ip
ipku.in

IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Enter an IP with a CIDR prefix or a subnet mask to see its network, broadcast, host range, and host count. You can also split the network into smaller subnets.

$ ipcalc
private IP (RFC 1918)10.1.90.0/23
network10.1.90.0/23
broadcast10.1.91.255
first host10.1.90.1
last host10.1.91.254
subnet mask255.255.254.0
wildcard0.0.1.255
addresses512
usable hosts510
classA
ipcalc 10.1.90.0/23
address00001010.00000001.01011010.00000000
subnet mask11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
network00001010.00000001.01011010.00000000
broadcast00001010.00000001.01011011.11111111
green = network part, grey = host part
hex0x0a015a00
decimal167860736
reverse dns0.90.1.10.in-addr.arpa
ipv4-mapped::ffff:a01:5a00

/23 split into /31 · 256 subnets

close ×
#networkhost rangebroadcast
110.1.90.0/3110.1.90.0 – 10.1.90.110.1.90.1
210.1.90.2/3110.1.90.2 – 10.1.90.310.1.90.3
310.1.90.4/3110.1.90.4 – 10.1.90.510.1.90.5
410.1.90.6/3110.1.90.6 – 10.1.90.710.1.90.7
510.1.90.8/3110.1.90.8 – 10.1.90.910.1.90.9
610.1.90.10/3110.1.90.10 – 10.1.90.1110.1.90.11
710.1.90.12/3110.1.90.12 – 10.1.90.1310.1.90.13
810.1.90.14/3110.1.90.14 – 10.1.90.1510.1.90.15
910.1.90.16/3110.1.90.16 – 10.1.90.1710.1.90.17
1010.1.90.18/3110.1.90.18 – 10.1.90.1910.1.90.19
1110.1.90.20/3110.1.90.20 – 10.1.90.2110.1.90.21
1210.1.90.22/3110.1.90.22 – 10.1.90.2310.1.90.23
1310.1.90.24/3110.1.90.24 – 10.1.90.2510.1.90.25
1410.1.90.26/3110.1.90.26 – 10.1.90.2710.1.90.27
1510.1.90.28/3110.1.90.28 – 10.1.90.2910.1.90.29
1610.1.90.30/3110.1.90.30 – 10.1.90.3110.1.90.31
1710.1.90.32/3110.1.90.32 – 10.1.90.3310.1.90.33
1810.1.90.34/3110.1.90.34 – 10.1.90.3510.1.90.35
1910.1.90.36/3110.1.90.36 – 10.1.90.3710.1.90.37
2010.1.90.38/3110.1.90.38 – 10.1.90.3910.1.90.39
2110.1.90.40/3110.1.90.40 – 10.1.90.4110.1.90.41
2210.1.90.42/3110.1.90.42 – 10.1.90.4310.1.90.43
2310.1.90.44/3110.1.90.44 – 10.1.90.4510.1.90.45
2410.1.90.46/3110.1.90.46 – 10.1.90.4710.1.90.47
2510.1.90.48/3110.1.90.48 – 10.1.90.4910.1.90.49
2610.1.90.50/3110.1.90.50 – 10.1.90.5110.1.90.51
2710.1.90.52/3110.1.90.52 – 10.1.90.5310.1.90.53
2810.1.90.54/3110.1.90.54 – 10.1.90.5510.1.90.55
2910.1.90.56/3110.1.90.56 – 10.1.90.5710.1.90.57
3010.1.90.58/3110.1.90.58 – 10.1.90.5910.1.90.59
3110.1.90.60/3110.1.90.60 – 10.1.90.6110.1.90.61
3210.1.90.62/3110.1.90.62 – 10.1.90.6310.1.90.63
3310.1.90.64/3110.1.90.64 – 10.1.90.6510.1.90.65
3410.1.90.66/3110.1.90.66 – 10.1.90.6710.1.90.67
3510.1.90.68/3110.1.90.68 – 10.1.90.6910.1.90.69
3610.1.90.70/3110.1.90.70 – 10.1.90.7110.1.90.71
3710.1.90.72/3110.1.90.72 – 10.1.90.7310.1.90.73
3810.1.90.74/3110.1.90.74 – 10.1.90.7510.1.90.75
3910.1.90.76/3110.1.90.76 – 10.1.90.7710.1.90.77
4010.1.90.78/3110.1.90.78 – 10.1.90.7910.1.90.79
4110.1.90.80/3110.1.90.80 – 10.1.90.8110.1.90.81
4210.1.90.82/3110.1.90.82 – 10.1.90.8310.1.90.83
4310.1.90.84/3110.1.90.84 – 10.1.90.8510.1.90.85
4410.1.90.86/3110.1.90.86 – 10.1.90.8710.1.90.87
4510.1.90.88/3110.1.90.88 – 10.1.90.8910.1.90.89
4610.1.90.90/3110.1.90.90 – 10.1.90.9110.1.90.91
4710.1.90.92/3110.1.90.92 – 10.1.90.9310.1.90.93
4810.1.90.94/3110.1.90.94 – 10.1.90.9510.1.90.95
4910.1.90.96/3110.1.90.96 – 10.1.90.9710.1.90.97
5010.1.90.98/3110.1.90.98 – 10.1.90.9910.1.90.99
5110.1.90.100/3110.1.90.100 – 10.1.90.10110.1.90.101
5210.1.90.102/3110.1.90.102 – 10.1.90.10310.1.90.103
5310.1.90.104/3110.1.90.104 – 10.1.90.10510.1.90.105
5410.1.90.106/3110.1.90.106 – 10.1.90.10710.1.90.107
5510.1.90.108/3110.1.90.108 – 10.1.90.10910.1.90.109
5610.1.90.110/3110.1.90.110 – 10.1.90.11110.1.90.111
5710.1.90.112/3110.1.90.112 – 10.1.90.11310.1.90.113
5810.1.90.114/3110.1.90.114 – 10.1.90.11510.1.90.115
5910.1.90.116/3110.1.90.116 – 10.1.90.11710.1.90.117
6010.1.90.118/3110.1.90.118 – 10.1.90.11910.1.90.119
6110.1.90.120/3110.1.90.120 – 10.1.90.12110.1.90.121
6210.1.90.122/3110.1.90.122 – 10.1.90.12310.1.90.123
6310.1.90.124/3110.1.90.124 – 10.1.90.12510.1.90.125
6410.1.90.126/3110.1.90.126 – 10.1.90.12710.1.90.127
6510.1.90.128/3110.1.90.128 – 10.1.90.12910.1.90.129
6610.1.90.130/3110.1.90.130 – 10.1.90.13110.1.90.131
6710.1.90.132/3110.1.90.132 – 10.1.90.13310.1.90.133
6810.1.90.134/3110.1.90.134 – 10.1.90.13510.1.90.135
6910.1.90.136/3110.1.90.136 – 10.1.90.13710.1.90.137
7010.1.90.138/3110.1.90.138 – 10.1.90.13910.1.90.139
7110.1.90.140/3110.1.90.140 – 10.1.90.14110.1.90.141
7210.1.90.142/3110.1.90.142 – 10.1.90.14310.1.90.143
7310.1.90.144/3110.1.90.144 – 10.1.90.14510.1.90.145
7410.1.90.146/3110.1.90.146 – 10.1.90.14710.1.90.147
7510.1.90.148/3110.1.90.148 – 10.1.90.14910.1.90.149
7610.1.90.150/3110.1.90.150 – 10.1.90.15110.1.90.151
7710.1.90.152/3110.1.90.152 – 10.1.90.15310.1.90.153
7810.1.90.154/3110.1.90.154 – 10.1.90.15510.1.90.155
7910.1.90.156/3110.1.90.156 – 10.1.90.15710.1.90.157
8010.1.90.158/3110.1.90.158 – 10.1.90.15910.1.90.159
8110.1.90.160/3110.1.90.160 – 10.1.90.16110.1.90.161
8210.1.90.162/3110.1.90.162 – 10.1.90.16310.1.90.163
8310.1.90.164/3110.1.90.164 – 10.1.90.16510.1.90.165
8410.1.90.166/3110.1.90.166 – 10.1.90.16710.1.90.167
8510.1.90.168/3110.1.90.168 – 10.1.90.16910.1.90.169
8610.1.90.170/3110.1.90.170 – 10.1.90.17110.1.90.171
8710.1.90.172/3110.1.90.172 – 10.1.90.17310.1.90.173
8810.1.90.174/3110.1.90.174 – 10.1.90.17510.1.90.175
8910.1.90.176/3110.1.90.176 – 10.1.90.17710.1.90.177
9010.1.90.178/3110.1.90.178 – 10.1.90.17910.1.90.179
9110.1.90.180/3110.1.90.180 – 10.1.90.18110.1.90.181
9210.1.90.182/3110.1.90.182 – 10.1.90.18310.1.90.183
9310.1.90.184/3110.1.90.184 – 10.1.90.18510.1.90.185
9410.1.90.186/3110.1.90.186 – 10.1.90.18710.1.90.187
9510.1.90.188/3110.1.90.188 – 10.1.90.18910.1.90.189
9610.1.90.190/3110.1.90.190 – 10.1.90.19110.1.90.191
9710.1.90.192/3110.1.90.192 – 10.1.90.19310.1.90.193
9810.1.90.194/3110.1.90.194 – 10.1.90.19510.1.90.195
9910.1.90.196/3110.1.90.196 – 10.1.90.19710.1.90.197
10010.1.90.198/3110.1.90.198 – 10.1.90.19910.1.90.199
10110.1.90.200/3110.1.90.200 – 10.1.90.20110.1.90.201
10210.1.90.202/3110.1.90.202 – 10.1.90.20310.1.90.203
10310.1.90.204/3110.1.90.204 – 10.1.90.20510.1.90.205
10410.1.90.206/3110.1.90.206 – 10.1.90.20710.1.90.207
10510.1.90.208/3110.1.90.208 – 10.1.90.20910.1.90.209
10610.1.90.210/3110.1.90.210 – 10.1.90.21110.1.90.211
10710.1.90.212/3110.1.90.212 – 10.1.90.21310.1.90.213
10810.1.90.214/3110.1.90.214 – 10.1.90.21510.1.90.215
10910.1.90.216/3110.1.90.216 – 10.1.90.21710.1.90.217
11010.1.90.218/3110.1.90.218 – 10.1.90.21910.1.90.219
11110.1.90.220/3110.1.90.220 – 10.1.90.22110.1.90.221
11210.1.90.222/3110.1.90.222 – 10.1.90.22310.1.90.223
11310.1.90.224/3110.1.90.224 – 10.1.90.22510.1.90.225
11410.1.90.226/3110.1.90.226 – 10.1.90.22710.1.90.227
11510.1.90.228/3110.1.90.228 – 10.1.90.22910.1.90.229
11610.1.90.230/3110.1.90.230 – 10.1.90.23110.1.90.231
11710.1.90.232/3110.1.90.232 – 10.1.90.23310.1.90.233
11810.1.90.234/3110.1.90.234 – 10.1.90.23510.1.90.235
11910.1.90.236/3110.1.90.236 – 10.1.90.23710.1.90.237
12010.1.90.238/3110.1.90.238 – 10.1.90.23910.1.90.239
12110.1.90.240/3110.1.90.240 – 10.1.90.24110.1.90.241
12210.1.90.242/3110.1.90.242 – 10.1.90.24310.1.90.243
12310.1.90.244/3110.1.90.244 – 10.1.90.24510.1.90.245
12410.1.90.246/3110.1.90.246 – 10.1.90.24710.1.90.247
12510.1.90.248/3110.1.90.248 – 10.1.90.24910.1.90.249
12610.1.90.250/3110.1.90.250 – 10.1.90.25110.1.90.251
12710.1.90.252/3110.1.90.252 – 10.1.90.25310.1.90.253
12810.1.90.254/3110.1.90.254 – 10.1.90.25510.1.90.255
12910.1.91.0/3110.1.91.0 – 10.1.91.110.1.91.1
13010.1.91.2/3110.1.91.2 – 10.1.91.310.1.91.3
13110.1.91.4/3110.1.91.4 – 10.1.91.510.1.91.5
13210.1.91.6/3110.1.91.6 – 10.1.91.710.1.91.7
13310.1.91.8/3110.1.91.8 – 10.1.91.910.1.91.9
13410.1.91.10/3110.1.91.10 – 10.1.91.1110.1.91.11
13510.1.91.12/3110.1.91.12 – 10.1.91.1310.1.91.13
13610.1.91.14/3110.1.91.14 – 10.1.91.1510.1.91.15
13710.1.91.16/3110.1.91.16 – 10.1.91.1710.1.91.17
13810.1.91.18/3110.1.91.18 – 10.1.91.1910.1.91.19
13910.1.91.20/3110.1.91.20 – 10.1.91.2110.1.91.21
14010.1.91.22/3110.1.91.22 – 10.1.91.2310.1.91.23
14110.1.91.24/3110.1.91.24 – 10.1.91.2510.1.91.25
14210.1.91.26/3110.1.91.26 – 10.1.91.2710.1.91.27
14310.1.91.28/3110.1.91.28 – 10.1.91.2910.1.91.29
14410.1.91.30/3110.1.91.30 – 10.1.91.3110.1.91.31
14510.1.91.32/3110.1.91.32 – 10.1.91.3310.1.91.33
14610.1.91.34/3110.1.91.34 – 10.1.91.3510.1.91.35
14710.1.91.36/3110.1.91.36 – 10.1.91.3710.1.91.37
14810.1.91.38/3110.1.91.38 – 10.1.91.3910.1.91.39
14910.1.91.40/3110.1.91.40 – 10.1.91.4110.1.91.41
15010.1.91.42/3110.1.91.42 – 10.1.91.4310.1.91.43
15110.1.91.44/3110.1.91.44 – 10.1.91.4510.1.91.45
15210.1.91.46/3110.1.91.46 – 10.1.91.4710.1.91.47
15310.1.91.48/3110.1.91.48 – 10.1.91.4910.1.91.49
15410.1.91.50/3110.1.91.50 – 10.1.91.5110.1.91.51
15510.1.91.52/3110.1.91.52 – 10.1.91.5310.1.91.53
15610.1.91.54/3110.1.91.54 – 10.1.91.5510.1.91.55
15710.1.91.56/3110.1.91.56 – 10.1.91.5710.1.91.57
15810.1.91.58/3110.1.91.58 – 10.1.91.5910.1.91.59
15910.1.91.60/3110.1.91.60 – 10.1.91.6110.1.91.61
16010.1.91.62/3110.1.91.62 – 10.1.91.6310.1.91.63
16110.1.91.64/3110.1.91.64 – 10.1.91.6510.1.91.65
16210.1.91.66/3110.1.91.66 – 10.1.91.6710.1.91.67
16310.1.91.68/3110.1.91.68 – 10.1.91.6910.1.91.69
16410.1.91.70/3110.1.91.70 – 10.1.91.7110.1.91.71
16510.1.91.72/3110.1.91.72 – 10.1.91.7310.1.91.73
16610.1.91.74/3110.1.91.74 – 10.1.91.7510.1.91.75
16710.1.91.76/3110.1.91.76 – 10.1.91.7710.1.91.77
16810.1.91.78/3110.1.91.78 – 10.1.91.7910.1.91.79
16910.1.91.80/3110.1.91.80 – 10.1.91.8110.1.91.81
17010.1.91.82/3110.1.91.82 – 10.1.91.8310.1.91.83
17110.1.91.84/3110.1.91.84 – 10.1.91.8510.1.91.85
17210.1.91.86/3110.1.91.86 – 10.1.91.8710.1.91.87
17310.1.91.88/3110.1.91.88 – 10.1.91.8910.1.91.89
17410.1.91.90/3110.1.91.90 – 10.1.91.9110.1.91.91
17510.1.91.92/3110.1.91.92 – 10.1.91.9310.1.91.93
17610.1.91.94/3110.1.91.94 – 10.1.91.9510.1.91.95
17710.1.91.96/3110.1.91.96 – 10.1.91.9710.1.91.97
17810.1.91.98/3110.1.91.98 – 10.1.91.9910.1.91.99
17910.1.91.100/3110.1.91.100 – 10.1.91.10110.1.91.101
18010.1.91.102/3110.1.91.102 – 10.1.91.10310.1.91.103
18110.1.91.104/3110.1.91.104 – 10.1.91.10510.1.91.105
18210.1.91.106/3110.1.91.106 – 10.1.91.10710.1.91.107
18310.1.91.108/3110.1.91.108 – 10.1.91.10910.1.91.109
18410.1.91.110/3110.1.91.110 – 10.1.91.11110.1.91.111
18510.1.91.112/3110.1.91.112 – 10.1.91.11310.1.91.113
18610.1.91.114/3110.1.91.114 – 10.1.91.11510.1.91.115
18710.1.91.116/3110.1.91.116 – 10.1.91.11710.1.91.117
18810.1.91.118/3110.1.91.118 – 10.1.91.11910.1.91.119
18910.1.91.120/3110.1.91.120 – 10.1.91.12110.1.91.121
19010.1.91.122/3110.1.91.122 – 10.1.91.12310.1.91.123
19110.1.91.124/3110.1.91.124 – 10.1.91.12510.1.91.125
19210.1.91.126/3110.1.91.126 – 10.1.91.12710.1.91.127
19310.1.91.128/3110.1.91.128 – 10.1.91.12910.1.91.129
19410.1.91.130/3110.1.91.130 – 10.1.91.13110.1.91.131
19510.1.91.132/3110.1.91.132 – 10.1.91.13310.1.91.133
19610.1.91.134/3110.1.91.134 – 10.1.91.13510.1.91.135
19710.1.91.136/3110.1.91.136 – 10.1.91.13710.1.91.137
19810.1.91.138/3110.1.91.138 – 10.1.91.13910.1.91.139
19910.1.91.140/3110.1.91.140 – 10.1.91.14110.1.91.141
20010.1.91.142/3110.1.91.142 – 10.1.91.14310.1.91.143
20110.1.91.144/3110.1.91.144 – 10.1.91.14510.1.91.145
20210.1.91.146/3110.1.91.146 – 10.1.91.14710.1.91.147
20310.1.91.148/3110.1.91.148 – 10.1.91.14910.1.91.149
20410.1.91.150/3110.1.91.150 – 10.1.91.15110.1.91.151
20510.1.91.152/3110.1.91.152 – 10.1.91.15310.1.91.153
20610.1.91.154/3110.1.91.154 – 10.1.91.15510.1.91.155
20710.1.91.156/3110.1.91.156 – 10.1.91.15710.1.91.157
20810.1.91.158/3110.1.91.158 – 10.1.91.15910.1.91.159
20910.1.91.160/3110.1.91.160 – 10.1.91.16110.1.91.161
21010.1.91.162/3110.1.91.162 – 10.1.91.16310.1.91.163
21110.1.91.164/3110.1.91.164 – 10.1.91.16510.1.91.165
21210.1.91.166/3110.1.91.166 – 10.1.91.16710.1.91.167
21310.1.91.168/3110.1.91.168 – 10.1.91.16910.1.91.169
21410.1.91.170/3110.1.91.170 – 10.1.91.17110.1.91.171
21510.1.91.172/3110.1.91.172 – 10.1.91.17310.1.91.173
21610.1.91.174/3110.1.91.174 – 10.1.91.17510.1.91.175
21710.1.91.176/3110.1.91.176 – 10.1.91.17710.1.91.177
21810.1.91.178/3110.1.91.178 – 10.1.91.17910.1.91.179
21910.1.91.180/3110.1.91.180 – 10.1.91.18110.1.91.181
22010.1.91.182/3110.1.91.182 – 10.1.91.18310.1.91.183
22110.1.91.184/3110.1.91.184 – 10.1.91.18510.1.91.185
22210.1.91.186/3110.1.91.186 – 10.1.91.18710.1.91.187
22310.1.91.188/3110.1.91.188 – 10.1.91.18910.1.91.189
22410.1.91.190/3110.1.91.190 – 10.1.91.19110.1.91.191
22510.1.91.192/3110.1.91.192 – 10.1.91.19310.1.91.193
22610.1.91.194/3110.1.91.194 – 10.1.91.19510.1.91.195
22710.1.91.196/3110.1.91.196 – 10.1.91.19710.1.91.197
22810.1.91.198/3110.1.91.198 – 10.1.91.19910.1.91.199
22910.1.91.200/3110.1.91.200 – 10.1.91.20110.1.91.201
23010.1.91.202/3110.1.91.202 – 10.1.91.20310.1.91.203
23110.1.91.204/3110.1.91.204 – 10.1.91.20510.1.91.205
23210.1.91.206/3110.1.91.206 – 10.1.91.20710.1.91.207
23310.1.91.208/3110.1.91.208 – 10.1.91.20910.1.91.209
23410.1.91.210/3110.1.91.210 – 10.1.91.21110.1.91.211
23510.1.91.212/3110.1.91.212 – 10.1.91.21310.1.91.213
23610.1.91.214/3110.1.91.214 – 10.1.91.21510.1.91.215
23710.1.91.216/3110.1.91.216 – 10.1.91.21710.1.91.217
23810.1.91.218/3110.1.91.218 – 10.1.91.21910.1.91.219
23910.1.91.220/3110.1.91.220 – 10.1.91.22110.1.91.221
24010.1.91.222/3110.1.91.222 – 10.1.91.22310.1.91.223
24110.1.91.224/3110.1.91.224 – 10.1.91.22510.1.91.225
24210.1.91.226/3110.1.91.226 – 10.1.91.22710.1.91.227
24310.1.91.228/3110.1.91.228 – 10.1.91.22910.1.91.229
24410.1.91.230/3110.1.91.230 – 10.1.91.23110.1.91.231
24510.1.91.232/3110.1.91.232 – 10.1.91.23310.1.91.233
24610.1.91.234/3110.1.91.234 – 10.1.91.23510.1.91.235
24710.1.91.236/3110.1.91.236 – 10.1.91.23710.1.91.237
24810.1.91.238/3110.1.91.238 – 10.1.91.23910.1.91.239
24910.1.91.240/3110.1.91.240 – 10.1.91.24110.1.91.241
25010.1.91.242/3110.1.91.242 – 10.1.91.24310.1.91.243
25110.1.91.244/3110.1.91.244 – 10.1.91.24510.1.91.245
25210.1.91.246/3110.1.91.246 – 10.1.91.24710.1.91.247
25310.1.91.248/3110.1.91.248 – 10.1.91.24910.1.91.249
25410.1.91.250/3110.1.91.250 – 10.1.91.25110.1.91.251
25510.1.91.252/3110.1.91.252 – 10.1.91.25310.1.91.253
25610.1.91.254/3110.1.91.254 – 10.1.91.25510.1.91.255
01 / table

IPv4 CIDR prefix table.

Click a prefix longer than your network to split it into subnets.

prefixsubnet maskaddresseshostsin your /23
/00.0.0.04,294,967,2964,294,967,294-
/1128.0.0.02,147,483,6482,147,483,646-
/2192.0.0.01,073,741,8241,073,741,822-
/3224.0.0.0536,870,912536,870,910-
/4240.0.0.0268,435,456268,435,454-
/5248.0.0.0134,217,728134,217,726-
/6252.0.0.067,108,86467,108,862-
/7254.0.0.033,554,43233,554,430-
/8255.0.0.016,777,21616,777,214-
/9255.128.0.08,388,6088,388,606-
/10255.192.0.04,194,3044,194,302-
/11255.224.0.02,097,1522,097,150-
/12255.240.0.01,048,5761,048,574-
/13255.248.0.0524,288524,286-
/14255.252.0.0262,144262,142-
/15255.254.0.0131,072131,070-
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534-
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766-
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382-
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190-
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094-
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046-
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022-
/23255.255.254.05125101
/24255.255.255.02562542 split →
/25255.255.255.1281281264 split →
/26255.255.255.19264628 split →
/27255.255.255.224323016 split →
/28255.255.255.240161432 split →
/29255.255.255.2488664 split →
/30255.255.255.25242128 split →
/31255.255.255.25422256 split →
/32255.255.255.25511512 split →
02 / faq

About this calculator.

How do I use this subnet calculator?

▼

Type an IP address followed by a prefix, like 192.168.1.10/24, or by a subnet mask, like 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0. Without a prefix it uses /24. Click a row in the table to split the network into smaller subnets.

Why are usable hosts always 2 fewer?

▼

The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last is the broadcast address, so neither can go to a device. The exceptions are /31 (point-to-point links, RFC 3021) and /32 (a single address), which use every address.

Can I use it from a terminal?

▼

Yes. curl 'ipku.in/en/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator?q=192.168.1.10/24' returns the result as plain text.

Learn how to work it out →