ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.182.0/23
network10.167.182.0/23
broadcast10.167.183.255
first host10.167.182.1
last host10.167.183.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.182.0/23
address00001010.10100111.10110110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.10110110.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.10110111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa7b600
decimal178763264
reverse dns0.182.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:b600

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.182.0/3110.167.182.0 – 10.167.182.110.167.182.1
210.167.182.2/3110.167.182.2 – 10.167.182.310.167.182.3
310.167.182.4/3110.167.182.4 – 10.167.182.510.167.182.5
410.167.182.6/3110.167.182.6 – 10.167.182.710.167.182.7
510.167.182.8/3110.167.182.8 – 10.167.182.910.167.182.9
610.167.182.10/3110.167.182.10 – 10.167.182.1110.167.182.11
710.167.182.12/3110.167.182.12 – 10.167.182.1310.167.182.13
810.167.182.14/3110.167.182.14 – 10.167.182.1510.167.182.15
910.167.182.16/3110.167.182.16 – 10.167.182.1710.167.182.17
1010.167.182.18/3110.167.182.18 – 10.167.182.1910.167.182.19
1110.167.182.20/3110.167.182.20 – 10.167.182.2110.167.182.21
1210.167.182.22/3110.167.182.22 – 10.167.182.2310.167.182.23
1310.167.182.24/3110.167.182.24 – 10.167.182.2510.167.182.25
1410.167.182.26/3110.167.182.26 – 10.167.182.2710.167.182.27
1510.167.182.28/3110.167.182.28 – 10.167.182.2910.167.182.29
1610.167.182.30/3110.167.182.30 – 10.167.182.3110.167.182.31
1710.167.182.32/3110.167.182.32 – 10.167.182.3310.167.182.33
1810.167.182.34/3110.167.182.34 – 10.167.182.3510.167.182.35
1910.167.182.36/3110.167.182.36 – 10.167.182.3710.167.182.37
2010.167.182.38/3110.167.182.38 – 10.167.182.3910.167.182.39
2110.167.182.40/3110.167.182.40 – 10.167.182.4110.167.182.41
2210.167.182.42/3110.167.182.42 – 10.167.182.4310.167.182.43
2310.167.182.44/3110.167.182.44 – 10.167.182.4510.167.182.45
2410.167.182.46/3110.167.182.46 – 10.167.182.4710.167.182.47
2510.167.182.48/3110.167.182.48 – 10.167.182.4910.167.182.49
2610.167.182.50/3110.167.182.50 – 10.167.182.5110.167.182.51
2710.167.182.52/3110.167.182.52 – 10.167.182.5310.167.182.53
2810.167.182.54/3110.167.182.54 – 10.167.182.5510.167.182.55
2910.167.182.56/3110.167.182.56 – 10.167.182.5710.167.182.57
3010.167.182.58/3110.167.182.58 – 10.167.182.5910.167.182.59
3110.167.182.60/3110.167.182.60 – 10.167.182.6110.167.182.61
3210.167.182.62/3110.167.182.62 – 10.167.182.6310.167.182.63
3310.167.182.64/3110.167.182.64 – 10.167.182.6510.167.182.65
3410.167.182.66/3110.167.182.66 – 10.167.182.6710.167.182.67
3510.167.182.68/3110.167.182.68 – 10.167.182.6910.167.182.69
3610.167.182.70/3110.167.182.70 – 10.167.182.7110.167.182.71
3710.167.182.72/3110.167.182.72 – 10.167.182.7310.167.182.73
3810.167.182.74/3110.167.182.74 – 10.167.182.7510.167.182.75
3910.167.182.76/3110.167.182.76 – 10.167.182.7710.167.182.77
4010.167.182.78/3110.167.182.78 – 10.167.182.7910.167.182.79
4110.167.182.80/3110.167.182.80 – 10.167.182.8110.167.182.81
4210.167.182.82/3110.167.182.82 – 10.167.182.8310.167.182.83
4310.167.182.84/3110.167.182.84 – 10.167.182.8510.167.182.85
4410.167.182.86/3110.167.182.86 – 10.167.182.8710.167.182.87
4510.167.182.88/3110.167.182.88 – 10.167.182.8910.167.182.89
4610.167.182.90/3110.167.182.90 – 10.167.182.9110.167.182.91
4710.167.182.92/3110.167.182.92 – 10.167.182.9310.167.182.93
4810.167.182.94/3110.167.182.94 – 10.167.182.9510.167.182.95
4910.167.182.96/3110.167.182.96 – 10.167.182.9710.167.182.97
5010.167.182.98/3110.167.182.98 – 10.167.182.9910.167.182.99
5110.167.182.100/3110.167.182.100 – 10.167.182.10110.167.182.101
5210.167.182.102/3110.167.182.102 – 10.167.182.10310.167.182.103
5310.167.182.104/3110.167.182.104 – 10.167.182.10510.167.182.105
5410.167.182.106/3110.167.182.106 – 10.167.182.10710.167.182.107
5510.167.182.108/3110.167.182.108 – 10.167.182.10910.167.182.109
5610.167.182.110/3110.167.182.110 – 10.167.182.11110.167.182.111
5710.167.182.112/3110.167.182.112 – 10.167.182.11310.167.182.113
5810.167.182.114/3110.167.182.114 – 10.167.182.11510.167.182.115
5910.167.182.116/3110.167.182.116 – 10.167.182.11710.167.182.117
6010.167.182.118/3110.167.182.118 – 10.167.182.11910.167.182.119
6110.167.182.120/3110.167.182.120 – 10.167.182.12110.167.182.121
6210.167.182.122/3110.167.182.122 – 10.167.182.12310.167.182.123
6310.167.182.124/3110.167.182.124 – 10.167.182.12510.167.182.125
6410.167.182.126/3110.167.182.126 – 10.167.182.12710.167.182.127
6510.167.182.128/3110.167.182.128 – 10.167.182.12910.167.182.129
6610.167.182.130/3110.167.182.130 – 10.167.182.13110.167.182.131
6710.167.182.132/3110.167.182.132 – 10.167.182.13310.167.182.133
6810.167.182.134/3110.167.182.134 – 10.167.182.13510.167.182.135
6910.167.182.136/3110.167.182.136 – 10.167.182.13710.167.182.137
7010.167.182.138/3110.167.182.138 – 10.167.182.13910.167.182.139
7110.167.182.140/3110.167.182.140 – 10.167.182.14110.167.182.141
7210.167.182.142/3110.167.182.142 – 10.167.182.14310.167.182.143
7310.167.182.144/3110.167.182.144 – 10.167.182.14510.167.182.145
7410.167.182.146/3110.167.182.146 – 10.167.182.14710.167.182.147
7510.167.182.148/3110.167.182.148 – 10.167.182.14910.167.182.149
7610.167.182.150/3110.167.182.150 – 10.167.182.15110.167.182.151
7710.167.182.152/3110.167.182.152 – 10.167.182.15310.167.182.153
7810.167.182.154/3110.167.182.154 – 10.167.182.15510.167.182.155
7910.167.182.156/3110.167.182.156 – 10.167.182.15710.167.182.157
8010.167.182.158/3110.167.182.158 – 10.167.182.15910.167.182.159
8110.167.182.160/3110.167.182.160 – 10.167.182.16110.167.182.161
8210.167.182.162/3110.167.182.162 – 10.167.182.16310.167.182.163
8310.167.182.164/3110.167.182.164 – 10.167.182.16510.167.182.165
8410.167.182.166/3110.167.182.166 – 10.167.182.16710.167.182.167
8510.167.182.168/3110.167.182.168 – 10.167.182.16910.167.182.169
8610.167.182.170/3110.167.182.170 – 10.167.182.17110.167.182.171
8710.167.182.172/3110.167.182.172 – 10.167.182.17310.167.182.173
8810.167.182.174/3110.167.182.174 – 10.167.182.17510.167.182.175
8910.167.182.176/3110.167.182.176 – 10.167.182.17710.167.182.177
9010.167.182.178/3110.167.182.178 – 10.167.182.17910.167.182.179
9110.167.182.180/3110.167.182.180 – 10.167.182.18110.167.182.181
9210.167.182.182/3110.167.182.182 – 10.167.182.18310.167.182.183
9310.167.182.184/3110.167.182.184 – 10.167.182.18510.167.182.185
9410.167.182.186/3110.167.182.186 – 10.167.182.18710.167.182.187
9510.167.182.188/3110.167.182.188 – 10.167.182.18910.167.182.189
9610.167.182.190/3110.167.182.190 – 10.167.182.19110.167.182.191
9710.167.182.192/3110.167.182.192 – 10.167.182.19310.167.182.193
9810.167.182.194/3110.167.182.194 – 10.167.182.19510.167.182.195
9910.167.182.196/3110.167.182.196 – 10.167.182.19710.167.182.197
10010.167.182.198/3110.167.182.198 – 10.167.182.19910.167.182.199
10110.167.182.200/3110.167.182.200 – 10.167.182.20110.167.182.201
10210.167.182.202/3110.167.182.202 – 10.167.182.20310.167.182.203
10310.167.182.204/3110.167.182.204 – 10.167.182.20510.167.182.205
10410.167.182.206/3110.167.182.206 – 10.167.182.20710.167.182.207
10510.167.182.208/3110.167.182.208 – 10.167.182.20910.167.182.209
10610.167.182.210/3110.167.182.210 – 10.167.182.21110.167.182.211
10710.167.182.212/3110.167.182.212 – 10.167.182.21310.167.182.213
10810.167.182.214/3110.167.182.214 – 10.167.182.21510.167.182.215
10910.167.182.216/3110.167.182.216 – 10.167.182.21710.167.182.217
11010.167.182.218/3110.167.182.218 – 10.167.182.21910.167.182.219
11110.167.182.220/3110.167.182.220 – 10.167.182.22110.167.182.221
11210.167.182.222/3110.167.182.222 – 10.167.182.22310.167.182.223
11310.167.182.224/3110.167.182.224 – 10.167.182.22510.167.182.225
11410.167.182.226/3110.167.182.226 – 10.167.182.22710.167.182.227
11510.167.182.228/3110.167.182.228 – 10.167.182.22910.167.182.229
11610.167.182.230/3110.167.182.230 – 10.167.182.23110.167.182.231
11710.167.182.232/3110.167.182.232 – 10.167.182.23310.167.182.233
11810.167.182.234/3110.167.182.234 – 10.167.182.23510.167.182.235
11910.167.182.236/3110.167.182.236 – 10.167.182.23710.167.182.237
12010.167.182.238/3110.167.182.238 – 10.167.182.23910.167.182.239
12110.167.182.240/3110.167.182.240 – 10.167.182.24110.167.182.241
12210.167.182.242/3110.167.182.242 – 10.167.182.24310.167.182.243
12310.167.182.244/3110.167.182.244 – 10.167.182.24510.167.182.245
12410.167.182.246/3110.167.182.246 – 10.167.182.24710.167.182.247
12510.167.182.248/3110.167.182.248 – 10.167.182.24910.167.182.249
12610.167.182.250/3110.167.182.250 – 10.167.182.25110.167.182.251
12710.167.182.252/3110.167.182.252 – 10.167.182.25310.167.182.253
12810.167.182.254/3110.167.182.254 – 10.167.182.25510.167.182.255
12910.167.183.0/3110.167.183.0 – 10.167.183.110.167.183.1
13010.167.183.2/3110.167.183.2 – 10.167.183.310.167.183.3
13110.167.183.4/3110.167.183.4 – 10.167.183.510.167.183.5
13210.167.183.6/3110.167.183.6 – 10.167.183.710.167.183.7
13310.167.183.8/3110.167.183.8 – 10.167.183.910.167.183.9
13410.167.183.10/3110.167.183.10 – 10.167.183.1110.167.183.11
13510.167.183.12/3110.167.183.12 – 10.167.183.1310.167.183.13
13610.167.183.14/3110.167.183.14 – 10.167.183.1510.167.183.15
13710.167.183.16/3110.167.183.16 – 10.167.183.1710.167.183.17
13810.167.183.18/3110.167.183.18 – 10.167.183.1910.167.183.19
13910.167.183.20/3110.167.183.20 – 10.167.183.2110.167.183.21
14010.167.183.22/3110.167.183.22 – 10.167.183.2310.167.183.23
14110.167.183.24/3110.167.183.24 – 10.167.183.2510.167.183.25
14210.167.183.26/3110.167.183.26 – 10.167.183.2710.167.183.27
14310.167.183.28/3110.167.183.28 – 10.167.183.2910.167.183.29
14410.167.183.30/3110.167.183.30 – 10.167.183.3110.167.183.31
14510.167.183.32/3110.167.183.32 – 10.167.183.3310.167.183.33
14610.167.183.34/3110.167.183.34 – 10.167.183.3510.167.183.35
14710.167.183.36/3110.167.183.36 – 10.167.183.3710.167.183.37
14810.167.183.38/3110.167.183.38 – 10.167.183.3910.167.183.39
14910.167.183.40/3110.167.183.40 – 10.167.183.4110.167.183.41
15010.167.183.42/3110.167.183.42 – 10.167.183.4310.167.183.43
15110.167.183.44/3110.167.183.44 – 10.167.183.4510.167.183.45
15210.167.183.46/3110.167.183.46 – 10.167.183.4710.167.183.47
15310.167.183.48/3110.167.183.48 – 10.167.183.4910.167.183.49
15410.167.183.50/3110.167.183.50 – 10.167.183.5110.167.183.51
15510.167.183.52/3110.167.183.52 – 10.167.183.5310.167.183.53
15610.167.183.54/3110.167.183.54 – 10.167.183.5510.167.183.55
15710.167.183.56/3110.167.183.56 – 10.167.183.5710.167.183.57
15810.167.183.58/3110.167.183.58 – 10.167.183.5910.167.183.59
15910.167.183.60/3110.167.183.60 – 10.167.183.6110.167.183.61
16010.167.183.62/3110.167.183.62 – 10.167.183.6310.167.183.63
16110.167.183.64/3110.167.183.64 – 10.167.183.6510.167.183.65
16210.167.183.66/3110.167.183.66 – 10.167.183.6710.167.183.67
16310.167.183.68/3110.167.183.68 – 10.167.183.6910.167.183.69
16410.167.183.70/3110.167.183.70 – 10.167.183.7110.167.183.71
16510.167.183.72/3110.167.183.72 – 10.167.183.7310.167.183.73
16610.167.183.74/3110.167.183.74 – 10.167.183.7510.167.183.75
16710.167.183.76/3110.167.183.76 – 10.167.183.7710.167.183.77
16810.167.183.78/3110.167.183.78 – 10.167.183.7910.167.183.79
16910.167.183.80/3110.167.183.80 – 10.167.183.8110.167.183.81
17010.167.183.82/3110.167.183.82 – 10.167.183.8310.167.183.83
17110.167.183.84/3110.167.183.84 – 10.167.183.8510.167.183.85
17210.167.183.86/3110.167.183.86 – 10.167.183.8710.167.183.87
17310.167.183.88/3110.167.183.88 – 10.167.183.8910.167.183.89
17410.167.183.90/3110.167.183.90 – 10.167.183.9110.167.183.91
17510.167.183.92/3110.167.183.92 – 10.167.183.9310.167.183.93
17610.167.183.94/3110.167.183.94 – 10.167.183.9510.167.183.95
17710.167.183.96/3110.167.183.96 – 10.167.183.9710.167.183.97
17810.167.183.98/3110.167.183.98 – 10.167.183.9910.167.183.99
17910.167.183.100/3110.167.183.100 – 10.167.183.10110.167.183.101
18010.167.183.102/3110.167.183.102 – 10.167.183.10310.167.183.103
18110.167.183.104/3110.167.183.104 – 10.167.183.10510.167.183.105
18210.167.183.106/3110.167.183.106 – 10.167.183.10710.167.183.107
18310.167.183.108/3110.167.183.108 – 10.167.183.10910.167.183.109
18410.167.183.110/3110.167.183.110 – 10.167.183.11110.167.183.111
18510.167.183.112/3110.167.183.112 – 10.167.183.11310.167.183.113
18610.167.183.114/3110.167.183.114 – 10.167.183.11510.167.183.115
18710.167.183.116/3110.167.183.116 – 10.167.183.11710.167.183.117
18810.167.183.118/3110.167.183.118 – 10.167.183.11910.167.183.119
18910.167.183.120/3110.167.183.120 – 10.167.183.12110.167.183.121
19010.167.183.122/3110.167.183.122 – 10.167.183.12310.167.183.123
19110.167.183.124/3110.167.183.124 – 10.167.183.12510.167.183.125
19210.167.183.126/3110.167.183.126 – 10.167.183.12710.167.183.127
19310.167.183.128/3110.167.183.128 – 10.167.183.12910.167.183.129
19410.167.183.130/3110.167.183.130 – 10.167.183.13110.167.183.131
19510.167.183.132/3110.167.183.132 – 10.167.183.13310.167.183.133
19610.167.183.134/3110.167.183.134 – 10.167.183.13510.167.183.135
19710.167.183.136/3110.167.183.136 – 10.167.183.13710.167.183.137
19810.167.183.138/3110.167.183.138 – 10.167.183.13910.167.183.139
19910.167.183.140/3110.167.183.140 – 10.167.183.14110.167.183.141
20010.167.183.142/3110.167.183.142 – 10.167.183.14310.167.183.143
20110.167.183.144/3110.167.183.144 – 10.167.183.14510.167.183.145
20210.167.183.146/3110.167.183.146 – 10.167.183.14710.167.183.147
20310.167.183.148/3110.167.183.148 – 10.167.183.14910.167.183.149
20410.167.183.150/3110.167.183.150 – 10.167.183.15110.167.183.151
20510.167.183.152/3110.167.183.152 – 10.167.183.15310.167.183.153
20610.167.183.154/3110.167.183.154 – 10.167.183.15510.167.183.155
20710.167.183.156/3110.167.183.156 – 10.167.183.15710.167.183.157
20810.167.183.158/3110.167.183.158 – 10.167.183.15910.167.183.159
20910.167.183.160/3110.167.183.160 – 10.167.183.16110.167.183.161
21010.167.183.162/3110.167.183.162 – 10.167.183.16310.167.183.163
21110.167.183.164/3110.167.183.164 – 10.167.183.16510.167.183.165
21210.167.183.166/3110.167.183.166 – 10.167.183.16710.167.183.167
21310.167.183.168/3110.167.183.168 – 10.167.183.16910.167.183.169
21410.167.183.170/3110.167.183.170 – 10.167.183.17110.167.183.171
21510.167.183.172/3110.167.183.172 – 10.167.183.17310.167.183.173
21610.167.183.174/3110.167.183.174 – 10.167.183.17510.167.183.175
21710.167.183.176/3110.167.183.176 – 10.167.183.17710.167.183.177
21810.167.183.178/3110.167.183.178 – 10.167.183.17910.167.183.179
21910.167.183.180/3110.167.183.180 – 10.167.183.18110.167.183.181
22010.167.183.182/3110.167.183.182 – 10.167.183.18310.167.183.183
22110.167.183.184/3110.167.183.184 – 10.167.183.18510.167.183.185
22210.167.183.186/3110.167.183.186 – 10.167.183.18710.167.183.187
22310.167.183.188/3110.167.183.188 – 10.167.183.18910.167.183.189
22410.167.183.190/3110.167.183.190 – 10.167.183.19110.167.183.191
22510.167.183.192/3110.167.183.192 – 10.167.183.19310.167.183.193
22610.167.183.194/3110.167.183.194 – 10.167.183.19510.167.183.195
22710.167.183.196/3110.167.183.196 – 10.167.183.19710.167.183.197
22810.167.183.198/3110.167.183.198 – 10.167.183.19910.167.183.199
22910.167.183.200/3110.167.183.200 – 10.167.183.20110.167.183.201
23010.167.183.202/3110.167.183.202 – 10.167.183.20310.167.183.203
23110.167.183.204/3110.167.183.204 – 10.167.183.20510.167.183.205
23210.167.183.206/3110.167.183.206 – 10.167.183.20710.167.183.207
23310.167.183.208/3110.167.183.208 – 10.167.183.20910.167.183.209
23410.167.183.210/3110.167.183.210 – 10.167.183.21110.167.183.211
23510.167.183.212/3110.167.183.212 – 10.167.183.21310.167.183.213
23610.167.183.214/3110.167.183.214 – 10.167.183.21510.167.183.215
23710.167.183.216/3110.167.183.216 – 10.167.183.21710.167.183.217
23810.167.183.218/3110.167.183.218 – 10.167.183.21910.167.183.219
23910.167.183.220/3110.167.183.220 – 10.167.183.22110.167.183.221
24010.167.183.222/3110.167.183.222 – 10.167.183.22310.167.183.223
24110.167.183.224/3110.167.183.224 – 10.167.183.22510.167.183.225
24210.167.183.226/3110.167.183.226 – 10.167.183.22710.167.183.227
24310.167.183.228/3110.167.183.228 – 10.167.183.22910.167.183.229
24410.167.183.230/3110.167.183.230 – 10.167.183.23110.167.183.231
24510.167.183.232/3110.167.183.232 – 10.167.183.23310.167.183.233
24610.167.183.234/3110.167.183.234 – 10.167.183.23510.167.183.235
24710.167.183.236/3110.167.183.236 – 10.167.183.23710.167.183.237
24810.167.183.238/3110.167.183.238 – 10.167.183.23910.167.183.239
24910.167.183.240/3110.167.183.240 – 10.167.183.24110.167.183.241
25010.167.183.242/3110.167.183.242 – 10.167.183.24310.167.183.243
25110.167.183.244/3110.167.183.244 – 10.167.183.24510.167.183.245
25210.167.183.246/3110.167.183.246 – 10.167.183.24710.167.183.247
25310.167.183.248/3110.167.183.248 – 10.167.183.24910.167.183.249
25410.167.183.250/3110.167.183.250 – 10.167.183.25110.167.183.251
25510.167.183.252/3110.167.183.252 – 10.167.183.25310.167.183.253
25610.167.183.254/3110.167.183.254 – 10.167.183.25510.167.183.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →