ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.167.138.0/23
network10.167.138.0/23
broadcast10.167.139.255
first host10.167.138.1
last host10.167.139.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.167.138.0/23
address00001010.10100111.10001010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.10100111.10001010.00000000
broadcast00001010.10100111.10001011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0aa78a00
decimal178752000
reverse dns0.138.167.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:aa7:8a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.167.138.0/3110.167.138.0 – 10.167.138.110.167.138.1
210.167.138.2/3110.167.138.2 – 10.167.138.310.167.138.3
310.167.138.4/3110.167.138.4 – 10.167.138.510.167.138.5
410.167.138.6/3110.167.138.6 – 10.167.138.710.167.138.7
510.167.138.8/3110.167.138.8 – 10.167.138.910.167.138.9
610.167.138.10/3110.167.138.10 – 10.167.138.1110.167.138.11
710.167.138.12/3110.167.138.12 – 10.167.138.1310.167.138.13
810.167.138.14/3110.167.138.14 – 10.167.138.1510.167.138.15
910.167.138.16/3110.167.138.16 – 10.167.138.1710.167.138.17
1010.167.138.18/3110.167.138.18 – 10.167.138.1910.167.138.19
1110.167.138.20/3110.167.138.20 – 10.167.138.2110.167.138.21
1210.167.138.22/3110.167.138.22 – 10.167.138.2310.167.138.23
1310.167.138.24/3110.167.138.24 – 10.167.138.2510.167.138.25
1410.167.138.26/3110.167.138.26 – 10.167.138.2710.167.138.27
1510.167.138.28/3110.167.138.28 – 10.167.138.2910.167.138.29
1610.167.138.30/3110.167.138.30 – 10.167.138.3110.167.138.31
1710.167.138.32/3110.167.138.32 – 10.167.138.3310.167.138.33
1810.167.138.34/3110.167.138.34 – 10.167.138.3510.167.138.35
1910.167.138.36/3110.167.138.36 – 10.167.138.3710.167.138.37
2010.167.138.38/3110.167.138.38 – 10.167.138.3910.167.138.39
2110.167.138.40/3110.167.138.40 – 10.167.138.4110.167.138.41
2210.167.138.42/3110.167.138.42 – 10.167.138.4310.167.138.43
2310.167.138.44/3110.167.138.44 – 10.167.138.4510.167.138.45
2410.167.138.46/3110.167.138.46 – 10.167.138.4710.167.138.47
2510.167.138.48/3110.167.138.48 – 10.167.138.4910.167.138.49
2610.167.138.50/3110.167.138.50 – 10.167.138.5110.167.138.51
2710.167.138.52/3110.167.138.52 – 10.167.138.5310.167.138.53
2810.167.138.54/3110.167.138.54 – 10.167.138.5510.167.138.55
2910.167.138.56/3110.167.138.56 – 10.167.138.5710.167.138.57
3010.167.138.58/3110.167.138.58 – 10.167.138.5910.167.138.59
3110.167.138.60/3110.167.138.60 – 10.167.138.6110.167.138.61
3210.167.138.62/3110.167.138.62 – 10.167.138.6310.167.138.63
3310.167.138.64/3110.167.138.64 – 10.167.138.6510.167.138.65
3410.167.138.66/3110.167.138.66 – 10.167.138.6710.167.138.67
3510.167.138.68/3110.167.138.68 – 10.167.138.6910.167.138.69
3610.167.138.70/3110.167.138.70 – 10.167.138.7110.167.138.71
3710.167.138.72/3110.167.138.72 – 10.167.138.7310.167.138.73
3810.167.138.74/3110.167.138.74 – 10.167.138.7510.167.138.75
3910.167.138.76/3110.167.138.76 – 10.167.138.7710.167.138.77
4010.167.138.78/3110.167.138.78 – 10.167.138.7910.167.138.79
4110.167.138.80/3110.167.138.80 – 10.167.138.8110.167.138.81
4210.167.138.82/3110.167.138.82 – 10.167.138.8310.167.138.83
4310.167.138.84/3110.167.138.84 – 10.167.138.8510.167.138.85
4410.167.138.86/3110.167.138.86 – 10.167.138.8710.167.138.87
4510.167.138.88/3110.167.138.88 – 10.167.138.8910.167.138.89
4610.167.138.90/3110.167.138.90 – 10.167.138.9110.167.138.91
4710.167.138.92/3110.167.138.92 – 10.167.138.9310.167.138.93
4810.167.138.94/3110.167.138.94 – 10.167.138.9510.167.138.95
4910.167.138.96/3110.167.138.96 – 10.167.138.9710.167.138.97
5010.167.138.98/3110.167.138.98 – 10.167.138.9910.167.138.99
5110.167.138.100/3110.167.138.100 – 10.167.138.10110.167.138.101
5210.167.138.102/3110.167.138.102 – 10.167.138.10310.167.138.103
5310.167.138.104/3110.167.138.104 – 10.167.138.10510.167.138.105
5410.167.138.106/3110.167.138.106 – 10.167.138.10710.167.138.107
5510.167.138.108/3110.167.138.108 – 10.167.138.10910.167.138.109
5610.167.138.110/3110.167.138.110 – 10.167.138.11110.167.138.111
5710.167.138.112/3110.167.138.112 – 10.167.138.11310.167.138.113
5810.167.138.114/3110.167.138.114 – 10.167.138.11510.167.138.115
5910.167.138.116/3110.167.138.116 – 10.167.138.11710.167.138.117
6010.167.138.118/3110.167.138.118 – 10.167.138.11910.167.138.119
6110.167.138.120/3110.167.138.120 – 10.167.138.12110.167.138.121
6210.167.138.122/3110.167.138.122 – 10.167.138.12310.167.138.123
6310.167.138.124/3110.167.138.124 – 10.167.138.12510.167.138.125
6410.167.138.126/3110.167.138.126 – 10.167.138.12710.167.138.127
6510.167.138.128/3110.167.138.128 – 10.167.138.12910.167.138.129
6610.167.138.130/3110.167.138.130 – 10.167.138.13110.167.138.131
6710.167.138.132/3110.167.138.132 – 10.167.138.13310.167.138.133
6810.167.138.134/3110.167.138.134 – 10.167.138.13510.167.138.135
6910.167.138.136/3110.167.138.136 – 10.167.138.13710.167.138.137
7010.167.138.138/3110.167.138.138 – 10.167.138.13910.167.138.139
7110.167.138.140/3110.167.138.140 – 10.167.138.14110.167.138.141
7210.167.138.142/3110.167.138.142 – 10.167.138.14310.167.138.143
7310.167.138.144/3110.167.138.144 – 10.167.138.14510.167.138.145
7410.167.138.146/3110.167.138.146 – 10.167.138.14710.167.138.147
7510.167.138.148/3110.167.138.148 – 10.167.138.14910.167.138.149
7610.167.138.150/3110.167.138.150 – 10.167.138.15110.167.138.151
7710.167.138.152/3110.167.138.152 – 10.167.138.15310.167.138.153
7810.167.138.154/3110.167.138.154 – 10.167.138.15510.167.138.155
7910.167.138.156/3110.167.138.156 – 10.167.138.15710.167.138.157
8010.167.138.158/3110.167.138.158 – 10.167.138.15910.167.138.159
8110.167.138.160/3110.167.138.160 – 10.167.138.16110.167.138.161
8210.167.138.162/3110.167.138.162 – 10.167.138.16310.167.138.163
8310.167.138.164/3110.167.138.164 – 10.167.138.16510.167.138.165
8410.167.138.166/3110.167.138.166 – 10.167.138.16710.167.138.167
8510.167.138.168/3110.167.138.168 – 10.167.138.16910.167.138.169
8610.167.138.170/3110.167.138.170 – 10.167.138.17110.167.138.171
8710.167.138.172/3110.167.138.172 – 10.167.138.17310.167.138.173
8810.167.138.174/3110.167.138.174 – 10.167.138.17510.167.138.175
8910.167.138.176/3110.167.138.176 – 10.167.138.17710.167.138.177
9010.167.138.178/3110.167.138.178 – 10.167.138.17910.167.138.179
9110.167.138.180/3110.167.138.180 – 10.167.138.18110.167.138.181
9210.167.138.182/3110.167.138.182 – 10.167.138.18310.167.138.183
9310.167.138.184/3110.167.138.184 – 10.167.138.18510.167.138.185
9410.167.138.186/3110.167.138.186 – 10.167.138.18710.167.138.187
9510.167.138.188/3110.167.138.188 – 10.167.138.18910.167.138.189
9610.167.138.190/3110.167.138.190 – 10.167.138.19110.167.138.191
9710.167.138.192/3110.167.138.192 – 10.167.138.19310.167.138.193
9810.167.138.194/3110.167.138.194 – 10.167.138.19510.167.138.195
9910.167.138.196/3110.167.138.196 – 10.167.138.19710.167.138.197
10010.167.138.198/3110.167.138.198 – 10.167.138.19910.167.138.199
10110.167.138.200/3110.167.138.200 – 10.167.138.20110.167.138.201
10210.167.138.202/3110.167.138.202 – 10.167.138.20310.167.138.203
10310.167.138.204/3110.167.138.204 – 10.167.138.20510.167.138.205
10410.167.138.206/3110.167.138.206 – 10.167.138.20710.167.138.207
10510.167.138.208/3110.167.138.208 – 10.167.138.20910.167.138.209
10610.167.138.210/3110.167.138.210 – 10.167.138.21110.167.138.211
10710.167.138.212/3110.167.138.212 – 10.167.138.21310.167.138.213
10810.167.138.214/3110.167.138.214 – 10.167.138.21510.167.138.215
10910.167.138.216/3110.167.138.216 – 10.167.138.21710.167.138.217
11010.167.138.218/3110.167.138.218 – 10.167.138.21910.167.138.219
11110.167.138.220/3110.167.138.220 – 10.167.138.22110.167.138.221
11210.167.138.222/3110.167.138.222 – 10.167.138.22310.167.138.223
11310.167.138.224/3110.167.138.224 – 10.167.138.22510.167.138.225
11410.167.138.226/3110.167.138.226 – 10.167.138.22710.167.138.227
11510.167.138.228/3110.167.138.228 – 10.167.138.22910.167.138.229
11610.167.138.230/3110.167.138.230 – 10.167.138.23110.167.138.231
11710.167.138.232/3110.167.138.232 – 10.167.138.23310.167.138.233
11810.167.138.234/3110.167.138.234 – 10.167.138.23510.167.138.235
11910.167.138.236/3110.167.138.236 – 10.167.138.23710.167.138.237
12010.167.138.238/3110.167.138.238 – 10.167.138.23910.167.138.239
12110.167.138.240/3110.167.138.240 – 10.167.138.24110.167.138.241
12210.167.138.242/3110.167.138.242 – 10.167.138.24310.167.138.243
12310.167.138.244/3110.167.138.244 – 10.167.138.24510.167.138.245
12410.167.138.246/3110.167.138.246 – 10.167.138.24710.167.138.247
12510.167.138.248/3110.167.138.248 – 10.167.138.24910.167.138.249
12610.167.138.250/3110.167.138.250 – 10.167.138.25110.167.138.251
12710.167.138.252/3110.167.138.252 – 10.167.138.25310.167.138.253
12810.167.138.254/3110.167.138.254 – 10.167.138.25510.167.138.255
12910.167.139.0/3110.167.139.0 – 10.167.139.110.167.139.1
13010.167.139.2/3110.167.139.2 – 10.167.139.310.167.139.3
13110.167.139.4/3110.167.139.4 – 10.167.139.510.167.139.5
13210.167.139.6/3110.167.139.6 – 10.167.139.710.167.139.7
13310.167.139.8/3110.167.139.8 – 10.167.139.910.167.139.9
13410.167.139.10/3110.167.139.10 – 10.167.139.1110.167.139.11
13510.167.139.12/3110.167.139.12 – 10.167.139.1310.167.139.13
13610.167.139.14/3110.167.139.14 – 10.167.139.1510.167.139.15
13710.167.139.16/3110.167.139.16 – 10.167.139.1710.167.139.17
13810.167.139.18/3110.167.139.18 – 10.167.139.1910.167.139.19
13910.167.139.20/3110.167.139.20 – 10.167.139.2110.167.139.21
14010.167.139.22/3110.167.139.22 – 10.167.139.2310.167.139.23
14110.167.139.24/3110.167.139.24 – 10.167.139.2510.167.139.25
14210.167.139.26/3110.167.139.26 – 10.167.139.2710.167.139.27
14310.167.139.28/3110.167.139.28 – 10.167.139.2910.167.139.29
14410.167.139.30/3110.167.139.30 – 10.167.139.3110.167.139.31
14510.167.139.32/3110.167.139.32 – 10.167.139.3310.167.139.33
14610.167.139.34/3110.167.139.34 – 10.167.139.3510.167.139.35
14710.167.139.36/3110.167.139.36 – 10.167.139.3710.167.139.37
14810.167.139.38/3110.167.139.38 – 10.167.139.3910.167.139.39
14910.167.139.40/3110.167.139.40 – 10.167.139.4110.167.139.41
15010.167.139.42/3110.167.139.42 – 10.167.139.4310.167.139.43
15110.167.139.44/3110.167.139.44 – 10.167.139.4510.167.139.45
15210.167.139.46/3110.167.139.46 – 10.167.139.4710.167.139.47
15310.167.139.48/3110.167.139.48 – 10.167.139.4910.167.139.49
15410.167.139.50/3110.167.139.50 – 10.167.139.5110.167.139.51
15510.167.139.52/3110.167.139.52 – 10.167.139.5310.167.139.53
15610.167.139.54/3110.167.139.54 – 10.167.139.5510.167.139.55
15710.167.139.56/3110.167.139.56 – 10.167.139.5710.167.139.57
15810.167.139.58/3110.167.139.58 – 10.167.139.5910.167.139.59
15910.167.139.60/3110.167.139.60 – 10.167.139.6110.167.139.61
16010.167.139.62/3110.167.139.62 – 10.167.139.6310.167.139.63
16110.167.139.64/3110.167.139.64 – 10.167.139.6510.167.139.65
16210.167.139.66/3110.167.139.66 – 10.167.139.6710.167.139.67
16310.167.139.68/3110.167.139.68 – 10.167.139.6910.167.139.69
16410.167.139.70/3110.167.139.70 – 10.167.139.7110.167.139.71
16510.167.139.72/3110.167.139.72 – 10.167.139.7310.167.139.73
16610.167.139.74/3110.167.139.74 – 10.167.139.7510.167.139.75
16710.167.139.76/3110.167.139.76 – 10.167.139.7710.167.139.77
16810.167.139.78/3110.167.139.78 – 10.167.139.7910.167.139.79
16910.167.139.80/3110.167.139.80 – 10.167.139.8110.167.139.81
17010.167.139.82/3110.167.139.82 – 10.167.139.8310.167.139.83
17110.167.139.84/3110.167.139.84 – 10.167.139.8510.167.139.85
17210.167.139.86/3110.167.139.86 – 10.167.139.8710.167.139.87
17310.167.139.88/3110.167.139.88 – 10.167.139.8910.167.139.89
17410.167.139.90/3110.167.139.90 – 10.167.139.9110.167.139.91
17510.167.139.92/3110.167.139.92 – 10.167.139.9310.167.139.93
17610.167.139.94/3110.167.139.94 – 10.167.139.9510.167.139.95
17710.167.139.96/3110.167.139.96 – 10.167.139.9710.167.139.97
17810.167.139.98/3110.167.139.98 – 10.167.139.9910.167.139.99
17910.167.139.100/3110.167.139.100 – 10.167.139.10110.167.139.101
18010.167.139.102/3110.167.139.102 – 10.167.139.10310.167.139.103
18110.167.139.104/3110.167.139.104 – 10.167.139.10510.167.139.105
18210.167.139.106/3110.167.139.106 – 10.167.139.10710.167.139.107
18310.167.139.108/3110.167.139.108 – 10.167.139.10910.167.139.109
18410.167.139.110/3110.167.139.110 – 10.167.139.11110.167.139.111
18510.167.139.112/3110.167.139.112 – 10.167.139.11310.167.139.113
18610.167.139.114/3110.167.139.114 – 10.167.139.11510.167.139.115
18710.167.139.116/3110.167.139.116 – 10.167.139.11710.167.139.117
18810.167.139.118/3110.167.139.118 – 10.167.139.11910.167.139.119
18910.167.139.120/3110.167.139.120 – 10.167.139.12110.167.139.121
19010.167.139.122/3110.167.139.122 – 10.167.139.12310.167.139.123
19110.167.139.124/3110.167.139.124 – 10.167.139.12510.167.139.125
19210.167.139.126/3110.167.139.126 – 10.167.139.12710.167.139.127
19310.167.139.128/3110.167.139.128 – 10.167.139.12910.167.139.129
19410.167.139.130/3110.167.139.130 – 10.167.139.13110.167.139.131
19510.167.139.132/3110.167.139.132 – 10.167.139.13310.167.139.133
19610.167.139.134/3110.167.139.134 – 10.167.139.13510.167.139.135
19710.167.139.136/3110.167.139.136 – 10.167.139.13710.167.139.137
19810.167.139.138/3110.167.139.138 – 10.167.139.13910.167.139.139
19910.167.139.140/3110.167.139.140 – 10.167.139.14110.167.139.141
20010.167.139.142/3110.167.139.142 – 10.167.139.14310.167.139.143
20110.167.139.144/3110.167.139.144 – 10.167.139.14510.167.139.145
20210.167.139.146/3110.167.139.146 – 10.167.139.14710.167.139.147
20310.167.139.148/3110.167.139.148 – 10.167.139.14910.167.139.149
20410.167.139.150/3110.167.139.150 – 10.167.139.15110.167.139.151
20510.167.139.152/3110.167.139.152 – 10.167.139.15310.167.139.153
20610.167.139.154/3110.167.139.154 – 10.167.139.15510.167.139.155
20710.167.139.156/3110.167.139.156 – 10.167.139.15710.167.139.157
20810.167.139.158/3110.167.139.158 – 10.167.139.15910.167.139.159
20910.167.139.160/3110.167.139.160 – 10.167.139.16110.167.139.161
21010.167.139.162/3110.167.139.162 – 10.167.139.16310.167.139.163
21110.167.139.164/3110.167.139.164 – 10.167.139.16510.167.139.165
21210.167.139.166/3110.167.139.166 – 10.167.139.16710.167.139.167
21310.167.139.168/3110.167.139.168 – 10.167.139.16910.167.139.169
21410.167.139.170/3110.167.139.170 – 10.167.139.17110.167.139.171
21510.167.139.172/3110.167.139.172 – 10.167.139.17310.167.139.173
21610.167.139.174/3110.167.139.174 – 10.167.139.17510.167.139.175
21710.167.139.176/3110.167.139.176 – 10.167.139.17710.167.139.177
21810.167.139.178/3110.167.139.178 – 10.167.139.17910.167.139.179
21910.167.139.180/3110.167.139.180 – 10.167.139.18110.167.139.181
22010.167.139.182/3110.167.139.182 – 10.167.139.18310.167.139.183
22110.167.139.184/3110.167.139.184 – 10.167.139.18510.167.139.185
22210.167.139.186/3110.167.139.186 – 10.167.139.18710.167.139.187
22310.167.139.188/3110.167.139.188 – 10.167.139.18910.167.139.189
22410.167.139.190/3110.167.139.190 – 10.167.139.19110.167.139.191
22510.167.139.192/3110.167.139.192 – 10.167.139.19310.167.139.193
22610.167.139.194/3110.167.139.194 – 10.167.139.19510.167.139.195
22710.167.139.196/3110.167.139.196 – 10.167.139.19710.167.139.197
22810.167.139.198/3110.167.139.198 – 10.167.139.19910.167.139.199
22910.167.139.200/3110.167.139.200 – 10.167.139.20110.167.139.201
23010.167.139.202/3110.167.139.202 – 10.167.139.20310.167.139.203
23110.167.139.204/3110.167.139.204 – 10.167.139.20510.167.139.205
23210.167.139.206/3110.167.139.206 – 10.167.139.20710.167.139.207
23310.167.139.208/3110.167.139.208 – 10.167.139.20910.167.139.209
23410.167.139.210/3110.167.139.210 – 10.167.139.21110.167.139.211
23510.167.139.212/3110.167.139.212 – 10.167.139.21310.167.139.213
23610.167.139.214/3110.167.139.214 – 10.167.139.21510.167.139.215
23710.167.139.216/3110.167.139.216 – 10.167.139.21710.167.139.217
23810.167.139.218/3110.167.139.218 – 10.167.139.21910.167.139.219
23910.167.139.220/3110.167.139.220 – 10.167.139.22110.167.139.221
24010.167.139.222/3110.167.139.222 – 10.167.139.22310.167.139.223
24110.167.139.224/3110.167.139.224 – 10.167.139.22510.167.139.225
24210.167.139.226/3110.167.139.226 – 10.167.139.22710.167.139.227
24310.167.139.228/3110.167.139.228 – 10.167.139.22910.167.139.229
24410.167.139.230/3110.167.139.230 – 10.167.139.23110.167.139.231
24510.167.139.232/3110.167.139.232 – 10.167.139.23310.167.139.233
24610.167.139.234/3110.167.139.234 – 10.167.139.23510.167.139.235
24710.167.139.236/3110.167.139.236 – 10.167.139.23710.167.139.237
24810.167.139.238/3110.167.139.238 – 10.167.139.23910.167.139.239
24910.167.139.240/3110.167.139.240 – 10.167.139.24110.167.139.241
25010.167.139.242/3110.167.139.242 – 10.167.139.24310.167.139.243
25110.167.139.244/3110.167.139.244 – 10.167.139.24510.167.139.245
25210.167.139.246/3110.167.139.246 – 10.167.139.24710.167.139.247
25310.167.139.248/3110.167.139.248 – 10.167.139.24910.167.139.249
25410.167.139.250/3110.167.139.250 – 10.167.139.25110.167.139.251
25510.167.139.252/3110.167.139.252 – 10.167.139.25310.167.139.253
25610.167.139.254/3110.167.139.254 – 10.167.139.25510.167.139.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →