ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.203.0/24
network10.167.203.0/24
broadcast10.167.203.255
first host10.167.203.1
last host10.167.203.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.167.203.0/24
address00001010.10100111.11001011.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.10100111.11001011.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.11001011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa7cb00
decimal178768640
reverse dns0.203.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:cb00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.203.0/3210.167.203.0 – 10.167.203.010.167.203.0
210.167.203.1/3210.167.203.1 – 10.167.203.110.167.203.1
310.167.203.2/3210.167.203.2 – 10.167.203.210.167.203.2
410.167.203.3/3210.167.203.3 – 10.167.203.310.167.203.3
510.167.203.4/3210.167.203.4 – 10.167.203.410.167.203.4
610.167.203.5/3210.167.203.5 – 10.167.203.510.167.203.5
710.167.203.6/3210.167.203.6 – 10.167.203.610.167.203.6
810.167.203.7/3210.167.203.7 – 10.167.203.710.167.203.7
910.167.203.8/3210.167.203.8 – 10.167.203.810.167.203.8
1010.167.203.9/3210.167.203.9 – 10.167.203.910.167.203.9
1110.167.203.10/3210.167.203.10 – 10.167.203.1010.167.203.10
1210.167.203.11/3210.167.203.11 – 10.167.203.1110.167.203.11
1310.167.203.12/3210.167.203.12 – 10.167.203.1210.167.203.12
1410.167.203.13/3210.167.203.13 – 10.167.203.1310.167.203.13
1510.167.203.14/3210.167.203.14 – 10.167.203.1410.167.203.14
1610.167.203.15/3210.167.203.15 – 10.167.203.1510.167.203.15
1710.167.203.16/3210.167.203.16 – 10.167.203.1610.167.203.16
1810.167.203.17/3210.167.203.17 – 10.167.203.1710.167.203.17
1910.167.203.18/3210.167.203.18 – 10.167.203.1810.167.203.18
2010.167.203.19/3210.167.203.19 – 10.167.203.1910.167.203.19
2110.167.203.20/3210.167.203.20 – 10.167.203.2010.167.203.20
2210.167.203.21/3210.167.203.21 – 10.167.203.2110.167.203.21
2310.167.203.22/3210.167.203.22 – 10.167.203.2210.167.203.22
2410.167.203.23/3210.167.203.23 – 10.167.203.2310.167.203.23
2510.167.203.24/3210.167.203.24 – 10.167.203.2410.167.203.24
2610.167.203.25/3210.167.203.25 – 10.167.203.2510.167.203.25
2710.167.203.26/3210.167.203.26 – 10.167.203.2610.167.203.26
2810.167.203.27/3210.167.203.27 – 10.167.203.2710.167.203.27
2910.167.203.28/3210.167.203.28 – 10.167.203.2810.167.203.28
3010.167.203.29/3210.167.203.29 – 10.167.203.2910.167.203.29
3110.167.203.30/3210.167.203.30 – 10.167.203.3010.167.203.30
3210.167.203.31/3210.167.203.31 – 10.167.203.3110.167.203.31
3310.167.203.32/3210.167.203.32 – 10.167.203.3210.167.203.32
3410.167.203.33/3210.167.203.33 – 10.167.203.3310.167.203.33
3510.167.203.34/3210.167.203.34 – 10.167.203.3410.167.203.34
3610.167.203.35/3210.167.203.35 – 10.167.203.3510.167.203.35
3710.167.203.36/3210.167.203.36 – 10.167.203.3610.167.203.36
3810.167.203.37/3210.167.203.37 – 10.167.203.3710.167.203.37
3910.167.203.38/3210.167.203.38 – 10.167.203.3810.167.203.38
4010.167.203.39/3210.167.203.39 – 10.167.203.3910.167.203.39
4110.167.203.40/3210.167.203.40 – 10.167.203.4010.167.203.40
4210.167.203.41/3210.167.203.41 – 10.167.203.4110.167.203.41
4310.167.203.42/3210.167.203.42 – 10.167.203.4210.167.203.42
4410.167.203.43/3210.167.203.43 – 10.167.203.4310.167.203.43
4510.167.203.44/3210.167.203.44 – 10.167.203.4410.167.203.44
4610.167.203.45/3210.167.203.45 – 10.167.203.4510.167.203.45
4710.167.203.46/3210.167.203.46 – 10.167.203.4610.167.203.46
4810.167.203.47/3210.167.203.47 – 10.167.203.4710.167.203.47
4910.167.203.48/3210.167.203.48 – 10.167.203.4810.167.203.48
5010.167.203.49/3210.167.203.49 – 10.167.203.4910.167.203.49
5110.167.203.50/3210.167.203.50 – 10.167.203.5010.167.203.50
5210.167.203.51/3210.167.203.51 – 10.167.203.5110.167.203.51
5310.167.203.52/3210.167.203.52 – 10.167.203.5210.167.203.52
5410.167.203.53/3210.167.203.53 – 10.167.203.5310.167.203.53
5510.167.203.54/3210.167.203.54 – 10.167.203.5410.167.203.54
5610.167.203.55/3210.167.203.55 – 10.167.203.5510.167.203.55
5710.167.203.56/3210.167.203.56 – 10.167.203.5610.167.203.56
5810.167.203.57/3210.167.203.57 – 10.167.203.5710.167.203.57
5910.167.203.58/3210.167.203.58 – 10.167.203.5810.167.203.58
6010.167.203.59/3210.167.203.59 – 10.167.203.5910.167.203.59
6110.167.203.60/3210.167.203.60 – 10.167.203.6010.167.203.60
6210.167.203.61/3210.167.203.61 – 10.167.203.6110.167.203.61
6310.167.203.62/3210.167.203.62 – 10.167.203.6210.167.203.62
6410.167.203.63/3210.167.203.63 – 10.167.203.6310.167.203.63
6510.167.203.64/3210.167.203.64 – 10.167.203.6410.167.203.64
6610.167.203.65/3210.167.203.65 – 10.167.203.6510.167.203.65
6710.167.203.66/3210.167.203.66 – 10.167.203.6610.167.203.66
6810.167.203.67/3210.167.203.67 – 10.167.203.6710.167.203.67
6910.167.203.68/3210.167.203.68 – 10.167.203.6810.167.203.68
7010.167.203.69/3210.167.203.69 – 10.167.203.6910.167.203.69
7110.167.203.70/3210.167.203.70 – 10.167.203.7010.167.203.70
7210.167.203.71/3210.167.203.71 – 10.167.203.7110.167.203.71
7310.167.203.72/3210.167.203.72 – 10.167.203.7210.167.203.72
7410.167.203.73/3210.167.203.73 – 10.167.203.7310.167.203.73
7510.167.203.74/3210.167.203.74 – 10.167.203.7410.167.203.74
7610.167.203.75/3210.167.203.75 – 10.167.203.7510.167.203.75
7710.167.203.76/3210.167.203.76 – 10.167.203.7610.167.203.76
7810.167.203.77/3210.167.203.77 – 10.167.203.7710.167.203.77
7910.167.203.78/3210.167.203.78 – 10.167.203.7810.167.203.78
8010.167.203.79/3210.167.203.79 – 10.167.203.7910.167.203.79
8110.167.203.80/3210.167.203.80 – 10.167.203.8010.167.203.80
8210.167.203.81/3210.167.203.81 – 10.167.203.8110.167.203.81
8310.167.203.82/3210.167.203.82 – 10.167.203.8210.167.203.82
8410.167.203.83/3210.167.203.83 – 10.167.203.8310.167.203.83
8510.167.203.84/3210.167.203.84 – 10.167.203.8410.167.203.84
8610.167.203.85/3210.167.203.85 – 10.167.203.8510.167.203.85
8710.167.203.86/3210.167.203.86 – 10.167.203.8610.167.203.86
8810.167.203.87/3210.167.203.87 – 10.167.203.8710.167.203.87
8910.167.203.88/3210.167.203.88 – 10.167.203.8810.167.203.88
9010.167.203.89/3210.167.203.89 – 10.167.203.8910.167.203.89
9110.167.203.90/3210.167.203.90 – 10.167.203.9010.167.203.90
9210.167.203.91/3210.167.203.91 – 10.167.203.9110.167.203.91
9310.167.203.92/3210.167.203.92 – 10.167.203.9210.167.203.92
9410.167.203.93/3210.167.203.93 – 10.167.203.9310.167.203.93
9510.167.203.94/3210.167.203.94 – 10.167.203.9410.167.203.94
9610.167.203.95/3210.167.203.95 – 10.167.203.9510.167.203.95
9710.167.203.96/3210.167.203.96 – 10.167.203.9610.167.203.96
9810.167.203.97/3210.167.203.97 – 10.167.203.9710.167.203.97
9910.167.203.98/3210.167.203.98 – 10.167.203.9810.167.203.98
10010.167.203.99/3210.167.203.99 – 10.167.203.9910.167.203.99
10110.167.203.100/3210.167.203.100 – 10.167.203.10010.167.203.100
10210.167.203.101/3210.167.203.101 – 10.167.203.10110.167.203.101
10310.167.203.102/3210.167.203.102 – 10.167.203.10210.167.203.102
10410.167.203.103/3210.167.203.103 – 10.167.203.10310.167.203.103
10510.167.203.104/3210.167.203.104 – 10.167.203.10410.167.203.104
10610.167.203.105/3210.167.203.105 – 10.167.203.10510.167.203.105
10710.167.203.106/3210.167.203.106 – 10.167.203.10610.167.203.106
10810.167.203.107/3210.167.203.107 – 10.167.203.10710.167.203.107
10910.167.203.108/3210.167.203.108 – 10.167.203.10810.167.203.108
11010.167.203.109/3210.167.203.109 – 10.167.203.10910.167.203.109
11110.167.203.110/3210.167.203.110 – 10.167.203.11010.167.203.110
11210.167.203.111/3210.167.203.111 – 10.167.203.11110.167.203.111
11310.167.203.112/3210.167.203.112 – 10.167.203.11210.167.203.112
11410.167.203.113/3210.167.203.113 – 10.167.203.11310.167.203.113
11510.167.203.114/3210.167.203.114 – 10.167.203.11410.167.203.114
11610.167.203.115/3210.167.203.115 – 10.167.203.11510.167.203.115
11710.167.203.116/3210.167.203.116 – 10.167.203.11610.167.203.116
11810.167.203.117/3210.167.203.117 – 10.167.203.11710.167.203.117
11910.167.203.118/3210.167.203.118 – 10.167.203.11810.167.203.118
12010.167.203.119/3210.167.203.119 – 10.167.203.11910.167.203.119
12110.167.203.120/3210.167.203.120 – 10.167.203.12010.167.203.120
12210.167.203.121/3210.167.203.121 – 10.167.203.12110.167.203.121
12310.167.203.122/3210.167.203.122 – 10.167.203.12210.167.203.122
12410.167.203.123/3210.167.203.123 – 10.167.203.12310.167.203.123
12510.167.203.124/3210.167.203.124 – 10.167.203.12410.167.203.124
12610.167.203.125/3210.167.203.125 – 10.167.203.12510.167.203.125
12710.167.203.126/3210.167.203.126 – 10.167.203.12610.167.203.126
12810.167.203.127/3210.167.203.127 – 10.167.203.12710.167.203.127
12910.167.203.128/3210.167.203.128 – 10.167.203.12810.167.203.128
13010.167.203.129/3210.167.203.129 – 10.167.203.12910.167.203.129
13110.167.203.130/3210.167.203.130 – 10.167.203.13010.167.203.130
13210.167.203.131/3210.167.203.131 – 10.167.203.13110.167.203.131
13310.167.203.132/3210.167.203.132 – 10.167.203.13210.167.203.132
13410.167.203.133/3210.167.203.133 – 10.167.203.13310.167.203.133
13510.167.203.134/3210.167.203.134 – 10.167.203.13410.167.203.134
13610.167.203.135/3210.167.203.135 – 10.167.203.13510.167.203.135
13710.167.203.136/3210.167.203.136 – 10.167.203.13610.167.203.136
13810.167.203.137/3210.167.203.137 – 10.167.203.13710.167.203.137
13910.167.203.138/3210.167.203.138 – 10.167.203.13810.167.203.138
14010.167.203.139/3210.167.203.139 – 10.167.203.13910.167.203.139
14110.167.203.140/3210.167.203.140 – 10.167.203.14010.167.203.140
14210.167.203.141/3210.167.203.141 – 10.167.203.14110.167.203.141
14310.167.203.142/3210.167.203.142 – 10.167.203.14210.167.203.142
14410.167.203.143/3210.167.203.143 – 10.167.203.14310.167.203.143
14510.167.203.144/3210.167.203.144 – 10.167.203.14410.167.203.144
14610.167.203.145/3210.167.203.145 – 10.167.203.14510.167.203.145
14710.167.203.146/3210.167.203.146 – 10.167.203.14610.167.203.146
14810.167.203.147/3210.167.203.147 – 10.167.203.14710.167.203.147
14910.167.203.148/3210.167.203.148 – 10.167.203.14810.167.203.148
15010.167.203.149/3210.167.203.149 – 10.167.203.14910.167.203.149
15110.167.203.150/3210.167.203.150 – 10.167.203.15010.167.203.150
15210.167.203.151/3210.167.203.151 – 10.167.203.15110.167.203.151
15310.167.203.152/3210.167.203.152 – 10.167.203.15210.167.203.152
15410.167.203.153/3210.167.203.153 – 10.167.203.15310.167.203.153
15510.167.203.154/3210.167.203.154 – 10.167.203.15410.167.203.154
15610.167.203.155/3210.167.203.155 – 10.167.203.15510.167.203.155
15710.167.203.156/3210.167.203.156 – 10.167.203.15610.167.203.156
15810.167.203.157/3210.167.203.157 – 10.167.203.15710.167.203.157
15910.167.203.158/3210.167.203.158 – 10.167.203.15810.167.203.158
16010.167.203.159/3210.167.203.159 – 10.167.203.15910.167.203.159
16110.167.203.160/3210.167.203.160 – 10.167.203.16010.167.203.160
16210.167.203.161/3210.167.203.161 – 10.167.203.16110.167.203.161
16310.167.203.162/3210.167.203.162 – 10.167.203.16210.167.203.162
16410.167.203.163/3210.167.203.163 – 10.167.203.16310.167.203.163
16510.167.203.164/3210.167.203.164 – 10.167.203.16410.167.203.164
16610.167.203.165/3210.167.203.165 – 10.167.203.16510.167.203.165
16710.167.203.166/3210.167.203.166 – 10.167.203.16610.167.203.166
16810.167.203.167/3210.167.203.167 – 10.167.203.16710.167.203.167
16910.167.203.168/3210.167.203.168 – 10.167.203.16810.167.203.168
17010.167.203.169/3210.167.203.169 – 10.167.203.16910.167.203.169
17110.167.203.170/3210.167.203.170 – 10.167.203.17010.167.203.170
17210.167.203.171/3210.167.203.171 – 10.167.203.17110.167.203.171
17310.167.203.172/3210.167.203.172 – 10.167.203.17210.167.203.172
17410.167.203.173/3210.167.203.173 – 10.167.203.17310.167.203.173
17510.167.203.174/3210.167.203.174 – 10.167.203.17410.167.203.174
17610.167.203.175/3210.167.203.175 – 10.167.203.17510.167.203.175
17710.167.203.176/3210.167.203.176 – 10.167.203.17610.167.203.176
17810.167.203.177/3210.167.203.177 – 10.167.203.17710.167.203.177
17910.167.203.178/3210.167.203.178 – 10.167.203.17810.167.203.178
18010.167.203.179/3210.167.203.179 – 10.167.203.17910.167.203.179
18110.167.203.180/3210.167.203.180 – 10.167.203.18010.167.203.180
18210.167.203.181/3210.167.203.181 – 10.167.203.18110.167.203.181
18310.167.203.182/3210.167.203.182 – 10.167.203.18210.167.203.182
18410.167.203.183/3210.167.203.183 – 10.167.203.18310.167.203.183
18510.167.203.184/3210.167.203.184 – 10.167.203.18410.167.203.184
18610.167.203.185/3210.167.203.185 – 10.167.203.18510.167.203.185
18710.167.203.186/3210.167.203.186 – 10.167.203.18610.167.203.186
18810.167.203.187/3210.167.203.187 – 10.167.203.18710.167.203.187
18910.167.203.188/3210.167.203.188 – 10.167.203.18810.167.203.188
19010.167.203.189/3210.167.203.189 – 10.167.203.18910.167.203.189
19110.167.203.190/3210.167.203.190 – 10.167.203.19010.167.203.190
19210.167.203.191/3210.167.203.191 – 10.167.203.19110.167.203.191
19310.167.203.192/3210.167.203.192 – 10.167.203.19210.167.203.192
19410.167.203.193/3210.167.203.193 – 10.167.203.19310.167.203.193
19510.167.203.194/3210.167.203.194 – 10.167.203.19410.167.203.194
19610.167.203.195/3210.167.203.195 – 10.167.203.19510.167.203.195
19710.167.203.196/3210.167.203.196 – 10.167.203.19610.167.203.196
19810.167.203.197/3210.167.203.197 – 10.167.203.19710.167.203.197
19910.167.203.198/3210.167.203.198 – 10.167.203.19810.167.203.198
20010.167.203.199/3210.167.203.199 – 10.167.203.19910.167.203.199
20110.167.203.200/3210.167.203.200 – 10.167.203.20010.167.203.200
20210.167.203.201/3210.167.203.201 – 10.167.203.20110.167.203.201
20310.167.203.202/3210.167.203.202 – 10.167.203.20210.167.203.202
20410.167.203.203/3210.167.203.203 – 10.167.203.20310.167.203.203
20510.167.203.204/3210.167.203.204 – 10.167.203.20410.167.203.204
20610.167.203.205/3210.167.203.205 – 10.167.203.20510.167.203.205
20710.167.203.206/3210.167.203.206 – 10.167.203.20610.167.203.206
20810.167.203.207/3210.167.203.207 – 10.167.203.20710.167.203.207
20910.167.203.208/3210.167.203.208 – 10.167.203.20810.167.203.208
21010.167.203.209/3210.167.203.209 – 10.167.203.20910.167.203.209
21110.167.203.210/3210.167.203.210 – 10.167.203.21010.167.203.210
21210.167.203.211/3210.167.203.211 – 10.167.203.21110.167.203.211
21310.167.203.212/3210.167.203.212 – 10.167.203.21210.167.203.212
21410.167.203.213/3210.167.203.213 – 10.167.203.21310.167.203.213
21510.167.203.214/3210.167.203.214 – 10.167.203.21410.167.203.214
21610.167.203.215/3210.167.203.215 – 10.167.203.21510.167.203.215
21710.167.203.216/3210.167.203.216 – 10.167.203.21610.167.203.216
21810.167.203.217/3210.167.203.217 – 10.167.203.21710.167.203.217
21910.167.203.218/3210.167.203.218 – 10.167.203.21810.167.203.218
22010.167.203.219/3210.167.203.219 – 10.167.203.21910.167.203.219
22110.167.203.220/3210.167.203.220 – 10.167.203.22010.167.203.220
22210.167.203.221/3210.167.203.221 – 10.167.203.22110.167.203.221
22310.167.203.222/3210.167.203.222 – 10.167.203.22210.167.203.222
22410.167.203.223/3210.167.203.223 – 10.167.203.22310.167.203.223
22510.167.203.224/3210.167.203.224 – 10.167.203.22410.167.203.224
22610.167.203.225/3210.167.203.225 – 10.167.203.22510.167.203.225
22710.167.203.226/3210.167.203.226 – 10.167.203.22610.167.203.226
22810.167.203.227/3210.167.203.227 – 10.167.203.22710.167.203.227
22910.167.203.228/3210.167.203.228 – 10.167.203.22810.167.203.228
23010.167.203.229/3210.167.203.229 – 10.167.203.22910.167.203.229
23110.167.203.230/3210.167.203.230 – 10.167.203.23010.167.203.230
23210.167.203.231/3210.167.203.231 – 10.167.203.23110.167.203.231
23310.167.203.232/3210.167.203.232 – 10.167.203.23210.167.203.232
23410.167.203.233/3210.167.203.233 – 10.167.203.23310.167.203.233
23510.167.203.234/3210.167.203.234 – 10.167.203.23410.167.203.234
23610.167.203.235/3210.167.203.235 – 10.167.203.23510.167.203.235
23710.167.203.236/3210.167.203.236 – 10.167.203.23610.167.203.236
23810.167.203.237/3210.167.203.237 – 10.167.203.23710.167.203.237
23910.167.203.238/3210.167.203.238 – 10.167.203.23810.167.203.238
24010.167.203.239/3210.167.203.239 – 10.167.203.23910.167.203.239
24110.167.203.240/3210.167.203.240 – 10.167.203.24010.167.203.240
24210.167.203.241/3210.167.203.241 – 10.167.203.24110.167.203.241
24310.167.203.242/3210.167.203.242 – 10.167.203.24210.167.203.242
24410.167.203.243/3210.167.203.243 – 10.167.203.24310.167.203.243
24510.167.203.244/3210.167.203.244 – 10.167.203.24410.167.203.244
24610.167.203.245/3210.167.203.245 – 10.167.203.24510.167.203.245
24710.167.203.246/3210.167.203.246 – 10.167.203.24610.167.203.246
24810.167.203.247/3210.167.203.247 – 10.167.203.24710.167.203.247
24910.167.203.248/3210.167.203.248 – 10.167.203.24810.167.203.248
25010.167.203.249/3210.167.203.249 – 10.167.203.24910.167.203.249
25110.167.203.250/3210.167.203.250 – 10.167.203.25010.167.203.250
25210.167.203.251/3210.167.203.251 – 10.167.203.25110.167.203.251
25310.167.203.252/3210.167.203.252 – 10.167.203.25210.167.203.252
25410.167.203.253/3210.167.203.253 – 10.167.203.25310.167.203.253
25510.167.203.254/3210.167.203.254 – 10.167.203.25410.167.203.254
25610.167.203.255/3210.167.203.255 – 10.167.203.25510.167.203.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →