ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.158.0/23
network10.167.158.0/23
broadcast10.167.159.255
first host10.167.158.1
last host10.167.159.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.158.0/23
address00001010.10100111.10011110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.10011110.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.10011111.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa79e00
decimal178757120
reverse dns0.158.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:9e00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.158.0/3110.167.158.0 – 10.167.158.110.167.158.1
210.167.158.2/3110.167.158.2 – 10.167.158.310.167.158.3
310.167.158.4/3110.167.158.4 – 10.167.158.510.167.158.5
410.167.158.6/3110.167.158.6 – 10.167.158.710.167.158.7
510.167.158.8/3110.167.158.8 – 10.167.158.910.167.158.9
610.167.158.10/3110.167.158.10 – 10.167.158.1110.167.158.11
710.167.158.12/3110.167.158.12 – 10.167.158.1310.167.158.13
810.167.158.14/3110.167.158.14 – 10.167.158.1510.167.158.15
910.167.158.16/3110.167.158.16 – 10.167.158.1710.167.158.17
1010.167.158.18/3110.167.158.18 – 10.167.158.1910.167.158.19
1110.167.158.20/3110.167.158.20 – 10.167.158.2110.167.158.21
1210.167.158.22/3110.167.158.22 – 10.167.158.2310.167.158.23
1310.167.158.24/3110.167.158.24 – 10.167.158.2510.167.158.25
1410.167.158.26/3110.167.158.26 – 10.167.158.2710.167.158.27
1510.167.158.28/3110.167.158.28 – 10.167.158.2910.167.158.29
1610.167.158.30/3110.167.158.30 – 10.167.158.3110.167.158.31
1710.167.158.32/3110.167.158.32 – 10.167.158.3310.167.158.33
1810.167.158.34/3110.167.158.34 – 10.167.158.3510.167.158.35
1910.167.158.36/3110.167.158.36 – 10.167.158.3710.167.158.37
2010.167.158.38/3110.167.158.38 – 10.167.158.3910.167.158.39
2110.167.158.40/3110.167.158.40 – 10.167.158.4110.167.158.41
2210.167.158.42/3110.167.158.42 – 10.167.158.4310.167.158.43
2310.167.158.44/3110.167.158.44 – 10.167.158.4510.167.158.45
2410.167.158.46/3110.167.158.46 – 10.167.158.4710.167.158.47
2510.167.158.48/3110.167.158.48 – 10.167.158.4910.167.158.49
2610.167.158.50/3110.167.158.50 – 10.167.158.5110.167.158.51
2710.167.158.52/3110.167.158.52 – 10.167.158.5310.167.158.53
2810.167.158.54/3110.167.158.54 – 10.167.158.5510.167.158.55
2910.167.158.56/3110.167.158.56 – 10.167.158.5710.167.158.57
3010.167.158.58/3110.167.158.58 – 10.167.158.5910.167.158.59
3110.167.158.60/3110.167.158.60 – 10.167.158.6110.167.158.61
3210.167.158.62/3110.167.158.62 – 10.167.158.6310.167.158.63
3310.167.158.64/3110.167.158.64 – 10.167.158.6510.167.158.65
3410.167.158.66/3110.167.158.66 – 10.167.158.6710.167.158.67
3510.167.158.68/3110.167.158.68 – 10.167.158.6910.167.158.69
3610.167.158.70/3110.167.158.70 – 10.167.158.7110.167.158.71
3710.167.158.72/3110.167.158.72 – 10.167.158.7310.167.158.73
3810.167.158.74/3110.167.158.74 – 10.167.158.7510.167.158.75
3910.167.158.76/3110.167.158.76 – 10.167.158.7710.167.158.77
4010.167.158.78/3110.167.158.78 – 10.167.158.7910.167.158.79
4110.167.158.80/3110.167.158.80 – 10.167.158.8110.167.158.81
4210.167.158.82/3110.167.158.82 – 10.167.158.8310.167.158.83
4310.167.158.84/3110.167.158.84 – 10.167.158.8510.167.158.85
4410.167.158.86/3110.167.158.86 – 10.167.158.8710.167.158.87
4510.167.158.88/3110.167.158.88 – 10.167.158.8910.167.158.89
4610.167.158.90/3110.167.158.90 – 10.167.158.9110.167.158.91
4710.167.158.92/3110.167.158.92 – 10.167.158.9310.167.158.93
4810.167.158.94/3110.167.158.94 – 10.167.158.9510.167.158.95
4910.167.158.96/3110.167.158.96 – 10.167.158.9710.167.158.97
5010.167.158.98/3110.167.158.98 – 10.167.158.9910.167.158.99
5110.167.158.100/3110.167.158.100 – 10.167.158.10110.167.158.101
5210.167.158.102/3110.167.158.102 – 10.167.158.10310.167.158.103
5310.167.158.104/3110.167.158.104 – 10.167.158.10510.167.158.105
5410.167.158.106/3110.167.158.106 – 10.167.158.10710.167.158.107
5510.167.158.108/3110.167.158.108 – 10.167.158.10910.167.158.109
5610.167.158.110/3110.167.158.110 – 10.167.158.11110.167.158.111
5710.167.158.112/3110.167.158.112 – 10.167.158.11310.167.158.113
5810.167.158.114/3110.167.158.114 – 10.167.158.11510.167.158.115
5910.167.158.116/3110.167.158.116 – 10.167.158.11710.167.158.117
6010.167.158.118/3110.167.158.118 – 10.167.158.11910.167.158.119
6110.167.158.120/3110.167.158.120 – 10.167.158.12110.167.158.121
6210.167.158.122/3110.167.158.122 – 10.167.158.12310.167.158.123
6310.167.158.124/3110.167.158.124 – 10.167.158.12510.167.158.125
6410.167.158.126/3110.167.158.126 – 10.167.158.12710.167.158.127
6510.167.158.128/3110.167.158.128 – 10.167.158.12910.167.158.129
6610.167.158.130/3110.167.158.130 – 10.167.158.13110.167.158.131
6710.167.158.132/3110.167.158.132 – 10.167.158.13310.167.158.133
6810.167.158.134/3110.167.158.134 – 10.167.158.13510.167.158.135
6910.167.158.136/3110.167.158.136 – 10.167.158.13710.167.158.137
7010.167.158.138/3110.167.158.138 – 10.167.158.13910.167.158.139
7110.167.158.140/3110.167.158.140 – 10.167.158.14110.167.158.141
7210.167.158.142/3110.167.158.142 – 10.167.158.14310.167.158.143
7310.167.158.144/3110.167.158.144 – 10.167.158.14510.167.158.145
7410.167.158.146/3110.167.158.146 – 10.167.158.14710.167.158.147
7510.167.158.148/3110.167.158.148 – 10.167.158.14910.167.158.149
7610.167.158.150/3110.167.158.150 – 10.167.158.15110.167.158.151
7710.167.158.152/3110.167.158.152 – 10.167.158.15310.167.158.153
7810.167.158.154/3110.167.158.154 – 10.167.158.15510.167.158.155
7910.167.158.156/3110.167.158.156 – 10.167.158.15710.167.158.157
8010.167.158.158/3110.167.158.158 – 10.167.158.15910.167.158.159
8110.167.158.160/3110.167.158.160 – 10.167.158.16110.167.158.161
8210.167.158.162/3110.167.158.162 – 10.167.158.16310.167.158.163
8310.167.158.164/3110.167.158.164 – 10.167.158.16510.167.158.165
8410.167.158.166/3110.167.158.166 – 10.167.158.16710.167.158.167
8510.167.158.168/3110.167.158.168 – 10.167.158.16910.167.158.169
8610.167.158.170/3110.167.158.170 – 10.167.158.17110.167.158.171
8710.167.158.172/3110.167.158.172 – 10.167.158.17310.167.158.173
8810.167.158.174/3110.167.158.174 – 10.167.158.17510.167.158.175
8910.167.158.176/3110.167.158.176 – 10.167.158.17710.167.158.177
9010.167.158.178/3110.167.158.178 – 10.167.158.17910.167.158.179
9110.167.158.180/3110.167.158.180 – 10.167.158.18110.167.158.181
9210.167.158.182/3110.167.158.182 – 10.167.158.18310.167.158.183
9310.167.158.184/3110.167.158.184 – 10.167.158.18510.167.158.185
9410.167.158.186/3110.167.158.186 – 10.167.158.18710.167.158.187
9510.167.158.188/3110.167.158.188 – 10.167.158.18910.167.158.189
9610.167.158.190/3110.167.158.190 – 10.167.158.19110.167.158.191
9710.167.158.192/3110.167.158.192 – 10.167.158.19310.167.158.193
9810.167.158.194/3110.167.158.194 – 10.167.158.19510.167.158.195
9910.167.158.196/3110.167.158.196 – 10.167.158.19710.167.158.197
10010.167.158.198/3110.167.158.198 – 10.167.158.19910.167.158.199
10110.167.158.200/3110.167.158.200 – 10.167.158.20110.167.158.201
10210.167.158.202/3110.167.158.202 – 10.167.158.20310.167.158.203
10310.167.158.204/3110.167.158.204 – 10.167.158.20510.167.158.205
10410.167.158.206/3110.167.158.206 – 10.167.158.20710.167.158.207
10510.167.158.208/3110.167.158.208 – 10.167.158.20910.167.158.209
10610.167.158.210/3110.167.158.210 – 10.167.158.21110.167.158.211
10710.167.158.212/3110.167.158.212 – 10.167.158.21310.167.158.213
10810.167.158.214/3110.167.158.214 – 10.167.158.21510.167.158.215
10910.167.158.216/3110.167.158.216 – 10.167.158.21710.167.158.217
11010.167.158.218/3110.167.158.218 – 10.167.158.21910.167.158.219
11110.167.158.220/3110.167.158.220 – 10.167.158.22110.167.158.221
11210.167.158.222/3110.167.158.222 – 10.167.158.22310.167.158.223
11310.167.158.224/3110.167.158.224 – 10.167.158.22510.167.158.225
11410.167.158.226/3110.167.158.226 – 10.167.158.22710.167.158.227
11510.167.158.228/3110.167.158.228 – 10.167.158.22910.167.158.229
11610.167.158.230/3110.167.158.230 – 10.167.158.23110.167.158.231
11710.167.158.232/3110.167.158.232 – 10.167.158.23310.167.158.233
11810.167.158.234/3110.167.158.234 – 10.167.158.23510.167.158.235
11910.167.158.236/3110.167.158.236 – 10.167.158.23710.167.158.237
12010.167.158.238/3110.167.158.238 – 10.167.158.23910.167.158.239
12110.167.158.240/3110.167.158.240 – 10.167.158.24110.167.158.241
12210.167.158.242/3110.167.158.242 – 10.167.158.24310.167.158.243
12310.167.158.244/3110.167.158.244 – 10.167.158.24510.167.158.245
12410.167.158.246/3110.167.158.246 – 10.167.158.24710.167.158.247
12510.167.158.248/3110.167.158.248 – 10.167.158.24910.167.158.249
12610.167.158.250/3110.167.158.250 – 10.167.158.25110.167.158.251
12710.167.158.252/3110.167.158.252 – 10.167.158.25310.167.158.253
12810.167.158.254/3110.167.158.254 – 10.167.158.25510.167.158.255
12910.167.159.0/3110.167.159.0 – 10.167.159.110.167.159.1
13010.167.159.2/3110.167.159.2 – 10.167.159.310.167.159.3
13110.167.159.4/3110.167.159.4 – 10.167.159.510.167.159.5
13210.167.159.6/3110.167.159.6 – 10.167.159.710.167.159.7
13310.167.159.8/3110.167.159.8 – 10.167.159.910.167.159.9
13410.167.159.10/3110.167.159.10 – 10.167.159.1110.167.159.11
13510.167.159.12/3110.167.159.12 – 10.167.159.1310.167.159.13
13610.167.159.14/3110.167.159.14 – 10.167.159.1510.167.159.15
13710.167.159.16/3110.167.159.16 – 10.167.159.1710.167.159.17
13810.167.159.18/3110.167.159.18 – 10.167.159.1910.167.159.19
13910.167.159.20/3110.167.159.20 – 10.167.159.2110.167.159.21
14010.167.159.22/3110.167.159.22 – 10.167.159.2310.167.159.23
14110.167.159.24/3110.167.159.24 – 10.167.159.2510.167.159.25
14210.167.159.26/3110.167.159.26 – 10.167.159.2710.167.159.27
14310.167.159.28/3110.167.159.28 – 10.167.159.2910.167.159.29
14410.167.159.30/3110.167.159.30 – 10.167.159.3110.167.159.31
14510.167.159.32/3110.167.159.32 – 10.167.159.3310.167.159.33
14610.167.159.34/3110.167.159.34 – 10.167.159.3510.167.159.35
14710.167.159.36/3110.167.159.36 – 10.167.159.3710.167.159.37
14810.167.159.38/3110.167.159.38 – 10.167.159.3910.167.159.39
14910.167.159.40/3110.167.159.40 – 10.167.159.4110.167.159.41
15010.167.159.42/3110.167.159.42 – 10.167.159.4310.167.159.43
15110.167.159.44/3110.167.159.44 – 10.167.159.4510.167.159.45
15210.167.159.46/3110.167.159.46 – 10.167.159.4710.167.159.47
15310.167.159.48/3110.167.159.48 – 10.167.159.4910.167.159.49
15410.167.159.50/3110.167.159.50 – 10.167.159.5110.167.159.51
15510.167.159.52/3110.167.159.52 – 10.167.159.5310.167.159.53
15610.167.159.54/3110.167.159.54 – 10.167.159.5510.167.159.55
15710.167.159.56/3110.167.159.56 – 10.167.159.5710.167.159.57
15810.167.159.58/3110.167.159.58 – 10.167.159.5910.167.159.59
15910.167.159.60/3110.167.159.60 – 10.167.159.6110.167.159.61
16010.167.159.62/3110.167.159.62 – 10.167.159.6310.167.159.63
16110.167.159.64/3110.167.159.64 – 10.167.159.6510.167.159.65
16210.167.159.66/3110.167.159.66 – 10.167.159.6710.167.159.67
16310.167.159.68/3110.167.159.68 – 10.167.159.6910.167.159.69
16410.167.159.70/3110.167.159.70 – 10.167.159.7110.167.159.71
16510.167.159.72/3110.167.159.72 – 10.167.159.7310.167.159.73
16610.167.159.74/3110.167.159.74 – 10.167.159.7510.167.159.75
16710.167.159.76/3110.167.159.76 – 10.167.159.7710.167.159.77
16810.167.159.78/3110.167.159.78 – 10.167.159.7910.167.159.79
16910.167.159.80/3110.167.159.80 – 10.167.159.8110.167.159.81
17010.167.159.82/3110.167.159.82 – 10.167.159.8310.167.159.83
17110.167.159.84/3110.167.159.84 – 10.167.159.8510.167.159.85
17210.167.159.86/3110.167.159.86 – 10.167.159.8710.167.159.87
17310.167.159.88/3110.167.159.88 – 10.167.159.8910.167.159.89
17410.167.159.90/3110.167.159.90 – 10.167.159.9110.167.159.91
17510.167.159.92/3110.167.159.92 – 10.167.159.9310.167.159.93
17610.167.159.94/3110.167.159.94 – 10.167.159.9510.167.159.95
17710.167.159.96/3110.167.159.96 – 10.167.159.9710.167.159.97
17810.167.159.98/3110.167.159.98 – 10.167.159.9910.167.159.99
17910.167.159.100/3110.167.159.100 – 10.167.159.10110.167.159.101
18010.167.159.102/3110.167.159.102 – 10.167.159.10310.167.159.103
18110.167.159.104/3110.167.159.104 – 10.167.159.10510.167.159.105
18210.167.159.106/3110.167.159.106 – 10.167.159.10710.167.159.107
18310.167.159.108/3110.167.159.108 – 10.167.159.10910.167.159.109
18410.167.159.110/3110.167.159.110 – 10.167.159.11110.167.159.111
18510.167.159.112/3110.167.159.112 – 10.167.159.11310.167.159.113
18610.167.159.114/3110.167.159.114 – 10.167.159.11510.167.159.115
18710.167.159.116/3110.167.159.116 – 10.167.159.11710.167.159.117
18810.167.159.118/3110.167.159.118 – 10.167.159.11910.167.159.119
18910.167.159.120/3110.167.159.120 – 10.167.159.12110.167.159.121
19010.167.159.122/3110.167.159.122 – 10.167.159.12310.167.159.123
19110.167.159.124/3110.167.159.124 – 10.167.159.12510.167.159.125
19210.167.159.126/3110.167.159.126 – 10.167.159.12710.167.159.127
19310.167.159.128/3110.167.159.128 – 10.167.159.12910.167.159.129
19410.167.159.130/3110.167.159.130 – 10.167.159.13110.167.159.131
19510.167.159.132/3110.167.159.132 – 10.167.159.13310.167.159.133
19610.167.159.134/3110.167.159.134 – 10.167.159.13510.167.159.135
19710.167.159.136/3110.167.159.136 – 10.167.159.13710.167.159.137
19810.167.159.138/3110.167.159.138 – 10.167.159.13910.167.159.139
19910.167.159.140/3110.167.159.140 – 10.167.159.14110.167.159.141
20010.167.159.142/3110.167.159.142 – 10.167.159.14310.167.159.143
20110.167.159.144/3110.167.159.144 – 10.167.159.14510.167.159.145
20210.167.159.146/3110.167.159.146 – 10.167.159.14710.167.159.147
20310.167.159.148/3110.167.159.148 – 10.167.159.14910.167.159.149
20410.167.159.150/3110.167.159.150 – 10.167.159.15110.167.159.151
20510.167.159.152/3110.167.159.152 – 10.167.159.15310.167.159.153
20610.167.159.154/3110.167.159.154 – 10.167.159.15510.167.159.155
20710.167.159.156/3110.167.159.156 – 10.167.159.15710.167.159.157
20810.167.159.158/3110.167.159.158 – 10.167.159.15910.167.159.159
20910.167.159.160/3110.167.159.160 – 10.167.159.16110.167.159.161
21010.167.159.162/3110.167.159.162 – 10.167.159.16310.167.159.163
21110.167.159.164/3110.167.159.164 – 10.167.159.16510.167.159.165
21210.167.159.166/3110.167.159.166 – 10.167.159.16710.167.159.167
21310.167.159.168/3110.167.159.168 – 10.167.159.16910.167.159.169
21410.167.159.170/3110.167.159.170 – 10.167.159.17110.167.159.171
21510.167.159.172/3110.167.159.172 – 10.167.159.17310.167.159.173
21610.167.159.174/3110.167.159.174 – 10.167.159.17510.167.159.175
21710.167.159.176/3110.167.159.176 – 10.167.159.17710.167.159.177
21810.167.159.178/3110.167.159.178 – 10.167.159.17910.167.159.179
21910.167.159.180/3110.167.159.180 – 10.167.159.18110.167.159.181
22010.167.159.182/3110.167.159.182 – 10.167.159.18310.167.159.183
22110.167.159.184/3110.167.159.184 – 10.167.159.18510.167.159.185
22210.167.159.186/3110.167.159.186 – 10.167.159.18710.167.159.187
22310.167.159.188/3110.167.159.188 – 10.167.159.18910.167.159.189
22410.167.159.190/3110.167.159.190 – 10.167.159.19110.167.159.191
22510.167.159.192/3110.167.159.192 – 10.167.159.19310.167.159.193
22610.167.159.194/3110.167.159.194 – 10.167.159.19510.167.159.195
22710.167.159.196/3110.167.159.196 – 10.167.159.19710.167.159.197
22810.167.159.198/3110.167.159.198 – 10.167.159.19910.167.159.199
22910.167.159.200/3110.167.159.200 – 10.167.159.20110.167.159.201
23010.167.159.202/3110.167.159.202 – 10.167.159.20310.167.159.203
23110.167.159.204/3110.167.159.204 – 10.167.159.20510.167.159.205
23210.167.159.206/3110.167.159.206 – 10.167.159.20710.167.159.207
23310.167.159.208/3110.167.159.208 – 10.167.159.20910.167.159.209
23410.167.159.210/3110.167.159.210 – 10.167.159.21110.167.159.211
23510.167.159.212/3110.167.159.212 – 10.167.159.21310.167.159.213
23610.167.159.214/3110.167.159.214 – 10.167.159.21510.167.159.215
23710.167.159.216/3110.167.159.216 – 10.167.159.21710.167.159.217
23810.167.159.218/3110.167.159.218 – 10.167.159.21910.167.159.219
23910.167.159.220/3110.167.159.220 – 10.167.159.22110.167.159.221
24010.167.159.222/3110.167.159.222 – 10.167.159.22310.167.159.223
24110.167.159.224/3110.167.159.224 – 10.167.159.22510.167.159.225
24210.167.159.226/3110.167.159.226 – 10.167.159.22710.167.159.227
24310.167.159.228/3110.167.159.228 – 10.167.159.22910.167.159.229
24410.167.159.230/3110.167.159.230 – 10.167.159.23110.167.159.231
24510.167.159.232/3110.167.159.232 – 10.167.159.23310.167.159.233
24610.167.159.234/3110.167.159.234 – 10.167.159.23510.167.159.235
24710.167.159.236/3110.167.159.236 – 10.167.159.23710.167.159.237
24810.167.159.238/3110.167.159.238 – 10.167.159.23910.167.159.239
24910.167.159.240/3110.167.159.240 – 10.167.159.24110.167.159.241
25010.167.159.242/3110.167.159.242 – 10.167.159.24310.167.159.243
25110.167.159.244/3110.167.159.244 – 10.167.159.24510.167.159.245
25210.167.159.246/3110.167.159.246 – 10.167.159.24710.167.159.247
25310.167.159.248/3110.167.159.248 – 10.167.159.24910.167.159.249
25410.167.159.250/3110.167.159.250 – 10.167.159.25110.167.159.251
25510.167.159.252/3110.167.159.252 – 10.167.159.25310.167.159.253
25610.167.159.254/3110.167.159.254 – 10.167.159.25510.167.159.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →