ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.146.0/23
network10.167.146.0/23
broadcast10.167.147.255
first host10.167.146.1
last host10.167.147.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.146.0/23
address00001010.10100111.10010010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.10010010.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.10010011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa79200
decimal178754048
reverse dns0.146.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:9200

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.146.0/3110.167.146.0 – 10.167.146.110.167.146.1
210.167.146.2/3110.167.146.2 – 10.167.146.310.167.146.3
310.167.146.4/3110.167.146.4 – 10.167.146.510.167.146.5
410.167.146.6/3110.167.146.6 – 10.167.146.710.167.146.7
510.167.146.8/3110.167.146.8 – 10.167.146.910.167.146.9
610.167.146.10/3110.167.146.10 – 10.167.146.1110.167.146.11
710.167.146.12/3110.167.146.12 – 10.167.146.1310.167.146.13
810.167.146.14/3110.167.146.14 – 10.167.146.1510.167.146.15
910.167.146.16/3110.167.146.16 – 10.167.146.1710.167.146.17
1010.167.146.18/3110.167.146.18 – 10.167.146.1910.167.146.19
1110.167.146.20/3110.167.146.20 – 10.167.146.2110.167.146.21
1210.167.146.22/3110.167.146.22 – 10.167.146.2310.167.146.23
1310.167.146.24/3110.167.146.24 – 10.167.146.2510.167.146.25
1410.167.146.26/3110.167.146.26 – 10.167.146.2710.167.146.27
1510.167.146.28/3110.167.146.28 – 10.167.146.2910.167.146.29
1610.167.146.30/3110.167.146.30 – 10.167.146.3110.167.146.31
1710.167.146.32/3110.167.146.32 – 10.167.146.3310.167.146.33
1810.167.146.34/3110.167.146.34 – 10.167.146.3510.167.146.35
1910.167.146.36/3110.167.146.36 – 10.167.146.3710.167.146.37
2010.167.146.38/3110.167.146.38 – 10.167.146.3910.167.146.39
2110.167.146.40/3110.167.146.40 – 10.167.146.4110.167.146.41
2210.167.146.42/3110.167.146.42 – 10.167.146.4310.167.146.43
2310.167.146.44/3110.167.146.44 – 10.167.146.4510.167.146.45
2410.167.146.46/3110.167.146.46 – 10.167.146.4710.167.146.47
2510.167.146.48/3110.167.146.48 – 10.167.146.4910.167.146.49
2610.167.146.50/3110.167.146.50 – 10.167.146.5110.167.146.51
2710.167.146.52/3110.167.146.52 – 10.167.146.5310.167.146.53
2810.167.146.54/3110.167.146.54 – 10.167.146.5510.167.146.55
2910.167.146.56/3110.167.146.56 – 10.167.146.5710.167.146.57
3010.167.146.58/3110.167.146.58 – 10.167.146.5910.167.146.59
3110.167.146.60/3110.167.146.60 – 10.167.146.6110.167.146.61
3210.167.146.62/3110.167.146.62 – 10.167.146.6310.167.146.63
3310.167.146.64/3110.167.146.64 – 10.167.146.6510.167.146.65
3410.167.146.66/3110.167.146.66 – 10.167.146.6710.167.146.67
3510.167.146.68/3110.167.146.68 – 10.167.146.6910.167.146.69
3610.167.146.70/3110.167.146.70 – 10.167.146.7110.167.146.71
3710.167.146.72/3110.167.146.72 – 10.167.146.7310.167.146.73
3810.167.146.74/3110.167.146.74 – 10.167.146.7510.167.146.75
3910.167.146.76/3110.167.146.76 – 10.167.146.7710.167.146.77
4010.167.146.78/3110.167.146.78 – 10.167.146.7910.167.146.79
4110.167.146.80/3110.167.146.80 – 10.167.146.8110.167.146.81
4210.167.146.82/3110.167.146.82 – 10.167.146.8310.167.146.83
4310.167.146.84/3110.167.146.84 – 10.167.146.8510.167.146.85
4410.167.146.86/3110.167.146.86 – 10.167.146.8710.167.146.87
4510.167.146.88/3110.167.146.88 – 10.167.146.8910.167.146.89
4610.167.146.90/3110.167.146.90 – 10.167.146.9110.167.146.91
4710.167.146.92/3110.167.146.92 – 10.167.146.9310.167.146.93
4810.167.146.94/3110.167.146.94 – 10.167.146.9510.167.146.95
4910.167.146.96/3110.167.146.96 – 10.167.146.9710.167.146.97
5010.167.146.98/3110.167.146.98 – 10.167.146.9910.167.146.99
5110.167.146.100/3110.167.146.100 – 10.167.146.10110.167.146.101
5210.167.146.102/3110.167.146.102 – 10.167.146.10310.167.146.103
5310.167.146.104/3110.167.146.104 – 10.167.146.10510.167.146.105
5410.167.146.106/3110.167.146.106 – 10.167.146.10710.167.146.107
5510.167.146.108/3110.167.146.108 – 10.167.146.10910.167.146.109
5610.167.146.110/3110.167.146.110 – 10.167.146.11110.167.146.111
5710.167.146.112/3110.167.146.112 – 10.167.146.11310.167.146.113
5810.167.146.114/3110.167.146.114 – 10.167.146.11510.167.146.115
5910.167.146.116/3110.167.146.116 – 10.167.146.11710.167.146.117
6010.167.146.118/3110.167.146.118 – 10.167.146.11910.167.146.119
6110.167.146.120/3110.167.146.120 – 10.167.146.12110.167.146.121
6210.167.146.122/3110.167.146.122 – 10.167.146.12310.167.146.123
6310.167.146.124/3110.167.146.124 – 10.167.146.12510.167.146.125
6410.167.146.126/3110.167.146.126 – 10.167.146.12710.167.146.127
6510.167.146.128/3110.167.146.128 – 10.167.146.12910.167.146.129
6610.167.146.130/3110.167.146.130 – 10.167.146.13110.167.146.131
6710.167.146.132/3110.167.146.132 – 10.167.146.13310.167.146.133
6810.167.146.134/3110.167.146.134 – 10.167.146.13510.167.146.135
6910.167.146.136/3110.167.146.136 – 10.167.146.13710.167.146.137
7010.167.146.138/3110.167.146.138 – 10.167.146.13910.167.146.139
7110.167.146.140/3110.167.146.140 – 10.167.146.14110.167.146.141
7210.167.146.142/3110.167.146.142 – 10.167.146.14310.167.146.143
7310.167.146.144/3110.167.146.144 – 10.167.146.14510.167.146.145
7410.167.146.146/3110.167.146.146 – 10.167.146.14710.167.146.147
7510.167.146.148/3110.167.146.148 – 10.167.146.14910.167.146.149
7610.167.146.150/3110.167.146.150 – 10.167.146.15110.167.146.151
7710.167.146.152/3110.167.146.152 – 10.167.146.15310.167.146.153
7810.167.146.154/3110.167.146.154 – 10.167.146.15510.167.146.155
7910.167.146.156/3110.167.146.156 – 10.167.146.15710.167.146.157
8010.167.146.158/3110.167.146.158 – 10.167.146.15910.167.146.159
8110.167.146.160/3110.167.146.160 – 10.167.146.16110.167.146.161
8210.167.146.162/3110.167.146.162 – 10.167.146.16310.167.146.163
8310.167.146.164/3110.167.146.164 – 10.167.146.16510.167.146.165
8410.167.146.166/3110.167.146.166 – 10.167.146.16710.167.146.167
8510.167.146.168/3110.167.146.168 – 10.167.146.16910.167.146.169
8610.167.146.170/3110.167.146.170 – 10.167.146.17110.167.146.171
8710.167.146.172/3110.167.146.172 – 10.167.146.17310.167.146.173
8810.167.146.174/3110.167.146.174 – 10.167.146.17510.167.146.175
8910.167.146.176/3110.167.146.176 – 10.167.146.17710.167.146.177
9010.167.146.178/3110.167.146.178 – 10.167.146.17910.167.146.179
9110.167.146.180/3110.167.146.180 – 10.167.146.18110.167.146.181
9210.167.146.182/3110.167.146.182 – 10.167.146.18310.167.146.183
9310.167.146.184/3110.167.146.184 – 10.167.146.18510.167.146.185
9410.167.146.186/3110.167.146.186 – 10.167.146.18710.167.146.187
9510.167.146.188/3110.167.146.188 – 10.167.146.18910.167.146.189
9610.167.146.190/3110.167.146.190 – 10.167.146.19110.167.146.191
9710.167.146.192/3110.167.146.192 – 10.167.146.19310.167.146.193
9810.167.146.194/3110.167.146.194 – 10.167.146.19510.167.146.195
9910.167.146.196/3110.167.146.196 – 10.167.146.19710.167.146.197
10010.167.146.198/3110.167.146.198 – 10.167.146.19910.167.146.199
10110.167.146.200/3110.167.146.200 – 10.167.146.20110.167.146.201
10210.167.146.202/3110.167.146.202 – 10.167.146.20310.167.146.203
10310.167.146.204/3110.167.146.204 – 10.167.146.20510.167.146.205
10410.167.146.206/3110.167.146.206 – 10.167.146.20710.167.146.207
10510.167.146.208/3110.167.146.208 – 10.167.146.20910.167.146.209
10610.167.146.210/3110.167.146.210 – 10.167.146.21110.167.146.211
10710.167.146.212/3110.167.146.212 – 10.167.146.21310.167.146.213
10810.167.146.214/3110.167.146.214 – 10.167.146.21510.167.146.215
10910.167.146.216/3110.167.146.216 – 10.167.146.21710.167.146.217
11010.167.146.218/3110.167.146.218 – 10.167.146.21910.167.146.219
11110.167.146.220/3110.167.146.220 – 10.167.146.22110.167.146.221
11210.167.146.222/3110.167.146.222 – 10.167.146.22310.167.146.223
11310.167.146.224/3110.167.146.224 – 10.167.146.22510.167.146.225
11410.167.146.226/3110.167.146.226 – 10.167.146.22710.167.146.227
11510.167.146.228/3110.167.146.228 – 10.167.146.22910.167.146.229
11610.167.146.230/3110.167.146.230 – 10.167.146.23110.167.146.231
11710.167.146.232/3110.167.146.232 – 10.167.146.23310.167.146.233
11810.167.146.234/3110.167.146.234 – 10.167.146.23510.167.146.235
11910.167.146.236/3110.167.146.236 – 10.167.146.23710.167.146.237
12010.167.146.238/3110.167.146.238 – 10.167.146.23910.167.146.239
12110.167.146.240/3110.167.146.240 – 10.167.146.24110.167.146.241
12210.167.146.242/3110.167.146.242 – 10.167.146.24310.167.146.243
12310.167.146.244/3110.167.146.244 – 10.167.146.24510.167.146.245
12410.167.146.246/3110.167.146.246 – 10.167.146.24710.167.146.247
12510.167.146.248/3110.167.146.248 – 10.167.146.24910.167.146.249
12610.167.146.250/3110.167.146.250 – 10.167.146.25110.167.146.251
12710.167.146.252/3110.167.146.252 – 10.167.146.25310.167.146.253
12810.167.146.254/3110.167.146.254 – 10.167.146.25510.167.146.255
12910.167.147.0/3110.167.147.0 – 10.167.147.110.167.147.1
13010.167.147.2/3110.167.147.2 – 10.167.147.310.167.147.3
13110.167.147.4/3110.167.147.4 – 10.167.147.510.167.147.5
13210.167.147.6/3110.167.147.6 – 10.167.147.710.167.147.7
13310.167.147.8/3110.167.147.8 – 10.167.147.910.167.147.9
13410.167.147.10/3110.167.147.10 – 10.167.147.1110.167.147.11
13510.167.147.12/3110.167.147.12 – 10.167.147.1310.167.147.13
13610.167.147.14/3110.167.147.14 – 10.167.147.1510.167.147.15
13710.167.147.16/3110.167.147.16 – 10.167.147.1710.167.147.17
13810.167.147.18/3110.167.147.18 – 10.167.147.1910.167.147.19
13910.167.147.20/3110.167.147.20 – 10.167.147.2110.167.147.21
14010.167.147.22/3110.167.147.22 – 10.167.147.2310.167.147.23
14110.167.147.24/3110.167.147.24 – 10.167.147.2510.167.147.25
14210.167.147.26/3110.167.147.26 – 10.167.147.2710.167.147.27
14310.167.147.28/3110.167.147.28 – 10.167.147.2910.167.147.29
14410.167.147.30/3110.167.147.30 – 10.167.147.3110.167.147.31
14510.167.147.32/3110.167.147.32 – 10.167.147.3310.167.147.33
14610.167.147.34/3110.167.147.34 – 10.167.147.3510.167.147.35
14710.167.147.36/3110.167.147.36 – 10.167.147.3710.167.147.37
14810.167.147.38/3110.167.147.38 – 10.167.147.3910.167.147.39
14910.167.147.40/3110.167.147.40 – 10.167.147.4110.167.147.41
15010.167.147.42/3110.167.147.42 – 10.167.147.4310.167.147.43
15110.167.147.44/3110.167.147.44 – 10.167.147.4510.167.147.45
15210.167.147.46/3110.167.147.46 – 10.167.147.4710.167.147.47
15310.167.147.48/3110.167.147.48 – 10.167.147.4910.167.147.49
15410.167.147.50/3110.167.147.50 – 10.167.147.5110.167.147.51
15510.167.147.52/3110.167.147.52 – 10.167.147.5310.167.147.53
15610.167.147.54/3110.167.147.54 – 10.167.147.5510.167.147.55
15710.167.147.56/3110.167.147.56 – 10.167.147.5710.167.147.57
15810.167.147.58/3110.167.147.58 – 10.167.147.5910.167.147.59
15910.167.147.60/3110.167.147.60 – 10.167.147.6110.167.147.61
16010.167.147.62/3110.167.147.62 – 10.167.147.6310.167.147.63
16110.167.147.64/3110.167.147.64 – 10.167.147.6510.167.147.65
16210.167.147.66/3110.167.147.66 – 10.167.147.6710.167.147.67
16310.167.147.68/3110.167.147.68 – 10.167.147.6910.167.147.69
16410.167.147.70/3110.167.147.70 – 10.167.147.7110.167.147.71
16510.167.147.72/3110.167.147.72 – 10.167.147.7310.167.147.73
16610.167.147.74/3110.167.147.74 – 10.167.147.7510.167.147.75
16710.167.147.76/3110.167.147.76 – 10.167.147.7710.167.147.77
16810.167.147.78/3110.167.147.78 – 10.167.147.7910.167.147.79
16910.167.147.80/3110.167.147.80 – 10.167.147.8110.167.147.81
17010.167.147.82/3110.167.147.82 – 10.167.147.8310.167.147.83
17110.167.147.84/3110.167.147.84 – 10.167.147.8510.167.147.85
17210.167.147.86/3110.167.147.86 – 10.167.147.8710.167.147.87
17310.167.147.88/3110.167.147.88 – 10.167.147.8910.167.147.89
17410.167.147.90/3110.167.147.90 – 10.167.147.9110.167.147.91
17510.167.147.92/3110.167.147.92 – 10.167.147.9310.167.147.93
17610.167.147.94/3110.167.147.94 – 10.167.147.9510.167.147.95
17710.167.147.96/3110.167.147.96 – 10.167.147.9710.167.147.97
17810.167.147.98/3110.167.147.98 – 10.167.147.9910.167.147.99
17910.167.147.100/3110.167.147.100 – 10.167.147.10110.167.147.101
18010.167.147.102/3110.167.147.102 – 10.167.147.10310.167.147.103
18110.167.147.104/3110.167.147.104 – 10.167.147.10510.167.147.105
18210.167.147.106/3110.167.147.106 – 10.167.147.10710.167.147.107
18310.167.147.108/3110.167.147.108 – 10.167.147.10910.167.147.109
18410.167.147.110/3110.167.147.110 – 10.167.147.11110.167.147.111
18510.167.147.112/3110.167.147.112 – 10.167.147.11310.167.147.113
18610.167.147.114/3110.167.147.114 – 10.167.147.11510.167.147.115
18710.167.147.116/3110.167.147.116 – 10.167.147.11710.167.147.117
18810.167.147.118/3110.167.147.118 – 10.167.147.11910.167.147.119
18910.167.147.120/3110.167.147.120 – 10.167.147.12110.167.147.121
19010.167.147.122/3110.167.147.122 – 10.167.147.12310.167.147.123
19110.167.147.124/3110.167.147.124 – 10.167.147.12510.167.147.125
19210.167.147.126/3110.167.147.126 – 10.167.147.12710.167.147.127
19310.167.147.128/3110.167.147.128 – 10.167.147.12910.167.147.129
19410.167.147.130/3110.167.147.130 – 10.167.147.13110.167.147.131
19510.167.147.132/3110.167.147.132 – 10.167.147.13310.167.147.133
19610.167.147.134/3110.167.147.134 – 10.167.147.13510.167.147.135
19710.167.147.136/3110.167.147.136 – 10.167.147.13710.167.147.137
19810.167.147.138/3110.167.147.138 – 10.167.147.13910.167.147.139
19910.167.147.140/3110.167.147.140 – 10.167.147.14110.167.147.141
20010.167.147.142/3110.167.147.142 – 10.167.147.14310.167.147.143
20110.167.147.144/3110.167.147.144 – 10.167.147.14510.167.147.145
20210.167.147.146/3110.167.147.146 – 10.167.147.14710.167.147.147
20310.167.147.148/3110.167.147.148 – 10.167.147.14910.167.147.149
20410.167.147.150/3110.167.147.150 – 10.167.147.15110.167.147.151
20510.167.147.152/3110.167.147.152 – 10.167.147.15310.167.147.153
20610.167.147.154/3110.167.147.154 – 10.167.147.15510.167.147.155
20710.167.147.156/3110.167.147.156 – 10.167.147.15710.167.147.157
20810.167.147.158/3110.167.147.158 – 10.167.147.15910.167.147.159
20910.167.147.160/3110.167.147.160 – 10.167.147.16110.167.147.161
21010.167.147.162/3110.167.147.162 – 10.167.147.16310.167.147.163
21110.167.147.164/3110.167.147.164 – 10.167.147.16510.167.147.165
21210.167.147.166/3110.167.147.166 – 10.167.147.16710.167.147.167
21310.167.147.168/3110.167.147.168 – 10.167.147.16910.167.147.169
21410.167.147.170/3110.167.147.170 – 10.167.147.17110.167.147.171
21510.167.147.172/3110.167.147.172 – 10.167.147.17310.167.147.173
21610.167.147.174/3110.167.147.174 – 10.167.147.17510.167.147.175
21710.167.147.176/3110.167.147.176 – 10.167.147.17710.167.147.177
21810.167.147.178/3110.167.147.178 – 10.167.147.17910.167.147.179
21910.167.147.180/3110.167.147.180 – 10.167.147.18110.167.147.181
22010.167.147.182/3110.167.147.182 – 10.167.147.18310.167.147.183
22110.167.147.184/3110.167.147.184 – 10.167.147.18510.167.147.185
22210.167.147.186/3110.167.147.186 – 10.167.147.18710.167.147.187
22310.167.147.188/3110.167.147.188 – 10.167.147.18910.167.147.189
22410.167.147.190/3110.167.147.190 – 10.167.147.19110.167.147.191
22510.167.147.192/3110.167.147.192 – 10.167.147.19310.167.147.193
22610.167.147.194/3110.167.147.194 – 10.167.147.19510.167.147.195
22710.167.147.196/3110.167.147.196 – 10.167.147.19710.167.147.197
22810.167.147.198/3110.167.147.198 – 10.167.147.19910.167.147.199
22910.167.147.200/3110.167.147.200 – 10.167.147.20110.167.147.201
23010.167.147.202/3110.167.147.202 – 10.167.147.20310.167.147.203
23110.167.147.204/3110.167.147.204 – 10.167.147.20510.167.147.205
23210.167.147.206/3110.167.147.206 – 10.167.147.20710.167.147.207
23310.167.147.208/3110.167.147.208 – 10.167.147.20910.167.147.209
23410.167.147.210/3110.167.147.210 – 10.167.147.21110.167.147.211
23510.167.147.212/3110.167.147.212 – 10.167.147.21310.167.147.213
23610.167.147.214/3110.167.147.214 – 10.167.147.21510.167.147.215
23710.167.147.216/3110.167.147.216 – 10.167.147.21710.167.147.217
23810.167.147.218/3110.167.147.218 – 10.167.147.21910.167.147.219
23910.167.147.220/3110.167.147.220 – 10.167.147.22110.167.147.221
24010.167.147.222/3110.167.147.222 – 10.167.147.22310.167.147.223
24110.167.147.224/3110.167.147.224 – 10.167.147.22510.167.147.225
24210.167.147.226/3110.167.147.226 – 10.167.147.22710.167.147.227
24310.167.147.228/3110.167.147.228 – 10.167.147.22910.167.147.229
24410.167.147.230/3110.167.147.230 – 10.167.147.23110.167.147.231
24510.167.147.232/3110.167.147.232 – 10.167.147.23310.167.147.233
24610.167.147.234/3110.167.147.234 – 10.167.147.23510.167.147.235
24710.167.147.236/3110.167.147.236 – 10.167.147.23710.167.147.237
24810.167.147.238/3110.167.147.238 – 10.167.147.23910.167.147.239
24910.167.147.240/3110.167.147.240 – 10.167.147.24110.167.147.241
25010.167.147.242/3110.167.147.242 – 10.167.147.24310.167.147.243
25110.167.147.244/3110.167.147.244 – 10.167.147.24510.167.147.245
25210.167.147.246/3110.167.147.246 – 10.167.147.24710.167.147.247
25310.167.147.248/3110.167.147.248 – 10.167.147.24910.167.147.249
25410.167.147.250/3110.167.147.250 – 10.167.147.25110.167.147.251
25510.167.147.252/3110.167.147.252 – 10.167.147.25310.167.147.253
25610.167.147.254/3110.167.147.254 – 10.167.147.25510.167.147.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →