ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.221.0/24
network10.167.221.0/24
broadcast10.167.221.255
first host10.167.221.1
last host10.167.221.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.167.221.0/24
address00001010.10100111.11011101.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.10100111.11011101.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.11011101.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa7dd00
decimal178773248
reverse dns0.221.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:dd00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.221.0/3210.167.221.0 – 10.167.221.010.167.221.0
210.167.221.1/3210.167.221.1 – 10.167.221.110.167.221.1
310.167.221.2/3210.167.221.2 – 10.167.221.210.167.221.2
410.167.221.3/3210.167.221.3 – 10.167.221.310.167.221.3
510.167.221.4/3210.167.221.4 – 10.167.221.410.167.221.4
610.167.221.5/3210.167.221.5 – 10.167.221.510.167.221.5
710.167.221.6/3210.167.221.6 – 10.167.221.610.167.221.6
810.167.221.7/3210.167.221.7 – 10.167.221.710.167.221.7
910.167.221.8/3210.167.221.8 – 10.167.221.810.167.221.8
1010.167.221.9/3210.167.221.9 – 10.167.221.910.167.221.9
1110.167.221.10/3210.167.221.10 – 10.167.221.1010.167.221.10
1210.167.221.11/3210.167.221.11 – 10.167.221.1110.167.221.11
1310.167.221.12/3210.167.221.12 – 10.167.221.1210.167.221.12
1410.167.221.13/3210.167.221.13 – 10.167.221.1310.167.221.13
1510.167.221.14/3210.167.221.14 – 10.167.221.1410.167.221.14
1610.167.221.15/3210.167.221.15 – 10.167.221.1510.167.221.15
1710.167.221.16/3210.167.221.16 – 10.167.221.1610.167.221.16
1810.167.221.17/3210.167.221.17 – 10.167.221.1710.167.221.17
1910.167.221.18/3210.167.221.18 – 10.167.221.1810.167.221.18
2010.167.221.19/3210.167.221.19 – 10.167.221.1910.167.221.19
2110.167.221.20/3210.167.221.20 – 10.167.221.2010.167.221.20
2210.167.221.21/3210.167.221.21 – 10.167.221.2110.167.221.21
2310.167.221.22/3210.167.221.22 – 10.167.221.2210.167.221.22
2410.167.221.23/3210.167.221.23 – 10.167.221.2310.167.221.23
2510.167.221.24/3210.167.221.24 – 10.167.221.2410.167.221.24
2610.167.221.25/3210.167.221.25 – 10.167.221.2510.167.221.25
2710.167.221.26/3210.167.221.26 – 10.167.221.2610.167.221.26
2810.167.221.27/3210.167.221.27 – 10.167.221.2710.167.221.27
2910.167.221.28/3210.167.221.28 – 10.167.221.2810.167.221.28
3010.167.221.29/3210.167.221.29 – 10.167.221.2910.167.221.29
3110.167.221.30/3210.167.221.30 – 10.167.221.3010.167.221.30
3210.167.221.31/3210.167.221.31 – 10.167.221.3110.167.221.31
3310.167.221.32/3210.167.221.32 – 10.167.221.3210.167.221.32
3410.167.221.33/3210.167.221.33 – 10.167.221.3310.167.221.33
3510.167.221.34/3210.167.221.34 – 10.167.221.3410.167.221.34
3610.167.221.35/3210.167.221.35 – 10.167.221.3510.167.221.35
3710.167.221.36/3210.167.221.36 – 10.167.221.3610.167.221.36
3810.167.221.37/3210.167.221.37 – 10.167.221.3710.167.221.37
3910.167.221.38/3210.167.221.38 – 10.167.221.3810.167.221.38
4010.167.221.39/3210.167.221.39 – 10.167.221.3910.167.221.39
4110.167.221.40/3210.167.221.40 – 10.167.221.4010.167.221.40
4210.167.221.41/3210.167.221.41 – 10.167.221.4110.167.221.41
4310.167.221.42/3210.167.221.42 – 10.167.221.4210.167.221.42
4410.167.221.43/3210.167.221.43 – 10.167.221.4310.167.221.43
4510.167.221.44/3210.167.221.44 – 10.167.221.4410.167.221.44
4610.167.221.45/3210.167.221.45 – 10.167.221.4510.167.221.45
4710.167.221.46/3210.167.221.46 – 10.167.221.4610.167.221.46
4810.167.221.47/3210.167.221.47 – 10.167.221.4710.167.221.47
4910.167.221.48/3210.167.221.48 – 10.167.221.4810.167.221.48
5010.167.221.49/3210.167.221.49 – 10.167.221.4910.167.221.49
5110.167.221.50/3210.167.221.50 – 10.167.221.5010.167.221.50
5210.167.221.51/3210.167.221.51 – 10.167.221.5110.167.221.51
5310.167.221.52/3210.167.221.52 – 10.167.221.5210.167.221.52
5410.167.221.53/3210.167.221.53 – 10.167.221.5310.167.221.53
5510.167.221.54/3210.167.221.54 – 10.167.221.5410.167.221.54
5610.167.221.55/3210.167.221.55 – 10.167.221.5510.167.221.55
5710.167.221.56/3210.167.221.56 – 10.167.221.5610.167.221.56
5810.167.221.57/3210.167.221.57 – 10.167.221.5710.167.221.57
5910.167.221.58/3210.167.221.58 – 10.167.221.5810.167.221.58
6010.167.221.59/3210.167.221.59 – 10.167.221.5910.167.221.59
6110.167.221.60/3210.167.221.60 – 10.167.221.6010.167.221.60
6210.167.221.61/3210.167.221.61 – 10.167.221.6110.167.221.61
6310.167.221.62/3210.167.221.62 – 10.167.221.6210.167.221.62
6410.167.221.63/3210.167.221.63 – 10.167.221.6310.167.221.63
6510.167.221.64/3210.167.221.64 – 10.167.221.6410.167.221.64
6610.167.221.65/3210.167.221.65 – 10.167.221.6510.167.221.65
6710.167.221.66/3210.167.221.66 – 10.167.221.6610.167.221.66
6810.167.221.67/3210.167.221.67 – 10.167.221.6710.167.221.67
6910.167.221.68/3210.167.221.68 – 10.167.221.6810.167.221.68
7010.167.221.69/3210.167.221.69 – 10.167.221.6910.167.221.69
7110.167.221.70/3210.167.221.70 – 10.167.221.7010.167.221.70
7210.167.221.71/3210.167.221.71 – 10.167.221.7110.167.221.71
7310.167.221.72/3210.167.221.72 – 10.167.221.7210.167.221.72
7410.167.221.73/3210.167.221.73 – 10.167.221.7310.167.221.73
7510.167.221.74/3210.167.221.74 – 10.167.221.7410.167.221.74
7610.167.221.75/3210.167.221.75 – 10.167.221.7510.167.221.75
7710.167.221.76/3210.167.221.76 – 10.167.221.7610.167.221.76
7810.167.221.77/3210.167.221.77 – 10.167.221.7710.167.221.77
7910.167.221.78/3210.167.221.78 – 10.167.221.7810.167.221.78
8010.167.221.79/3210.167.221.79 – 10.167.221.7910.167.221.79
8110.167.221.80/3210.167.221.80 – 10.167.221.8010.167.221.80
8210.167.221.81/3210.167.221.81 – 10.167.221.8110.167.221.81
8310.167.221.82/3210.167.221.82 – 10.167.221.8210.167.221.82
8410.167.221.83/3210.167.221.83 – 10.167.221.8310.167.221.83
8510.167.221.84/3210.167.221.84 – 10.167.221.8410.167.221.84
8610.167.221.85/3210.167.221.85 – 10.167.221.8510.167.221.85
8710.167.221.86/3210.167.221.86 – 10.167.221.8610.167.221.86
8810.167.221.87/3210.167.221.87 – 10.167.221.8710.167.221.87
8910.167.221.88/3210.167.221.88 – 10.167.221.8810.167.221.88
9010.167.221.89/3210.167.221.89 – 10.167.221.8910.167.221.89
9110.167.221.90/3210.167.221.90 – 10.167.221.9010.167.221.90
9210.167.221.91/3210.167.221.91 – 10.167.221.9110.167.221.91
9310.167.221.92/3210.167.221.92 – 10.167.221.9210.167.221.92
9410.167.221.93/3210.167.221.93 – 10.167.221.9310.167.221.93
9510.167.221.94/3210.167.221.94 – 10.167.221.9410.167.221.94
9610.167.221.95/3210.167.221.95 – 10.167.221.9510.167.221.95
9710.167.221.96/3210.167.221.96 – 10.167.221.9610.167.221.96
9810.167.221.97/3210.167.221.97 – 10.167.221.9710.167.221.97
9910.167.221.98/3210.167.221.98 – 10.167.221.9810.167.221.98
10010.167.221.99/3210.167.221.99 – 10.167.221.9910.167.221.99
10110.167.221.100/3210.167.221.100 – 10.167.221.10010.167.221.100
10210.167.221.101/3210.167.221.101 – 10.167.221.10110.167.221.101
10310.167.221.102/3210.167.221.102 – 10.167.221.10210.167.221.102
10410.167.221.103/3210.167.221.103 – 10.167.221.10310.167.221.103
10510.167.221.104/3210.167.221.104 – 10.167.221.10410.167.221.104
10610.167.221.105/3210.167.221.105 – 10.167.221.10510.167.221.105
10710.167.221.106/3210.167.221.106 – 10.167.221.10610.167.221.106
10810.167.221.107/3210.167.221.107 – 10.167.221.10710.167.221.107
10910.167.221.108/3210.167.221.108 – 10.167.221.10810.167.221.108
11010.167.221.109/3210.167.221.109 – 10.167.221.10910.167.221.109
11110.167.221.110/3210.167.221.110 – 10.167.221.11010.167.221.110
11210.167.221.111/3210.167.221.111 – 10.167.221.11110.167.221.111
11310.167.221.112/3210.167.221.112 – 10.167.221.11210.167.221.112
11410.167.221.113/3210.167.221.113 – 10.167.221.11310.167.221.113
11510.167.221.114/3210.167.221.114 – 10.167.221.11410.167.221.114
11610.167.221.115/3210.167.221.115 – 10.167.221.11510.167.221.115
11710.167.221.116/3210.167.221.116 – 10.167.221.11610.167.221.116
11810.167.221.117/3210.167.221.117 – 10.167.221.11710.167.221.117
11910.167.221.118/3210.167.221.118 – 10.167.221.11810.167.221.118
12010.167.221.119/3210.167.221.119 – 10.167.221.11910.167.221.119
12110.167.221.120/3210.167.221.120 – 10.167.221.12010.167.221.120
12210.167.221.121/3210.167.221.121 – 10.167.221.12110.167.221.121
12310.167.221.122/3210.167.221.122 – 10.167.221.12210.167.221.122
12410.167.221.123/3210.167.221.123 – 10.167.221.12310.167.221.123
12510.167.221.124/3210.167.221.124 – 10.167.221.12410.167.221.124
12610.167.221.125/3210.167.221.125 – 10.167.221.12510.167.221.125
12710.167.221.126/3210.167.221.126 – 10.167.221.12610.167.221.126
12810.167.221.127/3210.167.221.127 – 10.167.221.12710.167.221.127
12910.167.221.128/3210.167.221.128 – 10.167.221.12810.167.221.128
13010.167.221.129/3210.167.221.129 – 10.167.221.12910.167.221.129
13110.167.221.130/3210.167.221.130 – 10.167.221.13010.167.221.130
13210.167.221.131/3210.167.221.131 – 10.167.221.13110.167.221.131
13310.167.221.132/3210.167.221.132 – 10.167.221.13210.167.221.132
13410.167.221.133/3210.167.221.133 – 10.167.221.13310.167.221.133
13510.167.221.134/3210.167.221.134 – 10.167.221.13410.167.221.134
13610.167.221.135/3210.167.221.135 – 10.167.221.13510.167.221.135
13710.167.221.136/3210.167.221.136 – 10.167.221.13610.167.221.136
13810.167.221.137/3210.167.221.137 – 10.167.221.13710.167.221.137
13910.167.221.138/3210.167.221.138 – 10.167.221.13810.167.221.138
14010.167.221.139/3210.167.221.139 – 10.167.221.13910.167.221.139
14110.167.221.140/3210.167.221.140 – 10.167.221.14010.167.221.140
14210.167.221.141/3210.167.221.141 – 10.167.221.14110.167.221.141
14310.167.221.142/3210.167.221.142 – 10.167.221.14210.167.221.142
14410.167.221.143/3210.167.221.143 – 10.167.221.14310.167.221.143
14510.167.221.144/3210.167.221.144 – 10.167.221.14410.167.221.144
14610.167.221.145/3210.167.221.145 – 10.167.221.14510.167.221.145
14710.167.221.146/3210.167.221.146 – 10.167.221.14610.167.221.146
14810.167.221.147/3210.167.221.147 – 10.167.221.14710.167.221.147
14910.167.221.148/3210.167.221.148 – 10.167.221.14810.167.221.148
15010.167.221.149/3210.167.221.149 – 10.167.221.14910.167.221.149
15110.167.221.150/3210.167.221.150 – 10.167.221.15010.167.221.150
15210.167.221.151/3210.167.221.151 – 10.167.221.15110.167.221.151
15310.167.221.152/3210.167.221.152 – 10.167.221.15210.167.221.152
15410.167.221.153/3210.167.221.153 – 10.167.221.15310.167.221.153
15510.167.221.154/3210.167.221.154 – 10.167.221.15410.167.221.154
15610.167.221.155/3210.167.221.155 – 10.167.221.15510.167.221.155
15710.167.221.156/3210.167.221.156 – 10.167.221.15610.167.221.156
15810.167.221.157/3210.167.221.157 – 10.167.221.15710.167.221.157
15910.167.221.158/3210.167.221.158 – 10.167.221.15810.167.221.158
16010.167.221.159/3210.167.221.159 – 10.167.221.15910.167.221.159
16110.167.221.160/3210.167.221.160 – 10.167.221.16010.167.221.160
16210.167.221.161/3210.167.221.161 – 10.167.221.16110.167.221.161
16310.167.221.162/3210.167.221.162 – 10.167.221.16210.167.221.162
16410.167.221.163/3210.167.221.163 – 10.167.221.16310.167.221.163
16510.167.221.164/3210.167.221.164 – 10.167.221.16410.167.221.164
16610.167.221.165/3210.167.221.165 – 10.167.221.16510.167.221.165
16710.167.221.166/3210.167.221.166 – 10.167.221.16610.167.221.166
16810.167.221.167/3210.167.221.167 – 10.167.221.16710.167.221.167
16910.167.221.168/3210.167.221.168 – 10.167.221.16810.167.221.168
17010.167.221.169/3210.167.221.169 – 10.167.221.16910.167.221.169
17110.167.221.170/3210.167.221.170 – 10.167.221.17010.167.221.170
17210.167.221.171/3210.167.221.171 – 10.167.221.17110.167.221.171
17310.167.221.172/3210.167.221.172 – 10.167.221.17210.167.221.172
17410.167.221.173/3210.167.221.173 – 10.167.221.17310.167.221.173
17510.167.221.174/3210.167.221.174 – 10.167.221.17410.167.221.174
17610.167.221.175/3210.167.221.175 – 10.167.221.17510.167.221.175
17710.167.221.176/3210.167.221.176 – 10.167.221.17610.167.221.176
17810.167.221.177/3210.167.221.177 – 10.167.221.17710.167.221.177
17910.167.221.178/3210.167.221.178 – 10.167.221.17810.167.221.178
18010.167.221.179/3210.167.221.179 – 10.167.221.17910.167.221.179
18110.167.221.180/3210.167.221.180 – 10.167.221.18010.167.221.180
18210.167.221.181/3210.167.221.181 – 10.167.221.18110.167.221.181
18310.167.221.182/3210.167.221.182 – 10.167.221.18210.167.221.182
18410.167.221.183/3210.167.221.183 – 10.167.221.18310.167.221.183
18510.167.221.184/3210.167.221.184 – 10.167.221.18410.167.221.184
18610.167.221.185/3210.167.221.185 – 10.167.221.18510.167.221.185
18710.167.221.186/3210.167.221.186 – 10.167.221.18610.167.221.186
18810.167.221.187/3210.167.221.187 – 10.167.221.18710.167.221.187
18910.167.221.188/3210.167.221.188 – 10.167.221.18810.167.221.188
19010.167.221.189/3210.167.221.189 – 10.167.221.18910.167.221.189
19110.167.221.190/3210.167.221.190 – 10.167.221.19010.167.221.190
19210.167.221.191/3210.167.221.191 – 10.167.221.19110.167.221.191
19310.167.221.192/3210.167.221.192 – 10.167.221.19210.167.221.192
19410.167.221.193/3210.167.221.193 – 10.167.221.19310.167.221.193
19510.167.221.194/3210.167.221.194 – 10.167.221.19410.167.221.194
19610.167.221.195/3210.167.221.195 – 10.167.221.19510.167.221.195
19710.167.221.196/3210.167.221.196 – 10.167.221.19610.167.221.196
19810.167.221.197/3210.167.221.197 – 10.167.221.19710.167.221.197
19910.167.221.198/3210.167.221.198 – 10.167.221.19810.167.221.198
20010.167.221.199/3210.167.221.199 – 10.167.221.19910.167.221.199
20110.167.221.200/3210.167.221.200 – 10.167.221.20010.167.221.200
20210.167.221.201/3210.167.221.201 – 10.167.221.20110.167.221.201
20310.167.221.202/3210.167.221.202 – 10.167.221.20210.167.221.202
20410.167.221.203/3210.167.221.203 – 10.167.221.20310.167.221.203
20510.167.221.204/3210.167.221.204 – 10.167.221.20410.167.221.204
20610.167.221.205/3210.167.221.205 – 10.167.221.20510.167.221.205
20710.167.221.206/3210.167.221.206 – 10.167.221.20610.167.221.206
20810.167.221.207/3210.167.221.207 – 10.167.221.20710.167.221.207
20910.167.221.208/3210.167.221.208 – 10.167.221.20810.167.221.208
21010.167.221.209/3210.167.221.209 – 10.167.221.20910.167.221.209
21110.167.221.210/3210.167.221.210 – 10.167.221.21010.167.221.210
21210.167.221.211/3210.167.221.211 – 10.167.221.21110.167.221.211
21310.167.221.212/3210.167.221.212 – 10.167.221.21210.167.221.212
21410.167.221.213/3210.167.221.213 – 10.167.221.21310.167.221.213
21510.167.221.214/3210.167.221.214 – 10.167.221.21410.167.221.214
21610.167.221.215/3210.167.221.215 – 10.167.221.21510.167.221.215
21710.167.221.216/3210.167.221.216 – 10.167.221.21610.167.221.216
21810.167.221.217/3210.167.221.217 – 10.167.221.21710.167.221.217
21910.167.221.218/3210.167.221.218 – 10.167.221.21810.167.221.218
22010.167.221.219/3210.167.221.219 – 10.167.221.21910.167.221.219
22110.167.221.220/3210.167.221.220 – 10.167.221.22010.167.221.220
22210.167.221.221/3210.167.221.221 – 10.167.221.22110.167.221.221
22310.167.221.222/3210.167.221.222 – 10.167.221.22210.167.221.222
22410.167.221.223/3210.167.221.223 – 10.167.221.22310.167.221.223
22510.167.221.224/3210.167.221.224 – 10.167.221.22410.167.221.224
22610.167.221.225/3210.167.221.225 – 10.167.221.22510.167.221.225
22710.167.221.226/3210.167.221.226 – 10.167.221.22610.167.221.226
22810.167.221.227/3210.167.221.227 – 10.167.221.22710.167.221.227
22910.167.221.228/3210.167.221.228 – 10.167.221.22810.167.221.228
23010.167.221.229/3210.167.221.229 – 10.167.221.22910.167.221.229
23110.167.221.230/3210.167.221.230 – 10.167.221.23010.167.221.230
23210.167.221.231/3210.167.221.231 – 10.167.221.23110.167.221.231
23310.167.221.232/3210.167.221.232 – 10.167.221.23210.167.221.232
23410.167.221.233/3210.167.221.233 – 10.167.221.23310.167.221.233
23510.167.221.234/3210.167.221.234 – 10.167.221.23410.167.221.234
23610.167.221.235/3210.167.221.235 – 10.167.221.23510.167.221.235
23710.167.221.236/3210.167.221.236 – 10.167.221.23610.167.221.236
23810.167.221.237/3210.167.221.237 – 10.167.221.23710.167.221.237
23910.167.221.238/3210.167.221.238 – 10.167.221.23810.167.221.238
24010.167.221.239/3210.167.221.239 – 10.167.221.23910.167.221.239
24110.167.221.240/3210.167.221.240 – 10.167.221.24010.167.221.240
24210.167.221.241/3210.167.221.241 – 10.167.221.24110.167.221.241
24310.167.221.242/3210.167.221.242 – 10.167.221.24210.167.221.242
24410.167.221.243/3210.167.221.243 – 10.167.221.24310.167.221.243
24510.167.221.244/3210.167.221.244 – 10.167.221.24410.167.221.244
24610.167.221.245/3210.167.221.245 – 10.167.221.24510.167.221.245
24710.167.221.246/3210.167.221.246 – 10.167.221.24610.167.221.246
24810.167.221.247/3210.167.221.247 – 10.167.221.24710.167.221.247
24910.167.221.248/3210.167.221.248 – 10.167.221.24810.167.221.248
25010.167.221.249/3210.167.221.249 – 10.167.221.24910.167.221.249
25110.167.221.250/3210.167.221.250 – 10.167.221.25010.167.221.250
25210.167.221.251/3210.167.221.251 – 10.167.221.25110.167.221.251
25310.167.221.252/3210.167.221.252 – 10.167.221.25210.167.221.252
25410.167.221.253/3210.167.221.253 – 10.167.221.25310.167.221.253
25510.167.221.254/3210.167.221.254 – 10.167.221.25410.167.221.254
25610.167.221.255/3210.167.221.255 – 10.167.221.25510.167.221.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →