ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.242.0/23
network10.167.242.0/23
broadcast10.167.243.255
first host10.167.242.1
last host10.167.243.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.242.0/23
address00001010.10100111.11110010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.11110010.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.11110011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa7f200
decimal178778624
reverse dns0.242.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:f200

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.242.0/3110.167.242.0 – 10.167.242.110.167.242.1
210.167.242.2/3110.167.242.2 – 10.167.242.310.167.242.3
310.167.242.4/3110.167.242.4 – 10.167.242.510.167.242.5
410.167.242.6/3110.167.242.6 – 10.167.242.710.167.242.7
510.167.242.8/3110.167.242.8 – 10.167.242.910.167.242.9
610.167.242.10/3110.167.242.10 – 10.167.242.1110.167.242.11
710.167.242.12/3110.167.242.12 – 10.167.242.1310.167.242.13
810.167.242.14/3110.167.242.14 – 10.167.242.1510.167.242.15
910.167.242.16/3110.167.242.16 – 10.167.242.1710.167.242.17
1010.167.242.18/3110.167.242.18 – 10.167.242.1910.167.242.19
1110.167.242.20/3110.167.242.20 – 10.167.242.2110.167.242.21
1210.167.242.22/3110.167.242.22 – 10.167.242.2310.167.242.23
1310.167.242.24/3110.167.242.24 – 10.167.242.2510.167.242.25
1410.167.242.26/3110.167.242.26 – 10.167.242.2710.167.242.27
1510.167.242.28/3110.167.242.28 – 10.167.242.2910.167.242.29
1610.167.242.30/3110.167.242.30 – 10.167.242.3110.167.242.31
1710.167.242.32/3110.167.242.32 – 10.167.242.3310.167.242.33
1810.167.242.34/3110.167.242.34 – 10.167.242.3510.167.242.35
1910.167.242.36/3110.167.242.36 – 10.167.242.3710.167.242.37
2010.167.242.38/3110.167.242.38 – 10.167.242.3910.167.242.39
2110.167.242.40/3110.167.242.40 – 10.167.242.4110.167.242.41
2210.167.242.42/3110.167.242.42 – 10.167.242.4310.167.242.43
2310.167.242.44/3110.167.242.44 – 10.167.242.4510.167.242.45
2410.167.242.46/3110.167.242.46 – 10.167.242.4710.167.242.47
2510.167.242.48/3110.167.242.48 – 10.167.242.4910.167.242.49
2610.167.242.50/3110.167.242.50 – 10.167.242.5110.167.242.51
2710.167.242.52/3110.167.242.52 – 10.167.242.5310.167.242.53
2810.167.242.54/3110.167.242.54 – 10.167.242.5510.167.242.55
2910.167.242.56/3110.167.242.56 – 10.167.242.5710.167.242.57
3010.167.242.58/3110.167.242.58 – 10.167.242.5910.167.242.59
3110.167.242.60/3110.167.242.60 – 10.167.242.6110.167.242.61
3210.167.242.62/3110.167.242.62 – 10.167.242.6310.167.242.63
3310.167.242.64/3110.167.242.64 – 10.167.242.6510.167.242.65
3410.167.242.66/3110.167.242.66 – 10.167.242.6710.167.242.67
3510.167.242.68/3110.167.242.68 – 10.167.242.6910.167.242.69
3610.167.242.70/3110.167.242.70 – 10.167.242.7110.167.242.71
3710.167.242.72/3110.167.242.72 – 10.167.242.7310.167.242.73
3810.167.242.74/3110.167.242.74 – 10.167.242.7510.167.242.75
3910.167.242.76/3110.167.242.76 – 10.167.242.7710.167.242.77
4010.167.242.78/3110.167.242.78 – 10.167.242.7910.167.242.79
4110.167.242.80/3110.167.242.80 – 10.167.242.8110.167.242.81
4210.167.242.82/3110.167.242.82 – 10.167.242.8310.167.242.83
4310.167.242.84/3110.167.242.84 – 10.167.242.8510.167.242.85
4410.167.242.86/3110.167.242.86 – 10.167.242.8710.167.242.87
4510.167.242.88/3110.167.242.88 – 10.167.242.8910.167.242.89
4610.167.242.90/3110.167.242.90 – 10.167.242.9110.167.242.91
4710.167.242.92/3110.167.242.92 – 10.167.242.9310.167.242.93
4810.167.242.94/3110.167.242.94 – 10.167.242.9510.167.242.95
4910.167.242.96/3110.167.242.96 – 10.167.242.9710.167.242.97
5010.167.242.98/3110.167.242.98 – 10.167.242.9910.167.242.99
5110.167.242.100/3110.167.242.100 – 10.167.242.10110.167.242.101
5210.167.242.102/3110.167.242.102 – 10.167.242.10310.167.242.103
5310.167.242.104/3110.167.242.104 – 10.167.242.10510.167.242.105
5410.167.242.106/3110.167.242.106 – 10.167.242.10710.167.242.107
5510.167.242.108/3110.167.242.108 – 10.167.242.10910.167.242.109
5610.167.242.110/3110.167.242.110 – 10.167.242.11110.167.242.111
5710.167.242.112/3110.167.242.112 – 10.167.242.11310.167.242.113
5810.167.242.114/3110.167.242.114 – 10.167.242.11510.167.242.115
5910.167.242.116/3110.167.242.116 – 10.167.242.11710.167.242.117
6010.167.242.118/3110.167.242.118 – 10.167.242.11910.167.242.119
6110.167.242.120/3110.167.242.120 – 10.167.242.12110.167.242.121
6210.167.242.122/3110.167.242.122 – 10.167.242.12310.167.242.123
6310.167.242.124/3110.167.242.124 – 10.167.242.12510.167.242.125
6410.167.242.126/3110.167.242.126 – 10.167.242.12710.167.242.127
6510.167.242.128/3110.167.242.128 – 10.167.242.12910.167.242.129
6610.167.242.130/3110.167.242.130 – 10.167.242.13110.167.242.131
6710.167.242.132/3110.167.242.132 – 10.167.242.13310.167.242.133
6810.167.242.134/3110.167.242.134 – 10.167.242.13510.167.242.135
6910.167.242.136/3110.167.242.136 – 10.167.242.13710.167.242.137
7010.167.242.138/3110.167.242.138 – 10.167.242.13910.167.242.139
7110.167.242.140/3110.167.242.140 – 10.167.242.14110.167.242.141
7210.167.242.142/3110.167.242.142 – 10.167.242.14310.167.242.143
7310.167.242.144/3110.167.242.144 – 10.167.242.14510.167.242.145
7410.167.242.146/3110.167.242.146 – 10.167.242.14710.167.242.147
7510.167.242.148/3110.167.242.148 – 10.167.242.14910.167.242.149
7610.167.242.150/3110.167.242.150 – 10.167.242.15110.167.242.151
7710.167.242.152/3110.167.242.152 – 10.167.242.15310.167.242.153
7810.167.242.154/3110.167.242.154 – 10.167.242.15510.167.242.155
7910.167.242.156/3110.167.242.156 – 10.167.242.15710.167.242.157
8010.167.242.158/3110.167.242.158 – 10.167.242.15910.167.242.159
8110.167.242.160/3110.167.242.160 – 10.167.242.16110.167.242.161
8210.167.242.162/3110.167.242.162 – 10.167.242.16310.167.242.163
8310.167.242.164/3110.167.242.164 – 10.167.242.16510.167.242.165
8410.167.242.166/3110.167.242.166 – 10.167.242.16710.167.242.167
8510.167.242.168/3110.167.242.168 – 10.167.242.16910.167.242.169
8610.167.242.170/3110.167.242.170 – 10.167.242.17110.167.242.171
8710.167.242.172/3110.167.242.172 – 10.167.242.17310.167.242.173
8810.167.242.174/3110.167.242.174 – 10.167.242.17510.167.242.175
8910.167.242.176/3110.167.242.176 – 10.167.242.17710.167.242.177
9010.167.242.178/3110.167.242.178 – 10.167.242.17910.167.242.179
9110.167.242.180/3110.167.242.180 – 10.167.242.18110.167.242.181
9210.167.242.182/3110.167.242.182 – 10.167.242.18310.167.242.183
9310.167.242.184/3110.167.242.184 – 10.167.242.18510.167.242.185
9410.167.242.186/3110.167.242.186 – 10.167.242.18710.167.242.187
9510.167.242.188/3110.167.242.188 – 10.167.242.18910.167.242.189
9610.167.242.190/3110.167.242.190 – 10.167.242.19110.167.242.191
9710.167.242.192/3110.167.242.192 – 10.167.242.19310.167.242.193
9810.167.242.194/3110.167.242.194 – 10.167.242.19510.167.242.195
9910.167.242.196/3110.167.242.196 – 10.167.242.19710.167.242.197
10010.167.242.198/3110.167.242.198 – 10.167.242.19910.167.242.199
10110.167.242.200/3110.167.242.200 – 10.167.242.20110.167.242.201
10210.167.242.202/3110.167.242.202 – 10.167.242.20310.167.242.203
10310.167.242.204/3110.167.242.204 – 10.167.242.20510.167.242.205
10410.167.242.206/3110.167.242.206 – 10.167.242.20710.167.242.207
10510.167.242.208/3110.167.242.208 – 10.167.242.20910.167.242.209
10610.167.242.210/3110.167.242.210 – 10.167.242.21110.167.242.211
10710.167.242.212/3110.167.242.212 – 10.167.242.21310.167.242.213
10810.167.242.214/3110.167.242.214 – 10.167.242.21510.167.242.215
10910.167.242.216/3110.167.242.216 – 10.167.242.21710.167.242.217
11010.167.242.218/3110.167.242.218 – 10.167.242.21910.167.242.219
11110.167.242.220/3110.167.242.220 – 10.167.242.22110.167.242.221
11210.167.242.222/3110.167.242.222 – 10.167.242.22310.167.242.223
11310.167.242.224/3110.167.242.224 – 10.167.242.22510.167.242.225
11410.167.242.226/3110.167.242.226 – 10.167.242.22710.167.242.227
11510.167.242.228/3110.167.242.228 – 10.167.242.22910.167.242.229
11610.167.242.230/3110.167.242.230 – 10.167.242.23110.167.242.231
11710.167.242.232/3110.167.242.232 – 10.167.242.23310.167.242.233
11810.167.242.234/3110.167.242.234 – 10.167.242.23510.167.242.235
11910.167.242.236/3110.167.242.236 – 10.167.242.23710.167.242.237
12010.167.242.238/3110.167.242.238 – 10.167.242.23910.167.242.239
12110.167.242.240/3110.167.242.240 – 10.167.242.24110.167.242.241
12210.167.242.242/3110.167.242.242 – 10.167.242.24310.167.242.243
12310.167.242.244/3110.167.242.244 – 10.167.242.24510.167.242.245
12410.167.242.246/3110.167.242.246 – 10.167.242.24710.167.242.247
12510.167.242.248/3110.167.242.248 – 10.167.242.24910.167.242.249
12610.167.242.250/3110.167.242.250 – 10.167.242.25110.167.242.251
12710.167.242.252/3110.167.242.252 – 10.167.242.25310.167.242.253
12810.167.242.254/3110.167.242.254 – 10.167.242.25510.167.242.255
12910.167.243.0/3110.167.243.0 – 10.167.243.110.167.243.1
13010.167.243.2/3110.167.243.2 – 10.167.243.310.167.243.3
13110.167.243.4/3110.167.243.4 – 10.167.243.510.167.243.5
13210.167.243.6/3110.167.243.6 – 10.167.243.710.167.243.7
13310.167.243.8/3110.167.243.8 – 10.167.243.910.167.243.9
13410.167.243.10/3110.167.243.10 – 10.167.243.1110.167.243.11
13510.167.243.12/3110.167.243.12 – 10.167.243.1310.167.243.13
13610.167.243.14/3110.167.243.14 – 10.167.243.1510.167.243.15
13710.167.243.16/3110.167.243.16 – 10.167.243.1710.167.243.17
13810.167.243.18/3110.167.243.18 – 10.167.243.1910.167.243.19
13910.167.243.20/3110.167.243.20 – 10.167.243.2110.167.243.21
14010.167.243.22/3110.167.243.22 – 10.167.243.2310.167.243.23
14110.167.243.24/3110.167.243.24 – 10.167.243.2510.167.243.25
14210.167.243.26/3110.167.243.26 – 10.167.243.2710.167.243.27
14310.167.243.28/3110.167.243.28 – 10.167.243.2910.167.243.29
14410.167.243.30/3110.167.243.30 – 10.167.243.3110.167.243.31
14510.167.243.32/3110.167.243.32 – 10.167.243.3310.167.243.33
14610.167.243.34/3110.167.243.34 – 10.167.243.3510.167.243.35
14710.167.243.36/3110.167.243.36 – 10.167.243.3710.167.243.37
14810.167.243.38/3110.167.243.38 – 10.167.243.3910.167.243.39
14910.167.243.40/3110.167.243.40 – 10.167.243.4110.167.243.41
15010.167.243.42/3110.167.243.42 – 10.167.243.4310.167.243.43
15110.167.243.44/3110.167.243.44 – 10.167.243.4510.167.243.45
15210.167.243.46/3110.167.243.46 – 10.167.243.4710.167.243.47
15310.167.243.48/3110.167.243.48 – 10.167.243.4910.167.243.49
15410.167.243.50/3110.167.243.50 – 10.167.243.5110.167.243.51
15510.167.243.52/3110.167.243.52 – 10.167.243.5310.167.243.53
15610.167.243.54/3110.167.243.54 – 10.167.243.5510.167.243.55
15710.167.243.56/3110.167.243.56 – 10.167.243.5710.167.243.57
15810.167.243.58/3110.167.243.58 – 10.167.243.5910.167.243.59
15910.167.243.60/3110.167.243.60 – 10.167.243.6110.167.243.61
16010.167.243.62/3110.167.243.62 – 10.167.243.6310.167.243.63
16110.167.243.64/3110.167.243.64 – 10.167.243.6510.167.243.65
16210.167.243.66/3110.167.243.66 – 10.167.243.6710.167.243.67
16310.167.243.68/3110.167.243.68 – 10.167.243.6910.167.243.69
16410.167.243.70/3110.167.243.70 – 10.167.243.7110.167.243.71
16510.167.243.72/3110.167.243.72 – 10.167.243.7310.167.243.73
16610.167.243.74/3110.167.243.74 – 10.167.243.7510.167.243.75
16710.167.243.76/3110.167.243.76 – 10.167.243.7710.167.243.77
16810.167.243.78/3110.167.243.78 – 10.167.243.7910.167.243.79
16910.167.243.80/3110.167.243.80 – 10.167.243.8110.167.243.81
17010.167.243.82/3110.167.243.82 – 10.167.243.8310.167.243.83
17110.167.243.84/3110.167.243.84 – 10.167.243.8510.167.243.85
17210.167.243.86/3110.167.243.86 – 10.167.243.8710.167.243.87
17310.167.243.88/3110.167.243.88 – 10.167.243.8910.167.243.89
17410.167.243.90/3110.167.243.90 – 10.167.243.9110.167.243.91
17510.167.243.92/3110.167.243.92 – 10.167.243.9310.167.243.93
17610.167.243.94/3110.167.243.94 – 10.167.243.9510.167.243.95
17710.167.243.96/3110.167.243.96 – 10.167.243.9710.167.243.97
17810.167.243.98/3110.167.243.98 – 10.167.243.9910.167.243.99
17910.167.243.100/3110.167.243.100 – 10.167.243.10110.167.243.101
18010.167.243.102/3110.167.243.102 – 10.167.243.10310.167.243.103
18110.167.243.104/3110.167.243.104 – 10.167.243.10510.167.243.105
18210.167.243.106/3110.167.243.106 – 10.167.243.10710.167.243.107
18310.167.243.108/3110.167.243.108 – 10.167.243.10910.167.243.109
18410.167.243.110/3110.167.243.110 – 10.167.243.11110.167.243.111
18510.167.243.112/3110.167.243.112 – 10.167.243.11310.167.243.113
18610.167.243.114/3110.167.243.114 – 10.167.243.11510.167.243.115
18710.167.243.116/3110.167.243.116 – 10.167.243.11710.167.243.117
18810.167.243.118/3110.167.243.118 – 10.167.243.11910.167.243.119
18910.167.243.120/3110.167.243.120 – 10.167.243.12110.167.243.121
19010.167.243.122/3110.167.243.122 – 10.167.243.12310.167.243.123
19110.167.243.124/3110.167.243.124 – 10.167.243.12510.167.243.125
19210.167.243.126/3110.167.243.126 – 10.167.243.12710.167.243.127
19310.167.243.128/3110.167.243.128 – 10.167.243.12910.167.243.129
19410.167.243.130/3110.167.243.130 – 10.167.243.13110.167.243.131
19510.167.243.132/3110.167.243.132 – 10.167.243.13310.167.243.133
19610.167.243.134/3110.167.243.134 – 10.167.243.13510.167.243.135
19710.167.243.136/3110.167.243.136 – 10.167.243.13710.167.243.137
19810.167.243.138/3110.167.243.138 – 10.167.243.13910.167.243.139
19910.167.243.140/3110.167.243.140 – 10.167.243.14110.167.243.141
20010.167.243.142/3110.167.243.142 – 10.167.243.14310.167.243.143
20110.167.243.144/3110.167.243.144 – 10.167.243.14510.167.243.145
20210.167.243.146/3110.167.243.146 – 10.167.243.14710.167.243.147
20310.167.243.148/3110.167.243.148 – 10.167.243.14910.167.243.149
20410.167.243.150/3110.167.243.150 – 10.167.243.15110.167.243.151
20510.167.243.152/3110.167.243.152 – 10.167.243.15310.167.243.153
20610.167.243.154/3110.167.243.154 – 10.167.243.15510.167.243.155
20710.167.243.156/3110.167.243.156 – 10.167.243.15710.167.243.157
20810.167.243.158/3110.167.243.158 – 10.167.243.15910.167.243.159
20910.167.243.160/3110.167.243.160 – 10.167.243.16110.167.243.161
21010.167.243.162/3110.167.243.162 – 10.167.243.16310.167.243.163
21110.167.243.164/3110.167.243.164 – 10.167.243.16510.167.243.165
21210.167.243.166/3110.167.243.166 – 10.167.243.16710.167.243.167
21310.167.243.168/3110.167.243.168 – 10.167.243.16910.167.243.169
21410.167.243.170/3110.167.243.170 – 10.167.243.17110.167.243.171
21510.167.243.172/3110.167.243.172 – 10.167.243.17310.167.243.173
21610.167.243.174/3110.167.243.174 – 10.167.243.17510.167.243.175
21710.167.243.176/3110.167.243.176 – 10.167.243.17710.167.243.177
21810.167.243.178/3110.167.243.178 – 10.167.243.17910.167.243.179
21910.167.243.180/3110.167.243.180 – 10.167.243.18110.167.243.181
22010.167.243.182/3110.167.243.182 – 10.167.243.18310.167.243.183
22110.167.243.184/3110.167.243.184 – 10.167.243.18510.167.243.185
22210.167.243.186/3110.167.243.186 – 10.167.243.18710.167.243.187
22310.167.243.188/3110.167.243.188 – 10.167.243.18910.167.243.189
22410.167.243.190/3110.167.243.190 – 10.167.243.19110.167.243.191
22510.167.243.192/3110.167.243.192 – 10.167.243.19310.167.243.193
22610.167.243.194/3110.167.243.194 – 10.167.243.19510.167.243.195
22710.167.243.196/3110.167.243.196 – 10.167.243.19710.167.243.197
22810.167.243.198/3110.167.243.198 – 10.167.243.19910.167.243.199
22910.167.243.200/3110.167.243.200 – 10.167.243.20110.167.243.201
23010.167.243.202/3110.167.243.202 – 10.167.243.20310.167.243.203
23110.167.243.204/3110.167.243.204 – 10.167.243.20510.167.243.205
23210.167.243.206/3110.167.243.206 – 10.167.243.20710.167.243.207
23310.167.243.208/3110.167.243.208 – 10.167.243.20910.167.243.209
23410.167.243.210/3110.167.243.210 – 10.167.243.21110.167.243.211
23510.167.243.212/3110.167.243.212 – 10.167.243.21310.167.243.213
23610.167.243.214/3110.167.243.214 – 10.167.243.21510.167.243.215
23710.167.243.216/3110.167.243.216 – 10.167.243.21710.167.243.217
23810.167.243.218/3110.167.243.218 – 10.167.243.21910.167.243.219
23910.167.243.220/3110.167.243.220 – 10.167.243.22110.167.243.221
24010.167.243.222/3110.167.243.222 – 10.167.243.22310.167.243.223
24110.167.243.224/3110.167.243.224 – 10.167.243.22510.167.243.225
24210.167.243.226/3110.167.243.226 – 10.167.243.22710.167.243.227
24310.167.243.228/3110.167.243.228 – 10.167.243.22910.167.243.229
24410.167.243.230/3110.167.243.230 – 10.167.243.23110.167.243.231
24510.167.243.232/3110.167.243.232 – 10.167.243.23310.167.243.233
24610.167.243.234/3110.167.243.234 – 10.167.243.23510.167.243.235
24710.167.243.236/3110.167.243.236 – 10.167.243.23710.167.243.237
24810.167.243.238/3110.167.243.238 – 10.167.243.23910.167.243.239
24910.167.243.240/3110.167.243.240 – 10.167.243.24110.167.243.241
25010.167.243.242/3110.167.243.242 – 10.167.243.24310.167.243.243
25110.167.243.244/3110.167.243.244 – 10.167.243.24510.167.243.245
25210.167.243.246/3110.167.243.246 – 10.167.243.24710.167.243.247
25310.167.243.248/3110.167.243.248 – 10.167.243.24910.167.243.249
25410.167.243.250/3110.167.243.250 – 10.167.243.25110.167.243.251
25510.167.243.252/3110.167.243.252 – 10.167.243.25310.167.243.253
25610.167.243.254/3110.167.243.254 – 10.167.243.25510.167.243.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →