ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.206.0/24
network10.167.206.0/24
broadcast10.167.206.255
first host10.167.206.1
last host10.167.206.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.167.206.0/24
address00001010.10100111.11001110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.10100111.11001110.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.11001110.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa7ce00
decimal178769408
reverse dns0.206.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:ce00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.206.0/3210.167.206.0 – 10.167.206.010.167.206.0
210.167.206.1/3210.167.206.1 – 10.167.206.110.167.206.1
310.167.206.2/3210.167.206.2 – 10.167.206.210.167.206.2
410.167.206.3/3210.167.206.3 – 10.167.206.310.167.206.3
510.167.206.4/3210.167.206.4 – 10.167.206.410.167.206.4
610.167.206.5/3210.167.206.5 – 10.167.206.510.167.206.5
710.167.206.6/3210.167.206.6 – 10.167.206.610.167.206.6
810.167.206.7/3210.167.206.7 – 10.167.206.710.167.206.7
910.167.206.8/3210.167.206.8 – 10.167.206.810.167.206.8
1010.167.206.9/3210.167.206.9 – 10.167.206.910.167.206.9
1110.167.206.10/3210.167.206.10 – 10.167.206.1010.167.206.10
1210.167.206.11/3210.167.206.11 – 10.167.206.1110.167.206.11
1310.167.206.12/3210.167.206.12 – 10.167.206.1210.167.206.12
1410.167.206.13/3210.167.206.13 – 10.167.206.1310.167.206.13
1510.167.206.14/3210.167.206.14 – 10.167.206.1410.167.206.14
1610.167.206.15/3210.167.206.15 – 10.167.206.1510.167.206.15
1710.167.206.16/3210.167.206.16 – 10.167.206.1610.167.206.16
1810.167.206.17/3210.167.206.17 – 10.167.206.1710.167.206.17
1910.167.206.18/3210.167.206.18 – 10.167.206.1810.167.206.18
2010.167.206.19/3210.167.206.19 – 10.167.206.1910.167.206.19
2110.167.206.20/3210.167.206.20 – 10.167.206.2010.167.206.20
2210.167.206.21/3210.167.206.21 – 10.167.206.2110.167.206.21
2310.167.206.22/3210.167.206.22 – 10.167.206.2210.167.206.22
2410.167.206.23/3210.167.206.23 – 10.167.206.2310.167.206.23
2510.167.206.24/3210.167.206.24 – 10.167.206.2410.167.206.24
2610.167.206.25/3210.167.206.25 – 10.167.206.2510.167.206.25
2710.167.206.26/3210.167.206.26 – 10.167.206.2610.167.206.26
2810.167.206.27/3210.167.206.27 – 10.167.206.2710.167.206.27
2910.167.206.28/3210.167.206.28 – 10.167.206.2810.167.206.28
3010.167.206.29/3210.167.206.29 – 10.167.206.2910.167.206.29
3110.167.206.30/3210.167.206.30 – 10.167.206.3010.167.206.30
3210.167.206.31/3210.167.206.31 – 10.167.206.3110.167.206.31
3310.167.206.32/3210.167.206.32 – 10.167.206.3210.167.206.32
3410.167.206.33/3210.167.206.33 – 10.167.206.3310.167.206.33
3510.167.206.34/3210.167.206.34 – 10.167.206.3410.167.206.34
3610.167.206.35/3210.167.206.35 – 10.167.206.3510.167.206.35
3710.167.206.36/3210.167.206.36 – 10.167.206.3610.167.206.36
3810.167.206.37/3210.167.206.37 – 10.167.206.3710.167.206.37
3910.167.206.38/3210.167.206.38 – 10.167.206.3810.167.206.38
4010.167.206.39/3210.167.206.39 – 10.167.206.3910.167.206.39
4110.167.206.40/3210.167.206.40 – 10.167.206.4010.167.206.40
4210.167.206.41/3210.167.206.41 – 10.167.206.4110.167.206.41
4310.167.206.42/3210.167.206.42 – 10.167.206.4210.167.206.42
4410.167.206.43/3210.167.206.43 – 10.167.206.4310.167.206.43
4510.167.206.44/3210.167.206.44 – 10.167.206.4410.167.206.44
4610.167.206.45/3210.167.206.45 – 10.167.206.4510.167.206.45
4710.167.206.46/3210.167.206.46 – 10.167.206.4610.167.206.46
4810.167.206.47/3210.167.206.47 – 10.167.206.4710.167.206.47
4910.167.206.48/3210.167.206.48 – 10.167.206.4810.167.206.48
5010.167.206.49/3210.167.206.49 – 10.167.206.4910.167.206.49
5110.167.206.50/3210.167.206.50 – 10.167.206.5010.167.206.50
5210.167.206.51/3210.167.206.51 – 10.167.206.5110.167.206.51
5310.167.206.52/3210.167.206.52 – 10.167.206.5210.167.206.52
5410.167.206.53/3210.167.206.53 – 10.167.206.5310.167.206.53
5510.167.206.54/3210.167.206.54 – 10.167.206.5410.167.206.54
5610.167.206.55/3210.167.206.55 – 10.167.206.5510.167.206.55
5710.167.206.56/3210.167.206.56 – 10.167.206.5610.167.206.56
5810.167.206.57/3210.167.206.57 – 10.167.206.5710.167.206.57
5910.167.206.58/3210.167.206.58 – 10.167.206.5810.167.206.58
6010.167.206.59/3210.167.206.59 – 10.167.206.5910.167.206.59
6110.167.206.60/3210.167.206.60 – 10.167.206.6010.167.206.60
6210.167.206.61/3210.167.206.61 – 10.167.206.6110.167.206.61
6310.167.206.62/3210.167.206.62 – 10.167.206.6210.167.206.62
6410.167.206.63/3210.167.206.63 – 10.167.206.6310.167.206.63
6510.167.206.64/3210.167.206.64 – 10.167.206.6410.167.206.64
6610.167.206.65/3210.167.206.65 – 10.167.206.6510.167.206.65
6710.167.206.66/3210.167.206.66 – 10.167.206.6610.167.206.66
6810.167.206.67/3210.167.206.67 – 10.167.206.6710.167.206.67
6910.167.206.68/3210.167.206.68 – 10.167.206.6810.167.206.68
7010.167.206.69/3210.167.206.69 – 10.167.206.6910.167.206.69
7110.167.206.70/3210.167.206.70 – 10.167.206.7010.167.206.70
7210.167.206.71/3210.167.206.71 – 10.167.206.7110.167.206.71
7310.167.206.72/3210.167.206.72 – 10.167.206.7210.167.206.72
7410.167.206.73/3210.167.206.73 – 10.167.206.7310.167.206.73
7510.167.206.74/3210.167.206.74 – 10.167.206.7410.167.206.74
7610.167.206.75/3210.167.206.75 – 10.167.206.7510.167.206.75
7710.167.206.76/3210.167.206.76 – 10.167.206.7610.167.206.76
7810.167.206.77/3210.167.206.77 – 10.167.206.7710.167.206.77
7910.167.206.78/3210.167.206.78 – 10.167.206.7810.167.206.78
8010.167.206.79/3210.167.206.79 – 10.167.206.7910.167.206.79
8110.167.206.80/3210.167.206.80 – 10.167.206.8010.167.206.80
8210.167.206.81/3210.167.206.81 – 10.167.206.8110.167.206.81
8310.167.206.82/3210.167.206.82 – 10.167.206.8210.167.206.82
8410.167.206.83/3210.167.206.83 – 10.167.206.8310.167.206.83
8510.167.206.84/3210.167.206.84 – 10.167.206.8410.167.206.84
8610.167.206.85/3210.167.206.85 – 10.167.206.8510.167.206.85
8710.167.206.86/3210.167.206.86 – 10.167.206.8610.167.206.86
8810.167.206.87/3210.167.206.87 – 10.167.206.8710.167.206.87
8910.167.206.88/3210.167.206.88 – 10.167.206.8810.167.206.88
9010.167.206.89/3210.167.206.89 – 10.167.206.8910.167.206.89
9110.167.206.90/3210.167.206.90 – 10.167.206.9010.167.206.90
9210.167.206.91/3210.167.206.91 – 10.167.206.9110.167.206.91
9310.167.206.92/3210.167.206.92 – 10.167.206.9210.167.206.92
9410.167.206.93/3210.167.206.93 – 10.167.206.9310.167.206.93
9510.167.206.94/3210.167.206.94 – 10.167.206.9410.167.206.94
9610.167.206.95/3210.167.206.95 – 10.167.206.9510.167.206.95
9710.167.206.96/3210.167.206.96 – 10.167.206.9610.167.206.96
9810.167.206.97/3210.167.206.97 – 10.167.206.9710.167.206.97
9910.167.206.98/3210.167.206.98 – 10.167.206.9810.167.206.98
10010.167.206.99/3210.167.206.99 – 10.167.206.9910.167.206.99
10110.167.206.100/3210.167.206.100 – 10.167.206.10010.167.206.100
10210.167.206.101/3210.167.206.101 – 10.167.206.10110.167.206.101
10310.167.206.102/3210.167.206.102 – 10.167.206.10210.167.206.102
10410.167.206.103/3210.167.206.103 – 10.167.206.10310.167.206.103
10510.167.206.104/3210.167.206.104 – 10.167.206.10410.167.206.104
10610.167.206.105/3210.167.206.105 – 10.167.206.10510.167.206.105
10710.167.206.106/3210.167.206.106 – 10.167.206.10610.167.206.106
10810.167.206.107/3210.167.206.107 – 10.167.206.10710.167.206.107
10910.167.206.108/3210.167.206.108 – 10.167.206.10810.167.206.108
11010.167.206.109/3210.167.206.109 – 10.167.206.10910.167.206.109
11110.167.206.110/3210.167.206.110 – 10.167.206.11010.167.206.110
11210.167.206.111/3210.167.206.111 – 10.167.206.11110.167.206.111
11310.167.206.112/3210.167.206.112 – 10.167.206.11210.167.206.112
11410.167.206.113/3210.167.206.113 – 10.167.206.11310.167.206.113
11510.167.206.114/3210.167.206.114 – 10.167.206.11410.167.206.114
11610.167.206.115/3210.167.206.115 – 10.167.206.11510.167.206.115
11710.167.206.116/3210.167.206.116 – 10.167.206.11610.167.206.116
11810.167.206.117/3210.167.206.117 – 10.167.206.11710.167.206.117
11910.167.206.118/3210.167.206.118 – 10.167.206.11810.167.206.118
12010.167.206.119/3210.167.206.119 – 10.167.206.11910.167.206.119
12110.167.206.120/3210.167.206.120 – 10.167.206.12010.167.206.120
12210.167.206.121/3210.167.206.121 – 10.167.206.12110.167.206.121
12310.167.206.122/3210.167.206.122 – 10.167.206.12210.167.206.122
12410.167.206.123/3210.167.206.123 – 10.167.206.12310.167.206.123
12510.167.206.124/3210.167.206.124 – 10.167.206.12410.167.206.124
12610.167.206.125/3210.167.206.125 – 10.167.206.12510.167.206.125
12710.167.206.126/3210.167.206.126 – 10.167.206.12610.167.206.126
12810.167.206.127/3210.167.206.127 – 10.167.206.12710.167.206.127
12910.167.206.128/3210.167.206.128 – 10.167.206.12810.167.206.128
13010.167.206.129/3210.167.206.129 – 10.167.206.12910.167.206.129
13110.167.206.130/3210.167.206.130 – 10.167.206.13010.167.206.130
13210.167.206.131/3210.167.206.131 – 10.167.206.13110.167.206.131
13310.167.206.132/3210.167.206.132 – 10.167.206.13210.167.206.132
13410.167.206.133/3210.167.206.133 – 10.167.206.13310.167.206.133
13510.167.206.134/3210.167.206.134 – 10.167.206.13410.167.206.134
13610.167.206.135/3210.167.206.135 – 10.167.206.13510.167.206.135
13710.167.206.136/3210.167.206.136 – 10.167.206.13610.167.206.136
13810.167.206.137/3210.167.206.137 – 10.167.206.13710.167.206.137
13910.167.206.138/3210.167.206.138 – 10.167.206.13810.167.206.138
14010.167.206.139/3210.167.206.139 – 10.167.206.13910.167.206.139
14110.167.206.140/3210.167.206.140 – 10.167.206.14010.167.206.140
14210.167.206.141/3210.167.206.141 – 10.167.206.14110.167.206.141
14310.167.206.142/3210.167.206.142 – 10.167.206.14210.167.206.142
14410.167.206.143/3210.167.206.143 – 10.167.206.14310.167.206.143
14510.167.206.144/3210.167.206.144 – 10.167.206.14410.167.206.144
14610.167.206.145/3210.167.206.145 – 10.167.206.14510.167.206.145
14710.167.206.146/3210.167.206.146 – 10.167.206.14610.167.206.146
14810.167.206.147/3210.167.206.147 – 10.167.206.14710.167.206.147
14910.167.206.148/3210.167.206.148 – 10.167.206.14810.167.206.148
15010.167.206.149/3210.167.206.149 – 10.167.206.14910.167.206.149
15110.167.206.150/3210.167.206.150 – 10.167.206.15010.167.206.150
15210.167.206.151/3210.167.206.151 – 10.167.206.15110.167.206.151
15310.167.206.152/3210.167.206.152 – 10.167.206.15210.167.206.152
15410.167.206.153/3210.167.206.153 – 10.167.206.15310.167.206.153
15510.167.206.154/3210.167.206.154 – 10.167.206.15410.167.206.154
15610.167.206.155/3210.167.206.155 – 10.167.206.15510.167.206.155
15710.167.206.156/3210.167.206.156 – 10.167.206.15610.167.206.156
15810.167.206.157/3210.167.206.157 – 10.167.206.15710.167.206.157
15910.167.206.158/3210.167.206.158 – 10.167.206.15810.167.206.158
16010.167.206.159/3210.167.206.159 – 10.167.206.15910.167.206.159
16110.167.206.160/3210.167.206.160 – 10.167.206.16010.167.206.160
16210.167.206.161/3210.167.206.161 – 10.167.206.16110.167.206.161
16310.167.206.162/3210.167.206.162 – 10.167.206.16210.167.206.162
16410.167.206.163/3210.167.206.163 – 10.167.206.16310.167.206.163
16510.167.206.164/3210.167.206.164 – 10.167.206.16410.167.206.164
16610.167.206.165/3210.167.206.165 – 10.167.206.16510.167.206.165
16710.167.206.166/3210.167.206.166 – 10.167.206.16610.167.206.166
16810.167.206.167/3210.167.206.167 – 10.167.206.16710.167.206.167
16910.167.206.168/3210.167.206.168 – 10.167.206.16810.167.206.168
17010.167.206.169/3210.167.206.169 – 10.167.206.16910.167.206.169
17110.167.206.170/3210.167.206.170 – 10.167.206.17010.167.206.170
17210.167.206.171/3210.167.206.171 – 10.167.206.17110.167.206.171
17310.167.206.172/3210.167.206.172 – 10.167.206.17210.167.206.172
17410.167.206.173/3210.167.206.173 – 10.167.206.17310.167.206.173
17510.167.206.174/3210.167.206.174 – 10.167.206.17410.167.206.174
17610.167.206.175/3210.167.206.175 – 10.167.206.17510.167.206.175
17710.167.206.176/3210.167.206.176 – 10.167.206.17610.167.206.176
17810.167.206.177/3210.167.206.177 – 10.167.206.17710.167.206.177
17910.167.206.178/3210.167.206.178 – 10.167.206.17810.167.206.178
18010.167.206.179/3210.167.206.179 – 10.167.206.17910.167.206.179
18110.167.206.180/3210.167.206.180 – 10.167.206.18010.167.206.180
18210.167.206.181/3210.167.206.181 – 10.167.206.18110.167.206.181
18310.167.206.182/3210.167.206.182 – 10.167.206.18210.167.206.182
18410.167.206.183/3210.167.206.183 – 10.167.206.18310.167.206.183
18510.167.206.184/3210.167.206.184 – 10.167.206.18410.167.206.184
18610.167.206.185/3210.167.206.185 – 10.167.206.18510.167.206.185
18710.167.206.186/3210.167.206.186 – 10.167.206.18610.167.206.186
18810.167.206.187/3210.167.206.187 – 10.167.206.18710.167.206.187
18910.167.206.188/3210.167.206.188 – 10.167.206.18810.167.206.188
19010.167.206.189/3210.167.206.189 – 10.167.206.18910.167.206.189
19110.167.206.190/3210.167.206.190 – 10.167.206.19010.167.206.190
19210.167.206.191/3210.167.206.191 – 10.167.206.19110.167.206.191
19310.167.206.192/3210.167.206.192 – 10.167.206.19210.167.206.192
19410.167.206.193/3210.167.206.193 – 10.167.206.19310.167.206.193
19510.167.206.194/3210.167.206.194 – 10.167.206.19410.167.206.194
19610.167.206.195/3210.167.206.195 – 10.167.206.19510.167.206.195
19710.167.206.196/3210.167.206.196 – 10.167.206.19610.167.206.196
19810.167.206.197/3210.167.206.197 – 10.167.206.19710.167.206.197
19910.167.206.198/3210.167.206.198 – 10.167.206.19810.167.206.198
20010.167.206.199/3210.167.206.199 – 10.167.206.19910.167.206.199
20110.167.206.200/3210.167.206.200 – 10.167.206.20010.167.206.200
20210.167.206.201/3210.167.206.201 – 10.167.206.20110.167.206.201
20310.167.206.202/3210.167.206.202 – 10.167.206.20210.167.206.202
20410.167.206.203/3210.167.206.203 – 10.167.206.20310.167.206.203
20510.167.206.204/3210.167.206.204 – 10.167.206.20410.167.206.204
20610.167.206.205/3210.167.206.205 – 10.167.206.20510.167.206.205
20710.167.206.206/3210.167.206.206 – 10.167.206.20610.167.206.206
20810.167.206.207/3210.167.206.207 – 10.167.206.20710.167.206.207
20910.167.206.208/3210.167.206.208 – 10.167.206.20810.167.206.208
21010.167.206.209/3210.167.206.209 – 10.167.206.20910.167.206.209
21110.167.206.210/3210.167.206.210 – 10.167.206.21010.167.206.210
21210.167.206.211/3210.167.206.211 – 10.167.206.21110.167.206.211
21310.167.206.212/3210.167.206.212 – 10.167.206.21210.167.206.212
21410.167.206.213/3210.167.206.213 – 10.167.206.21310.167.206.213
21510.167.206.214/3210.167.206.214 – 10.167.206.21410.167.206.214
21610.167.206.215/3210.167.206.215 – 10.167.206.21510.167.206.215
21710.167.206.216/3210.167.206.216 – 10.167.206.21610.167.206.216
21810.167.206.217/3210.167.206.217 – 10.167.206.21710.167.206.217
21910.167.206.218/3210.167.206.218 – 10.167.206.21810.167.206.218
22010.167.206.219/3210.167.206.219 – 10.167.206.21910.167.206.219
22110.167.206.220/3210.167.206.220 – 10.167.206.22010.167.206.220
22210.167.206.221/3210.167.206.221 – 10.167.206.22110.167.206.221
22310.167.206.222/3210.167.206.222 – 10.167.206.22210.167.206.222
22410.167.206.223/3210.167.206.223 – 10.167.206.22310.167.206.223
22510.167.206.224/3210.167.206.224 – 10.167.206.22410.167.206.224
22610.167.206.225/3210.167.206.225 – 10.167.206.22510.167.206.225
22710.167.206.226/3210.167.206.226 – 10.167.206.22610.167.206.226
22810.167.206.227/3210.167.206.227 – 10.167.206.22710.167.206.227
22910.167.206.228/3210.167.206.228 – 10.167.206.22810.167.206.228
23010.167.206.229/3210.167.206.229 – 10.167.206.22910.167.206.229
23110.167.206.230/3210.167.206.230 – 10.167.206.23010.167.206.230
23210.167.206.231/3210.167.206.231 – 10.167.206.23110.167.206.231
23310.167.206.232/3210.167.206.232 – 10.167.206.23210.167.206.232
23410.167.206.233/3210.167.206.233 – 10.167.206.23310.167.206.233
23510.167.206.234/3210.167.206.234 – 10.167.206.23410.167.206.234
23610.167.206.235/3210.167.206.235 – 10.167.206.23510.167.206.235
23710.167.206.236/3210.167.206.236 – 10.167.206.23610.167.206.236
23810.167.206.237/3210.167.206.237 – 10.167.206.23710.167.206.237
23910.167.206.238/3210.167.206.238 – 10.167.206.23810.167.206.238
24010.167.206.239/3210.167.206.239 – 10.167.206.23910.167.206.239
24110.167.206.240/3210.167.206.240 – 10.167.206.24010.167.206.240
24210.167.206.241/3210.167.206.241 – 10.167.206.24110.167.206.241
24310.167.206.242/3210.167.206.242 – 10.167.206.24210.167.206.242
24410.167.206.243/3210.167.206.243 – 10.167.206.24310.167.206.243
24510.167.206.244/3210.167.206.244 – 10.167.206.24410.167.206.244
24610.167.206.245/3210.167.206.245 – 10.167.206.24510.167.206.245
24710.167.206.246/3210.167.206.246 – 10.167.206.24610.167.206.246
24810.167.206.247/3210.167.206.247 – 10.167.206.24710.167.206.247
24910.167.206.248/3210.167.206.248 – 10.167.206.24810.167.206.248
25010.167.206.249/3210.167.206.249 – 10.167.206.24910.167.206.249
25110.167.206.250/3210.167.206.250 – 10.167.206.25010.167.206.250
25210.167.206.251/3210.167.206.251 – 10.167.206.25110.167.206.251
25310.167.206.252/3210.167.206.252 – 10.167.206.25210.167.206.252
25410.167.206.253/3210.167.206.253 – 10.167.206.25310.167.206.253
25510.167.206.254/3210.167.206.254 – 10.167.206.25410.167.206.254
25610.167.206.255/3210.167.206.255 – 10.167.206.25510.167.206.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →