.16110.167.247.161
21010.167.247.162/3110.167.247.162 – 10.167.247.16310.167.247.163
21110.167.247.164/3110.167.247.164 – 10.167.247.16510.167.247.165
21210.167.247.166/3110.167.247.166 – 10.167.247.16710.167.247.167
21310.167.247.168/3110.167.247.168 – 10.167.247.16910.167.247.169
21410.167.247.170/3110.167.247.170 – 10.167.247.17110.167.247.171
21510.167.247.172/3110.167.247.172 – 10.167.247.17310.167.247.173
21610.167.247.174/3110.167.247.174 – 10.167.247.17510.167.247.175
21710.167.247.176/3110.167.247.176 – 10.167.247.17710.167.247.177
21810.167.247.178/3110.167.247.178 – 10.167.247.17910.167.247.179
21910.167.247.180/3110.167.247.180 – 10.167.247.18110.167.247.181
22010.167.247.182/3110.167.247.182 – 10.167.247.18310.167.247.183
22110.167.247.184/3110.167.247.184 – 10.167.247.18510.167.247.185
22210.167.247.186/3110.167.247.186 – 10.167.247.18710.167.247.187
22310.167.247.188/3110.167.247.188 – 10.167.247.18910.167.247.189
22410.167.247.190/3110.167.247.190 – 10.167.247.19110.167.247.191
22510.167.247.192/3110.167.247.192 – 10.167.247.19310.167.247.193
22610.167.247.194/3110.167.247.194 – 10.167.247.19510.167.247.195
22710.167.247.196/3110.167.247.196 – 10.167.247.19710.167.247.197
22810.167.247.198/3110.167.247.198 – 10.167.247.19910.167.247.199
22910.167.247.200/3110.167.247.200 – 10.167.247.20110.167.247.201
23010.167.247.202/3110.167.247.202 – 10.167.247.20310.167.247.203
23110.167.247.204/3110.167.247.204 – 10.167.247.20510.167.247.205
23210.167.247.206/3110.167.247.206 – 10.167.247.20710.167.247.207
23310.167.247.208/3110.167.247.208 – 10.167.247.20910.167.247.209
23410.167.247.210/3110.167.247.210 – 10.167.247.21110.167.247.211
23510.167.247.212/3110.167.247.212 – 10.167.247.21310.167.247.213
23610.167.247.214/3110.167.247.214 – 10.167.247.21510.167.247.215
23710.167.247.216/3110.167.247.216 – 10.167.247.21710.167.247.217
23810.167.247.218/3110.167.247.218 – 10.167.247.21910.167.247.219
23910.167.247.220/3110.167.247.220 – 10.167.247.22110.167.247.221
24010.167.247.222/3110.167.247.222 – 10.167.247.22310.167.247.223
24110.167.247.224/3110.167.247.224 – 10.167.247.22510.167.247.225
24210.167.247.226/3110.167.247.226 – 10.167.247.22710.167.247.227
24310.167.247.228/3110.167.247.228 – 10.167.247.22910.167.247.229
24410.167.247.230/3110.167.247.230 – 10.167.247.23110.167.247.231
24510.167.247.232/3110.167.247.232 – 10.167.247.23310.167.247.233
24610.167.247.234/3110.167.247.234 – 10.167.247.23510.167.247.235
24710.167.247.236/3110.167.247.236 – 10.167.247.23710.167.247.237
24810.167.247.238/3110.167.247.238 – 10.167.247.23910.167.247.239
24910.167.247.240/3110.167.247.240 – 10.167.247.24110.167.247.241
25010.167.247.242/3110.167.247.242 – 10.167.247.24310.167.247.243
25110.167.247.244/3110.167.247.244 – 10.167.247.24510.167.247.245
25210.167.247.246/3110.167.247.246 – 10.167.247.24710.167.247.247
25310.167.247.248/3110.167.247.248 – 10.167.247.24910.167.247.249
25410.167.247.250/3110.167.247.250 – 10.167.247.25110.167.247.251
25510.167.247.252/3110.167.247.252 – 10.167.247.25310.167.247.253
25610.167.247.254/3110.167.247.254 – 10.167.247.25510.167.247.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →