ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.158.78.0/24
network10.158.78.0/24
broadcast10.158.78.255
first host10.158.78.1
last host10.158.78.254
subnet mask255.255.255.0
wildcard0.0.0.255
addresses256
usable hosts254
classA
ipcalc 10.158.78.0/24
address00001010.10011110.01001110.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
network00001010.10011110.01001110.00000000
broadcast00001010.10011110.01001110.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a9e4e00
decimal178146816
reverse dns0.78.158.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a9e:4e00

/24 split into /32 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.158.78.0/3210.158.78.0 – 10.158.78.010.158.78.0
210.158.78.1/3210.158.78.1 – 10.158.78.110.158.78.1
310.158.78.2/3210.158.78.2 – 10.158.78.210.158.78.2
410.158.78.3/3210.158.78.3 – 10.158.78.310.158.78.3
510.158.78.4/3210.158.78.4 – 10.158.78.410.158.78.4
610.158.78.5/3210.158.78.5 – 10.158.78.510.158.78.5
710.158.78.6/3210.158.78.6 – 10.158.78.610.158.78.6
810.158.78.7/3210.158.78.7 – 10.158.78.710.158.78.7
910.158.78.8/3210.158.78.8 – 10.158.78.810.158.78.8
1010.158.78.9/3210.158.78.9 – 10.158.78.910.158.78.9
1110.158.78.10/3210.158.78.10 – 10.158.78.1010.158.78.10
1210.158.78.11/3210.158.78.11 – 10.158.78.1110.158.78.11
1310.158.78.12/3210.158.78.12 – 10.158.78.1210.158.78.12
1410.158.78.13/3210.158.78.13 – 10.158.78.1310.158.78.13
1510.158.78.14/3210.158.78.14 – 10.158.78.1410.158.78.14
1610.158.78.15/3210.158.78.15 – 10.158.78.1510.158.78.15
1710.158.78.16/3210.158.78.16 – 10.158.78.1610.158.78.16
1810.158.78.17/3210.158.78.17 – 10.158.78.1710.158.78.17
1910.158.78.18/3210.158.78.18 – 10.158.78.1810.158.78.18
2010.158.78.19/3210.158.78.19 – 10.158.78.1910.158.78.19
2110.158.78.20/3210.158.78.20 – 10.158.78.2010.158.78.20
2210.158.78.21/3210.158.78.21 – 10.158.78.2110.158.78.21
2310.158.78.22/3210.158.78.22 – 10.158.78.2210.158.78.22
2410.158.78.23/3210.158.78.23 – 10.158.78.2310.158.78.23
2510.158.78.24/3210.158.78.24 – 10.158.78.2410.158.78.24
2610.158.78.25/3210.158.78.25 – 10.158.78.2510.158.78.25
2710.158.78.26/3210.158.78.26 – 10.158.78.2610.158.78.26
2810.158.78.27/3210.158.78.27 – 10.158.78.2710.158.78.27
2910.158.78.28/3210.158.78.28 – 10.158.78.2810.158.78.28
3010.158.78.29/3210.158.78.29 – 10.158.78.2910.158.78.29
3110.158.78.30/3210.158.78.30 – 10.158.78.3010.158.78.30
3210.158.78.31/3210.158.78.31 – 10.158.78.3110.158.78.31
3310.158.78.32/3210.158.78.32 – 10.158.78.3210.158.78.32
3410.158.78.33/3210.158.78.33 – 10.158.78.3310.158.78.33
3510.158.78.34/3210.158.78.34 – 10.158.78.3410.158.78.34
3610.158.78.35/3210.158.78.35 – 10.158.78.3510.158.78.35
3710.158.78.36/3210.158.78.36 – 10.158.78.3610.158.78.36
3810.158.78.37/3210.158.78.37 – 10.158.78.3710.158.78.37
3910.158.78.38/3210.158.78.38 – 10.158.78.3810.158.78.38
4010.158.78.39/3210.158.78.39 – 10.158.78.3910.158.78.39
4110.158.78.40/3210.158.78.40 – 10.158.78.4010.158.78.40
4210.158.78.41/3210.158.78.41 – 10.158.78.4110.158.78.41
4310.158.78.42/3210.158.78.42 – 10.158.78.4210.158.78.42
4410.158.78.43/3210.158.78.43 – 10.158.78.4310.158.78.43
4510.158.78.44/3210.158.78.44 – 10.158.78.4410.158.78.44
4610.158.78.45/3210.158.78.45 – 10.158.78.4510.158.78.45
4710.158.78.46/3210.158.78.46 – 10.158.78.4610.158.78.46
4810.158.78.47/3210.158.78.47 – 10.158.78.4710.158.78.47
4910.158.78.48/3210.158.78.48 – 10.158.78.4810.158.78.48
5010.158.78.49/3210.158.78.49 – 10.158.78.4910.158.78.49
5110.158.78.50/3210.158.78.50 – 10.158.78.5010.158.78.50
5210.158.78.51/3210.158.78.51 – 10.158.78.5110.158.78.51
5310.158.78.52/3210.158.78.52 – 10.158.78.5210.158.78.52
5410.158.78.53/3210.158.78.53 – 10.158.78.5310.158.78.53
5510.158.78.54/3210.158.78.54 – 10.158.78.5410.158.78.54
5610.158.78.55/3210.158.78.55 – 10.158.78.5510.158.78.55
5710.158.78.56/3210.158.78.56 – 10.158.78.5610.158.78.56
5810.158.78.57/3210.158.78.57 – 10.158.78.5710.158.78.57
5910.158.78.58/3210.158.78.58 – 10.158.78.5810.158.78.58
6010.158.78.59/3210.158.78.59 – 10.158.78.5910.158.78.59
6110.158.78.60/3210.158.78.60 – 10.158.78.6010.158.78.60
6210.158.78.61/3210.158.78.61 – 10.158.78.6110.158.78.61
6310.158.78.62/3210.158.78.62 – 10.158.78.6210.158.78.62
6410.158.78.63/3210.158.78.63 – 10.158.78.6310.158.78.63
6510.158.78.64/3210.158.78.64 – 10.158.78.6410.158.78.64
6610.158.78.65/3210.158.78.65 – 10.158.78.6510.158.78.65
6710.158.78.66/3210.158.78.66 – 10.158.78.6610.158.78.66
6810.158.78.67/3210.158.78.67 – 10.158.78.6710.158.78.67
6910.158.78.68/3210.158.78.68 – 10.158.78.6810.158.78.68
7010.158.78.69/3210.158.78.69 – 10.158.78.6910.158.78.69
7110.158.78.70/3210.158.78.70 – 10.158.78.7010.158.78.70
7210.158.78.71/3210.158.78.71 – 10.158.78.7110.158.78.71
7310.158.78.72/3210.158.78.72 – 10.158.78.7210.158.78.72
7410.158.78.73/3210.158.78.73 – 10.158.78.7310.158.78.73
7510.158.78.74/3210.158.78.74 – 10.158.78.7410.158.78.74
7610.158.78.75/3210.158.78.75 – 10.158.78.7510.158.78.75
7710.158.78.76/3210.158.78.76 – 10.158.78.7610.158.78.76
7810.158.78.77/3210.158.78.77 – 10.158.78.7710.158.78.77
7910.158.78.78/3210.158.78.78 – 10.158.78.7810.158.78.78
8010.158.78.79/3210.158.78.79 – 10.158.78.7910.158.78.79
8110.158.78.80/3210.158.78.80 – 10.158.78.8010.158.78.80
8210.158.78.81/3210.158.78.81 – 10.158.78.8110.158.78.81
8310.158.78.82/3210.158.78.82 – 10.158.78.8210.158.78.82
8410.158.78.83/3210.158.78.83 – 10.158.78.8310.158.78.83
8510.158.78.84/3210.158.78.84 – 10.158.78.8410.158.78.84
8610.158.78.85/3210.158.78.85 – 10.158.78.8510.158.78.85
8710.158.78.86/3210.158.78.86 – 10.158.78.8610.158.78.86
8810.158.78.87/3210.158.78.87 – 10.158.78.8710.158.78.87
8910.158.78.88/3210.158.78.88 – 10.158.78.8810.158.78.88
9010.158.78.89/3210.158.78.89 – 10.158.78.8910.158.78.89
9110.158.78.90/3210.158.78.90 – 10.158.78.9010.158.78.90
9210.158.78.91/3210.158.78.91 – 10.158.78.9110.158.78.91
9310.158.78.92/3210.158.78.92 – 10.158.78.9210.158.78.92
9410.158.78.93/3210.158.78.93 – 10.158.78.9310.158.78.93
9510.158.78.94/3210.158.78.94 – 10.158.78.9410.158.78.94
9610.158.78.95/3210.158.78.95 – 10.158.78.9510.158.78.95
9710.158.78.96/3210.158.78.96 – 10.158.78.9610.158.78.96
9810.158.78.97/3210.158.78.97 – 10.158.78.9710.158.78.97
9910.158.78.98/3210.158.78.98 – 10.158.78.9810.158.78.98
10010.158.78.99/3210.158.78.99 – 10.158.78.9910.158.78.99
10110.158.78.100/3210.158.78.100 – 10.158.78.10010.158.78.100
10210.158.78.101/3210.158.78.101 – 10.158.78.10110.158.78.101
10310.158.78.102/3210.158.78.102 – 10.158.78.10210.158.78.102
10410.158.78.103/3210.158.78.103 – 10.158.78.10310.158.78.103
10510.158.78.104/3210.158.78.104 – 10.158.78.10410.158.78.104
10610.158.78.105/3210.158.78.105 – 10.158.78.10510.158.78.105
10710.158.78.106/3210.158.78.106 – 10.158.78.10610.158.78.106
10810.158.78.107/3210.158.78.107 – 10.158.78.10710.158.78.107
10910.158.78.108/3210.158.78.108 – 10.158.78.10810.158.78.108
11010.158.78.109/3210.158.78.109 – 10.158.78.10910.158.78.109
11110.158.78.110/3210.158.78.110 – 10.158.78.11010.158.78.110
11210.158.78.111/3210.158.78.111 – 10.158.78.11110.158.78.111
11310.158.78.112/3210.158.78.112 – 10.158.78.11210.158.78.112
11410.158.78.113/3210.158.78.113 – 10.158.78.11310.158.78.113
11510.158.78.114/3210.158.78.114 – 10.158.78.11410.158.78.114
11610.158.78.115/3210.158.78.115 – 10.158.78.11510.158.78.115
11710.158.78.116/3210.158.78.116 – 10.158.78.11610.158.78.116
11810.158.78.117/3210.158.78.117 – 10.158.78.11710.158.78.117
11910.158.78.118/3210.158.78.118 – 10.158.78.11810.158.78.118
12010.158.78.119/3210.158.78.119 – 10.158.78.11910.158.78.119
12110.158.78.120/3210.158.78.120 – 10.158.78.12010.158.78.120
12210.158.78.121/3210.158.78.121 – 10.158.78.12110.158.78.121
12310.158.78.122/3210.158.78.122 – 10.158.78.12210.158.78.122
12410.158.78.123/3210.158.78.123 – 10.158.78.12310.158.78.123
12510.158.78.124/3210.158.78.124 – 10.158.78.12410.158.78.124
12610.158.78.125/3210.158.78.125 – 10.158.78.12510.158.78.125
12710.158.78.126/3210.158.78.126 – 10.158.78.12610.158.78.126
12810.158.78.127/3210.158.78.127 – 10.158.78.12710.158.78.127
12910.158.78.128/3210.158.78.128 – 10.158.78.12810.158.78.128
13010.158.78.129/3210.158.78.129 – 10.158.78.12910.158.78.129
13110.158.78.130/3210.158.78.130 – 10.158.78.13010.158.78.130
13210.158.78.131/3210.158.78.131 – 10.158.78.13110.158.78.131
13310.158.78.132/3210.158.78.132 – 10.158.78.13210.158.78.132
13410.158.78.133/3210.158.78.133 – 10.158.78.13310.158.78.133
13510.158.78.134/3210.158.78.134 – 10.158.78.13410.158.78.134
13610.158.78.135/3210.158.78.135 – 10.158.78.13510.158.78.135
13710.158.78.136/3210.158.78.136 – 10.158.78.13610.158.78.136
13810.158.78.137/3210.158.78.137 – 10.158.78.13710.158.78.137
13910.158.78.138/3210.158.78.138 – 10.158.78.13810.158.78.138
14010.158.78.139/3210.158.78.139 – 10.158.78.13910.158.78.139
14110.158.78.140/3210.158.78.140 – 10.158.78.14010.158.78.140
14210.158.78.141/3210.158.78.141 – 10.158.78.14110.158.78.141
14310.158.78.142/3210.158.78.142 – 10.158.78.14210.158.78.142
14410.158.78.143/3210.158.78.143 – 10.158.78.14310.158.78.143
14510.158.78.144/3210.158.78.144 – 10.158.78.14410.158.78.144
14610.158.78.145/3210.158.78.145 – 10.158.78.14510.158.78.145
14710.158.78.146/3210.158.78.146 – 10.158.78.14610.158.78.146
14810.158.78.147/3210.158.78.147 – 10.158.78.14710.158.78.147
14910.158.78.148/3210.158.78.148 – 10.158.78.14810.158.78.148
15010.158.78.149/3210.158.78.149 – 10.158.78.14910.158.78.149
15110.158.78.150/3210.158.78.150 – 10.158.78.15010.158.78.150
15210.158.78.151/3210.158.78.151 – 10.158.78.15110.158.78.151
15310.158.78.152/3210.158.78.152 – 10.158.78.15210.158.78.152
15410.158.78.153/3210.158.78.153 – 10.158.78.15310.158.78.153
15510.158.78.154/3210.158.78.154 – 10.158.78.15410.158.78.154
15610.158.78.155/3210.158.78.155 – 10.158.78.15510.158.78.155
15710.158.78.156/3210.158.78.156 – 10.158.78.15610.158.78.156
15810.158.78.157/3210.158.78.157 – 10.158.78.15710.158.78.157
15910.158.78.158/3210.158.78.158 – 10.158.78.15810.158.78.158
16010.158.78.159/3210.158.78.159 – 10.158.78.15910.158.78.159
16110.158.78.160/3210.158.78.160 – 10.158.78.16010.158.78.160
16210.158.78.161/3210.158.78.161 – 10.158.78.16110.158.78.161
16310.158.78.162/3210.158.78.162 – 10.158.78.16210.158.78.162
16410.158.78.163/3210.158.78.163 – 10.158.78.16310.158.78.163
16510.158.78.164/3210.158.78.164 – 10.158.78.16410.158.78.164
16610.158.78.165/3210.158.78.165 – 10.158.78.16510.158.78.165
16710.158.78.166/3210.158.78.166 – 10.158.78.16610.158.78.166
16810.158.78.167/3210.158.78.167 – 10.158.78.16710.158.78.167
16910.158.78.168/3210.158.78.168 – 10.158.78.16810.158.78.168
17010.158.78.169/3210.158.78.169 – 10.158.78.16910.158.78.169
17110.158.78.170/3210.158.78.170 – 10.158.78.17010.158.78.170
17210.158.78.171/3210.158.78.171 – 10.158.78.17110.158.78.171
17310.158.78.172/3210.158.78.172 – 10.158.78.17210.158.78.172
17410.158.78.173/3210.158.78.173 – 10.158.78.17310.158.78.173
17510.158.78.174/3210.158.78.174 – 10.158.78.17410.158.78.174
17610.158.78.175/3210.158.78.175 – 10.158.78.17510.158.78.175
17710.158.78.176/3210.158.78.176 – 10.158.78.17610.158.78.176
17810.158.78.177/3210.158.78.177 – 10.158.78.17710.158.78.177
17910.158.78.178/3210.158.78.178 – 10.158.78.17810.158.78.178
18010.158.78.179/3210.158.78.179 – 10.158.78.17910.158.78.179
18110.158.78.180/3210.158.78.180 – 10.158.78.18010.158.78.180
18210.158.78.181/3210.158.78.181 – 10.158.78.18110.158.78.181
18310.158.78.182/3210.158.78.182 – 10.158.78.18210.158.78.182
18410.158.78.183/3210.158.78.183 – 10.158.78.18310.158.78.183
18510.158.78.184/3210.158.78.184 – 10.158.78.18410.158.78.184
18610.158.78.185/3210.158.78.185 – 10.158.78.18510.158.78.185
18710.158.78.186/3210.158.78.186 – 10.158.78.18610.158.78.186
18810.158.78.187/3210.158.78.187 – 10.158.78.18710.158.78.187
18910.158.78.188/3210.158.78.188 – 10.158.78.18810.158.78.188
19010.158.78.189/3210.158.78.189 – 10.158.78.18910.158.78.189
19110.158.78.190/3210.158.78.190 – 10.158.78.19010.158.78.190
19210.158.78.191/3210.158.78.191 – 10.158.78.19110.158.78.191
19310.158.78.192/3210.158.78.192 – 10.158.78.19210.158.78.192
19410.158.78.193/3210.158.78.193 – 10.158.78.19310.158.78.193
19510.158.78.194/3210.158.78.194 – 10.158.78.19410.158.78.194
19610.158.78.195/3210.158.78.195 – 10.158.78.19510.158.78.195
19710.158.78.196/3210.158.78.196 – 10.158.78.19610.158.78.196
19810.158.78.197/3210.158.78.197 – 10.158.78.19710.158.78.197
19910.158.78.198/3210.158.78.198 – 10.158.78.19810.158.78.198
20010.158.78.199/3210.158.78.199 – 10.158.78.19910.158.78.199
20110.158.78.200/3210.158.78.200 – 10.158.78.20010.158.78.200
20210.158.78.201/3210.158.78.201 – 10.158.78.20110.158.78.201
20310.158.78.202/3210.158.78.202 – 10.158.78.20210.158.78.202
20410.158.78.203/3210.158.78.203 – 10.158.78.20310.158.78.203
20510.158.78.204/3210.158.78.204 – 10.158.78.20410.158.78.204
20610.158.78.205/3210.158.78.205 – 10.158.78.20510.158.78.205
20710.158.78.206/3210.158.78.206 – 10.158.78.20610.158.78.206
20810.158.78.207/3210.158.78.207 – 10.158.78.20710.158.78.207
20910.158.78.208/3210.158.78.208 – 10.158.78.20810.158.78.208
21010.158.78.209/3210.158.78.209 – 10.158.78.20910.158.78.209
21110.158.78.210/3210.158.78.210 – 10.158.78.21010.158.78.210
21210.158.78.211/3210.158.78.211 – 10.158.78.21110.158.78.211
21310.158.78.212/3210.158.78.212 – 10.158.78.21210.158.78.212
21410.158.78.213/3210.158.78.213 – 10.158.78.21310.158.78.213
21510.158.78.214/3210.158.78.214 – 10.158.78.21410.158.78.214
21610.158.78.215/3210.158.78.215 – 10.158.78.21510.158.78.215
21710.158.78.216/3210.158.78.216 – 10.158.78.21610.158.78.216
21810.158.78.217/3210.158.78.217 – 10.158.78.21710.158.78.217
21910.158.78.218/3210.158.78.218 – 10.158.78.21810.158.78.218
22010.158.78.219/3210.158.78.219 – 10.158.78.21910.158.78.219
22110.158.78.220/3210.158.78.220 – 10.158.78.22010.158.78.220
22210.158.78.221/3210.158.78.221 – 10.158.78.22110.158.78.221
22310.158.78.222/3210.158.78.222 – 10.158.78.22210.158.78.222
22410.158.78.223/3210.158.78.223 – 10.158.78.22310.158.78.223
22510.158.78.224/3210.158.78.224 – 10.158.78.22410.158.78.224
22610.158.78.225/3210.158.78.225 – 10.158.78.22510.158.78.225
22710.158.78.226/3210.158.78.226 – 10.158.78.22610.158.78.226
22810.158.78.227/3210.158.78.227 – 10.158.78.22710.158.78.227
22910.158.78.228/3210.158.78.228 – 10.158.78.22810.158.78.228
23010.158.78.229/3210.158.78.229 – 10.158.78.22910.158.78.229
23110.158.78.230/3210.158.78.230 – 10.158.78.23010.158.78.230
23210.158.78.231/3210.158.78.231 – 10.158.78.23110.158.78.231
23310.158.78.232/3210.158.78.232 – 10.158.78.23210.158.78.232
23410.158.78.233/3210.158.78.233 – 10.158.78.23310.158.78.233
23510.158.78.234/3210.158.78.234 – 10.158.78.23410.158.78.234
23610.158.78.235/3210.158.78.235 – 10.158.78.23510.158.78.235
23710.158.78.236/3210.158.78.236 – 10.158.78.23610.158.78.236
23810.158.78.237/3210.158.78.237 – 10.158.78.23710.158.78.237
23910.158.78.238/3210.158.78.238 – 10.158.78.23810.158.78.238
24010.158.78.239/3210.158.78.239 – 10.158.78.23910.158.78.239
24110.158.78.240/3210.158.78.240 – 10.158.78.24010.158.78.240
24210.158.78.241/3210.158.78.241 – 10.158.78.24110.158.78.241
24310.158.78.242/3210.158.78.242 – 10.158.78.24210.158.78.242
24410.158.78.243/3210.158.78.243 – 10.158.78.24310.158.78.243
24510.158.78.244/3210.158.78.244 – 10.158.78.24410.158.78.244
24610.158.78.245/3210.158.78.245 – 10.158.78.24510.158.78.245
24710.158.78.246/3210.158.78.246 – 10.158.78.24610.158.78.246
24810.158.78.247/3210.158.78.247 – 10.158.78.24710.158.78.247
24910.158.78.248/3210.158.78.248 – 10.158.78.24810.158.78.248
25010.158.78.249/3210.158.78.249 – 10.158.78.24910.158.78.249
25110.158.78.250/3210.158.78.250 – 10.158.78.25010.158.78.250
25210.158.78.251/3210.158.78.251 – 10.158.78.25110.158.78.251
25310.158.78.252/3210.158.78.252 – 10.158.78.25210.158.78.252
25410.158.78.253/3210.158.78.253 – 10.158.78.25310.158.78.253
25510.158.78.254/3210.158.78.254 – 10.158.78.25410.158.78.254
25610.158.78.255/3210.158.78.255 – 10.158.78.25510.158.78.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /24
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.0512510-
/24255.255.255.02562541
/25255.255.255.1281281262 split →
/26255.255.255.19264624 split →
/27255.255.255.22432308 split →
/28255.255.255.240161416 split →
/29255.255.255.2488632 split →
/30255.255.255.2524264 split →
/31255.255.255.25422128 split →
/32255.255.255.25511256 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →